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  • What are the lengths/limits C preprocessor as a language creation tool? Where can I learn more about

    - by Weston C
    In his FAQ @ http://www2.research.att.com/~bs/bs_faq.html#bootstrapping, Bjarne Stroustrup says: To build [Cfront, the first C++ compiler], I first used C to write a "C with Classes"-to-C preprocessor. "C with Classes" was a C dialect that became the immediate ancestor to C++... I then wrote the first version of Cfront in "C with Classes". When I read this, it piqued my interest in the C preprocessor. I'd seen its macro capabilities as suitable for simplifying common expressions but hadn't thought about its ability to significantly add to syntax and semantics on the level that I imagine bringing classes to C took. So now I have a couple of questions on my mind: 1) Are there other examples of this approach to bootstrapping a language off of C? 2) Is the source to Stroustrup's original work available anywhere? 3) Where could I learn more about the specifics of utilizing this technique? 4) What are the lengths/limits of that approach? Could one, say, create a set of preprocessor macros that let someone write in something significantly Lisp/Scheme like?

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  • Base class with abstract subclasses in C# ?

    - by Nick Brooks
    public abstract class Request { public class Parameters { //Threre are no members here //But there should be in inherited classes } public Request() { parameters = new Parameters(); } public Parameters parameters; } Two questions: How do I make it so I can add stuff to the constructor but the original constructor will still be executed? How do I make it so the subclasses can add members to the Parameters class?

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  • How to restrict an access to some of the functions at third level in Classes (OOPs)

    - by Shantanu Gupta
    I have created a class say A which has some functions defined as protected. Now Class B inherits A and class C inherits B. Class A has private default constructor and protected parameterized constructor. I want Class B to be able to access all the protected functions defined in Class A but class C can have access on some of the functions only not all the functions and class C is inheriting class B. How can I restrict access to some of the functions of Class A from Class C ? Class A { private A(){} protected A(int ){} } Class B : A {} CLass C:B { }

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  • What performance overhead do IoC containers involve?

    - by Sosh
    Hi, Loose coupling is wonderful of course, but I have often wondered what overhead wiring up dynamically using an IoC container (for example Castle Windsor) has over a tightly coupled system? I know that a detailed answer would depend on what the IoC was being used for, but I'm really just trying to get a feel for the magnitude of effort involved in the IoC work. Does anyone have any stats or other resources regarding this? Thanks

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  • Invoicing vs Quoting or Estimating

    - by FreshCode
    If invoices can be voided, should they be used as quotations? I have an Invoices tables that is created from inventory associated with a Job or Order. I could have a Quotes table as a halfway-house between inventory and invoices, but it feels like I would have duplicate data structures and logic just to handle an "Is this a quote?" bit. From a business perspective, quotes are different from invoices: a quote is sent prior to an undertaking and an invoice is sent once it is complete and payment is due, but how to represent this in my repository and model. What is an elegant way to store and manage quotes & invoices in a database? Edit: indicated Job === Order for this particular instance.

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  • Passing an array for setting variable

    - by mathk
    Hi, I often see this idiom when reading php code: public function __construct($config) { if (array_key_exists('options', $config)) { ... } if (array_key_exists('driver_options', $config)) { ... } } Here I am concern with the way the parameter is used. If I were in lisp I would do: (defun ct (&key options driver_options) (do-something-with-option-and-driver_option)) But since I am in PHP I would rather have a constructor that take a list of parameter and let them be null if there a not require. So what do you guys think about having an array as parameter in other to do some initialization-or-whatever? In other to answer you have to take in account the point of view of the user of the function and the designer of the API. Also have you ever heard this has a code-smell? thanks

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  • Handling Dialogs in WPF with MVVM

    - by Ray Booysen
    In the MVVM pattern for WPF, handling dialogs is one of the more complex operations. As your view model does not know anything about the view, dialog communication can be interesting. I can expose an ICommand that when the view invokes it, a dialog can appear. Does anyone know of a good way to handle results from dialogs? I am speaking about windows dialogs such as MessageBox. One of the ways we did this was have an event on the viewmodel that the view would subscribe to when a dialog was required. public event EventHandler<MyDeleteArgs> RequiresDeleteDialog; This is OK, but it means that the view requires code which is something I would like to stay away from.

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  • Circular dependency with generics

    - by devoured elysium
    I have defined the following interface: public interface IStateSpace<State, Action> where State : IState where Action : IAction<State, Action> // <-- this is the line that bothers me { void SetValueAt(State state, Action action); Action GetValueAt(State state); } Basically, an IStateSpace interface should be something like a chess board, and in each position of the chess board you have a set of possible movements to do. Those movements here are called IActions. I have defined this interface this way so I can accommodate for different implementations: I can then define concrete classes that implement 2D matrix, 3D matrix, graphs, etc. public interface IAction<State, Action> { IStateSpace<State, Action> StateSpace { get; } } An IAction, would be to move up(this is, if in (2, 2) move to (2, 1)), move down, etc. Now, I'll want that each action has access to a StateSpace so it can do some checking logic. Is this implementation correct? Or is this a bad case of a circular dependence? If yes, how to accomplish "the same" in a different way? Thanks

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  • How to develop Online Shopping Portal Application using PHP ?

    - by Sarang
    I do not know PHP & I have to develop a Shopping Portal with following Definition : Scenario: Online Shopping Portal XYZ.com wants to create an online shopping portal for managing its registered customers and their shopping. The customers need to register themselves first before they do shopping using the shopping portal. However, everyone, whether registered or not, can view the various products along with the prices listed in the portal. The registered customers, after logging in, are allowed to place order for one or more products from the products listed in the portal. Once the order is placed, the customer gets a reference order number and the order status should be “order in process”. The customers can track their order using the given reference number. The management of XYZ.com should be able to modify the order status of a particular reference order number to “shipped” once the products are shipped to the shipping address entered by the customer at the time of placing the order. The Functionalities required are : Create the interface for the XYZ.com shopping portal using HTML/XHTML and CSS. Implement the client side validations using JavaScript. Create the tables using MySQL. Implement the functionality using the server side scripting language, PHP. Integrate all the above tasks and make the XYZ.com shopping portal functional. How do I develop this application with following proper steps of development ?

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  • C# Virtual method call in constructor - how to refactor?

    - by Cristi Diaconescu
    I have an abstract class for database-agnostic cursor actions. Derived from that, there are classes that implement the abstract methods for handling database-specific stuff. The problem is, the base class ctor needs to call an abstract method - when the ctor is called, it needs to initialize the database-specific cursor. I know why this shouldn't be done, I don't need that explanation! This is my first implementation, that obviously doesn't work - it's the textbook "wrong way" of doing it. The overridden method accesses a field from the derived class, which is not yet instantiated: public abstract class CursorReader { private readonly int m_rowCount; protected CursorReader() { m_rowCount = CreateCursor(sqlCmd); //virtual call ! } protected abstract int CreateCursor(string sqlCmd); } public class SqlCursorReader : CursorReader { private SqlConnection m_sqlConnection; public SqlCursorReader(string sqlCmd, SqlConnection sqlConnection) { m_sqlConnection = sqlConnection; //field initialized here } protected override int CreateCursor(string sqlCmd) { //uses not-yet-initialized member *m_sqlConnection* //so this throws a NullReferenceException var cursor = new CustomCursor(sqlCmd, m_sqlConnection); return cursor.Count(); } } I will follow up with an answer on my attempts to fix this...

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  • Is there any danger in committing to a component library such as SmartGwt or Swing?

    - by Banang
    Since February this year I have been working on an app that's built using SmartGWT components. Generally, I find the components very nice to work with, and the fact that they're open source and free to use is just fantastic. However, I can't seem to shake the feeling that it's not a durable way of developing, but I can't quite explain why. Maybe it's because I know that any minute now the team developing it could decide to stop, which would leave me and my team in a bit of a pickle, but I'm sure there must be something more. I have been trying to find ways of explaining this feeling to myself, but to no avail. Therefore I turn to you, dear community, to ask if you can come up with a good reason why committing to building your app (that's supposed to be around for many more years to come) using a component library such as SmartGWT is a bad idea? Is there any reason I should just have developed the components myself? Or did I make the right choice when deciding not to reinvent the wheel and just go for what was readily available?

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  • Is there any way to provide custom factory for .Net Framework creation Entities from EF4 ?

    - by ILICH
    There are a lot of posts about how cool POCO objects are and how Entity Framework 4 supports them. I decided to try it out with domain driven development oriented architecture and finished with domain entities that has dependencies from services. So far so good. Imagine my Products are POCO objects. When i query for objects like this: NorthwindContext db = new NorthwindContext(); var products = db.Products.ToList(); EF creates instances of products for me. Now I want to inject dependencies in my POCO objects (products) The only way I see is make some method within NorthwindContext that makes something like pseudo-code below: public List<Product> GetProducts(){ var products = database.Products.ToList(); container.BuildUp(products); //inject dependencies return products; } But what if i want to make my repository to be more flexible like this: public ObjectSet<Product> GetProducts() { ... } So, I really need a factory to make it more lazy and linq friendly. Please help !

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  • Is it OK to re-create many SQL connections (SQL 2008)

    - by Mr. Flibble
    When performing many inserts into a database I would usually have code like this: using (var connection = new SqlConnection(connStr)) { connection.Open(); foreach (var item in items) { var cmd = new SqlCommand("INSERT ...") cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); } } I now want to shard the database and therefore need to choose the connection string based on the item being inserted. This would make my code run more like this foreach (var item in items) { connStr = GetConnectionString(item); using (var connection = new SqlConnection(connStr)) { connection.Open(); var cmd = new SqlCommand("INSERT ...") cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); } } Which basically means it's creating a new connection to the database for each item. Will this work or will recreating connections for each insert cause terrible overhead?

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  • Working with foreign keys - cannot insert

    - by Industrial
    Hi everyone! Doing my first tryouts with foreign keys in a mySQL database and are trying to do a insert, that fails for this reason: Integrity constraint violation: 1452 Cannot add or update a child row: a foreign key constraint fails Does this mean that foreign keys restrict INSERTS as well as DELETES and/or UPDATES on each table that is enforced with foreign keys relations? Thanks! Updated description: Products ---------------------------- id | type ---------------------------- 0 | 0 1 | 3 ProductsToCategories ---------------------------- productid | categoryid ---------------------------- 0 | 0 1 | 1 Product table has following structure CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `alpha`.`products` ( `id` MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT , `type` TINYINT(2) UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 , PRIMARY KEY (`id`) , CONSTRAINT `prodsku` FOREIGN KEY (`id` ) REFERENCES `alpha`.`productsToSku` (`product` ) ON DELETE CASCADE, ON UPDATE CASCADE) ENGINE = InnoDB;

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  • Data Access Layer in ASP.Net: Where do I create the Connection?

    - by atticae
    If I want to create a 3-Layer ASP.Net application (Presentation Layer, Business Layer, Data Access Layer), where is the best place to create the Connection objects? So far I used a helper class in my Presentation Layer to create an IDbCommand from the ConnectionString in the web.config on each page and passed it on to the DAL classes/methods. Now I am not so sure, if this part shouldn't also be included in the DAL somehow, because it obviously is part of the Data Access. The DAL is in a separately compilated project, so I dont have access to the web.config and cannot access the connection string (right?). What is the best practice here?

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  • How should rules for Aggregate Roots be enforced?

    - by MylesRip
    While searching the web, I came across a list of rules from Eric Evans' book that should be enforced for aggregates: The root Entity has global identity and is ultimately responsible for checking invariants Root Entities have global identity. Entities inside the boundary have local identity, unique only within the Aggregate. Nothing outside the Aggregate boundary can hold a reference to anything inside, except to the root Entity. The root Entity can hand references to the internal Entities to other objects, but they can only use them transiently (within a single method or block). Only Aggregate Roots can be obtained directly with database queries. Everything else must be done through traversal. Objects within the Aggregate can hold references to other Aggregate roots. A delete operation must remove everything within the Aggregate boundary all at once When a change to any object within the Aggregate boundary is committed, all invariants of the whole Aggregate must be satisfied. This all seems fine in theory, but I don't see how these rules would be enforced in the real world. Take rule 3 for example. Once the root entity has given an exteral object a reference to an internal entity, what's to keep that external object from holding on to the reference beyond the single method or block? (If the enforcement of this is platform-specific, I would be interested in knowing how this would be enforced within a C#/.NET/NHibernate environment.)

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  • some confusions to singleton pattern in PHP

    - by SpawnCxy
    Hi all, In my team I've been told to write resource class like this style: class MemcacheService { private static $instance = null; private function __construct() { } public static function getInstance($fortest = false) { if (self::$instance == null) { self::$instance = new Memcached(); if ($fortest) { self::$instance->addServer(MEMTEST_HOST, MEMTEST_PORT); } else { self::$instance->addServer(MEM_HOST, MEM_PORT); } } return self::$instance; } } But I think in PHP resource handles will be released and initialized again every time after a request over. That means MemcacheService::getInstance() is totally equal new Memcached() which cannot be called singleton pattern at all. Please correct me if I'm wrong. Regards

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  • Refactoring tools for namespaces and physical project structure

    - by simendsjo
    When I hack around, some code tend to get much bigger than originally planned. As this happens I usually introduce/collapse/merge namespaces, move files between them, move folders etc etc. Sometimes, if I don't have a clear picture of the end result, this is a real pain and really easy to just "skip". This leads the project deteriorate where classes belong elsewhere, strange namespaces, no folders/wrong folders etc. And then I usually cannot take it anymore and do a larger cleanup - which is usually not difficult, just very tedious and it feels nice to do everything at once, so I do a code freeze while finishing up. So my question is... Are there any tools to help refactoring the namespace/physical aspects of a project?

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  • Getters and Setters: Code smell, Necessary Evil, or Can't Live Without Them [closed]

    - by Avery Payne
    Possible Duplicate: Allen Holub wrote “You should never use get/set functions”, is he correct? Is there a good, no, a very good reason, to go through all the trouble of using getters and setters for object-oriented languages? What's wrong with just using a direct reference to a property or method? Is there some kind of "semantical coverup" that people don't want to talk about in polite company? Was I just too tired and fell asleep when someone walked out and said "Thou Shalt Write Copious Amounts of Code to Obtain Getters and Setters"? Follow-up after a year: It seems to be a common occurrence with Java, less so with Python. I'm beginning to wonder if this is more of a cultural phenomena (related to the limitations of the language) rather than "sage advice". The -1 question score is complete for-the-lulz as far as I am concerned. It's interesting that there are specific questions that are downvoted, not because they are "bad questions", but rather, because they hit someone's raw nerve.

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  • When using a HiLo ID generation strategy, what types should be used to hold Ids?

    - by UpTheCreek
    I'm asking this from a c#/NHibnernate perspective, but it's generally applicable. The concern is that the HiLo strategy goes though id's pretty quickly, and for example a low record-count table (Such as Users) is sharing from the same set of id's as a high record-count table (Such as comments). So you can potentially get to high numbers quicker that with other strategies. So what do people recommend? Code side: int/uint/long/ulong? DBSide: int/bigint? My feeling is to go with longs and bigingts, but would like a sanity check :)

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  • Database localization

    - by Don
    Hi, I have a number of database tables that contain name and description columns which need to be localized. My initial attempt at designing a DB schema that would support this was something like: product ------- id name description local_product ------- id product_id local_name local_description locale_id locale ------ id locale However, this solution requires a new local_ table for every table that contains name and description columns that require localization. In an attempt to avoid this overhead I redesigned the schema so that only a single localization table is needed product ------- id localization_id localization ------- id local_name local_description locale_id locale ------ id locale Here's an example of the data which would be stored in this schema when there are 2 tables (product and country) requiring localization: country id, localization_id ----------------------- 1, 5 product id, localization_id ----------------------- 1, 2 localization id, local_name, local_description, locale_id ------------------------------------------------------ 2, apple, a delicious fruit, 2 2, pomme, un fruit délicieux, 3 2, apfel, ein köstliches Obst, 4 5, ireland, a small country, 2 5, irlande, un petite pay, 3 locale id, locale -------------- 2, en 3, fr 4, de Notice that the compound primary key of the localization table is (id, locale_id), but the foreign key in the product table only refers to the first element of this compound PK. This seems like 'a bad thing' from the POV of normalization. Is there any way I can fix this problem, or alternatively, is there a completely different schema that supports localization without creating a separate table for each localizable table? Update: A number of respondents have proposed a solution that requires creating a separate table for each localizable table. However, this is precisely what I'm trying to avoid. The schema I've proposed above almost solves the problem to my satisfaction, but I'm unhappy about the fact that the localization_id foreign keys only refer to part of the corresponding primary key in the localization table. Thanks, Don

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  • Would ViewModels fit in the Model View Presenter pattern?

    - by Jonn
    Having used ViewModels in MVC, I was wondering if applying the same to the MVP pattern is practical. I only have a few considerations, one being that MVP is already fairly hard to implement (with all the additional coding, not much on the seeming complexity) or that ViewModels already have a slightly similar way of modeling data or entities. Would adding another layer in the form of ViewModels be redundant or is it a logical abstraction that I, as one implementing the MVP pattern, should adhere to?

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