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• AppEngine dev_appserver.py not showing any outputs

  - by shin

  I installed Python2.6 and Google App Engine (GAE). I realized that GAE does not run on 2.6, so I installed 2.5 as well. Now I have a very basic code as follows and it does not show on the localhost:8080 I typed the following in cmd.exe under my dir testapps. c:\Users\myname\testapps"\Program Files\Google\google_appengine\dev_appserver.py" helloworld I am hoping someone lead me to the right direction. helloworld/helloworld.py print 'Content-Type: text/plain' print '' print 'Hello, world!' helloworld/app.yaml application: helloworld version: 1 runtime: python api_version: 1 handlers: - url: /.* script: helloworld.py

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• Bulk get of child entities on Google app engine?

  - by dfrankow

  On Google App Engine in Python, I have a Visit entity that has a parent of Patient. A Patient may have multiple visits. I need to set the most_recent_visit (and some auxiliary visit data) somewhere for later querying, probably in another child entity that Brett Slatkin might call a "relationship index entity." I wish to do so in a bulk style as follows: 1. get 100 Patient keys 2. get all Visits that have any of the Patients from 1 as an ancestor 3. go through the Visits and get the latest for each Patient Is there any way to perform step 2 in a bulk get? I know there is a way to bulk get entities from a list of keys, and there is a way to match a single entity by its ancestor.

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• Inserting rows while fetching(from another table) in SQLite

  - by Samuel

  I'm getting this error no matter what with python and sqlite. File "addbooks.py", line 77, in saveBook conn.commit() sqlite3.OperationalError: cannot commit transaction - SQL statements in progress The code looks like this: conn = sqlite3.connect(fname) cread = conn.cursor() cread.execute('''select book_text from table''') while True: row = cread.fetchone() if row is None: break .... for entry in getEntries(doc): saveBook(entry, conn) Can't do a fetchall() because table and column size are big, and the memory is scarce. What can be done without resorting to dirty tricks(as getting the rowids in memory, which would probably fit, and then selecting the rows one by one)?.

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• Finding all points common to two circles

  - by Dustin I.

  In Python, how would one find all points common to two circles? For example, imagine a Venn diagram-like intersection of two (equally sized) circles, with center-points (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) and radii r1=r2. Additionally, we already know the two points of intersection of the circles are (xi1,yi1) and (xi2,yi2). How would one generate a list of all points (x,y) contained in both circles in an efficient manner? That is, it would be simple to draw a box containing the intersections and iterate through it, checking if a given point is within both circles, but is there a better way?

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• Can django lazy-load fields in a model?

  - by Leopd

  One of my django models has a large TextField which I often don't need to use. Is there a way to tell django to "lazy-load" this field? i.e. not to bother pulling it from the database unless I explicitly ask for it. I'm wasting a lot of memory and bandwidth pulling this TextField into python every time I refer to these objects. The alternative would be to create a new table for the contents of this field, but I'd rather avoid that complexity if I can.

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• Sphinx autodoc is not automatic enough

  - by Cory Walker

  I'm trying to use Sphinx to document a 5,000+ line project in Python. It has about 7 base modules. As far as I know, In order to use autodoc I need to write code like this for each file in my project: .. automodule:: mods.set.tests :members: :show-inheritance: This is way too tedious because I have many files. It would be much easier if I could just specify that I wanted the 'mods' module to be documented. Sphinx could then recursively go through the module and make a page for each submodule. Is there A feature like this? If not I could write a script to make all the .rst files, but that would take up a lot of time.

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• Returning more than one result

  - by Hairr

  I'm using the following code: def recentchanges(bot=False,rclimit=20): """ @description: Gets the last 20 pages edited on the recent changes and who the user who edited it """ recent_changes_data = { 'action':'query', 'list':'recentchanges', 'rcprop':'user|title', 'rclimit':rclimit, 'format':'json' } if bot is False: recent_changes_data['rcshow'] = '!bot' else: pass data = urllib.urlencode(recent_changes_data) response = opener.open('http://runescape.wikia.com/api.php',data) content = json.load(response) pages = tuple(content['query']['recentchanges']) for title in pages: return title['title'] When I do recentchanges() I only get one result. If I print it though, all the pages are printed. Am I just misunderstanding or is this something relating to python? Also, opener is: cj = CookieJar() opener = urllib2.build_opener(urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor(cj))

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• OOWrite is to LaTeX as OODraw is to?

  - by grimborg

  I'm looking for a tool to nicely generate single-page PDFs. My needs are: Able to put a PDF/EPS/... as a background Absolute positioning Able to define tables, lists Able to rotate blocks Reasonably easy syntax (will be used to automatically generate many similar looking documents) Easily usable from Python Free or very cheap In essence I'm looking for the tool X that is to OODraw/CorelDraw/... as LaTeX is to OOWrite/MS Word. I've looked at webkit2pdf and a headless OODraw, but both seem a bit of an overkill. XML-FO has some limitations such as not being able to predict how many pages your document spans. Reportlab is pricey. Any ideas? Thanks!

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• Getting pixel averages of a vector sitting atop a bitmap...

  - by user346511

  I'm currently involved in a hardware project where I am mapping triangular shaped LED to traditional bitmap images. I'd like to overlay a triangle vector onto an image and get the average pixel data within the bounds of that vector. However, I'm unfamiliar with the math needed to calculate this. Does anyone have an algorithm or a link that could send me in the right direction? (I tagged this as Python, which is preferred, but I'd be happy with the general algorithm!) I've created a basic image of what I'm trying to capture here: http://imgur.com/Isjip.gif

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• Trying to figure out URL dispatcher for sluggale URLs like stackoverflow

  - by TylerW

  I'm using the Tornado framework (Python). I have the sluggable URLs working. But I have 3 different entries in the URL dispatcher. I was wondering if someone could help me transform it into one line. This is what I have: (r"/post/([0-9]+)/[a-zA-Z0-9\-]+", SpotHandler), (r"/post/([0-9]+)/", SpotHandler), (r"/post/([0-9]+)", SpotHandler), I want it so that the following URLs all go to the same place. http://domain.com/post/14 http://domain.com/post/14/ http://domain.com/post/14/any-text-it-doesnt-matter-what-it-is

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• Faster way to convert from 24 bit wav pcm format to float?

  - by LMO

  I need to read data in from a wav file in 24 bit pcm format, and convert to float. I'm using Python 2.7.2. The wave package reads the data in as a string, so what I've tried is: # read in entire wav file wdata = f.readframes(nFrames) # unpack into signed integers and convert to float data = array.array('f') for i in range(0,nFrames*3,3): data.append(float(struct.unpack('<i', '\x00'+ wdata[i:i+3])[0])) # normalize sample values data = data / 0x800000 This is quite a bit faster than my earlier approaches, but still quite slow. Can anyone suggest a more efficient method?

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• Multi-argument decorators in 2.6

  - by wheaties

  Generally don't do OO-programming in Python. This project requires it and am running into a bit of trouble. Here's my scratch code for attempting to figure out where it went wrong: class trial(object): def output( func, x ): def ya( self, y ): return func( self, x ) + y return ya def f1( func ): return output( func, 1 ) @f1 def sum1( self, x ): return x which doesn't compile. I've attempted to add the @staticmethod tag to the "output" and "f1" functions but to no avail. Normally I'd do this def output( func, x ): def ya( y ): return func( x ) + y return ya def f1( func ): return output( func, 1 ) @f1 def sum1( x ): return x which does work. So how do I get this going in a class?

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• is this a correct way to generate rsa keys?

  - by calccrypto

  is this code going to give me correct values for RSA keys (assuming that the other functions are correct)? im having trouble getting my program to decrypt properly, as in certain blocks are not decrypting properly this is in python: import random def keygen(bits): p = q = 3 while p == q: p = random.randint(2**(bits/2-2),2**(bits/2)) q = random.randint(2**(bits/2-2),2**(bits/2)) p += not(p&1) # changes the values from q += not(q&1) # even to odd while MillerRabin(p) == False: # checks for primality p -= 2 while MillerRabin(q) == False: q -= 2 n = p * q tot = (p-1) * (q-1) e = tot while gcd(tot,e) != 1: e = random.randint(3,tot-1) d = getd(tot,e) # gets the multiplicative inverse while d<0: # i can probably replace this with mod d = d + tot return e,d,n one set of keys generated: e = 3daf16a37799d3b2c951c9baab30ad2d d = 16873c0dd2825b2e8e6c2c68da3a5e25 n = dc2a732d64b83816a99448a2c2077ced

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• Turning A Stacked List into workable data

  - by BoSox

  In Excel I have a list of names that in the cell appear stacked, and I want each name in its own column. I was thinking Python may be a good way to do this? Example: Joe Smith John Hawk Mike Green Lauren Smith One cell will look exactly like that, with each name on its line within the cell but all of the names contained in the cell. I have 50 cells each with 1-20 stacked names and I want to put each name in its own cell on a given row. So, in my example all of those names would occupy the same row but each would have their own column. Any ideas?

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• How to return a value when destroying/cleaning-up an object instance

  - by Mridang Agarwalla

  When I initiate a class in Python, I give it some values. I then call method in the class which does something. Here's a snippet: class TestClass(): def __init__(self): self.counter = 0 def doSomething(self): self.counter = self.counter + 1 print 'Hiya' if __name__ == "__main__": obj = TestClass() obj.doSomething() obj.doSomething() obj.doSomething() print obj.counter As you can see, everytime I call the doSomething method, it prints some text and increments an internal variable i.e. counter. When I initiate the class, i set the counter variable to 0. When I destroy the object, I'd like to return the internal counter variable. What would be a good way of doing this? I wanted to know if there were other ways apart from doing stuff like: accessing the variable directly. Like obj.counter. creating a method like getCounter. Thanks.

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• Confusion between numpy, scipy, matplotlib and pylab

  - by goFrendiAsgard

  Numpy, scipy, matplotlib, and pylab are common terms among they who use python for scientific computation. I just learn a bit about pylab, and I got a lot of confusion. Whenever I want to import numpy, I can always do: import numpy as np I just consider, that once I do from pylab import * The numpy will be imported as well (with np alias). So basically the second one do more things compared to the first one. There are few things I want to ask. Is it right that pylab is just a wrapper for numpy, scipy and matplotlib? As np is the numpy alias, what is the scipy and matplotlib alias? (as far as I know, plt is alias of matplotlib.pyplot, but I don't know the alias for the matplotlib itself) Thanks in advance.

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• Close a tag with no text in lxml

  - by PulpFiction

  I am trying to output a XML file using Python and lxml However, I notice one thing that if a tag has no text, it does not close itself. An example of this would be: root = etree.Element('document') rootTree = etree.ElementTree(root) firstChild = etree.SubElement(root, 'test') The output of this is: <document> <test/> </document I want the output to be: <document> <test> </test> </document> So basically I want to close a tag which has no text, but is used to the attribute value. How do I do that? And also, what is such a tag called? I would have Googled it, but I don't know how to search for it.

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• Encoding gives "'ascii' codec can't encode character … ordinal not in range(128)"

  - by user140314

  I am working through the Django RSS reader project here. The RSS feed will read something like "OKLAHOMA CITY (AP) — James Harden let". The RSS feed's encoding reads encoding="UTF-8" so I believe I am passing utf-8 to markdown in the code snippet below. The em dash is where it chokes. I get the Django error of "'ascii' codec can't encode character u'\u2014' in position 109: ordinal not in range(128)" which is an UnicodeEncodeError. In the variables being passed I see "OKLAHOMA CITY (AP) \u2014 James Harden". The code line that is not working is: content = content.encode(parsed_feed.encoding, "xmlcharrefreplace") I am using markdown 2.0, django 1.1, and python 2.4. What is the magic sequence of encoding and decoding that I need to do to make this work? Thanks.

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• reinitialize an object with self.__init__(...)

  - by Kara Jevo

  Could anybody explain whether it is safe to reinitialize an object by calling "self.init(". as shown in the following simplified example? The reason i'm asking is that i couldn't find this method neither in several python books nor in internet. There are some who suggest to list all attributes and set them to initial value one by one. Basically i want to set my object to initial state after it has finished some tasks. class Book(object): def __init__(self,name,author): self.name = name self.author = author self.copies = 5 def reset(self): self.__init__(self.name,self.author) def incrementCopy(self): self.copies += 1 Kite = Book('kite runner','khaled hosseini') print 'initial number of copies:', Kite.copies Kite.incrementCopy() Kite.incrementCopy() Kite.incrementCopy() print '3 copies are added:', Kite.copies Kite.reset() print 'number of copies are reinitialized', Kite.copies initial number of copies: 5 3 copies are added: 8 number of copies are reinitialized 5

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• Unittest and mock

  - by user1410756

  I'm testing with unittest in python and it's ok. Now, I have introduced mock and I need to resolve a question. This is my code: from mock import Mock import unittest class Matematica(object): def __init__(self, op1, op2): self.op1 = op1 self.op2 = op2 def adder(self): return self.op1 + self.op2 def subs(self): return abs(self.op1 - self.op2) def molt(self): return self.op1 * self.op2 def divid(self): return self.op1 / self.op2 class TestMatematica(unittest.TestCase): """Test della classe Matematica""" def testing(self): """Somma""" mat = Matematica(10,20) self.assertEqual(mat.adder(),30) """Sottrazione""" self.assertEqual(mat.subs(),10) class test_mock(object): def __init__(self, matematica): self.matematica = matematica def execute(self): self.matematica.adder() self.matematica.adder() self.matematica.subs() if __name__ == "__main__": result = unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(TestMatematica('testing')) a = Matematica(10,20) b = test_mock(a) b.execute() mock_foo = Mock(b.execute)#return_value = 'rafa') mock_foo() print mock_foo.called print mock_foo.call_count print mock_foo.method_calls This code is functionally and result of print is: True, 1, [] . Now, I need to count how many times are called self.matematica.adder() and self.matematica.subs() . THANKS

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• looking for a set union find algorithm

  - by Mig

  I have thousands of lines of 1 to 100 numbers, every line define a group of numbers and a relationship among them. I need to get the sets of related numbers. Little Example: If I have this 7 lines of data T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T1 T5 T4 T3 T4 I need a not so slow algorith to know that the sets here are: T1 T2 T6 (because T1 is related with T2 in the first line and T1 related with T6 in the line 5) T3 T4 T5 (because T5 is with T4 in line 6 and T3 is with T4 in line 7) but when you have very big sets is painfully slow to do a search of a T(x) in every big set, and do unions of sets... etc. Do you have a hint to do this in a not so brute force manner? I'm trying to do this in python. Thanks

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• Avoid IF statement after condition has been met

  - by greye

  I have a division operation inside a cycle that repeats many times. It so happens that in the first few passes through the loop (more or less first 10 loops) the divisor is zero. Once it gains value, a div by zero error is not longer possible. I have an if condition to test the divisor value in order to avoid the div by zero, but I am wondering that there is a performance impact that evaluating this if will have for each run in subsequent loops, especially since I know it's of no use anymore. How should this be coded? in Python?

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• Multiplying Block Matrices in Numpy

  - by Ada Xu

  Hi Everyone I am python newbie I have to implement lasso L1 regression for a class assignment. This involves solving a quadratic equation involving block matrices. minimize x^t * H * x + f^t * x where x 0 Where H is a 2 X 2 block matrix with each element being a k dimensional matrix and x and f being a 2 X 1 vectors each element being a k dimension vector. I was thinking of using nd arrays. such that np.shape(H) = (2, 2, k, k) np.shape(x) = (2, k) But I figured out that np.dot(X, H) doesn't work here. Is there an easy way to solve this problem? Thanks in advance.

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• django + xmppy: send a message to two recipients

  - by Agrajag

  I'm trying to use xmpppy for sending jabber-messages from a django-website. This works entirely fine. However, the message only gets sent to the -first- of the recipients in the list. This happens when I run the following function from django, and also if I run it from an interactive python-shell. The weird part though, is that if I extract the -body- of the function and run that interactively, then all the recipients (there's just 2 at the moment) get the message. Also, I do know that the inner for-loop gets run the correct count times (2), because the print-statement does run twice, and return two different message-ids. The function looks like this: def hello_jabber(request, text): jid=xmpp.protocol.JID(settings.JABBER_ID) cl=xmpp.Client(jid.getDomain(),debug=[]) con=cl.connect() auth=cl.auth(jid.getNode(),settings.JABBER_PW,resource=jid.getResource()) for friend in settings.JABBER_FRIENDS: id=cl.send(xmpp.protocol.Message(friend,friend + ' is awesome:' + text)) print 'sent message with id ' + str(id) cl.disconnect() return render_to_response('jabber/sent.htm', locals())

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• How to find full module path of a class to import in other file

  - by Pooya

  I have method that returns module path of given class name def findModulePath(path, className): attributes = [] for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path): for source in (s for s in files if s.endswith(".py")): name = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(source))[0] full_name = os.path.splitext(source)[0].replace(os.path.sep, '.') m = imp.load_module(full_name, *imp.find_module(name, [root])) try: attr = getattr(m, className) attributes.append(attr) except: pass if len(attributes) <= 0: raise Exception, "Class %s not found" % className for element in attributes: print "%s.%s" % (element.__module__, className) but it does not return the full path of the module, For example I have a python file named "objectmodel" in objects package,and it contains a Model class, So I call findModulePath(MyProjectPath,"Model"). it prints objectmodel.Model but I need objects.objectmodel.Model

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