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  • How can I handle arbitrary text as "nouns" in Inform 7?

    - by Beska
    In Inform, I'd like to be able to create a new action, and have it be able to work on aribitrary text. I can easily create a new action that will work on existing things. Finding is an action with past participle found, applying to one thing. Understand "Find [something]" as finding. Carry out finding: say "You find [the noun]." But this only works on items that exist within the game world. If I try to "find fdsljk", for instance, it will fail because I haven't created a "fdsljk". I'd like to be able to "find fdsljk" and then be able to grab that extra text and respond with it...something like "You find the fdsljk." I was thinking that something like A foo is a kind of value. Finding is an action with past participle found, applying to one foo. Understand "Find [something]" as finding. Carry out finding: say "You find [the foo]." might be close...but it doesn't work. I get an error that reads: You wrote 'say "You find [the foo]."' , and in particular 'the foo': but this asked to say something of a kind which can't be said, or rather, printed. Although this problem can arise when you use complicated text substitutions which come in variant forms depending on the kinds of value used, far more often what this means is just that you tried to use a substituted value (e.g., in 'say "The dial reads [V]."') of a kind which could not be printed out. For instance, if V is a number or a piece of text, there is no problem: but if V is a parsing topic, say an entry in a 'topic' column of a table, then this problem will arise. The italics are mine, and highlight the key...I think this should be doable, but I'm taking the wrong path. Clues?

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  • Comparing objects and inheritance

    - by ereOn
    Hi, In my program I have the following class hierarchy: class Base // Base is an abstract class { }; class A : public Base { }; class B : public Base { }; I would like to do the following: foo(const Base& one, const Base& two) { if (one == two) { // Do something } else { // Do something else } } I have issues regarding the operator==() here. Of course comparing an instance A and an instance of B makes no sense but comparing two instances of Base should be possible. (You can't compare a Dog and a Cat however you can compare two Animals) I would like the following results: A == B = false A == A = true or false, depending on the effective value of the two instances B == B = true or false, depending on the effective value of the two instances My question is: is this a good design/idea ? Is this even possible ? What functions should I write/overload ? My apologies if the question is obviously stupid or easy, I have some serious fever right now and my thinking abilities are somewhat limited :/ Thank you.

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  • How can I tell when the Text of a System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox wraps to the next line?

    - by fre0n
    I'm creating a GroupBox at runtime and setting its Text property. Usually, the text is only on one line, but sometimes it wraps. The problem is that the controls contained in the GroupBox cover up the GroupBox's text. What I'd like to do is determine if and when the text wraps. Specifically, I'd like to determine how much extra height the wrapped text takes up as compared to a single line. That way, I can reposition the GroupBox's controls and adjust its height. Initially, I thought I'd do this by calling the GroupBox's CreateGraphics() method, and using the Graphics to measure the string. Something like this: private void SetGroupBoxText(GroupBox grp, string text) { const int somePadding = 10; Graphics g = grp.CreateGraphics(); SizeF textSize = g.MeasureString(text, grp.Font); if (textSize.Width > (grp.Width - somePadding)) { // Adjust height, etc. } } The problem is that the size generated by g.MeasureString(text, grp.Font) doesn't seem to be accurate. I determined that it wasn't accurate by putting enough of a single character to cause a wrap, then measuring the resulting string. For example, it took 86 pipes (|) to until a wrap happened. When I measured that string, its width was ~253. And it took 16 capital W's to force a wrap - its string had a width of ~164. These were the two extremes that I tested. My GroupBox's width was 189. (a's took 29 and had a width of ~180, O's took 22 and had a width of ~189) Does anyone have any ideas? (hacks, WinAPI, etc. are welcome solutions)

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  • What C# container is most resource-efficient for existence for only one operation?

    - by ccornet
    I find myself often with a situation where I need to perform an operation on a set of properties. The operation can be anything from checking if a particular property matches anything in the set to a single iteration of actions. Sometimes the set is dynamically generated when the function is called, some built with a simple LINQ statement, other times it is a hard-coded set that will always remain the same. But one constant always exists: the set only exists for one single operation and has no use before or after it. My problem is, I have so many points in my application where this is necessary, but I appear to be very, very inconsistent in how I store these sets. Some of them are arrays, some are lists, and just now I've found a couple linked lists. Now, none of the operations I'm specifically concerned about have to care about indices, container size, order, or any other functionality that is bestowed by any of the individual container types. I picked resource efficiency because it's a better idea than flipping coins. I figured, since array size is configured and it's a very elementary container, that might be my best choice, but I figure it is a better idea to ask around. Alternatively, if there's a better choice not out of resource-efficiency but strictly as being a better choice for this kind of situation, that would be nice as well.

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  • ggplot: showing % instead of counts in charts of categorical variables

    - by wishihadabettername
    I'm plotting a categorical variable and instead of showing the counts for each category value, I'm looking for a way to get ggplot to display the percentage of values in that category. Of course, it is possible to create another variable with the calculated percentage and plot that one, but I have to do it several dozens of times and I hope to achieve that in one command. I was experimenting with something like qplot (mydataf) + stat_bin(aes(n=nrow(mydataf), y=..count../n)) + scale_y_continuous(formatter="percent") but I must be using it incorrectly, as I got errors. To easily reproduce the setup, here's a simplified example: mydata <- c ("aa", "bb", null, "bb", "cc", "aa", "aa", "aa", "ee", null, "cc"); mydataf <- factor(mydata); qplot (mydataf); #this shows the count, I'm looking to see % displayed. In the real case I'll probably use ggplot instead of qplot, but the right way to use stat_bin still eludes me. Thank you. UPDATE: I've also tried these four approaches: ggplot(mydataf, aes(y = (..count..)/sum(..count..))) + scale_y_continuous(formatter = 'percent'); ggplot(mydataf, aes(y = (..count..)/sum(..count..))) + scale_y_continuous(formatter = 'percent') + geom_bar(); ggplot(mydataf, aes(x = levels(mydataf), y = (..count..)/sum(..count..))) + scale_y_continuous(formatter = 'percent'); ggplot(mydataf, aes(x = levels(mydataf), y = (..count..)/sum(..count..))) + scale_y_continuous(formatter = 'percent') + geom_bar(); but all 4 give: Error: ggplot2 doesn't know how to deal with data of class factor The same error appears for the simple case of ggplot (data=mydataf, aes(levels(mydataf))) + geom_bar() so it's clearly something about how ggplot interacts with a single vector. I'm scratching my head, googling for that error gives a single result.

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  • Handling very large lists of objects without paging?

    - by user246114
    Hi, I have a class which can contain many small elements in a list. Looks like: public class Farm { private ArrayList<Horse> mHorses; } just wondering what will happen if the mHorses array grew to something crazy like 15,000 elements. I'm assuming that trying to write and read this from the datastore would be crazy, because I'd get killed on the serialization process. It's important that I can get the entire array in one shot without paging, and each Horse element may only have two string properties in it, so they are pretty lightweight: public class Horse { private String mId; private String mName; } I don't need these horses indexed at all. Does it sound reasonable to just store the mHorse array as a raw Text field, and force my clients to do the deserialization? Something like: public class Farm { private Text mHorsesSerialized; } then whenever the client receives a Farm instance, it has to take the raw string of horses, and split it in order to reinstantiate the list, something like: // GWT client perhaps Farm farm = rpcCall.getMyFarm(); String horsesSerialized = farm.getHorses(); String[] horseBlocks = horsesSerialized.split(","); for (int i = 0; i < horseBlocks.length; i++) { // .. continue deserializing the individual objects ... } yeah... so hopefully it would be quick to read a Farm instance from the datastore, and the serialization penalty is paid by the client, Thanks

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  • Silverlight Image Data Binding

    - by Alexander
    I am new to Silverlight, and have an issue with binding. I have a class ItemsManager, that has inside its scope another class Item. class ItemsManager { ... class Item : INotifyPropertyChanged { ... private BitmapImage bitmapSource; public BitmapImage BitmapSource { get { return bitmapSource; } set { bitmapSource = value; if(PropertyChanged != null )PropertyChanged("BitmapSource") } } } } I do the following in code to test binding: { ItemsManager.Instance.AddItem("123"); //Items manager started downloading item visual //part (in my case bitmap image png) Binding b = new Binding("Source"); b.Source = ItemsManager.Instance.GetItem("123").BitmapSource; b.BindsDirectlyToSource = true; Image img = new Image(); img.SetBinding(Image.SourceProperty, b); img.Width = (double)100.0; img.Height = (double)100.0; LayoutRoot.Children.Add(img); } Once image is loaded, image doesn't appear. Though, if I set directly after image has been loaded its source, it displays well. I also noticed that PropertyChanged("BitmapSource") never fires, because PropertyChanged is null, like Image never binded to it. I am looking forward to hearing from you!

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  • span,div ,p element. What should I use and how?

    - by Cesar Lopez
    I have the following problem. I have a td which I need to add other three elements inside (span,div,p, or any other suggestion) in order to align the three elements inside one next to each other (the content of this elements is text). If all the elements contains a single line of text, then everything its fine. The problem comes when the first to are single line of text and third element contains more than one line of text, then text of third element it would go under first element, but I need it to go under third element. eg. Output desired. Title on element1: (subtitle on element 2) Text on element 3 with several lines of text. Actual output. Title on element1: (subtitle on element 2) Text on element 3 with several lines of text. html code sample <td> <span display="inline">Title on element1:</span> <span display="inline">(subtitle on element 2)</span> <span display="inline">Text on element 3 <br/> with several lines <br/> of text.</span> </td>

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  • Database (MySQL) structuring: pros and cons of multiple tables

    - by Gideon
    I am collecting data and storing it MySQL, for: 75 variables 55 countries Each year I have, at this stage since I am building this tool created a single table, of variables / countries (storing 1 year worth of data). Next year (and for several years after that) a new set of data will be input for each country. There are therefore 3 variables in controlling data returned to a user reviewing all collected data. The general form of any query would be: Show me these specifics variables, for these specific countries, for these specific years. (Show me average age and weight, for USA and Canada, for 2012 and 2009, for example) My question is, it seems that I have two options for arranging this data: -Multiple tables where I create a table of country / variable for each year data is collected - Single table and simply add a column (field) for the year that data relates to. As far as I can tell I could make these database calls with either sructure, but is one more powerful / efficient / quicker, and why? Thanks for your consideration. It's a PDO / PHP interface if that is relevent.

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  • Combine MD5 hashes of multiple files

    - by user685869
    I have 7 files that I'm generating MD5 hashes for. The hashes are used to ensure that a remote copy of the data store is identical to the local copy. Unfortunately, the link between these two copies of the data is mind numbingly slow. Changes to the data are very rare but I have a requirement that the data be synchronized at all times (or as soon as possible). Rather than passing 7 different MD5 hashes across my (extremely slow) communications link, I'd like to generate the hash for each file and then combine these hashes into a single hash which I can then transfer and then re-calculate/use for comparison on the remote side. If the "combined hash" differs, then I'd start sending the 7 individual hashes to determine exactly which file(s) have been changed. For example, here are the MD5 hashes for the 7 files as of last week: 0709d609d69385255c496436eb50402c 709465a74411bd596595c7b9b158ae6a 4ab657320ef33e3d5eb498e4c13d41b7 3b49c6ab199994fd776bb63761414e72 0fc28c5a010fc3c06c0c930c88e31a15 c4ecd214662cac5aae0e53f6f252bf0e 8b086431e43148a2c2d943ba30d31cc6 I'd like to combine these hashes together such that I get a single unique value (perhaps another MD5 hash?) that I can then send to the remote system. On the remote system, I'd then perform the same calculation to determine if the data as a whole has been changed. If it has, then I'd start sending the individual hashes, etc. The most important factor is that my "combined hash" be short enough so that it uses less bandwidth than just sending all 7 hashes in the first place. I thought of writing the 7 MD5 hashes to a file and then hashing that file but is there a better way?

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  • How do I call +class methods in Objective C without referencing the class?

    - by TimM
    I have a series of "policy" objects which I thought would be convenient to implement as class methods on a set of policy classes. I have specified a protocol for this, and created classes to conform to (just one shown below) @protocol Counter +(NSInteger) countFor: (Model *)model; @end @interface CurrentListCounter : NSObject <Counter> +(NSInteger) countFor: (Model *)model; @end I then have an array of the classes that conform to this protocol (like CurrentListCounter does) +(NSArray *) availableCounters { return [[[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects: [CurrentListCounter class],[AllListsCounter class], nil] autorelease]; } Notice how I am using the classes like objects (and this might be my problem - in Smalltalk classes are objects like everything else - I'm not sure if they are in Objective-C?) My exact problem is when I want to call the method when I take one of the policy objects out of the array: id<Counter> counter = [[MyModel availableCounters] objectAtIndex: self.index]; return [counter countFor: self]; I get a warning on the return statement - it says -countFor: not found in protocol (so its assuming its an instance method where I want to call a class method). However as the objects in my array are instances of class, they are now like instance methods (or conceptually they should be). Is there a magic way to call class methods? Or is this just a bad idea and I should just create instances of my policy objects (and not use class methods)?

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  • WCF with MANY database connections

    - by Jorge Dominguez
    I'm working in the development of an ERP type .Net WinForms application consuming a WCF service. It's to be used by many small companies (in the range of 100-200). Database is SQL Server 2008 and the service will be hosted as a Windows service. Even thought there will be a single DB Server, our customer insists in having separate databases for each company. That is because of stability/support concerns (like DB being damaged or took offline for some reason thus affecting all clients). Concerns coming from previous experiences (not necessarily with same platform). With a single database, connections to the DB would be opened at service start up and pooling used, but, I'm not sure how connections could be managed in a multiple DB scenario: Could a connection to the corresponding DB be opened and closed for each service request? would performance be acceptable? If a connection is opened and maintained for each company accessing the system, what's the practical limit of opened connections (to different databases)? It would be very interesting to hear your opinions and suggestions for this situation. Tanks

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  • "Abstract static" method - how?

    - by polyglot
    There are already several SO questions on why there is not abstract static method/field as such, but I'm wondering about how one would go about implementing the following psuedo-code: class Animal { abstract static int getNumberOfLegs(); // not possible } class Chicken inherits Animal { static int getNumberOfLegs() { return 2; } class Dog inherits Animal { static int getNumberOfLegs() { return 4; } Here is the problem: Assuming that I want make sure that every class that inherits Animal to contain getNumberOfLegs() method (i.e. almost like an interface, except I do want the abstract class to implement several methods that are common to all child classes, hence pure interface does not work here). getNumberOfLegs() obviously should be a static method (assuming that in a perfect world we dont' have crippled chicken and dogs so getNumberOfLegs is not instance-dependent). Without an "abstract static" method/field, one can either leave the method out from Animal class, then there is the risk that some child class do not have that method. Or one can make getNumberOfLegs an instance method, but then one would have to instantiate a class to find out how many legs that animal has - even though it is not necessary. How do one usually go about implementing this situation?

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  • Working with Java using methods and arrays [closed]

    - by jordan
    Hi i'm a newb at java and for one of my labs I have to create a instant messenger client with these requirements: add buddyList instance variable add IMClient constructor to create ArrayList addBuddy method removeBuddy method findBuddy method printBuddyList method what's the best way to go about this? so far I have this: public class IMClient { private String userId; // User id private String password; // Password private int status; // Status code for user: 1 - Online, 2 - Off-line, 3 - Away public IMClient(String userId, String password, int status) { super(); this.userId = userId; this.password = password; this.status = status; } // Returns true if password as a parameter matches password instance variable. public boolean checkPassword(String password) { return this.password.equals(password); } public String toString() { StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer(100); buf.append(" User id: "); buf.append(userId); buf.append(" Password: "); buf.append(password); buf.append(" Status: "); buf.append(status); return buf.toString(); } public String getUserId() { return userId; } public void setUserId(String userId) { this.userId = userId; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } public int getStatus() { return status; } public void setStatus(int status) { this.status = status; } public static void main(String[] args) { } }

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  • How to store and locate multiple interface types within a Delphi TInterfaceList

    - by Brian Frost
    Hi, I'm storing small interfaces from a range of objects into a single TInterfaceList 'store' with the intention of offering list of specific interface types to the end user, so each interface will expose a 'GetName' function but all other methods are unique to that interface type. For example here are two interfaces: IBase = interface //---------------------------------------- function GetName : string; //---------------------------------------- end; IMeasureTemperature = interface(IBase) //------------------------------------ function MeasureTemperature : double; //---------------------------------------- end; IMeasureHumidity = interface(IBase) //---------------------------------------- function MeasureHumidity: double; //---------------------------------------- end; I put several of these interfaces into a single TInterfaceList and then I'd like to scan the list for a specific interface type (e.g. 'IMeasureTemperature') building another list of pointers to the objects exporting those interfaces. I wish to make no assumptions about the locations of those objects, some may export more than one type of interface. I know I could do this with a class hierarchy using something like: If FList[I] is TMeasureTemperature then .. but I'd like to do something simliar with an interface type, Is this possible?

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  • Does IE completely ignore cache control headers for AJAX requests?

    - by Joshua Hayworth
    Hello there, I've got, what I would consider, a simple test web site. A single page with a single button. Here is a copy of the source I'm working with if you would like to download it and play with it. When that button is clicked, it creates a JavaScript timer that executes once a second. When the timer function is executed, An AJAX call is made to retrieve a text value. That text value is then placed into the DOM. What's my problem? IE Caching. Crack open Task Manager and watch what happens to the iexplorer.exe process (IE 8.0.7600.16385 for me) while the timer in that page is executing. See the memory and handle count getting larger? Why is that happening when, by all accounts, I have caching turned off. I've got the jQuery cache option set to false in $.ajaxSetup. I've got the CacheControl header set to no-cache and no-store. The Expires header is set to DateTime.Now.AddDays(-1). The headers are set in both the page code-behind as well as the HTTP Handler's response. Anybody got any ideas as to how I could prevent IE from caching the results of the AJAX call? Here is what the iexplorer.exe process looks like in ProcessMonitor. I believe that the activity shown in this picture is exactly what I'm attempting to prevent.

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  • Detecting the axis of rotation from a pointcloud

    - by tfinniga
    I'm trying to auto-detect the axis of rotation on a 3d pointcloud. In other words, if I took a small 3d pointcloud, chose a single axis of rotation, and make several copies of the points at different rotation angles, then I get a larger pointcloud. The input to my algorithm is the larger pointcloud, and the desired output is the single axis of symmetry. And eventually I'm going to compute the correspondences between points that are rotations of each other. The size of the larger pointcloud is on the order of 100K points, and the number of rotational copies made is unknown. The rotation angles in my case have constant deltas, but don't necessarily span 360 degrees. For example, I might have 0, 20, 40, 60. Or I might have 0, 90, 180, 270. But I won't have 0, 13, 78, 212 (or if I do, I don't care to detect it). This seems like a computer vision problem, but I'm having trouble figuring out how to precisely find the axis. The input will generally be very clean, close to float accuracy.

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  • Django - Weird behaviour of sessions variables with Apache

    - by Étienne Loks
    In a Menu class with Section children, each Section has an available attribute. This attribute is initialized during the instance creation. The process of getting the availability is not trivial, so I stock a Menu instance for each user in a session variable. With the Django embedded webserver this works well. But when I deploy the application on an Apache webserver I can observe a very weird behavior. Once authentified, a click on a link or a refreshment of the page and the availability of each Section seems to be forgotten (empty menu but in the log file I can see that all Sections are here) then a new refresh on the page the availability is back, a new refresh the menu disappears once again, etc. There is no cache activated on the web server. The menu is initialized in a context processor. def get_base_context(request): if 'MENU' not in request.session or \ not request.session['MENU'].childs or\ request.session['MENU'].user != request.user: _menu = Menu(request.user) _menu.init() request.session['MENU'] = _menu (...) I have no idea what could cause such a behavior. Any clue?

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  • Same random numbers from instantiated class

    - by user1797202
    I'm learning C# and created a class within my program that holds a random number generator: class RandomNumberGenerator { Random RNG = new Random(); // A bunch of methods that use random numbers are in here } Inside this class are a few methods that use the RNG. Data gets sent here from other parts of the program, gets processed, then gets returned. One of the methods does the following: // Method works something like this int Value1 = RNG.Next(x, y); int Value2 = RNG.Next(x, y); int Value3 = RNG.Next(x, y); The x, y values are to be sent here from another class. So, I have to create an instance of the RandomNumberGenerator within that class so I can call its methods and pass the x and y values to it. class DoStuff { RandomNumberGenerator Randomizer = new RandomNumberGenerator // Here I call a bunch of Randomizer methods that give me values I need } The problem in the above method is that I get the same numbers every time for all three values. I'm not sure if it's because they're so close together and Randomizer's seed value hasn't had time to change or if I'm doing something wrong when I create a new instance of the RandomNumberGenerator class. I've gone through a bunch of answers on here already and typically problems like this are due to people creating many new Random objects when they run methods (thus setting the seed for all of them to the same value), but the only new Random object I create is within the RandomNumberGenerator class. I then instantiate that once within the other class so I can pass it data and use its methods. Why is this happening and how would I fix this?

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  • Easy ways to investigate unknown Python APIs

    - by jedi_coder
    When studying a snippet of unknown Python code, I occasionally bump into the varName.methodName() pattern. To figure out what's this, I shall study the code more, find where varName was instantiated, find its type. So if varName proves to be an instance of ClassName class, I would knew that methodName() is a method of ClassName. Sometimes varName == self and methodName() is a method of this class, or a method inherited from some other class, if the current class is subclassing some other classes. Are there quick ways / tools that could take 'methodName' as input, scan over all installed Python modules and show which classes have methodName()? The closest thing related to this I know of is ipython. If I type a class name, then dot ('.') then TAB, it can show the class members. Instead of a class I could use a name of an object (which is an instance of a certain class) and it would work too. As soon as I choose a method name from the provided options, I can type '?' or '??' and get some help if there's a docstring. I wonder if ipython can do some intelligent scanning based only on 'methodName' string. If you know alternatives to ipython that could possibly help with this, please do suggest them.

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  • Is it possible to have WAMP run httpd.exe as user [myself] instead of local SYSTEM?

    - by Olivier H
    Hello! I run a django application over apache with mod_wsgi, using WAMP. A certain URL allows me to stream the content of image files, the paths of which are stored in database. The files can be located whether on local machine or under network drive (\my\network\folder). With the development server (manage.py runserver), I have no trouble at all reading and streaming the files. With WAMP, and with network drive files, I get a IOError : obviously because the httpd instance does not have read permission on said drive. In the task manager, I see that httpd.exe is run by SYSTEM. I would like to tell WAMP to run the server as [myself] as I have read and write permissions on the shared folder. (eventually, the production server should be run by a 'www-admin' user having the permissions) Mapping the network shared folder on a drive letter (Z: for instance) does not solve this at all. The User/Group directives in httpd.conf do not seem to have any kind of influence on Apache's behaviour. I've also regedited : I tried to duplicate the HKLM[...]\wampapache registry key under HK_CURRENT_USER\ and rename the original key, but then the new key does not seem to be found when I cmd this > httpd.exe -n wampapache -k start or when I run WAMP. I've run out of ideas :) Has anybody ever had the same issue?

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  • Using an unencoded key vs a real Key, benefits?

    - by user246114
    Hi, I am reading the docs for Key generation in app engine. I'm not sure what effect using a simple String key has over a real Key. For example, when my users sign up, they must supply a unique username: class User { /** Key type = unencoded string. */ @PrimaryKey private String name; } now if I understand the docs correctly, I should still be able to generate named keys and entity groups using this, right?: // Find an instance of this entity: User user = pm.findObjectById(User.class, "myusername"); // Create a new obj and put it in same entity group: Key key = new KeyFactory.Builder( User.class.getSimpleName(), "myusername") .addChild(Goat.class.getSimpleName(), "baa").getKey(); Goat goat = new Goat(); goat.setKey(key); pm.makePersistent(goat); the Goat instance should now be in the same entity group as that User, right? I mean there's no problem with leaving the User's primary key as just the raw String? Is there a performance benefit to using a Key though? Should I update to: class User { /** Key type = unencoded string. */ @PrimaryKey private Key key; } // Generate like: Key key = KeyFactory.createKey( User.class.getSimpleName(), "myusername"); user.setKey(key); it's almost the same thing, I'd still just be generating the Key using the unique username anyway, Thanks

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  • Why would one want to use the public constructors on Boolean and similar immutable classes?

    - by Robert J. Walker
    (For the purposes of this question, let us assume that one is intentionally not using auto(un)boxing, either because one is writing pre-Java 1.5 code, or because one feels that autounboxing makes it too easy to create NullPointerExceptions.) Take Boolean, for example. The documentation for the Boolean(boolean) constructor says: Note: It is rarely appropriate to use this constructor. Unless a new instance is required, the static factory valueOf(boolean) is generally a better choice. It is likely to yield significantly better space and time performance. My question is, why would you ever want to get a new instance in the first place? It seems like things would be simpler if constructors like that were private. For example, if they were, you could write this with no danger (even if myBoolean were null): if (myBoolean == Boolean.TRUE) It'd be safe because all true Booleans would be references to Boolean.TRUE and all false Booleans would be references to Boolean.FALSE. But because the constructors are public, someone may have used them, which means that you have to write this instead: if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(myBoolean)) But where it really gets bad is when you want to check two Booleans for equality. Something like this: if (myBooleanA == myBooleanB) ...becomes this: if ( (myBooleanA == null && myBooleanB == null) || (myBooleanA == null && myBooleanA.equals(myBooleanB)) ) I can't think of any reason to have separate instances of these objects which is more compelling than not having to do the nonsense above. What say you?

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  • dynamic inheritance without touching classes

    - by Jasper
    I feel like the answer to this question is really simple, but I really am having trouble finding it. So here goes: Suppose you have the following classes: class Base; class Child : public Base; class Displayer { public: Displayer(Base* element); Displayer(Child* element); } Additionally, I have a Base* object which might point to either an instance of the class Base or an instance of the class Child. Now I want to create a Displayer based on the element pointed to by object, however, I want to pick the right version of the constructor. As I currently have it, this would accomplish just that (I am being a bit fuzzy with my C++ here, but I think this the clearest way) object->createDisplayer(); virtual void Base::createDisplayer() { new Displayer(this); } virtual void Child::createDisplayer() { new Displayer(this); } This works, however, there is a problem with this: Base and Child are part of the application system, while Displayer is part of the GUI system. I want to build the GUI system independently of the Application system, so that it is easy to replace the GUI. This means that Base and Child should not know about Displayer. However, I do not know how I can achieve this without letting the Application classes know about the GUI. Am I missing something very obvious or am I trying something that is not possible?

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  • MVC design pattern in complex iPad app: is one fat controller acceptable?

    - by nutsmuggler
    I am building a complex iPad application; think of it as a scrapbook. For the purpose of this question, let's consider a page with two images over it. My main view displays my doc data rendered as a single UIImage; this because I need to do some global manipulation over them. This is my DisplayView. When editing I need to instantiate an EditorView with my two images as subviews; this way I can interact with a single image, (rotate it, scale it, move it). When editing is triggered, I hide my DisplayView and show my EditorView. In a iPhone app, I'd associate each main view (that is, a view filling the screen) to a view controller. The problem is here there is just one view controller; I've considered passing the EditorView via a modal view controller, but it's not an option (there a complex layout with a mask covering everything and palettes over it; rebuilding it in the EditorView would create duplicate code). Presently the EditorView incorporates some logic (loads data from the model, invokes some subviews for fine editing, saves data back to the model); EditorView subviews also incorporate some logic (I manipulate images and pass them back to the main EditorView). I feel this logic belongs more to a controller. On the other hand, I am not sure making my only view controller so fat a good idea. What is the best, cocoa-ish implementation of such a class structure? Feel free to ask for clarifications. Cheers.

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