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  • 'Scanner' does not name a type error in g++

    - by Max
    Hi. I'm trying to compile code in g++ and I get the following errors: In file included from scanner.hpp:8, from scanner.cpp:5: parser.hpp:14: error: ‘Scanner’ does not name a type parser.hpp:15: error: ‘Token’ does not name a type Here's my g++ command: g++ parser.cpp scanner.cpp -Wall Here's parser.hpp: #ifndef PARSER_HPP #define PARSER_HPP #include <string> #include <map> #include "scanner.hpp" using std::string; class Parser { // Member Variables private: Scanner lex; // Lexical analyzer Token look; // tracks the current lookahead token // Member Functions <some function declarations> }; #endif and here's scanner.hpp: #ifndef SCANNER_HPP #define SCANNER_HPP #include <iostream> #include <cctype> #include <string> #include <map> #include "parser.hpp" using std::string; using std::map; enum { // reserved words BOOL, ELSE, IF, TRUE, WHILE, DO, FALSE, INT, VOID, // punctuation and operators LPAREN, RPAREN, LBRACK, RBRACK, LBRACE, RBRACE, SEMI, COMMA, PLUS, MINUS, TIMES, DIV, MOD, AND, OR, NOT, IS, ADDR, EQ, NE, LT, GT, LE, GE, // symbolic constants NUM, ID, ENDFILE, ERROR }; class Token { public: int tag; int value; string lexeme; Token() {tag = 0;} Token(int t) {tag = t;} }; class Num : public Token { public: Num(int v) {tag = NUM; value = v;} }; class Word : public Token { public: Word() {tag = 0; lexeme = "default";} Word(int t, string l) {tag = t; lexeme = l;} }; class Scanner { private: int line; // which line the compiler is currently on int depth; // how deep in the parse tree the compiler is map<string,Word> words; // list of reserved words and used identifiers // Member Functions public: Scanner(); Token scan(); string printTag(int); friend class Parser; }; #endif anyone see the problem? I feel like I'm missing something incredibly obvious.

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  • Tokenizing a string with variable whitespace

    - by Ron Holcomb
    I've read through a few threads detailing how to tokenize strings, but I'm apparently too thick to adapt their suggestions and solutions into my program. What I'm attempting to do is tokenize each line from a large (5k+) line file into two strings. Here's a sample of the lines: 0 -0.11639404 9.0702948e-05 0.00012207031 0.0001814059 0.051849365 0.00027210884 0.062103271 0.00036281179 0.034423828 0.00045351474 0.035125732 The difference I'm finding between my lines and the other sample input from other threads is that I have a variable amount of whitespace between the parts that I want to tokenize. Anyways, here's my attempt at tokenizing: #include <iostream> #include <iomanip> #include <fstream> #include <string> using namespace std; int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { ifstream input; ofstream output; string temp2; string temp3; input.open(argv[1]); output.open(argv[2]); if (input.is_open()) { while (!input.eof()) { getline(input, temp2, ' '); while (!isspace(temp2[0])) getline(input, temp2, ' '); getline (input, temp3, '\n'); } input.close(); cout << temp2 << endl; cout << temp3 << endl; return 0; } I've clipped it some, since the troublesome bits are here. The issue that I'm having is that temp2 never seems to catch a value. Ideally, it should get populated with the first column of numbers, but it doesn't. Instead, it is blank, and temp3 is populated with the entire line. Unfortunately, in my course we haven't learned about vectors, so I'm not quite sure how to implement them in the other solutions for this I've seen, and I'd like to not just copy-paste code for assignments to get things work without actually understanding it. So, what's the extremely obvious/already been answered/simple solution I'm missing? I'd like to stick to standard libraries that g++ uses if at all possible.

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  • C++ vector of strings, pointers to functions, and the resulting frustration.

    - by Kyle
    So I am a first year computer science student, for on of my final projects, I need to write a program that takes a vector of strings, and applies various functions to these. Unfortunately, I am really confused on how to use pointer to pass the vector from function to function. Below is some sample code to give an idea of what I am talking about. I also get an error message when I try to deference any pointer. thanks. #include <iostream> #include <cstdlib> #include <vector> #include <string> using namespace std; vector<string>::pointer function_1(vector<string>::pointer ptr); void function_2(vector<string>::pointer ptr); int main() { vector<string>::pointer ptr; vector<string> svector; ptr = &svector[0]; function_1(ptr); function_2(ptr); } vector<string>::pointer function_1(vector<string>::pointer ptr) { string line; for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { cout << "enter some input ! \n"; // i need to be able to pass a reference of the vector getline(cin, line); // through various functions, and have the results *ptr.pushback(line); // reflectedin main(). But I cannot use member functions } // of vector with a deferenced pointer. return(ptr); } void function_2(vector<string>::pointer ptr) { for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { cout << *ptr[i] << endl; } }

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  • Boost thread synchronization in release build

    - by Joseph16
    Hi, when I try to run the following code in debug and release mode in VS2005. Each time I see different output in console and It doesn't seem like the multithreading is achieved in release mode. 1. #include <boost/thread.hpp> 2. #include <iostream> 3. 4. void wait(int seconds) 5. { 6. boost::this_thread::sleep(boost::posix_time::seconds(seconds)); 7. } 8. 9. boost::mutex mutex; 10. 11. void thread() 12. { 13. for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) 14. { 15. //wait(1); 16. mutex.lock(); 17. std::cout << "Thread " << boost::this_thread::get_id() << ": " << i << std::endl; 18. mutex.unlock(); 19. } 20. } 21. 22. int main() 23. { 24. boost::thread t1(thread); 25. boost::thread t2(thread); 26. t1.join(); 27. t2.join(); 28. } Debug Mode Thread 00153E60: 0 Thread 00153E90: 0 Thread 00153E60: 1 Thread 00153E90: 1 Thread 00153E90: 2 Thread 00153E60: 2 Thread 00153E90: 3 Thread 00153E60: 3 Thread 00153E60: 4 Thread 00153E90: 4 Press any key to continue . . . Release Mode Thread 00153D28: 0 Thread 00153D28: 1 Thread 00153D28: 2 Thread 00153D28: 3 Thread 00153D28: 4 Thread 00153D58: 0 Thread 00153D58: 1 Thread 00153D58: 2 Thread 00153D58: 3 Thread 00153D58: 4 Press any key to continue . . .

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  • Perfect Forwarding to async lambda

    - by Alexander Kondratskiy
    I have a function template, where I want to do perfect forwarding into a lambda that I run on another thread. Here is a minimal test case which you can directly compile: #include <thread> #include <future> #include <utility> #include <iostream> #include <vector> /** * Function template that does perfect forwarding to a lambda inside an * async call (or at least tries to). I want both instantiations of the * function to work (one for lvalue references T&, and rvalue reference T&&). * However, I cannot get the code to compile when calling it with an lvalue. * See main() below. */ template <typename T> std::string accessValueAsync(T&& obj) { std::future<std::string> fut = std::async(std::launch::async, [](T&& vec) mutable { return vec[0]; }, std::forward<T>(obj)); return fut.get(); } int main(int argc, char const *argv[]) { std::vector<std::string> lvalue{"Testing"}; // calling with what I assume is an lvalue reference does NOT compile std::cout << accessValueAsync(lvalue) << std::endl; // calling with rvalue reference compiles std::cout << accessValueAsync(std::move(lvalue)) << std::endl; // I want both to compile. return 0; } For the non-compiling case, here is the last line of the error message which is intelligible: main.cpp|13 col 29| note: no known conversion for argument 1 from ‘std::vector<std::basic_string<char> >’ to ‘std::vector<std::basic_string<char> >&’ I have a feeling it may have something to do with how T&& is deduced, but I can't pinpoint the exact point of failure and fix it. Any suggestions? Thank you! EDIT: I am using gcc 4.7.0 just in case this could be a compiler issue (probably not)

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  • Should we use temporary variables for the returned values of functions?

    - by totymedli
    I thought about this: Is there a performance difference in these two practices: Store the return value of a function in a temporary variable than give that variable as a parameter to another function. Put the function into the other function. Specification Assuming all classes and functions are written correctly. Case 1. ClassA a = function1(); ClassB b = function2(a); function3(b); Case 2. function3(function2(function1())); I know there aren't a big difference with only one run, but supposed that we could run this a lot of times in a loop, I created some tests. Test #include <iostream> #include <ctime> #include <math.h> using namespace std; int main() { clock_t start = clock(); clock_t ends = clock(); // Case 1. start = clock(); for (int i=0; i<10000000; i++) { double a = cos(1); double b = pow(a, 2); sqrt(b); } ends = clock(); cout << (double) (ends - start) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << endl; // Case 2. start = clock(); for (int i=0; i<10000000; i++) sqrt(pow(cos(1),2)); ends = clock(); cout << (double) (ends - start) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC << endl; return 0; } Results Case 1 = 6.375 Case 2 = 0.031 Why is the first one is much slower, and if the second one is faster why dont we always write code that way? Anyway does the second pratice has a name? I also wondered what happens if I create the variables outside the for loop in the first case, but the result was the same. Why?

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  • C++ stream as a parameter when overloading operator<<

    - by TheOm3ga
    I'm trying to write my own logging class and use it as a stream: logger L; L << "whatever" << std::endl; This is the code I started with: #include <iostream> using namespace std; class logger{ public: template <typename T> friend logger& operator <<(logger& log, const T& value); }; template <typename T> logger& operator <<(logger& log, T const & value) { // Here I'd output the values to a file and stdout, etc. cout << value; return log; } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { logger L; L << "hello" << '\n' ; // This works L << "bye" << "alo" << endl; // This doesn't work return 0; } But I was getting an error when trying to compile, saying that there was no definition for operator<<: pruebaLog.cpp:31: error: no match for ‘operator<<’ in ‘operator<< [with T = char [4]](((logger&)((logger*)operator<< [with T = char [4]](((logger&)(& L)), ((const char (&)[4])"bye")))), ((const char (&)[4])"alo")) << std::endl’ So, I've been trying to overload operator<< to accept this kind of streams, but it's driving me mad. I don't know how to do it. I've been loking at, for instance, the definition of std::endl at the ostream header file and written a function with this header: logger& operator <<(logger& log, const basic_ostream<char,char_traits<char> >& (*s)(basic_ostream<char,char_traits<char> >&)) But no luck. I've tried the same using templates instead of directly using char, and also tried simply using "const ostream& os", and nothing. Another thing that bugs me is that, in the error output, the first argument for operator<< changes, sometimes it's a reference to a pointer, sometimes looks like a double reference...

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  • When I overload the assignment operator for my simple class array, I get the wrong answer I espect

    - by user299648
    //output is "01234 00000" but the output should be or what I want it to be is // "01234 01234" because of the assignment overloaded operator #include <iostream> using namespace std; class IntArray { public: IntArray() : size(10), used(0) { a= new int[10]; } IntArray(int s) : size(s), used(0) { a= new int[s]; } int& operator[]( int index ); IntArray& operator =( const IntArray& rightside ); ~IntArray() { delete [] a; } private: int *a; int size; int used;//for array position }; int main() { IntArray copy; if( 2>1) { IntArray arr(5); for( int k=0; k<5; k++) arr[k]=k; copy = arr; for( int j=0; j<5; j++) cout<<arr[j]; } cout<<" "; for( int j=0; j<5; j++) cout<<copy[j]; return 0; } int& IntArray::operator[]( int index ) { if( index >= size ) cout<<"ilegal index in IntArray"<<endl; return a[index]; } IntArray& IntArray::operator =( const IntArray& rightside ) { if( size != rightside.size )//also checks if on both side same object { delete [] a; a= new int[rightside.size]; } size=rightside.size; used=rightside.used; for( int i = 0; i < used; i++ ) a[i]=rightside.a[i]; return *this; }

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  • Dynamic allocating of const member structures

    - by Willy
    I've got class which is using plain-only-data struct with const variables and I'm not sure, if I'm allocating these structures in a proper way. It looks more or less like: #include <cstdlib> #include <iostream> using std::cout; using std::endl; struct some_const_struct { const int arg1; const int arg2; }; class which_is_using_above_struct { public: some_const_struct* m_member; const some_const_struct* const m_const_member; public: const some_const_struct& get_member() const { return *m_member; } const some_const_struct& get_const_member() const { return *m_const_member; } void set_member(const int a, const int b) { if(m_member != NULL) { delete m_member; m_member = NULL; } m_member = new some_const_struct((some_const_struct){a, b}); } explicit which_is_using_above_struct(const int a, const int b) : m_const_member(new some_const_struct((const some_const_struct){a, b})) { m_member = NULL; } ~which_is_using_above_struct() { if(m_member != NULL) { delete m_member; } if(m_const_member != NULL) { delete m_const_member; } } }; int main() { which_is_using_above_struct c(1, 2); c.set_member(3, 4); cout << "m_member.arg1 = " << c.get_member().arg1 << endl; cout << "m_member.arg2 = " << c.get_member().arg2 << endl; cout << "m_const_member.arg1 = " << c.get_const_member().arg1 << endl; cout << "m_const_member.arg2 = " << c.get_const_member().arg2 << endl; return 0; } I'm just not quite sure if the statement: m_member = new some_const_struct((some_const_struct){a, b}); doesn't produce unnessesary use of some_const_struct's copy constructor, ergo allocating that struct twice. What do you think? And is it reasonable to make that struct's members const? (they're not supposed to change in their lifetime at all)

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  • Is typeid of type name always evaluated at compile time in c++ ?

    - by cyril42e
    I wanted to check that typeid is evaluated at compile time when used with a type name (ie typeid(int), typeid(std::string)...). To do so, I repeated in a loop the comparison of two typeid calls, and compiled it with optimizations enabled, in order to see if the compiler simplified the loop (by looking at the execution time which is 1us when it simplifies instead of 160ms when it does not). And I get strange results, because sometimes the compiler simplifies the code, and sometimes it does not. I use g++ (I tried different 4.x versions), and here is the program: #include <iostream> #include <typeinfo> #include <time.h> class DisplayData {}; class RobotDisplay: public DisplayData {}; class SensorDisplay: public DisplayData {}; class RobotQt {}; class SensorQt {}; timespec tp1, tp2; const int n = 1000000000; int main() { int avg = 0; clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &tp1); for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { // if (typeid(RobotQt) == typeid(RobotDisplay)) // (1) compile time // if (typeid(SensorQt) == typeid(SensorDisplay)) // (2) compile time if (typeid(RobotQt) == typeid(RobotDisplay) || typeid(SensorQt) == typeid(SensorDisplay)) // (3) not compile time ???!!! avg++; else avg--; } clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &tp2); std::cout << "time (" << avg << "): " << (tp2.tv_sec-tp1.tv_sec)*1000000000+(tp2.tv_nsec-tp1.tv_nsec) << " ns" << std::endl; } The conditions in which this problem appear are not clear, but: - if there is no inheritance involved, no problem (always compile time) - if I do only one comparison, no problem - the problem only appears only with a disjunction of comparisons if all the terms are false So is there something I didn't get with how typeid works (is it always supposed to be evaluated at compilation time when used with type names?) or may this be a gcc bug in evaluation or optimization? About the context, I tracked down the problem to this very simplified example, but my goal is to use typeid with template types (as partial function template specialization is not possible). Thanks for your help!

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  • Get name mangling when I try to use exceptions [CodeBlocks, C++]

    - by Beetroot
    I am trying to use exceptions for the first time but even though it is quite a simple example I just cannot get it to compile, I have looked at several examples and tried coding it in many, many different ways but I am still not even sure exactly where the problem is because I get namemangling when I introduce the catch/try/throw anyway here is my code hopefully it is something really stupid :) #include "Surface.h" #include "SDL_Image.h" using namespace std; SDL_Surface* surface::Load(string fileName){ SDL_Surface* loadedSurface = IMG_Load(fileName.c_str()); if(loadedSurface == 0) throw 0; //Convert surface to same format as display loadedSurface = SDL_DisplayFormatAlpha(loadedSurface); return loadedSurface; } #include "GameState.h" #include "Surface.h" #include<iostream> using namespace std; GameState::GameState(string fileName){ try{ stateWallpaper_ = surface::Load(fileName); } catch(int& e){ cerr << "Could not load " << fileName << endl; } } Thanks in advance for any help! EDIT: Sorry I forgot to post the error message: It is In function `ZN14GameStateIntroC1Ev':| -undefined reference to `__gxx_personality_sj0'| -undefined reference to `_Unwind_SjLj_Register'| -undefined reference to `_Unwind_SjLj_Unregister'| In function `ZN14GameStateIntroC1Ev':| undefined reference to `_Unwind_SjLj_Resume'| In function `ZN14GameStateIntroC2Ev':| -undefined reference to `__gxx_personality_sj0'| -undefined reference to `_Unwind_SjLj_Register'| -undefined reference to `_Unwind_SjLj_Unregister'| obj\Release\GameStateIntro.o||In function `ZN14GameStateIntroC2Ev':| C:\Program Files (x86)\CodeBlocks\MinGW\bin\..\lib\gcc\mingw32\3.4.5\..\..\..\..\include\c++\3.4.5\ext\new_allocator.h|69|undefined reference to `_Unwind_SjLj_Resume'| C:\MinGW\lib\libSDLmain.a(SDL_win32_main.o)||In function `redirect_output':| \Users\slouken\release\SDL\SDL-1.2.15\.\src\main\win32\SDL_win32_main.c|219|undefined reference to `SDL_strlcpy'| \Users\slouken\release\SDL\SDL-1.2.15\.\src\main\win32\SDL_win32_main.c|220|undefined reference to `SDL_strlcat'| \Users\slouken\release\SDL\SDL-1.2.15\.\src\main\win32\SDL_win32_main.c|243|undefined reference to `SDL_strlcpy'| \Users\slouken\release\SDL\SDL-1.2.15\.\src\main\win32\SDL_win32_main.c|244|undefined reference to `SDL_strlcat'| C:\MinGW\lib\libSDLmain.a(SDL_win32_main.o)||In function `console_main':| \Users\slouken\release\SDL\SDL-1.2.15\.\src\main\win32\SDL_win32_main.c|296|undefined reference to `SDL_strlcpy'| \Users\slouken\release\SDL\SDL-1.2.15\.\src\main\win32\SDL_win32_main.c|301|undefined reference to `SDL_GetError'| \Users\slouken\release\SDL\SDL-1.2.15\.\src\main\win32\SDL_win32_main.c|312|undefined reference to `SDL_SetModuleHandle'| C:\MinGW\lib\libSDLmain.a(SDL_win32_main.o)||In function `WinMain@16':| \Users\slouken\release\SDL\SDL-1.2.15\.\src\main\win32\SDL_win32_main.c|354|undefined reference to `SDL_getenv'| \Users\slouken\release\SDL\SDL-1.2.15\.\src\main\win32\SDL_win32_main.c|386|undefined reference to `SDL_strlcpy'| C:\MinGW\lib\libSDLmain.a(SDL_win32_main.o)||In function `cleanup':| \Users\slouken\release\SDL\SDL-1.2.15\.\src\main\win32\SDL_win32_main.c|158|undefined reference to `SDL_Quit'| **

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  • C++ Recursion Issue

    - by stupidmonkey
    Hi guys, I feel a little dumb asking this, but here we go... When trying to follow the Recursion example at the following website http://www.cplusplus.com/doc/tutorial/functions2/, I ran into a road bump that has me perplexed. I altered the code slightly just to get my head around the code in the recursion example and I pretty much have my head around it, but I can't figure out why the variable 'n' increments in 'Pass B' when I have not told the program to increment 'n'. Could you please help explain this? #include <stdlib.h> #include <iostream> using namespace std; long factorial (long n) { if (n > 1) { long r(0); cout << "Pass A" << endl; cout << "n = " << n << endl; cout << "r = " << r << endl; r = n * factorial (n-1); cout << "Pass B" << endl; cout << "n = " << n << endl; cout << "r = " << r << endl; return (r); } else return (1); } int main () { long number; cout << "Please type a number: "; cin >> number; cout << number << "! = " << factorial (number) << endl; system ("pause"); return 0; }

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  • C++ vector pointer/reference problem

    - by sub
    Please take a look at this example: #include <iostream> #include <vector> #include <string> using namespace std; class mySubContainer { public: string val; }; class myMainContainer { public: mySubContainer sub; }; void doSomethingWith( myMainContainer &container ) { container.sub.val = "I was modified"; } int main( ) { vector<myMainContainer> vec; /** * Add test data */ myMainContainer tempInst; tempInst.sub.val = "foo"; vec.push_back( tempInst ); tempInst.sub.val = "bar"; vec.push_back( tempInst ); // 1000 lines of random code here int i; int size = vec.size( ); myMainContainer current; for( i = 0; i < size; i ++ ) { cout << i << ": Value before='" << vec.at( i ).sub.val << "'" << endl; current = vec.at( i ); doSomethingWith( current ); cout << i << ": Value after='" << vec.at( i ).sub.val << "'" << endl; } system("pause");//i suck } A hell lot of code for an example, I know. Now so you don't have to spend years thinking about what this [should] do[es]: I have a class myMainContainer which has as its only member an instance of mySubContainer. mySubContainer only has a string val as member. So I create a vector and fill it with some sample data. Now, what I want to do is: Iterate through the vector and make a separate function able to modify the current myMainContainer in the vector. However, the vector remains unchanged as the output tells: 0: Value before='foo' 0: Value after='foo' 1: Value before='bar' 1: Value after='bar' What am I doing wrong? doSomethingWith has to return void, I can't let it return the modified myMainContainer and then just overwrite it in the vector, that's why I tried to pass it by reference as seen in the doSomethingWith definition above.

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  • c++ multithread array

    - by user1731972
    i'm doing something for fun, trying to learn multithreading Problems passing array by reference to threads but Arno pointed out that my threading via process.h wasn't going to be multi-threaded. What I'm hoping to do is something where I have an array of 100 (or 10,000, doesn't really matter I don't think), and split up the assignment of values to each thread. Example, 4 threads = 250 values per thread to be assigned. Then I can use this filled array for further calculations. Here's some code I was working on (which doesn't work) #include <process.h> #include <windows.h> #include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include <time.h> //#include <thread> using namespace std; void myThread (void *dummy ); CRITICAL_SECTION cs1,cs2; // global int main() { ofstream myfile; myfile.open ("coinToss.csv"); int rNum; long numRuns; long count = 0; int divisor = 1; float holder = 0; int counter = 0; float percent = 0.0; HANDLE hThread[1000]; int array[10000]; srand ( time(NULL) ); printf ("Runs (use multiple of 10)? "); cin >> numRuns; for (int i = 0; i < numRuns; i++) { //_beginthread( myThread, 0, (void *) (array1) ); //??? //hThread[i * 2] = _beginthread( myThread, 0, (void *) (array1) ); hThread[i*2] = _beginthread( myThread, 0, (void *) (array) ); } //WaitForMultipleObjects(numRuns * 2, hThread, TRUE, INFINITE); WaitForMultipleObjects(numRuns, hThread, TRUE, INFINITE); } void myThread (void *param ) { //thanks goes to stockoverflow //http://stackoverflow.com/questions/12801862/problems-passing-array-by-reference-to-threads int *i = (int *)param; for (int x = 0; x < 1000000; x++) { //param[x] = rand() % 2 + 1; i[x] = rand() % 2 + 1; } } Can anyone explain why it isn't working?

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  • [c++] upload image to imageshack

    - by cinek1lol
    Hi. I would like to send pictures via a program written in C + + I wrote such a thing using curl.exe WinExec("C:\\curl\\curl.exe -H Expect: -F \"fileupload=@C:\\curl\\ok.jpg\" -F \"xml=yes\" -# \"http://www.imageshack.us/index.php\" -o data.txt -A \"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.1) Gecko/20061204 Firefox/2.0.0.1\" -e \"http://www.imageshack.us\"", NULL); This only works that I would like to send pictures to a variable pre-loaded char (you know what I mean? first reads the pictures into a variable and then send that variable), because now I have to specify the path to the images on disk I wanted to make this program was written in C + + using the curl library, and not the exe. I found it such a program (which some have modified) #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <iostream> #include <curl/curl.h> #include <curl/types.h> #include <curl/easy.h> int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { CURL *curl; CURLcode res; struct curl_httppost *formpost=NULL; struct curl_httppost *lastptr=NULL; struct curl_slist *headerlist=NULL; static const char buf[] = "Expect:"; curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL); /* Fill in the file upload field */ curl_formadd(&formpost, &lastptr, CURLFORM_COPYNAME, "send", CURLFORM_FILE, "nowy.jpg", CURLFORM_END); curl_formadd(&formpost, &lastptr, CURLFORM_COPYNAME, "nowy.jpg", CURLFORM_COPYCONTENTS, "nowy.jpg", CURLFORM_END); curl_formadd(&formpost, &lastptr, CURLFORM_COPYNAME, "submit", CURLFORM_COPYCONTENTS, "send", CURLFORM_END); curl = curl_easy_init(); headerlist = curl_slist_append(headerlist, buf); if(curl) { curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, "http://www.imageshack.us/index.php"); if ( (argc == 2) && (!strcmp(argv[1], "xml=yes")) ) curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, headerlist); curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_HTTPPOST, formpost); res = curl_easy_perform(curl); curl_easy_cleanup(curl); curl_formfree(formpost); curl_slist_free_all (headerlist); } system("pause"); return 0; } I will be grateful for any help

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  • C++: Why does gcc prefer non-const over const when accessing operator[]?

    - by JonasW
    This question might be more appropriately asked regarding C++ in general, but as I am using gcc on linux that's the context. Consider the following program: #include <iostream> #include <map> #include <string> using namespace std; template <typename TKey, typename TValue> class Dictionary{ public: map<TKey, TValue> internal; TValue & operator[](TKey const & key) { cout << "operator[] with key " << key << " called " << endl; return internal[key]; } TValue const & operator[](TKey const & key) const { cout << "operator[] const with key " << key << " called " << endl; return internal.at(key); } }; int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { Dictionary<string, string> dict; dict["1"] = "one"; cout << "first one: " << dict["1"] << endl; return 0; } When executing the program, the output is: operator[] with key 1 called operator[] with key 1 called first one: one What I would like is to have the compiler choose the operator[]const method instead in the second call. The reason is that without having used dict["1"] before, the call to operator[] causes the internal map to create the data that does not exist, even if the only thing I wanted was to do some debugging output, which of course is a fatal application error. The behaviour I am looking for would be something like the C# index operator which has a get and a set operation and where you could throw an exception if the getter tries to access something that doesn't exist: class MyDictionary<TKey, TVal> { private Dictionary<TKey, TVal> dict = new Dictionary<TKey, TVal>(); public TVal this[TKey idx] { get { if(!dict.ContainsKey(idx)) throw KeyNotFoundException("..."); return dict[idx]; } set { dict[idx] = value; } } } Thus, I wonder why the gcc prefers the non-const call over the const call when non-const access is not required.

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  • What's the fastest lookup algorithm for a key, pair data structure (i.e, a map)?

    - by truncheon
    In the following example a std::map structure is filled with 26 values from A - Z (for key) and 0 – 26 for value. The time taken (on my system) to lookup the last entry (10000000 times) is roughly 250 ms for the vector, and 125 ms for the map. (I compiled using release mode, with O3 option turned on for g++ 4.4) But if for some odd reason I wanted better performance than the std::map, what data structures and functions would I need to consider using? I apologize if the answer seems obvious to you, but I haven't had much experience in the performance critical aspects of C++ programming. #include <ctime> #include <map> #include <vector> #include <iostream> struct mystruct { char key; int value; mystruct(char k = 0, int v = 0) : key(k), value(v) { } }; int find(const std::vector<mystruct>& ref, char key) { for (std::vector<mystruct>::const_iterator i = ref.begin(); i != ref.end(); ++i) if (i->key == key) return i->value; return -1; } int main() { std::map<char, int> mymap; std::vector<mystruct> myvec; for (int i = 'a'; i < 'a' + 26; ++i) { mymap[i] = i - 'a'; myvec.push_back(mystruct(i, i - 'a')); } int pre = clock(); for (int i = 0; i < 10000000; ++i) { find(myvec, 'z'); } std::cout << "linear scan: milli " << clock() - pre << "\n"; pre = clock(); for (int i = 0; i < 10000000; ++i) { mymap['z']; } std::cout << "map scan: milli " << clock() - pre << "\n"; return 0; }

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  • C++ Euler-Problem 14 Program Freezing

    - by Tim
    I'm working on Euler Problem 14: http://projecteuler.net/index.php?section=problems&id=14 I figured the best way would be to create a vector of numbers that kept track of how big the series was for that number... for example from 5 there are 6 steps to 1, so if ever reach the number 5 in a series, I know I have 6 steps to go and I have no need to calculate those steps. With this idea I coded up the following: #include <iostream> #include <vector> #include <iomanip> using namespace std; int main() { vector<int> sizes(1); sizes.push_back(1); sizes.push_back(2); int series, largest = 0, j; for (int i = 3; i <= 1000000; i++) { series = 0; j = i; while (j > (sizes.size()-1)) { if (j%2) { j=(3*j+1)/2; series+=2; } else { j=j/2; series++; } } series+=sizes[j]; sizes.push_back(series); if (series>largest) largest=series; cout << setw(7) << right << i << "::" << setw(5) << right << series << endl; } cout << largest << endl; return 0; } It seems to work relatively well for smaller numbers but this specific program stalls at the number 113382. Can anyone explain to me how I would go about figuring out why it freezes at this number? Is there some way I could modify my algorithim to be better? I realize that I am creating duplicates with the current way I'm doing it: for example, the series of 3 is 3,10,5,16,8,4,2,1. So I already figured out the sizes for 10,5,16,8,4,2,1 but I will duplicate those solutions later. Thanks for your help!

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  • Long numbers. Division.

    - by user577395
    Hello, world! I have a problem. Today I tried to create a code, which finds Catalan number. But in my program can be long numbers. I found numerator and denominator. But i can't div long numbers! Also, only standard libraries was must use in this program. Help me please. This is my code #include <vector> #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { const int base = 1000*1000*1000; vector <int> a, b; int n, carry = 0; cin>>n; a.push_back(n); for (int ii=n+2; ii!=(2*n)+1;++ii) { carry = 0; for (size_t i=0; i<a.size() || carry; ++i) { if (i == a.size()) a.push_back (0); long long cur = carry + a[i] * 1ll * ii; a[i] = int (cur % base); carry = int (cur / base); } } while (a.size() > 1 && a.back() == 0) a.pop_back(); b.push_back(n); for (int ii=1; ii!=n+1;++ii) { carry = 0; for (size_t i=0; i<b.size() || carry; ++i) { if (i == b.size()) b.push_back (0); long long cur = carry + b[i] * 1ll * ii; b[i] = int (cur % base); carry = int (cur / base); } } while (b.size() > 1 && b.back() == 0) b.pop_back(); cout<<(a.empty() ? 0 : a.back()); for (int i=(int)a.size()-2; i>=0; --i) cout<<(a[i]); cout<<" "; cout<<(b.empty() ? 0 : b.back()); for (int i=(int)b.size()-2; i>=0; --i) cout<<(b[i]); //system("PAUSE"); cout<<endl; return 0; } P.S. Sorry for my bad english =)

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  • sigwait in Linux (Fedora 13) vs OS X

    - by Silas
    So I'm trying to create a signal handler using pthreads which works on both OS X and Linux. The code below works on OS X but doesn't work on Fedora 13. The application is fairly simple. It spawns a pthread, registers SIGHUP and waits for a signal. After spawning the signal handler I block SIGHUP in the main thread so the signal should only be sent to the signal_handler thread. On OS X this works fine, if I compile, run and send SIGHUP to the process it prints "Got SIGHUP". On Linux it just kills the process (and prints Hangup). If I comment out the signal_handler pthread_create the application doesn't die. I know the application gets to the sigwait and blocks but instead of return the signal code it just kills the application. I ran the test using the following commands: g++ test.cc -lpthread -o test ./test & PID="$!" sleep 1 kill -1 "$PID" test.cc #include <pthread.h> #include <signal.h> #include <iostream> using namespace std; void *signal_handler(void *arg) { int sig; sigset_t set; sigemptyset(&set); sigaddset(&set, SIGHUP); while (true) { cout << "Wait for signal" << endl; sigwait(&set, &sig); if (sig == SIGHUP) { cout << "Got SIGHUP" << endl; } } } int main() { pthread_t handler; sigset_t set; // Create signal handler pthread_create(&handler, NULL, signal_handler, NULL); // Ignore SIGHUP in main thread sigfillset(&set); sigaddset(&set, SIGHUP); pthread_sigmask(SIG_BLOCK, &set, NULL); for (int i = 1; i < 5; i++) { cout << "Sleeping..." << endl; sleep(1); } pthread_join(handler, NULL); return 0; }

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  • Do While loop breaks after incorrect input?

    - by Daminkz
    I am trying to have a loop continue to prompt the user for an option. When I get a string of characters instead of an int, the program loops indefinitely. I have tried setting the variable result to NULL, clearing the input stream, and have enclosed in try{}catch blocks (not in this example). Can anyone explain to me why this is? #include <iostream> #include <vector> #include <string> using namespace std; int menu(string question, vector<string> options) { int result; cout << question << endl; for(int i = 0; i < options.size(); i++) { cout << '[' << i << ']' << options[i] << endl; } bool ans = false; do { cin >> result; cin.ignore(1000, 10); if (result < options.size() ) { ans = true; } else { cout << "You must enter a valid option." << endl; result = NULL; ans = false; } } while(!ans); return result; } int main() { string menuQuestion = "Welcome to my game. What would you like to do?"; vector<string> mainMenu; mainMenu.push_back("Play Game"); mainMenu.push_back("Load Game"); mainMenu.push_back("About"); mainMenu.push_back("Exit"); int result = menu(menuQuestion, mainMenu); cout << "You entered: " << result << endl; return 0; }

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  • C++ - Error: expected unqualified-id before ‘using’

    - by Francisco P.
    Hello, everyone. I am having some trouble on a project I'm working on. Here's the header file for the calor class: #ifndef _CALOR_ #define _CALOR_ #include "gradiente.h" using namespace std; class Calor : public Gradiente { public: Calor(); Calor(int a); ~Calor(); int getTemp(); int getMinTemp(); void setTemp(int a); void setMinTemp(int a); void mostraSensor(); }; #endif When I try to compile it: calor.h|6|error: expected unqualified-id before ‘using’| Why does this happen? I've been searching online and learned this error occurs mostly due to corrupted included files. Makes no sense to me, though. This class inherits from gradiente: #ifndef _GRADIENTE_ #define _GRADIENTE_ #include "sensor.h" using namespace std; class Gradiente : public Sensor { protected: int vActual, vMin; public: Gradiente(); ~Gradiente(); } #endif Which in turn inherits from sensor #ifndef _SENSOR_ #define _SENSOR_ #include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include <string> #include "definicoes.h" using namespace std; class Sensor { protected: int tipo; int IDsensor; bool estadoAlerta; bool estadoActivo; static int numSensores; public: Sensor(/*PARAMETROS*/); Sensor(ifstream &); ~Sensor(); int getIDsensor(); bool getEstadoAlerta(); bool getEstadoActivo(); void setEstadoAlerta(int a); void setEstadoActivo(int a); virtual void guardaSensor(ofstream &); virtual void mostraSensor(); // FUNÇÃO COMUM /* virtual int funcaoComum() = 0; virtual int funcaoComum(){return 0;};*/ }; #endif For completeness' sake, here's definicoes.h #ifndef _DEFINICOES_ #define _DEFINICOES_ const unsigned int SENSOR_MOVIMENTO = 0; const unsigned int SENSOR_SOM = 1; const unsigned int SENSOR_PRESSAO = 2; const unsigned int SENSOR_CALOR = 3; const unsigned int SENSOR_CONTACTO = 4; const unsigned int MIN_MOVIMENTO = 10; const unsigned int MIN_SOM = 10; const unsigned int MIN_PRESSAO = 10; const unsigned int MIN_CALOR = 35; #endif Any help'd be much appreciated. Thank you for your time. Thanks for your time!

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  • fill an array with Int like a Char; C++, cin object

    - by Duknov007
    This is a pretty simple question; first time poster and long time looker. Here is my binary to decimal converter I wrote: #include <iostream> #include <cmath> using namespace std; const int MAX = 6; int conv(int z[MAX], int l[6], int MAX); int main() { int zelda[MAX]; const int d = 6; int link[d]; cout << "Enter a binary number: \n"; int i = 0; while (i < MAX && (cin >> zelda[i]).get()) //input loop { ++i; } cout << conv(zelda, link, MAX); cin.get(); return 0; } int conv(int zelda[MAX], int link[6], int MAX) { int sum = 0; for (int t = 0; t < MAX; t++) { long int h, i; for (int h = 5, i = 0; h >= 0; --h, ++i) if (zelda[t] == 1) link[h] = pow(2.0, i); else link[h] = 0; sum += link[t]; } return sum; } With the way the input loop is being handled, I have to press enter after each input of a number. I haven't added any error correction yet either (and some of my variables are vague), but would like to enter a binary say 111111 instead of 1 enter, 1 enter, 1 enter, etc to fill the array. I am open to any technique and other suggestions. Maybe input it as a string and convert it to an int? I will keep researching. Thanks.

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  • glReadPixels() returning non-accurate value

    - by max
    I'm trying to implement the flood fill algorithm. But glReadPixels() is returning float RGB values of a pixel which are slightly different from the actual value set by me, causing the algorithm to fail. Why is this happening? Outputting returned RGB values to check. #include<iostream> #include<GL/glut.h> using namespace std; float boundaryColor[3]={0,0,0}, interiorColor[3]={0,0,0.5}, fillColor[3]={1,0,0}; float readPixel[3]; void init(void) { glClearColor(0,0,0.5,0); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); gluOrtho2D(0,500,0,500); } void setPixel(int x,int y) { glColor3fv(fillColor); glBegin(GL_POINTS); glVertex2f(x,y); glEnd(); } void getPixel(int x, int y, float *color) { glReadPixels(x,y,1,1,GL_RGB,GL_FLOAT,color); } void floodFill(int x,int y) { getPixel(x,y,readPixel); //outputting values here to check cout<<readPixel[0]<<endl; cout<<readPixel[1]<<endl; cout<<readPixel[2]<<endl; if( readPixel[0]==interiorColor[0] && readPixel[1]==interiorColor[1] && readPixel[2]==interiorColor[2] ) { setPixel(x,y); floodFill(x+1,y); floodFill(x,y+1); floodFill(x-1,y); floodFill(x,y-1); } } void display() { glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); glColor3fv(boundaryColor); glLineWidth(3); glBegin(GL_LINE_STRIP); glVertex2i(150,150); glVertex2i(150,350); glVertex2i(350,350); glVertex2i(350,150); glVertex2i(150,150); glEnd(); floodFill(200,200); glFlush(); } int main(int argc,char** argv) { glutInit(&argc,argv); glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB); glutInitWindowPosition(100,100); glutInitWindowSize(500,500); glutCreateWindow("Flood fill"); init(); glutDisplayFunc(display); glutMainLoop(); }

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  • C++ class is not recognizing string data type

    - by reallythecrash
    I'm working on a program from my C++ textbook, and this this the first time I've really run into trouble. I just can't seem to see what is wrong here. Visual Studio is telling me Error: identifier "string" is undefined. I separated the program into three files. A header file for the class specification, a .cpp file for the class implementation and the main program file. These are the instructions from my book: Write a class named Car that has the following member variables: year. An int that holds the car's model year. make. A string that holds the make of the car. speed. An int that holds the car's current speed. In addition, the class should have the following member functions. Constructor. The constructor should accept the car's year and make as arguments and assign these values to the object's year and make member variables. The constructor should initialize the speed member variable to 0. Accessors. Appropriate accessor functions should be created to allow values to be retrieved from an object's year, make and speed member variables. There are more instructions, but they are not necessary to get this part to work. Here is my source code: // File Car.h -- Car class specification file #ifndef CAR_H #define CAR_H class Car { private: int year; string make; int speed; public: Car(int, string); int getYear(); string getMake(); int getSpeed(); }; #endif // File Car.cpp -- Car class function implementation file #include "Car.h" // Default Constructor Car::Car(int inputYear, string inputMake) { year = inputYear; make = inputMake; speed = 0; } // Accessors int Car::getYear() { return year; } string Car::getMake() { return make; } int Car::getSpeed() { return speed; } // Main program #include <iostream> #include <string> #include "Car.h" using namespace std; int main() { } I haven't written anything in the main program yet, because I can't get the class to compile. I've only linked the header file to the main program. Thanks in advance to all who take the time to investigate this problem for me.

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