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  • Windows Server firewall asking for advice

    - by George2
    Hello everyone, I have Windows Server 2003/2008 machine, and I deployed some application on this machine. I want to put this machine in a sandbox environment, which means I want this machine to be able to access only proxy/gateway, its private used SQL Server database server, and I want to avoid network access from this machine to other machines in lab server room. Any easy solutions? BTW: my current environment is, I have a server which runs some Beta software in a Lab server room. It connects internet through proxy/gateway. Since the software is Beta, I want to reduce the risk of being hacked from internet and controlled by hacking sofwtare to attack my other servers in the same Lab server. thanks in advance, George

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  • Intel Core i7-4960HQ vs. 4850HQ (Haswell) [on hold]

    - by Timothy R. Butler
    I'm looking at the new MacBook Pros and trying to decide between the Core i7-4960HQ (2.6 GHz) and i7-4850 (2.3 GHz). I've found some synthetic benchmarks comparing them, but I haven't found a lot of data, so I'd appreciate any pointers to good comparisons for the Haswell family (especially these two processors). My cursory analysis seems to suggest there isn't a huge gain from the extra 300 MHz. I'd like to determine not only whether this is generally true, but also to figure out if the gains that are made in performance come at too high of cost. Is the 2.6 going to be pushing the limits of what can fit in a thin laptop without overheating? I've looked at some of Intel's documentation, but have not been able to determine what the normal and maximum operating temperature differences are for the models. In the past, there have been times that Intel's fastest models in a given range ran especially hot and/or consumed significantly more power compared to slightly slower models. Do those concerns factor into the current generation?

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  • Auto-Attach EBS-volume to a New Spot Instance?

    - by Jeff
    I am experimenting with EC2 spot instances, and am needing some data to be retained between terminations. Now as I understand it, when the current price goes above my max. bid, it will be automatically terminated. I assume any init scripts I have will be run on shutdown so I can push data off to the EBS before unmounting. My question is, how can I automatically mount the same EBS volume on the new spot instance once the price goes down, since it won't have any of my init scripts that I would've loaded onto the root volume the first time? Do I have to create a custom AMI, or is there some other way to achieve this?

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  • Unable to Install VirtualBox Due to Missing Kernel Module

    - by SoftTimur
    I am trying to install VirtualBox on my Ubuntu. I first tried to sudo apt-get install virtualbox-ose in a terminal, but after the configuration step, it fails with an error: No suitable module for running kernel found When proceeding with starting virtualbox, I get this error: WARNING: The character device /dev/vboxdrv does not exist. Please install the virtualbox-ose-dkms package and the appropriate headers, most likely linux-headers-generic. You will not be able to start VMs until this problem is fixed. So I tried the package from http://www.virtualbox.org/, but starting VirtualBox fails with: WARNING: The vboxdrv kernel module is not loaded. Either there is no module available for the current kernel (2.6.38-8-generic-pae) or it failed to load. Please recompile the kernel module and install it by sudo /etc/init.d/vboxdrv setup You will not be able to start VMs until this problem is fixed. So I ran sudo /etc/init.d/vboxdrv setup, but it fails too: * Stopping VirtualBox kernel modules [ OK ] * Uninstalling old VirtualBox DKMS kernel modules [ OK ] * Trying to register the VirtualBox kernel modules using DKMS Error! Your kernel headers for kernel 2.6.38-8-generic-pae cannot be found at /lib/modules/2.6.38-8-generic-pae/build or /lib/modules/2.6.38-8-generic-pae/source. * Failed, trying without DKMS * Recompiling VirtualBox kernel modules * Look at /var/log/vbox-install.log to find out what went wrong The contents of /var/log/vbox-install.log. As I am stuck, I also tried to install kernel-devel with yum, still fruitless: root@ubuntu# yum install kernel-devel Setting up Install Process No package kernel-devel available. Nothing to do Now I've no idea how to correct this. Any ideas?

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  • SyncToBlog #11 Stuff and more stuff

    - by Eric Nelson
    Just getting more stuff “down on paper” which grabbed my attention over the last couple of weeks. http://www.koodibook.com/ is live. This is a a rich desktop application built in WPF by some ex-colleagues and current friends :-) Check it out if “photo books” is your thing or you like sweet WPF UX. Study rates Microsoft .NET Framework rated top, Ruby on Rails 2nd bottom. I know a bit about both of these frameworks. Both are sweet for different reasons. .NET top. Ok – I liked that. But Ruby on Rails 2nd bottom just blows away the credibility of the survey results for me. Stylecop is going Open Source. Sweet. ”…will be taking code submissions from the open source community” VMforce for running Java in the cloud. Hmmmmm… Windows Azure Guidance Code and Docs available on patterns and practices. Download both zip files. – One is just the code and the other is 7 chapters of the guide to migration. UK Architect Insight Conference post event presentations are here including a full day track of cloud stuff. http://uxkit.cloudapp.net/ This appears to be a well-kept secret but the Silverlight Demo Kit is on-line in Windows Azure. You already knew! Ok – just me then :-) 3 day Silverlight Masterclass training in the UK from people I trust and like :-) http://silverlightmasterclass.net/ (£995) SQL Server Driver for PHP 2.0 CTP adds PHP's PDO style data access for SQL Server/SQL Azure A Domain Oriented N-Layered .NET 4.0 App Sample from Microsoft Spain. Not looked at it yet – but had it recommended to me (tx Torkil Pedersen) You might also want to check out delicious stream – a blur of azure, ruby and gaming right now http://delicious.com/ericnel :-)

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  • Xcopy /exclude does not exclude some of the specified criteria

    - by Richard Z.
    Good afternoon. I want xcopy to copy all files meeting a certain criteria located in the C drive to a specific folder, except ones located in the directories specified in excl.txt. The exclusions only work partially - the files located in %systemroot%, %programfiles% and in each profile's appdata are still copied, even though those directories are listed in excl.txt. How do I make xcopy skip those directories, preferentially still using environment vars to specify the paths? My current syntax is: xcopy /s /c /d /h /i /r /y /g /f /EXCLUDE:excl.txt %systemdrive%\*.doc f:\test\ excl.txt currently contains the following: \%temp%\ \%userprofile%\appdata \%programfiles%\ \%programfiles(x86)%\ \%systemroot%\ \%programdata%\ appdata windows %programfiles% Thank you very much.

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  • Going Paperless

    - by Jesse
    One year ago I came to work for a company where the entire development team is 100% “remote”; we’re spread over 3 time zones and each of us works from home. This seems to be an increasingly popular way for people to work and there are many articles and blog posts out there enumerating the advantages and disadvantages of working this way. I had read a lot about telecommuting before accepting this job and felt as if I had a pretty decent idea of what I was getting into, but I’ve encountered a few things over the past year that I did not expect. Among the most surprising by-products of working from home for me has been a dramatic reduction in the amount of paper that I use on a weekly basis. Hoarding In The Workplace Prior to my current telecommute job I worked in what most would consider pretty traditional office environments. I sat in cubicles furnished with an enormous plastic(ish) modular desks, had a mediocre (at best) PC workstation, and had ready access to a seemingly endless supply of legal pads, pens, staplers and paper clips. The ready access to paper, countless conference room meetings, and abundance of available surface area on my desk and in drawers created a perfect storm for wasting paper. I brought a pad of paper with me to every meeting I ever attended, scrawled some brief notes, and then tore that sheet off to keep next to my keyboard to follow up on any needed action items. Once my immediate need for the notes was fulfilled, that sheet would get shuffled off into a corner of my desk or filed away in a drawer “just in case”. I would guess that for all of the notes that I ever filed away, I might have actually had to dig up and refer to 2% of them (and that’s probably being very generous). That said, on those rare occasions that I did have to dig something up from old notes, it was usually pretty important and I ended up being very glad that I saved them. It was only when I would leave a job or move desks that I would finally gather all those notes together and take them to shredding bin to be disposed of. When I left my last job the amount of paper I had accumulated over my three years there was absurd, and I knew coworkers who had substance-abuse caliber paper wasting addictions that made my bad habit look like nail-biting in comparison. A Product Of My Environment I always hated using all of this paper, but simply couldn’t bring myself to stop. It would look bad if I showed up to an important conference room meeting without a pad of paper. What if someone said something profound! Plus, everyone else always brought paper with them. If you saw someone walking down the hallway with a pad of paper in hand you knew they must be on their way to a conference room meeting. Some people even had fancy looking portfolio notebook sheaths that gave their legal pads all the prestige of a briefcase. No one ever worried about running out of fresh paper because there was an endless supply, and there certainly was no shortage of places to store and file used paper. In short, the traditional office was setup for using tons and tons of paper; it’s baked into the culture there. For that reason, it didn’t take long for me to kick the paper habit once I started working from home. In my home office, desk and drawer space are at a premium. I don’t have the budget (or the tolerance) for huge modular office furniture in my spare bedroom. I also no longer have access to a bottomless pit of office supplies stock piled in cabinets and closets. If I want to use some paper, I have to go out and buy it. Finally (and most importantly), all of the meetings that I have to attend these days are “virtual”. We use instant messaging, VOIP, video conferencing, and e-mail to communicate with each other. All I need to take notes during a meeting is my computer, which I happen to be sitting right in front of all day. I don’t have any hard numbers for this, but my gut feeling is that I actually take a lot more notes now than I ever did when I worked in an office. The big difference is I don’t have to use any paper to do so. This makes it far easier to keep important information safe and organized. The Right Tool For The Job When I first started working from home I tried to find a single application that would fill the gap left by the pen and paper that I always had at my desk when I worked in an office. Well, there are no silver bullets and I’ve evolved my approach over time to try and find the best tool for the job at hand. Here’s a quick summary of how I take notes and keep everything organized. Notepad++ – This is the first application I turn to when I feel like there’s some bit of information that I need to write down and save. I use Launchy, so opening Notepad++ and creating a new file only takes a few keystrokes. If I find that the information I’m trying to get down requires a more sophisticated application I escalate as needed. The Desktop – By default, I save every file or other bit of information to the desktop. Anyone who has ever had to fix their parents computer before knows that this is a dangerous game (any file my mother has ever worked on is saved directly to the desktop and rarely moves anywhere else). I agree that storing things on the desktop isn’t a great long term approach to keeping organized, which is why I treat my desktop a bit like my e-mail inbox. I strive to keep both empty (or as close to empty as I possibly can). If something is on my desktop, it means that it’s something relevant to a task or project that I’m currently working on. About once a week I take things that I’m not longer working on and put them into my ‘Notes’ folder. The ‘Notes’ Folder – As I work on a task, I tend to accumulate multiple files associated with that task. For example, I might have a bit of SQL that I’m working on to gather data for a new report, a quick C# method that I came up with but am not yet ready to commit to source control, a bulleted list of to-do items in a .txt file, etc. If the desktop starts to get too cluttered, I create a new sub-folder in my ‘Notes’ folder. Each sub-folder’s name is the current date followed by a brief description of the task or project. Then all files related to that task or project go into that sub folder. By using the date as the first part of the folder name, these folders are automatically sorted in reverse chronological order. This means that things I worked on recently will generally be near the top of the list. Using the built-in Windows search functionality I now have a pretty quick and easy way to try and find something that I worked on a week ago or six months ago. Dropbox – Dropbox is a free service that lets you store up to 2GB of files “in the cloud” and have those files synced to all of the different computers that you use. My ‘Notes’ folder lives in Dropbox, meaning that it’s contents are constantly backed up and are always available to me regardless of which computer I’m using. They also have a pretty decent iPhone application that lets you browse and view all of the files that you have stored there. The free 2GB edition is probably enough for just storing notes, but I also pay $99/year for the 50GB storage upgrade and keep all of my music, e-books, pictures, and documents in Dropbox. It’s a fantastic service and I highly recommend it. Evernote – I use Evernote mostly to organize information that I access on a fairly regular basis. For example, my Evernote account has a running grocery shopping list, recipes that my wife and I use a lot, and contact information for people I contact infrequently enough that I don’t want to keep them in my phone. I know some people that keep nearly everything in Evernote, but there’s something about it that I find a bit clunky, so I tend to use it sparingly. Google Tasks – One of my biggest paper wasting habits was keeping a running task-list next to my computer at work. Every morning I would sit down, look at my task list, cross off what was done and add new tasks that I thought of during my morning commute. This usually resulted in having to re-copy the task list onto a fresh sheet of paper when I was done. I still keep a running task list at my desk, but I’ve started using Google Tasks instead. This is a dead-simple web-based application for quickly adding, deleting, and organizing tasks in a simple checklist style. You can quickly move tasks up and down on the list (which I use for prioritizing), and even create sub-tasks for breaking down larger tasks into smaller pieces. Balsamiq Mockups – This is a simple and lightweight tool for creating drawings of user interfaces. It’s great for sketching out a new feature, brainstorm the layout of a interface, or even draw up a quick sequence diagram. I’m terrible at drawing, so Balsamiq Mockups not only lets me create sketches that other people can actually understand, but it’s also handy because you can upload a sketch to a common location for other team members to access. I can honestly say that using these tools (and having limited resources at home) have lead me to cut my paper usage down to virtually none. If I ever were to return to a traditional office workplace (hopefully never!) I’d try to employ as many of these applications and techniques as I could to keep paper usage low. I feel far less cluttered and far better organized now.

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  • Architecting Python application consisting of many small scripts

    - by Duke Dougal
    I am building an application which, at the moment, consists of many small Python scripts. Each Python script processes items from one Amazon SQS queue. Emails come into an initial queue and are processed by a script and typically the script will do a small unit of processing (for example, parse email and store some database fields), then an item will be placed on the next queue for further processing, until eventually the email has finished going through the various scripts and queues. What I like about this approach is that it is very loosely coupled. However, I'm not sure how I should implement live. Should I make each script a daemon which is constantly polling it's inbound queue for things to do? Or should there be some overarching orchestration program or process? Or maybe I should not have lots of small Python scripts but one large application? Specific questions: How should I run each of these scripts - as a daemon with some sort or restart monitor to restart them in case they stop for any reason? If yes, should I have some program which orchestrates this? Or is the idea of many small script not a good one, would it make more sense to have a larger python program which contains all the functionality and does all the queue polling and execution of functionality for each queue? What is the current preferred approach to daemonising Python scripts? Broadly I would welcome any comments or opinions on any aspect of this. thanks

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  • Advice on selecting programming languages to concentrate on? (2nd year IT security student)

    - by Tyler J Fisher
    I'm in the process of considering which programming languages I should devote the majority of my coding studies to. I'm a 2nd year CS student, majoring in IT security. What I want to do/work with: Intelligence gathering Relational databases Virus design Snort network IPS Current coding experience (what I'm going to keep): Java - intermediate HTML5 - intermediate SQL (MySQL, Oracle 11g) - basic BASH - basic I'm going to need to learn (at least) one of the following languages in order to be successful in my field. Languages to add (at least 1): Ruby (+Metasploit) C++ (virus design, low-level driver interaction, computationally intensive applications) Python (import ALL the things) My dilemma: If I diversify too broadly, I won't be able to focus on, and improve in a specific niche. Does anyone have any advice as to how I should select a language? What I'm considering + why I'm leaning towards Ruby because of Metasploit support, despite lower efficiency when compared to Python. Any suggestions based on real-world experience? Should I focus on Ruby, Python, or C++? Both Ruby, and Python have been regarded as syntactically similar to Java which my degree is based around. I'm going to be studying C++ in two years as a component of my malicious code class. Thanks, Tyler

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  • Use depth bias for shadows in deferred shading

    - by cubrman
    We are building a deferred shading engine and we have a problem with shadows. To add shadows we use two maps: the first one stores the depth of the scene captured by the player's camera and the second one stores the depth of the scene captured by the light's camera. We then ran a shader that analyzes the two maps and outputs the third one with the ready shadow areas for the current frame. The problem we face is a classic one: Self-Shadowing: A standard way to solve this is to use the slope-scale depth bias and depth offsets, however as we are doing things in a deferred way we cannot employ this algorithm. Any attempts to set depth bias when capturing light's view depth produced no or unsatisfying results. So here is my question: MSDN article has a convoluted explanation of the slope-scale: bias = (m × SlopeScaleDepthBias) + DepthBias Where m is the maximum depth slope of the triangle being rendered, defined as: m = max( abs(delta z / delta x), abs(delta z / delta y) ) Could you explain how I can implement this algorithm manually in a shader? Maybe there are better ways to fix this problem for deferred shadows?

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  • SQL SERVER – Weekly Series – Memory Lane – #039

    - by Pinal Dave
    Here is the list of selected articles of SQLAuthority.com across all these years. Instead of just listing all the articles I have selected a few of my most favorite articles and have listed them here with additional notes below it. Let me know which one of the following is your favorite article from memory lane. 2007 FQL – Facebook Query Language Facebook list following advantages of FQL: Condensed XML reduces bandwidth and parsing costs. More complex requests can reduce the number of requests necessary. Provides a single consistent, unified interface for all of your data. It’s fun! UDF – Get the Day of the Week Function The day of the week can be retrieved in SQL Server by using the DatePart function. The value returned by the function is between 1 (Sunday) and 7 (Saturday). To convert this to a string representing the day of the week, use a CASE statement. UDF – Function to Get Previous And Next Work Day – Exclude Saturday and Sunday While reading ColdFusion blog of Ben Nadel Getting the Previous Day In ColdFusion, Excluding Saturday And Sunday, I realize that I use similar function on my SQL Server Database. This function excludes the Weekends (Saturday and Sunday), and it gets previous as well as next work day. Complete Series of SQL Server Interview Questions and Answers Data Warehousing Interview Questions and Answers – Introduction Data Warehousing Interview Questions and Answers – Part 1 Data Warehousing Interview Questions and Answers – Part 2 Data Warehousing Interview Questions and Answers – Part 3 Data Warehousing Interview Questions and Answers Complete List Download 2008 Introduction to Log Viewer In SQL Server all the windows event logs can be seen along with SQL Server logs. Interface for all the logs is same and can be launched from the same place. This log can be exported and filtered as well. DBCC SHRINKFILE Takes Long Time to Run If you are DBA who are involved with Database Maintenance and file group maintenance, you must have experience that many times DBCC SHRINKFILE operations takes a long time but any other operations with Database are relatively quicker. mssqlsystemresource – Resource Database The purpose of resource database is to facilitates upgrading to the new version of SQL Server without any hassle. In previous versions whenever version of SQL Server was upgraded all the previous version system objects needs to be dropped and new version system objects to be created. 2009 Puzzle – Write Script to Generate Primary Key and Foreign Key In SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS), there is no option to script all the keys. If one is required to script keys they will have to manually script each key one at a time. If database has many tables, generating one key at a time can be a very intricate task. I want to throw a question to all of you if any of you have scripts for the same purpose. Maximizing View of SQL Server Management Studio – Full Screen – New Screen I had explained the following two different methods: 1) Open Results in Separate Tab - This is a very interesting method as result pan shows up in a different tab instead of the splitting screen horizontally. 2) Open SSMS in Full Screen - This works always and to its best. Not many people are aware of this method; hence, very few people use it to enhance performance. 2010 Find Queries using Parallelism from Cached Plan T-SQL script gets all the queries and their execution plan where parallelism operations are kicked up. Pay attention there is TOP 10 is used, if you have lots of transactional operations, I suggest that you change TOP 10 to TOP 50 This is the list of the all the articles in the series of computed columns. SQL SERVER – Computed Column – PERSISTED and Storage This article talks about how computed columns are created and why they take more storage space than before. SQL SERVER – Computed Column – PERSISTED and Performance This article talks about how PERSISTED columns give better performance than non-persisted columns. SQL SERVER – Computed Column – PERSISTED and Performance – Part 2 This article talks about how non-persisted columns give better performance than PERSISTED columns. SQL SERVER – Computed Column and Performance – Part 3 This article talks about how Index improves the performance of Computed Columns. SQL SERVER – Computed Column – PERSISTED and Storage – Part 2 This article talks about how creating index on computed column does not grow the row length of table. SQL SERVER – Computed Columns – Index and Performance This article summarized all the articles related to computed columns. 2011 SQL SERVER – Interview Questions and Answers – Frequently Asked Questions – Data Warehousing Concepts – Day 21 of 31 What is Data Warehousing? What is Business Intelligence (BI)? What is a Dimension Table? What is Dimensional Modeling? What is a Fact Table? What are the Fundamental Stages of Data Warehousing? What are the Different Methods of Loading Dimension tables? Describes the Foreign Key Columns in Fact Table and Dimension Table? What is Data Mining? What is the Difference between a View and a Materialized View? SQL SERVER – Interview Questions and Answers – Frequently Asked Questions – Data Warehousing Concepts – Day 22 of 31 What is OLTP? What is OLAP? What is the Difference between OLTP and OLAP? What is ODS? What is ER Diagram? SQL SERVER – Interview Questions and Answers – Frequently Asked Questions – Data Warehousing Concepts – Day 23 of 31 What is ETL? What is VLDB? Is OLTP Database is Design Optimal for Data Warehouse? If denormalizing improves Data Warehouse Processes, then why is the Fact Table is in the Normal Form? What are Lookup Tables? What are Aggregate Tables? What is Real-Time Data-Warehousing? What are Conformed Dimensions? What is a Conformed Fact? How do you Load the Time Dimension? What is a Level of Granularity of a Fact Table? What are Non-Additive Facts? What is a Factless Facts Table? What are Slowly Changing Dimensions (SCD)? SQL SERVER – Interview Questions and Answers – Frequently Asked Questions – Data Warehousing Concepts – Day 24 of 31 What is Hybrid Slowly Changing Dimension? What is BUS Schema? What is a Star Schema? What Snow Flake Schema? Differences between the Star and Snowflake Schema? What is Difference between ER Modeling and Dimensional Modeling? What is Degenerate Dimension Table? Why is Data Modeling Important? What is a Surrogate Key? What is Junk Dimension? What is a Data Mart? What is the Difference between OLAP and Data Warehouse? What is a Cube and Linked Cube with Reference to Data Warehouse? What is Snapshot with Reference to Data Warehouse? What is Active Data Warehousing? What is the Difference between Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence? What is MDS? Explain the Paradigm of Bill Inmon and Ralph Kimball. SQL SERVER – Azure Interview Questions and Answers – Guest Post by Paras Doshi – Day 25 of 31 Paras Doshi has submitted 21 interesting question and answers for SQL Azure. 1.What is SQL Azure? 2.What is cloud computing? 3.How is SQL Azure different than SQL server? 4.How many replicas are maintained for each SQL Azure database? 5.How can we migrate from SQL server to SQL Azure? 6.Which tools are available to manage SQL Azure databases and servers? 7.Tell me something about security and SQL Azure. 8.What is SQL Azure Firewall? 9.What is the difference between web edition and business edition? 10.How do we synchronize On Premise SQL server with SQL Azure? 11.How do we Backup SQL Azure Data? 12.What is the current pricing model of SQL Azure? 13.What is the current limitation of the size of SQL Azure DB? 14.How do you handle datasets larger than 50 GB? 15.What happens when the SQL Azure database reaches Max Size? 16.How many databases can we create in a single server? 17.How many servers can we create in a single subscription? 18.How do you improve the performance of a SQL Azure Database? 19.What is code near application topology? 20.What were the latest updates to SQL Azure service? 21.When does a workload on SQL Azure get throttled? SQL SERVER – Interview Questions and Answers – Guest Post by Malathi Mahadevan – Day 26 of 31 Malachi had asked a simple question which has several answers. Each answer makes you think and ponder about the reality of the IT world. Look at the simple question – ‘What is the toughest challenge you have faced in your present job and how did you handle it’? and its various answers. Each answer has its own story. SQL SERVER – Interview Questions and Answers – Guest Post by Rick Morelan – Day 27 of 31 Rick Morelan of Joes2Pros has written an excellent blog post on the subject how to find top N values. Most people are fully aware of how the TOP keyword works with a SELECT statement. After years preparing so many students to pass the SQL Certification I noticed they were pretty well prepared for job interviews too. Yes, they would do well in the interview but not great. There seemed to be a few questions that would come up repeatedly for almost everyone. Rick addresses similar questions in his lucid writing skills. 2012 Observation of Top with Index and Order of Resultset SQL Server has lots of things to learn and share. It is amazing to see how people evaluate and understand different techniques and styles differently when implementing. The real reason may be absolutely different but we may blame something totally different for the incorrect results. Read the blog post to learn more. How do I Record Video and Webcast How to Convert Hex to Decimal or INT Earlier I asked regarding a question about how to convert Hex to Decimal. I promised that I will post an answer with Due Credit to the author but never got around to post a blog post around it. Read the original post over here SQL SERVER – Question – How to Convert Hex to Decimal. Query to Get Unique Distinct Data Based on Condition – Eliminate Duplicate Data from Resultset The natural reaction will be to suggest DISTINCT or GROUP BY. However, not all the questions can be solved by DISTINCT or GROUP BY. Let us see the following example, where a user wanted only latest records to be displayed. Let us see the example to understand further. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: Memory Lane, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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  • July, the 31 Days of SQL Server DMO’s – Day 3 (sys.dm_exec_connections)

    - by Tamarick Hill
      The third DMV we will review is the sys.dm_exec_connections DMV. This DMV is Server-Scoped and displays information about each and every current connection on your SQL Server Instance. Lets take a look at some information that this DMV returns. SELECT * FROM sys.dm_exec_connections After reviewing this DMV, in my opinion, its not a whole lot of useful information returned from this DMV from a monitoring or troubleshooting standpoint. The primary use case I have for this DMV is when I need to get a quick count of how many connections I have on one of my SQL Server boxes. For this purpose a quick SELECT COUNT(*) satisfies my need. However, for those who need it, there is other information such as what type of authentication a specific connection is using, network packet size, and client/local TCP ports being used. This information can come in handy for specific scenarios but you probably wont need it very much for your day to day monitoring/troubleshooting needs. However, this is still an important DMV that you should be aware of in the event that you need it. For more information on this DMV, please see the below Books Online link: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms181509.aspx

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  • File association for editing on a mac

    - by Agos
    I'm quite experienced with how file association works for opening files on Mac OS X. I recall reading somewhere that OS X keeps not only the information about which apps can open a file, but also which apps can edit a specific file type. I'm having problems with those applications (Coda, Espresso, Forklift, Flow) that have an “edit with external editor” feature, since issuing this command on HTML files opens them with Dashcode. Dashcode of course is not the current association for opening these files (Safari is), so it's clearly looking for apps that can edit HTML. Since I'd like to use TextMate as my editor in these cases, how can I set this preference?

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  • Burning a Custom CD/DVD software Image

    - by Iceking007
    Hello I am trying to Burn a disk let me catch you up where I am at as I have a very SPECIFIC question and it may be difficult to explain but I will try to keep it simple: I have software already in an ISO file; I am using Daemon tools on a Windows based PC What I am wanting to do is create the actual Picture (not disk image file) that will show up on the Disk drive when I insert the disk Eg: if you put microsoft Office 11 in your comp. you open up My Computer to view all your HD and Disk drives you will see the image that microsoft put on the disk which is a silver CD and the Microsoft Office logo on the top corner. I would like to know how to edit my current ISO file or what I need to do in order to put "A PICTURE" or "AN ICON FILE" on the CD/DVD so that when I insert the disk into any PC it will show up with the PICTURE OR ICON file I chose and look proffessional. Thank you for your time

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  • OSX 10.6 Cisco IPSEC strange behavior

    - by tair
    I'm trying to connect to Cisco IPSEC VPN of my company over DSL Internet. I managed to successfully connect using Cisco VPN Client, now I'm trying to switch to OSX 10.6 native client, because of licensing issues. The problems is that the connection fails with a dialog box containing the message: The negotiation with the VPN server failed. Verify the server address and try reconnecting. I checked logs: Jun 29 13:10:39 racoon[4551]: Connecting. Jun 29 13:10:39 racoon[4551]: IKE Packet: transmit success. (Initiator, Aggressive-Mode message 1). Jun 29 13:10:39 racoon[4551]: IKEv1 Phase1 AUTH: success. (Initiator, Aggressive-Mode Message 2). Jun 29 13:10:39 racoon[4551]: IKE Packet: receive success. (Initiator, Aggressive-Mode message 2). Jun 29 13:10:39 racoon[4551]: IKEv1 Phase1 Initiator: success. (Initiator, Aggressive-Mode). Jun 29 13:10:39 racoon[4551]: IKE Packet: transmit success. (Initiator, Aggressive-Mode message 3). Jun 29 13:10:42 racoon[4551]: IKE Packet: transmit success. (Mode-Config message). Jun 29 13:10:42 racoon[4551]: IKEv1 XAUTH: success. (XAUTH Status is OK). Jun 29 13:10:42 racoon[4551]: IKE Packet: transmit success. (Mode-Config message). Jun 29 13:10:42 racoon[4551]: IKEv1 Config: retransmited. (Mode-Config retransmit). Jun 29 13:10:42 racoon[4551]: IKE Packet: receive success. (MODE-Config). Jun 29 13:10:42 configd[19]: event_callback: Address added. previous interface setting (name: en1, address: 192.168.1.107), current interface setting (name: u92.168.54.147, subnet: 255.255.255.0, destination: 192.168.54.147). Jun 29 13:10:42 configd[19]: network configuration changed. Jun 29 13:10:42 vmnet-bridge[111]: Dynamic store changed Jun 29 13:10:42 named[62]: not listening on any interfaces Jun 29 13:10:58: --- last message repeated 1 time --- Jun 29 13:10:58 configd[19]: SCNCController: Disconnecting. (Connection tried to negotiate for, 16 seconds). Jun 29 13:10:58 racoon[4551]: IKE Packet: transmit success. (Information message). Jun 29 13:10:58 racoon[4551]: IKEv1 Information-Notice: transmit success. (Delete ISAKMP-SA). Jun 29 13:10:58 racoon[4551]: Disconnecting. (Connection tried to negotiate for, 19.113382 seconds). Jun 29 13:10:58 named[62]: not listening on any interfaces Jun 29 13:10:58 vmnet-bridge[111]: Dynamic store changed Jun 29 13:10:58 named[62]: not listening on any interfaces Jun 29 13:10:58 configd[19]: network configuration changed. Then I opened Terminal, started pinging a server behind VPN, and tried to connect again. Now connection is OK! Logs this time: Jun 29 13:46:53 racoon[8136]: Connecting. Jun 29 13:46:53 racoon[8136]: IKE Packet: transmit success. (Initiator, Aggressive-Mode message 1). Jun 29 13:46:53 racoon[8136]: IKEv1 Phase1 AUTH: success. (Initiator, Aggressive-Mode Message 2). Jun 29 13:46:53 racoon[8136]: IKE Packet: receive success. (Initiator, Aggressive-Mode message 2). Jun 29 13:46:53 racoon[8136]: IKEv1 Phase1 Initiator: success. (Initiator, Aggressive-Mode). Jun 29 13:46:53 racoon[8136]: IKE Packet: transmit success. (Initiator, Aggressive-Mode message 3). Jun 29 13:46:56 racoon[8136]: IKE Packet: transmit success. (Mode-Config message). Jun 29 13:46:56 racoon[8136]: IKEv1 XAUTH: success. (XAUTH Status is OK). Jun 29 13:46:56 racoon[8136]: IKE Packet: transmit success. (Mode-Config message). Jun 29 13:46:56 racoon[8136]: IKEv1 Config: retransmited. (Mode-Config retransmit). Jun 29 13:46:56 racoon[8136]: IKE Packet: receive success. (MODE-Config). Jun 29 13:46:56 configd[19]: event_callback: Address added. previous interface setting (name: en1, address: 192.168.1.107), current interface settinaddress: 192.168.54.149, subnet: 255.255.255.0, destination: 192.168.54.149). Jun 29 13:46:56 vmnet-bridge[111]: Dynamic store changed Jun 29 13:46:56 named[62]: not listening on any interfaces Jun 29 13:46:56 configd[19]: network configuration changed. Jun 29 13:46:56 named[62]: not listening on any interfaces Jun 29 13:46:56 racoon[8136]: IKE Packet: transmit success. (Initiator, Quick-Mode message 1). Jun 29 13:46:56 racoon[8136]: IKE Packet: receive success. (Initiator, Quick-Mode message 2). Jun 29 13:46:56 racoon[8136]: IKE Packet: transmit success. (Initiator, Quick-Mode message 3). Jun 29 13:46:56 racoon[8136]: IKEv1 Phase2 Initiator: success. (Initiator, Quick-Mode). Jun 29 13:46:56 racoon[8136]: Connected. Jun 29 13:46:56 configd[19]: SCNCController: Connected. I tested it several times and it consistently behaves the same. What is the magic?

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  • Is it possible to skip .rvmrc confirmation?

    - by Viacheslav Molokov
    We are using RVM for managing Ruby installations and environments. Usually we are using this .rvmrc script: #!/bin/bash if [ ! -e '.version' ]; then VERSION=`pwd | sed 's/[a-z/-]//g'` echo $VERSION > .version rvm gemset create $VERSION fi VERSION=`cat .version` rvm use 1.9.2@$VERSION This script forces RVM to create new gem environment for each our project/version. But each time we was deploying new version RVM asks us to confirm new .rvmrc file. When we cd to this directory first time, we are getting something like: =============================================================== = NOTICE: = =============================================================== = RVM has encountered a not yet trusted .rvmrc file in the = = current working directory which may contain nasty code. = = = = Examine the contents of this file to be sure the contents = = are good before trusting it! = = = = Press 'q' to exit the reader when finished reading the file = =============================================================== (press enter to continue when ready) This is not as bad for development environments, but with auto deploy it require to manually confirm each new version on each server. Is it possible to skip this confirmation?

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  • Is it possible for beginner to learn and develop an application in rails in 4 months?

    - by Parth
    I want to develop a web application or a website using rails. My current knowledge includes 1. HTML 2. CSS 3. C 4. Java And I am currently going through 5th chapter of the well grounded rubyist book by David A. Thomas. I came to know that learning ruby is beneficial for good knowledge of rails. So currently I am going through the basics of ruby. And learning rails in parallel. I want to know if in this scenario is it practically feasible to understand rails and develop an application/website in it within the time frame of 4 months. I need to develop an application which have atleast 3 complexity (complex functionality). Any ideas of good application for rails beginners is welcomed. But the application should be large or if it is small than it should have some complexity. Time is a constraint for me. I would have to develop application for college work but rails technology is my choice as I want to learn it.

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  • Java Spotlight Episode 110: Arun Gupta on the Java EE 6 Pocket Guide @arungupta

    - by Roger Brinkley
    Interview with Arun Gupta on his new Java EE 6 Pocket Guide. Right-click or Control-click to download this MP3 file. You can also subscribe to the Java Spotlight Podcast Feed to get the latest podcast automatically. If you use iTunes you can open iTunes and subscribe with this link:  Java Spotlight Podcast in iTunes. Show Notes News Getting Started with JavaFX2 and Scene Builder Using the New CSS Analyzer in JavaFX Scene Builder JavaOne Latin America Keynotes NetBeans Podcast #62 - NetBeans Community News with Geertjan and Tinu Request for Project Nashorn (Open Source) JEP 170: JDBC 4.2 Open Sourcing: decora-compiler JPA 2.1 Schema Generation WebSocket, Java EE 7, and GlassFish Events Dec 3-5, jDays, Göteborg, Sweden Dec 4-6, JavaOne Latin America, Sao Paolo, Brazil Dec 14-15, IndicThreads, Pune, India Feature InterviewArun Gupta is a Java EE & GlassFish Evangelist working at Oracle. Arun has over 14 years of experience in the software industry working in various technologies, Java(TM) platform, and several web-related technologies. In his current role, he works very closely to create and foster the community around Java EE & GlassFish. He has participated in several standard bodies and worked amicably with members from other companies. He has been with the Java EE team since it’s inception. And since then he has contibuted to all Java EE releases.He is a prolific blogger at http://blogs.sun.com/arungupta with over 1000 blog entries and frequent visitors from all over the world reaching up to 25,000 hits/day. His new Java EE 6 Pocket Guide is now available on O’Reily What’s Cool Videos: Getting Started with Java Embedded JavaFX: Leverageing Multicore Performance JavaFX on BeagleBoard State of the Lambda: Libraries Edition FOSDEM 2013 CFP now open! The return of the Shark

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  • Solaris Non global Zone x server

    - by ankimal
    I am not even sure if this is possible but how can I start an X server on a non-global zone? If I run startx from within my zone. I created the xorg.conf by running /usr/X11/bin/xorgconfig root@foo:/usr/X11/bin# startx xauth: creating new authority file /root/.serverauth.20957 X.Org X Server 1.5.3 Release Date: 5 November 2008 X Protocol Version 11, Revision 0 Build Operating System: SunOS 5.11 snv_108 i86pc Current Operating System: SunOS dsol101 5.11 snv_111b i86pc Build Date: 07 May 2009 04:44:56PM Solaris ABI: 64-bit SUNWxorg-server package version: 6.9.0.5.11.11100,REV=0.2009.05.07 SUNWxorg-mesa package version: 6.9.0.5.11.11100,REV=0.2009.04.02 Before reporting problems, check http://sunsolve.sun.com/ to make sure that you have the latest version. Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting, (++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational, (WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown. (==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.0.log", Time: Tue Nov 10 19:17:53 2009 (==) Using config file: "/etc/X11/xorg.conf" Fatal server error: xf86OpenConsole: Cannot open /dev/fb (No such file or directory)

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  • Chrome Tab Ordering?

    - by Mark
    If I'm on the first tab, and I hit Ctrl+T, I want it to open next to (to the right of) the current tab. Is there an extension for this? I think I want to change the closed tab ordering too... but I can never remember how I like it until I play with it. I think move to the left tab is what I like. TabMixPlus gives me these options in FF, is there a similar extension available yet? Or some hidden options in Chrome?

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  • How to remap media keys on laptop,without external programs?

    - by polemon
    As on most laptops, my laptop has "special" keys, or media keys, as they are sometimes called. On Linux, I can easily read keycodes with things like xev, put other functions back to it. Either with xmodmap or by simply giving the keys functions in my window manager. How is that possible on Windows? Is there even a way to scan those keys and remap them? Possibly even give them different functions as on Linux? If so, where do I do that? I heard of several programs atempting on changing that, but I don't see why I should install another program. I see it as integral part of the OS. For instance, I have a key with an 'i' in a circle. It normally opens a new browser window. When Chrome is already open, it makes the current tab go to my selected homepage (which is about:blank). I'd like to change the functionality of it.

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  • SQL SERVER – 2011 – Multi-Monitor SSMS Windows

    - by pinaldave
    I have a dual screen arrangement at my home system. I love it because it’s very convenient. When I am working with SQL Server 2008 R2 or any earlier versions, I would want to use both of the Monitor so I open two separate SQL Server Management Studio and work along with it. I have no complaints with my system, at all. I am totally fine with it. However, sometimes I face small issues, like when I just want a small code open in a separate window but I do not want the windows to take over the whole of another window. But then again, I am already used to this current system. Recently when I was working with SQL Server 2011 ‘Denali’ CTP1, I dragged one of the windows by accident, and suddenly it magically appeared out of its ‘Shell’ of SSMS and was appearing on a separate monitor. I played around a bit and figured out that SSMS now supports multi-monitor (or multi screen) support with single SSMS instance. We can now drag out and drag in any window and resize them at any size. Fantastic! If you are multi-monitor user, I am sure you will like this feature. This leads me to ask you question? Do you use multi-monitor system while working with SQL Server? Leave a quick comment. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Server Management Studio, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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  • Go Big or Go Home

    - by user12601034
    For those who don’t know, Oracle sponsors a group called “OWL” – Oracle Women’s Leadership - and the purpose of the group is to create local and global opportunities that support, educate and empower current and future women leaders at Oracle. This week, I had the opportunity to attend the Denver OWL roadshow, and I was really impressed with the quality of speakers and interactions that I experienced. One theme that arose throughout the day was that of “Lean In.” In a nutshell, “Lean In” requires you to take advantage of the opportunities that you’re given. One of my personal mantras is “Go big or go home."  That is, if you’re not willing to give it your all, don’t do it at all. Regardless of how you phrase it, it’s a life lesson that I believe needs to be tossed in our face every so often simply, if for no other reason, to get our attention. You are given a finite amount of time in your life; in your job role; in your interactions with others. Do you make the most of the opportunities given to you every day? Or do you believe that life just happens, and you have to deal with whatever is handed to you? I have a challenge for you. Set aside any concerns or fears you have about something and Lean In. Make the most of an opportunity presented to you…or make your own opportunity! If you start with just one thing, you’ll start building a mindset to make the most of additional opportunities. Not only will you be better for leaning in, but I’m betting that those around you will be better for it as well.

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  • SELinux "allow httpd_t httpd_sys_content_t:dir write;"

    - by alexus
    I'm getting following message in my /var/log/audit/audit.log: type=AVC msg=audit(1402615093.053:68): avc: denied { write } for pid=799 comm="httpd" name="php" dev="xvda1" ino=8667365 scontext=system_u:system_r:httpd_t:s0 tcontext=unconfined_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t:s0 tclass=dir type=SYSCALL msg=audit(1402615093.053:68): arch=c000003e syscall=2 success=no exit=-13 a0=7f7a5ca697a8 a1=241 a2=1b6 a3=1 items=0 ppid=662 pid=799 auid=4294967295 uid=48 gid=48 euid=48 suid=48 fsuid=48 egid=48 sgid=48 fsgid=48 tty=(none) ses=4294967295 comm="httpd" exe="/usr/sbin/httpd" subj=system_u:system_r:httpd_t:s0 key=(null) pipe audit2allow outputs: #============= httpd_t ============== #!!!! This avc can be allowed using the boolean 'httpd_unified' allow httpd_t httpd_sys_content_t:dir write; How do I apply allow httpd_t httpd_sys_content_t:dir write; to my current SELinux policy?

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  • Organizations &amp; Architecture UNISA Studies &ndash; Chap 7

    - by MarkPearl
    Learning Outcomes Name different device categories Discuss the functions and structure of I/.O modules Describe the principles of Programmed I/O Describe the principles of Interrupt-driven I/O Describe the principles of DMA Discuss the evolution characteristic of I/O channels Describe different types of I/O interface Explain the principles of point-to-point and multipoint configurations Discuss the way in which a FireWire serial bus functions Discuss the principles of InfiniBand architecture External Devices An external device attaches to the computer by a link to an I/O module. The link is used to exchange control, status, and data between the I/O module and the external device. External devices can be classified into 3 categories… Human readable – e.g. video display Machine readable – e.g. magnetic disk Communications – e.g. wifi card I/O Modules An I/O module has two major functions… Interface to the processor and memory via the system bus or central switch Interface to one or more peripheral devices by tailored data links Module Functions The major functions or requirements for an I/O module fall into the following categories… Control and timing Processor communication Device communication Data buffering Error detection I/O function includes a control and timing requirement, to coordinate the flow of traffic between internal resources and external devices. Processor communication involves the following… Command decoding Data Status reporting Address recognition The I/O device must be able to perform device communication. This communication involves commands, status information, and data. An essential task of an I/O module is data buffering due to the relative slow speeds of most external devices. An I/O module is often responsible for error detection and for subsequently reporting errors to the processor. I/O Module Structure An I/O module functions to allow the processor to view a wide range of devices in a simple minded way. The I/O module may hide the details of timing, formats, and the electro mechanics of an external device so that the processor can function in terms of simple reads and write commands. An I/O channel/processor is an I/O module that takes on most of the detailed processing burden, presenting a high-level interface to the processor. There are 3 techniques are possible for I/O operations Programmed I/O Interrupt[t I/O DMA Access Programmed I/O When a processor is executing a program and encounters an instruction relating to I/O it executes that instruction by issuing a command to the appropriate I/O module. With programmed I/O, the I/O module will perform the requested action and then set the appropriate bits in the I/O status register. The I/O module takes no further actions to alert the processor. I/O Commands To execute an I/O related instruction, the processor issues an address, specifying the particular I/O module and external device, and an I/O command. There are four types of I/O commands that an I/O module may receive when it is addressed by a processor… Control – used to activate a peripheral and tell it what to do Test – Used to test various status conditions associated with an I/O module and its peripherals Read – Causes the I/O module to obtain an item of data from the peripheral and place it in an internal buffer Write – Causes the I/O module to take an item of data form the data bus and subsequently transmit that data item to the peripheral The main disadvantage of this technique is it is a time consuming process that keeps the processor busy needlessly I/O Instructions With programmed I/O there is a close correspondence between the I/O related instructions that the processor fetches from memory and the I/O commands that the processor issues to an I/O module to execute the instructions. Typically there will be many I/O devices connected through I/O modules to the system – each device is given a unique identifier or address – when the processor issues an I/O command, the command contains the address of the address of the desired device, thus each I/O module must interpret the address lines to determine if the command is for itself. When the processor, main memory and I/O share a common bus, two modes of addressing are possible… Memory mapped I/O Isolated I/O (for a detailed explanation read page 245 of book) The advantage of memory mapped I/O over isolated I/O is that it has a large repertoire of instructions that can be used, allowing more efficient programming. The disadvantage of memory mapped I/O over isolated I/O is that valuable memory address space is sued up. Interrupts driven I/O Interrupt driven I/O works as follows… The processor issues an I/O command to a module and then goes on to do some other useful work The I/O module will then interrupts the processor to request service when is is ready to exchange data with the processor The processor then executes the data transfer and then resumes its former processing Interrupt Processing The occurrence of an interrupt triggers a number of events, both in the processor hardware and in software. When an I/O device completes an I/O operations the following sequence of hardware events occurs… The device issues an interrupt signal to the processor The processor finishes execution of the current instruction before responding to the interrupt The processor tests for an interrupt – determines that there is one – and sends an acknowledgement signal to the device that issues the interrupt. The acknowledgement allows the device to remove its interrupt signal The processor now needs to prepare to transfer control to the interrupt routine. To begin, it needs to save information needed to resume the current program at the point of interrupt. The minimum information required is the status of the processor and the location of the next instruction to be executed. The processor now loads the program counter with the entry location of the interrupt-handling program that will respond to this interrupt. It also saves the values of the process registers because the Interrupt operation may modify these The interrupt handler processes the interrupt – this includes examination of status information relating to the I/O operation or other event that caused an interrupt When interrupt processing is complete, the saved register values are retrieved from the stack and restored to the registers Finally, the PSW and program counter values from the stack are restored. Design Issues Two design issues arise in implementing interrupt I/O Because there will be multiple I/O modules, how does the processor determine which device issued the interrupt? If multiple interrupts have occurred, how does the processor decide which one to process? Addressing device recognition, 4 general categories of techniques are in common use… Multiple interrupt lines Software poll Daisy chain Bus arbitration For a detailed explanation of these approaches read page 250 of the textbook. Interrupt driven I/O while more efficient than simple programmed I/O still requires the active intervention of the processor to transfer data between memory and an I/O module, and any data transfer must traverse a path through the processor. Thus is suffers from two inherent drawbacks… The I/O transfer rate is limited by the speed with which the processor can test and service a device The processor is tied up in managing an I/O transfer; a number of instructions must be executed for each I/O transfer Direct Memory Access When large volumes of data are to be moved, an efficient technique is direct memory access (DMA) DMA Function DMA involves an additional module on the system bus. The DMA module is capable of mimicking the processor and taking over control of the system from the processor. It needs to do this to transfer data to and from memory over the system bus. DMA must the bus only when the processor does not need it, or it must force the processor to suspend operation temporarily (most common – referred to as cycle stealing). When the processor wishes to read or write a block of data, it issues a command to the DMA module by sending to the DMA module the following information… Whether a read or write is requested using the read or write control line between the processor and the DMA module The address of the I/O device involved, communicated on the data lines The starting location in memory to read from or write to, communicated on the data lines and stored by the DMA module in its address register The number of words to be read or written, communicated via the data lines and stored in the data count register The processor then continues with other work, it delegates the I/O operation to the DMA module which transfers the entire block of data, one word at a time, directly to or from memory without going through the processor. When the transfer is complete, the DMA module sends an interrupt signal to the processor, this the processor is involved only at the beginning and end of the transfer. I/O Channels and Processors Characteristics of I/O Channels As one proceeds along the evolutionary path, more and more of the I/O function is performed without CPU involvement. The I/O channel represents an extension of the DMA concept. An I/O channel ahs the ability to execute I/O instructions, which gives it complete control over I/O operations. In a computer system with such devices, the CPU does not execute I/O instructions – such instructions are stored in main memory to be executed by a special purpose processor in the I/O channel itself. Two types of I/O channels are common A selector channel controls multiple high-speed devices. A multiplexor channel can handle I/O with multiple characters as fast as possible to multiple devices. The external interface: FireWire and InfiniBand Types of Interfaces One major characteristic of the interface is whether it is serial or parallel parallel interface – there are multiple lines connecting the I/O module and the peripheral, and multiple bits are transferred simultaneously serial interface – there is only one line used to transmit data, and bits must be transmitted one at a time With new generation serial interfaces, parallel interfaces are becoming less common. In either case, the I/O module must engage in a dialogue with the peripheral. In general terms the dialog may look as follows… The I/O module sends a control signal requesting permission to send data The peripheral acknowledges the request The I/O module transfers data The peripheral acknowledges receipt of data For a detailed explanation of FireWire and InfiniBand technology read page 264 – 270 of the textbook

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