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• Print Data Frame with Columns Center Aligned in R

  - by Glen

  I would like to print a data frame where the columns are center aligned. Below is what I have I tried, I thought printing the data frame test1 would result in the columns being aligned in the center but this is not the case. Any thoughts on how I can do this? test=data.frame(x=c(1,2,3),y=c(5,6,7)) names(test)=c('Variable 1','Variable 2') test[,1]=as.character(test[,1]) test[,2]=as.character(test[,2]) test1=format(test,justify='centre') print(test,row.names=FALSE,quote=FALSE) Variable 1 Variable 2 1 5 2 6 3 7 print(test1,row.names=FALSE,quote=FALSE) Variable 1 Variable 2 1 5 2 6 3 7

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• Would popup blockers stop a URL which pops up only when the user clicked on something?

  - by tomeaton

  I'm currently building a web application that can can track a users actions on a particular website and pop a URL if the user takes certain actions, such as: first click, responding to a question by clicking yes / no, clicking a submit button, or exiting the site. It is important that these URLs are served to the user and are not blocked by pop-up blockers. It is my understanding that there are certain exceptions within the major internet browsers that allow pop-ups if they are served based on some user action, rather than serving an unsolicited pop? Is this true? How do I design this web application so that it can serve these pops (and not have them blocked).

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• Automated browser testing: How to test JavaScript in web pages?

  - by Dave

  I am trying to write an application that will test a series of web-pages programmatically. The web pages being tested have JavaScript embedded within them which alter the structure of the HTML when they complete execution. It is then the goal to take the final HTML (post-execution of the embedded JavaScript) and compare it against a known output. Essentially, the Input --- Output for the test application is: URL ---[retrieve HTML]--- HTML ---[execute JS, then compare]--- PASS/FAIL Here is the challenge: I have been unable to find a solution that is able to take the HTML I retrieve from the URL and process the JavaScript, as a browser would, and generate the final HTML a user might see from "View Source" on the same page within the browser. It would be very surprising if this sort of approach has not been made before, so I'm hoping someone out there knows of a fitting solution for this application/problem? If at all possible, I'm hoping for a solution that integrates with .NET (I've tried using the WebBrowser, with no luck). However, if there is an existing 3rd party application that can do exactly this, that would be quite acceptable. Thanks in advance for the suggestions! Dave

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• define macro in C wont work

  - by Spidfire

  Im trying to make a macro in C that can tell if a char is a hex number ( 0-9 a-z A-Z) #define _hex(x) (((x) >= "0" && (x) <= "9" )||( (x) >= "a" && (x) <= "z") || ((x) >= "A" && (x) <= "Z") ? "true" : "false") this what ive come up with but it wont work with a loop like this char a; for(a = "a" ; a < "z";a++){ printf("%s => %s",a, _hex(a)); } but it gives a error test.c:8: warning: assignment makes integer from pointer without a cast test.c:8: warning: comparison between pointer and integer test.c:9: warning: comparison between pointer and integer test.c:9: warning: comparison between pointer and integer test.c:9: warning: comparison between pointer and integer test.c:9: warning: comparison between pointer and integer test.c:9: warning: comparison between pointer and integer test.c:9: warning: comparison between pointer and integer

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• mod_rewrite [L] flag not working as expected?

  - by bobobobo

  I thought the [L] flag indicated that "this rule should be the last rule processed for this http request.." However when I have 2 rules like: RewriteRule ^test$ php/test.php [L] RewriteRule (.*) error.php What always happens is requests to http://localhost/test go to error.php, not to test.php as I expected, since I put the [L] there. If you comment out the second rule there, then requests to http://localhost/test go to test.php as expected. What I'm really trying to do is catch 404 errors with mod_rewrite. Its possible what I'm trying to do is just plain wrong. But I still want to know why the catch-all rule is active since I did put an [L] after the ^test rule. I see a large listing in here where the server admin lists a bunch of paths that begin with the recognized directories, but I wanted to avoid doing this by simply using a nice catch-all rule.

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• Given a user control with a form containing validation can I validate entirely server side?

  - by JoshBaltzell

  We have an existing User Control that was built to dynamically generate a web form for an end user. This form includes required field validators, custom validators that use server side code and Regular Expression validatiors. We now have a need to use all these validators to verify that all the needed data is entered when using a separate ordering process that cannot be validated in the same way, but has the same validation requirements before it is added to the database. I would like to use this user control to validate the input by passing it all the values and checking the validation summary. The only way I know how to do this is to render it to a page on the client side and trigger the form submit. Is there any way to populate and validate a web form entirely on the server side?

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• Facebook access_token: how do I get it once the user accepted my app?

  - by hoktar

  When a user visits my site which contains a facebook app the first time, it requires him to allow it and he gets promted to do that, then I get the code which I can convert to an access_token. So far so good. But how do I get the token once the user has already visited the site? As long as this token form the first time is active everything is fine. But how do I get another token when the user had already allowed the app a week ago and is only visiting my page again?

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• Determining smallest number of samples for 99% accuracy

  - by test

  I'm trying to compare 100,000 records on a local database (L) with 100,000 records on a remote database (R). Basically I want to know if an elment in L exusts in R. To determine that, I have to make a request against the R for each L, which takes a long time (I know, there should be a better way, there isn't, that's the API I've got). So I would like to test a small sample of L against R, and then infer with some level of confidence how many are present in the whole R. How many do I have to test to have a 99% confidence level?

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• Dovecot Virtual Users Not Authenticating

  - by blankabout

  We have a standard Postfix/Dovecot installation working perfectly with real users but cannot work out how to add virtual users, all virtual user login attempts fail with authentication errors. Following are snippets from the configuration files: /etc/postfix/main.cf: virtual_mailbox_domains = virtualexample.com virtual_mailbox_base = /var/spool/vhosts virtual_mailbox_recipients = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual_mailbox_recipients /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf: !include conf.d/*.conf /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf auth_mechanisms = cram-md5 digest-md5 plain passdb { driver = passwd-file # Path for passwd-file. Also set the default password scheme. args = scheme=cram-md5 /etc/cram-md5.pwd } /etc/cram-md5.pwd [email protected]{MD5}$1$uIMvzy92$9Xt67B/qw4u6txkkxzne80 This is a snippet from the log when a login attempt is made: auth: Debug: Loading modules from directory: /usr/lib64/dovecot/auth auth: Debug: Module loaded: /usr/lib64/dovecot/auth/libauthdb_ldap.so auth: Debug: Module loaded: /usr/lib64/dovecot/auth/libdriver_sqlite.so auth: Debug: Module loaded: /usr/lib64/dovecot/auth/libmech_gssapi.so auth: Debug: passwd-file /etc/cram-md5.pwd: Read 1 users auth: Debug: auth client connected (pid=21990) auth: Debug: client in: AUTH#0111#011CRAM-MD5#011service=imap#011lip=1.1.1.1#011rip=2.2.2.2#011lport=143#011rport=51774 auth: Debug: client out: CONT#0111#011PDI1Njc0NjQ1NzQ3MTY0NTkuMTM0MTIxNzkwN0BncDM+ auth: Debug: client in: CONT auth: Debug: passwd-file([email protected],2.2.2.2): lookup: [email protected] file=/etc/cram-md5.pwd auth: Debug: client out: OK#0111#[email protected] auth: Debug: master in: REQUEST#0111630404609#01121990#0111#011b66b5f46b520a08e1d19d3d249be7073 auth: Debug: passwd([email protected],2.2.2.2): lookup auth: passwd([email protected],2.2.2.2): unknown user auth: Error: userdb([email protected],2.2.2.2): user not found from userdb passwd auth: Debug: master out: NOTFOUND#0111630404609 imap: Error: Authenticated user not found from userdb, auth lookup id=1630404609 (client-pid=21990 client-id=1) imap-login: Internal login failure (pid=21990 id=1) (auth failed, 1 attempts): user=, method=CRAM-MD5, rip=2.2.2.2, lip=1.1.1.1, mpid=21993 auth: Debug: auth client connected (pid=22010) auth: Debug: client in: AUTH#0111#011CRAM-MD5#011service=imap#011lip=1.1.1.1#011rip=2.2.2.2#011lport=143#011rport=51775 auth: Debug: client out: CONT#0111#011PDcxMDkwNDY1NTQzODUzMDkuMTM0MTIxNzkyOEBncDM+ auth: Debug: client in: CONT auth: Debug: passwd-file([email protected],2.2.2.2): lookup: [email protected] file=/etc/cram-md5.pwd auth: Debug: client out: OK#0111#[email protected] auth: Debug: master in: REQUEST#011343539713#01122010#0111#011e47b1345784e2845d59e794afa9a6bbe auth: Debug: passwd([email protected],2.2.2.2): lookup auth: passwd([email protected],2.2.2.2): unknown user auth: Error: userdb([email protected],2.2.2.2): user not found from userdb passwd auth: Debug: master out: NOTFOUND#011343539713 imap: Error: Authenticated user not found from userdb, auth lookup id=343539713 (client-pid=22010 client-id=1) imap-login: Internal login failure (pid=22010 id=1) (auth failed, 1 attempts): user=, method=CRAM-MD5, rip=2.2.2.2, lip=1.1.1.1, mpid=22011 It would appear that the user lookup is not working, even tho' the log suggests that Dovecot is using the /etc/cram-md5.pwd file and the user is configured in that same file. There are of course dozens of examples of using virtual users with Dovecot, but all the ones we have found either refer to Dovecot 1.x (we are using 2.x), using only virtual users (we must use real AND virtual users) or want to use a MySQL db, we need to use a text file. Some hints about where we are going wrong would be very much appreciated.

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• Wordpress Permissions OS X & MAMP

  - by Matt2020

  I have installed several local versions of Wordpress for development purposes. After the install I can create posts, pages and edit admin options. However as soon as try to upload images which would be saved in wp_content/uploads I get an error: Upload Error: Unable to create directory ...../blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/05. Is its parent directory writable by the server? Looks like MAMP server runs as user _www The blog directory is owned by User1 and the group User1 _www is not in the User1 group, should it be? I do not want to chmod 777 or 765 on the directories just to get it going. Googled up a couple of references: http://codex.wordpress.org/Changing_File_Permissions in "Permission Scheme for WordPress" All files should be owned by your user (ftp) account on your web server, and should be writable by that account. On shared hosts, files should never be owned by the webserver process itself (sometimes this is www, or apache, or nobody user). Any file that needs write access from WordPress should be owned or group-owned by the user account used by the WordPress (which may be different than the server account). For example, you may have a user account that lets you FTP files back and forth to your server, but your server itself may run using a separate user, in a separate usergroup, such as dhapache or nobody. If WordPress is running as the FTP account, that account needs to have write access, i.e., be the owner of the files, or belong to a group that has write access. In the latter case, that would mean permissions are set more permissively than default (for example, 775 rather than 755 for folders, and 664 instead of 644). User and group are User1 (which is admin). Running "ps aux | grep httpd" is running as _www So I think this means Wordpress is running as user _www. So the advice seems contradictory: "files should never be owned by the webserver process" i.e. _www but then later it says "Any file that needs write access from WordPress should be owned or group-owned by the user account used by the WordPress" So isn't this _www again? Another search found this url http://dancingengineer.com/computing/2009/07/how-to-install-wordpress-on-mac-os-x-leopard States Which says: My preferred way to do this is to change the group of the wordpress directory and its contents to _www and give write permissions to the group. Keep the owner as your "username". $ cd /Users/"username"/Sites $ sudo chown -R username:_www wordpress_directory $ sudo chmod -R g+w wordpress_directory However, when I tried this, it did not work for automatic upgrades to newer versions of WordPress although it worked for automatically updating the .htaccess file for pretty permalinks. It is not entirely clear to me what should be done. This last suggestion seems to be saying change the group from User1 to _www and give the group write access, but Wordpress upgrades won't work. Is this the right solution? I would have thought there would be a clear way to set this up on OS X 10.6? Be great if there was a plugin that could run a script for each of the main OS's that Wordpress runs on.

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• illegitimate traffic from user agent Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.9.0.10) Gecko/2009042316 Firefox/3.0.10 (.NET CLR 3.5.30729)

  - by user114293

  Since the beginning of the year, I'm getting a lot of traffic with the user agent Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.9.0.10) Gecko/2009042316 Firefox/3.0.10 (.NET CLR 3.5.30729). My access logs show 40% - 60% from that user agent. That's strange because the user agent states a Firefox 3.0.10 browser (is anybody using that browser in 2012? Definitely not 40%-60% of visitors on a normal website). Also, the logs show that this user agent only requested the HTML document and no referenced assets like images, css, js files. I checked the IPs of those requests (with that UA). It's coming from all over the world. I recognized that those IPs sometimes have a mobile user agent. So my suspicion is a mobile app that is doing a lot of "spider requests" - but if that would be the case than other web sites should have the same problem. That's actually my question: Does anybody experience same/similar problems?

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• Best practices for evaluating a new laptop before deployment to user?

  - by steveng1999

  I'm currently assigned the task of standardizing new laptops before deploying them to the field. Are there certain guidelines to evaluating a new test laptop. As for example, the processor speed, the applications used, the load on the CPU and RAM.

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• Best practives for evaluating a new laptop before deployment to user?

  - by steveng1999

  I'm currently assigned the task of standardizing new laptops before deploying them to the field. Are their certain guidelines to evaluating a new test laptop. As for example, the processor speed, the applications used, the load on the CPU and RAM.

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• The Challenge with HTML5 – In Pictures

  - by dwahlin

  I love working with Web technologies and am looking forward to the new functionality that HTML5 will ultimately bring to the table (some of which can be used today). Having been through the div versus layer battle back in the IE4 and Netscape 4 days I think we’re headed down that road again as a result of browsers implementing features differently. I’ve been spending a lot of time researching and playing around with HTML5 samples and features (mainly because we’re already seeing demand for training on HTML5) and there’s a lot of great stuff there that will truly revolutionize web applications as we know them. However, browsers just aren’t there yet and many people outside of the development world don’t really feel a need to upgrade their browser if it’s working reasonably well (Mom and Dad come to mind) so it’s going to be awhile. There’s a nice test site at http://www.HTML5Test.com that runs through different HTML5 features and scores how well they’re supported. They don’t test for everything and are very clear about that on the site: “The HTML5 test score is only an indication of how well your browser supports the upcoming HTML5 standard and related specifications. It does not try to test all of the new features offered by HTML5, nor does it try to test the functionality of each feature it does detect. Despite these shortcomings we hope that by quantifying the level of support users and web developers will get an idea of how hard the browser manufacturers work on improving their browsers and the web as a development platform. The score is calculated by testing for the many new features of HTML5. Each feature is worth one or more points. Apart from the main HTML5 specification and other specifications created the W3C HTML Working Group, this test also awards points for supporting related drafts and specifications. Some of these specifications were initially part of HTML5, but are now further developed by other W3C working groups. WebGL is also part of this test despite not being developed by the W3C, because it extends the HTML5 canvas element with a 3d context. The test also awards bonus points for supporting audio and video codecs and supporting SVG or MathML embedding in a plain HTML document. These test do not count towards the total score because HTML5 does not specify any required audio or video codec. Also SVG and MathML are not required by HTML5, the specification only specifies rules for how such content should be embedded inside a plain HTML file. Please be aware that the specifications that are being tested are still in development and could change before receiving an official status. In the future new tests will be added for the pieces of the specification that are currently still missing. The maximum number of points that can be scored is 300 at this moment, but this is a moving goalpost.” It looks like their tests haven’t been updated since June, but the numbers are pretty scary as a developer because it means I’m going to have to do a lot of browser sniffing before assuming a particular feature is available to use. Not that much different from what we do today as far as browser sniffing you say? I’d have to disagree since HTML5 takes it to a whole new level. In today’s world we have script libraries such as jQuery (my personal favorite), Prototype, script.aculo.us, YUI Library, MooTools, etc. that handle the heavy lifting for us. Until those libraries handle all of the key HTML5 features available it’s going to be a challenge. Certain features such as Canvas are supported fairly well across most of the major browsers while other features such as audio and video are hit or miss depending upon what codec you want to use. Run the tests yourself to see what passes and what fails for different browsers. You can also view the HTML5 Test Suite Conformance Results at http://test.w3.org/html/tests/reporting/report.htm (a work in progress). The table below lists the scores that the HTML5Test site returned for different browsers I have installed on my desktop PC and laptop. A specific list of tests run and features supported are given when you go to the site. Note that I went ahead and tested the IE9 beta and it didn’t do nearly as good as I expected it would, but it’s not officially out yet so I expect that number will change a lot. Am I opposed to HTML5 as a result of these tests? Of course not - I’m actually really excited about what it offers.  However, I’m trying to be realistic and feel it'll definitely add a new level of headache to the Web application development process having been through something like this many years ago. On the flipside, developers that are able to target a specific browser (typically Intranet apps) or master the cross-browser issues are going to release some pretty sweet applications. Check out http://html5gallery.com/ for a look at some of the more cutting-edge sites out there that use HTML5. Also check out the http://www.beautyoftheweb.com site that Microsoft put together to showcase IE9. Chrome 8 Safari 5 for Windows     Opera 10 Firefox 3.6     Internet Explorer 9 Beta (Note that it’s still beta) Internet Explorer 8

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• SOA Suite 11g Dynamic Payload Testing with soapUI Free Edition

  - by Greg Mally

  Overview Many web service developers use soapUI for various tests like: smoke test, unit test, and load testing because you can get a free edition that is fairly robust. However, if you need to venture into more complex testing that requires a dynamic payload, then the free edition doesn't necessarily make it easy. This feature does exist in soapUI, but for obvious reasons it is in the Pro version. In this blog I will show you how to use soapUI free edition for dynamic payloads in a simplified example. Hopefully this will open the doors for you to expand into more complex scenarios. The following assumes that you have a working knowledge of soapUI and will not go into concepts like setting up a project etc. For the basics, please review the documentation for soapUI: http://www.soapui.org/Getting-Started/. Additionally, we will be using asynchronous web services and you can review the setup for this in my blog: SOA Suite 11g Asynchronous Testing with soapUI. Features in soapUI Free Edition Relating to this Topic The soapUI test tool provides a very feature rich environment that can do many things provided you are willing to go beyond point and click. For this example, we will be leveraging just a couple features for our dynamic payload example: Test Case Properties Scripting with Groovy Basically, we will be using a property as a global variable and we will manipulate that property using a Groovy script. Setting Up Our Property Properties are available throughout soapUI and here is a snippet from the soapUI website defining the locations: Projects : for handling Project scope values, for example a subscription ID TestSuite : for handling TestSuite scoped values, can be seen as "arguments" to a TestSuite TestCases : for handling TestCase scoped values, can be seen as "arguments" to a TestCase Properties TestStep : for providing local values/state within a TestCase Local TestStep properties : several TestStep types maintain their own list of properties specific to their functionality : DataSource, DataSink, Run TestCase MockServices : for handling MockService scoped values/arguments MockResponses : for handling MockResponse scoped values Global Properties : for handling Global properties, optionally from an external source For our example, we will be defining a custom property in a TestCase called SimpleAsyncPayload. The property can be created in either the Custom Properties tab located at the bottom of the Navigator panel when the TestCase is selected in the Navigator or the Properties label in the TestCase editor: Navigator Panel TestCase Editor You will notice that I set a value of “0” for the custom property. For this simplified example, we will need to retrieve that value and manipulate it prior to making the web service request invocation. In order to accomplish this, we will need to get Groovy ;) Let's Get Groovy We will now add a new Groovy Script step to the TestCase called Manipulate Payload: TestCase Editor > Append Step > Groovy Script Once we have added the Groovy Script step to our TestCase, we can open the Groovy Script editor to add the code to: Get the current value of the property we created called SimpleAsyncPayload. Convert the value of the property to an integer. Increment the value. Store the incremented value back into the TestCase property called SimpleAsyncPayload. The script should look something like the following: Groovy Script Editor – Manipulate Payload At this point we can test the script to see if it is working by simply running the TestCase (left-click on the green triangle in the upper left-hand corner of the TestCase editor). To verify if it ran correctly, we can look at the value of the SimpleAsyncPayload property which should now be 1: TestCase Editor – Run Results All that is left to complete the TestCase is to append another step of type Test Request. The information required to append the request is a name and an operation to invoke. In this example we will use the default name and select the SimpleAsyncBPELProcessBingd -> process as the operation (any other information being requested, simply use the defaults unless you are calling an asynchronous operation then do not add any assertions). We are now in familiar ground with the Test Request editor. Depending upon the type of operation you are invoking (synchronous or asynchronous), please update the request with the necessary information (e.g., callback information for asynchronous operations). We will now tweak the Test Request payload to retrieve the value of the SimpleAsyncPayload property. The soapUI editor makes this very simple: right-click in the payload and navigate to the property (e.g., right-click > Get Data.. > TestCase: [Groovy TestCase] > Property [SimpleAsyncPayload]): Test Request Editor – Insert Property Value Your payload should now look something like the following: Test Request Editor – Inserted Property Value Just like before, we are now ready to run the TestCase. If everything goes as expected we should see a response like the following: Message Viewer – Results of TestCase Run We are now setup to be able to run a stress test where the payload will change for each request. This simple example can be expanded to include multiple payload values, complex calculations in the scripts, or whatever can be done via the soapUI scripting. Hopefully you have found this useful and happy testing to you :)

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• What are some concise and comprehensive introductory guide to unit testing for a self-taught programmer [closed]

  - by Superbest

  I don't have much formal training in programming and I have learned most things by looking up solutions on the internet to practical problems I have. There are some areas which I think would be valuable to learn, but which ended up both being difficult to learn and easy to avoid learning for a self-taught programmer. Unit testing is one of them. Specifically, I am interested in tests in and for C#/.NET applications using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools in Visual Studio 2010 and/or 2012, but I really want a good introduction to the principles so language and IDE shouldn't matter much. At this time I'm interested in relatively trivial tests for small or medium sized programs (development time of weeks or months and mostly just myself developing). I don't necessarily intend to do test-driven development (I am aware that some say unit testing alone is supposed to be for developing features in TDD, and not an assurance that there are no bugs in the software, but unit testing is often the only kind of testing for which I have resources). I have found this tutorial which I feel gave me a decent idea of what unit tests and TDD looks like, but in trying to apply these ideas to my own projects, I often get confused by questions I can't answer and don't know how to answer, such as: What parts of my application and what sorts of things aren't necessarily worth testing? How fine grained should my tests be? Should they test every method and property separately, or work with a larger scope? What is a good naming convention for test methods? (since apparently the name of the method is the only way I will be able to tell from a glance at the test results table what works in my program and what doesn't) Is it bad to have many asserts in one test method? Since apparently VS2012 reports only that "an Assert.IsTrue failed within method MyTestMethod", and if MyTestMethod has 10 Assert.IsTrue statements, it will be irritating to figure out why a test is failing. If a lot of the functionality deals with writing and reading data to/from the disk in a not-exactly trivial fashion, how do I test that? If I provide a bunch of files as input by placing them in the program's directory, do I have to copy those files to the test project's bin/Debug folder now? If my program works with a large body of data and execution takes minutes or more, should my tests have it do the whole use all of the real data, a subset of it, or simulated data? If latter, how do I decide on the subset or how to simulate? Closely related to the previous point, if a class is such that its main operation happens in a state that is arrived to by the program after some involved operations (say, a class makes calculations on data derived from a few thousands of lines of code analyzing some raw data) how do I test just that class without inevitably ending up testing that class and all the other code that brings it to that state along with it? In general, what kind of approach should I use for test initialization? (hopefully that is the correct term, I mean preparing classes for testing by filling them in with appropriate data) How do I deal with private members? Do I just suck it up and assume that "not public = shouldn't be tested"? I have seen people suggest using private accessors and reflection, but these feel like clumsy and unsuited for regular use. Are these even good ideas? Is there anything like design patterns concerning testing specifically? I guess the main themes in what I'd like to learn more about are, (1) what are the overarching principles that should be followed (or at least considered) in every testing effort and (2) what are popular rules of thumb for writing tests. For example, at one point I recall hearing from someone that if a method is longer than 200 lines, it should be refactored - not a universally correct rule, but it has been quite helpful since I'd otherwise happily put hundreds of lines in single methods and then wonder why my code is so hard to read. Similarly I've found ReSharpers suggestions on member naming style and other things to be quite helpful in keeping my codebases sane. I see many resources both online and in print that talk about testing in the context of large applications (years of work, 10s of people or more). However, because I've never worked on such large projects, this context is very unfamiliar to me and makes the material difficult to follow and relate to my real world problems. Speaking of software development in general, advice given with the assumptions of large projects isn't always straightforward to apply to my own, smaller endeavors. Summary So my question is: What are some resources to learn about unit testing, for a hobbyist, self-taught programmer without much formal training? Ideally, I'm looking for a short and simple "bible of unit testing" which I can commit to memory, and then apply systematically by repeatedly asking myself "is this test following the bible of testing closely enough?" and then amending discrepancies if it doesn't.

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• Different fan behaviour in my laptop after upgrade, what to do now?

  - by student

  After upgrading from lubuntu 13.10 to 14.04 the fan of my laptop seems to run much more often than in 13.10. When it runs, it doesn't run continously but starts and stops every second. fwts fan results in Results generated by fwts: Version V14.03.01 (2014-03-27 02:14:17). Some of this work - Copyright (c) 1999 - 2014, Intel Corp. All rights reserved. Some of this work - Copyright (c) 2010 - 2014, Canonical. This test run on 12/05/14 at 21:40:13 on host Linux einstein 3.13.0-24-generic #47-Ubuntu SMP Fri May 2 23:30:00 UTC 2014 x86_64. Command: "fwts fan". Running tests: fan. fan: Simple fan tests. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Test 1 of 2: Test fan status. Test how many fans there are in the system. Check for the current status of the fan(s). PASSED: Test 1, Fan cooling_device0 of type Processor has max cooling state 10 and current cooling state 0. PASSED: Test 1, Fan cooling_device1 of type Processor has max cooling state 10 and current cooling state 0. PASSED: Test 1, Fan cooling_device2 of type LCD has max cooling state 15 and current cooling state 10. Test 2 of 2: Load system, check CPU fan status. Test how many fans there are in the system. Check for the current status of the fan(s). Loading CPUs for 20 seconds to try and get fan speeds to change. Fan cooling_device0 current state did not change from value 0 while CPUs were busy. Fan cooling_device1 current state did not change from value 0 while CPUs were busy. ADVICE: Did not detect any change in the CPU related thermal cooling device states. It could be that the devices are returning static information back to the driver and/or the fan speed is automatically being controlled by firmware using System Management Mode in which case the kernel interfaces being examined may not work anyway. ================================================================================ 3 passed, 0 failed, 0 warning, 0 aborted, 0 skipped, 0 info only. ================================================================================ 3 passed, 0 failed, 0 warning, 0 aborted, 0 skipped, 0 info only. Test Failure Summary ================================================================================ Critical failures: NONE High failures: NONE Medium failures: NONE Low failures: NONE Other failures: NONE Test |Pass |Fail |Abort|Warn |Skip |Info | ---------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ fan | 3| | | | | | ---------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ Total: | 3| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| ---------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ Here is the output of lsmod lsmod Module Size Used by i8k 14421 0 zram 18478 2 dm_crypt 23177 0 gpio_ich 13476 0 dell_wmi 12761 0 sparse_keymap 13948 1 dell_wmi snd_hda_codec_hdmi 46207 1 snd_hda_codec_idt 54645 1 rfcomm 69160 0 arc4 12608 2 dell_laptop 18168 0 bnep 19624 2 dcdbas 14928 1 dell_laptop bluetooth 395423 10 bnep,rfcomm iwldvm 232285 0 mac80211 626511 1 iwldvm snd_hda_intel 52355 3 snd_hda_codec 192906 3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_codec_idt,snd_hda_intel snd_hwdep 13602 1 snd_hda_codec snd_pcm 102099 3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_intel snd_page_alloc 18710 2 snd_pcm,snd_hda_intel snd_seq_midi 13324 0 snd_seq_midi_event 14899 1 snd_seq_midi snd_rawmidi 30144 1 snd_seq_midi coretemp 13435 0 kvm_intel 143060 0 kvm 451511 1 kvm_intel snd_seq 61560 2 snd_seq_midi_event,snd_seq_midi joydev 17381 0 serio_raw 13462 0 iwlwifi 169932 1 iwldvm pcmcia 62299 0 snd_seq_device 14497 3 snd_seq,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq_midi snd_timer 29482 2 snd_pcm,snd_seq lpc_ich 21080 0 cfg80211 484040 3 iwlwifi,mac80211,iwldvm yenta_socket 41027 0 pcmcia_rsrc 18407 1 yenta_socket pcmcia_core 23592 3 pcmcia,pcmcia_rsrc,yenta_socket binfmt_misc 17468 1 snd 69238 17 snd_hwdep,snd_timer,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_codec_idt,snd_pcm,snd_seq,snd_rawmidi,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_intel,snd_seq_device,snd_seq_midi soundcore 12680 1 snd parport_pc 32701 0 mac_hid 13205 0 ppdev 17671 0 lp 17759 0 parport 42348 3 lp,ppdev,parport_pc firewire_ohci 40409 0 psmouse 102222 0 sdhci_pci 23172 0 sdhci 43015 1 sdhci_pci firewire_core 68769 1 firewire_ohci crc_itu_t 12707 1 firewire_core ahci 25819 2 libahci 32168 1 ahci i915 783485 2 wmi 19177 1 dell_wmi i2c_algo_bit 13413 1 i915 drm_kms_helper 52758 1 i915 e1000e 254433 0 drm 302817 3 i915,drm_kms_helper ptp 18933 1 e1000e pps_core 19382 1 ptp video 19476 1 i915 I tried one answer to the similar question: loud fan on Ubuntu 14.04 and created a /etc/i8kmon.conf like the following: # Run as daemon, override with --daemon option set config(daemon) 1 # Automatic fan control, override with --auto option set config(auto) 1 # Status check timeout (seconds), override with --timeout option set config(timeout) 2 # Report status on stdout, override with --verbose option set config(verbose) 1 # Temperature thresholds: {fan_speeds low_ac high_ac low_batt high_batt} set config(0) {{0 0} -1 55 -1 55} set config(1) {{0 1} 50 60 55 65} set config(2) {{1 1} 55 80 60 85} set config(3) {{2 2} 70 128 75 128} With this setup the fan goes on even if the temperature is below 50 degree celsius (I don't see a pattern). However I get the impression that the CPU got's hotter in average than without this file. What changes from 13.10 to 14.04 may be responsible for this? If this is a bug, for which package I should report the bug?

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• (PHP) User is being forced to RE-LOGIN after trying to do something on an admin page

  - by hatorade

  I have created an admin panel for a client in PHP, which requires a login. Here is the code at the top of the admin page requiring the user to be logged in: admin.php <?php session_start(); require("_lib/session_functions.php"); require("_lib/db.php"); db_connect(); //if the user has not logged in if(!isLoggedIn()) { header('Location: login_form.php'); die(); } ?> Obviously, the if statement is what catches them and forces them to log in. Here is the code on the resulting login page: login_form.php <form name="login" action="login.php" method="post"> Username: <input type="text" name="username" /> Password: <input type="password" name="password" /> <input type="submit" value="Login" /> </form> Which posts info to this controller page: login.php <?php session_start(); //must call session_start before using any $_SESSION variables include '_lib/session_functions.php'; $username = $_POST['username']; $password = $_POST['password']; include '_lib/db.php'; db_connect(); // Connect to the DB $username = mysql_real_escape_string($username); $query = "SELECT password, salt FROM users WHERE username = '$username';"; $result = mysql_query($query); if(mysql_num_rows($result) < 1) //no such user exists { header('Location: login_form.php?login=fail'); die(); } $userData = mysql_fetch_array($result, MYSQL_ASSOC); db_disconnect(); $hash = hash('sha256', $password . $userData['salt']); if($hash != $userData['password']) //incorrect password { header('Location: login_form.php?login=fail'); die(); } else { validateUser(); //sets the session data for this user } header('Location: admin.php'); ?> and the session functions page that provides login functions contains this: session_functions.php <?php function validateUser() { session_regenerate_id (); //this is a security measure $_SESSION['valid'] = 1; $_SESSION['userid'] = $username; } function isLoggedIn() { if($_SESSION['valid']) return true; return false; } function logout() { $_SESSION = array(); //destroy all of the session variables if (ini_get("session.use_cookies")) { $params = session_get_cookie_params(); setcookie(session_name(), '', time() - 42000, $params["path"], $params["domain"], $params["secure"], $params["httponly"] ); } session_destroy(); } ?> I grabbed the sessions_functions.php code of an online tutorial, so it could be suspicious. Any ideas why the user logs in to the admin panel, tries to do something, is forced to re-login, and THEN is allowed to do stuff like normal in the admin panel?

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• Cannot connect to local network shares when connected to VPN. Error: "the user name could not be found"

  - by Nick G

  I keep finding that on our small company LAN (7 users, 3 servers) that some servers keep becoming "not accessible" for the purposes of file sharing. They display the message "\SERVER is not accessible. You might not have permission to use this network resource. The user name could not be found". But I don't know why "the user name could not be found" as all the machines are on the same domain and the PDC and BDC seem to be behaving OK. EDIT: VPN seems to be the cause: It turns out I can see the server if I use the IP address (\\1.2.3.4\ etc) or the FQ active directory name (eg \server.domainname.local) but not if I use the server name on its own or a mapped network drive originally created from the "short" name. Oddly though, my machine has no issue resolving the server's DNS name as I can ping the machine name OK and it immediately comes back with the IP, however nslookup seems to fail. It seems to be a problem with how Windows looks up machine names when connected to VPNs. When I'm connected to a VPN, windows seems to use the DNS assocated with the VPN and not the one on the domain controller. This behavior to me, seems incorrect as surely that would mean connecting to any VPN would break any ability to lookup local machine names for servers and printers etc. So I guess the real question now is, how can I make my machine still search the local Active Directory DNS (the PDC) even when connected to a VPN? More info in my comments below.

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• How to use webdav and user dir in the same time in the same section ?

  - by Louis

  Dear community, i would like to mount trough webdav my https://myserver/~user_account but not https://myserver/. What i am doing now is : <IfModule mod_userdir.c> UserDir public_html UserDir disabled root <Directory /banonymous/data/home/*/public_html> DAV On AllowOverride FileInfo Limit AuthConfig Options MultiViews SymLinksIfOwnerMatch IncludesNoExec <Limit GET POST OPTIONS> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Limit> <LimitExcept GET POST OPTIONS> Order deny,allow Deny from all </LimitExcept> </Directory> </IfModule> and i am setting the authentification in the .htaccess of eache user. AuthType Basic AuthName "Password Required" AuthUserFile /etc/apache2/users/htpasswd Require User geeky It does not work. Is there someone who can tell me if it is possible ? and if it is how to do it. My dream would have been to put the Dav On in the .htaccess.

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• How to configure Windows user accounts for ODBC network with NT authentication?

  - by Ian Mackinnon

  I'm trying to create a connection to an SQL Server database from the ODBC Data Source Administrator using "Windows NT authentication using the network login ID". Both server and client are running Windows XP. It appears that any account with administrator privileges can add the data source on the server*, though connection attempts from the client result in error messages that suggest it is trying to authenticate using a guest account. I found a Microsoft support page that says: For SQL Server...: connect using the impersonated user account. But it doesn't offer advice about how to do that. How do I impersonate a user account on the server? or (since it sounds like that would lead to an unfortuante squashing of privileges and loss of accountability): How do I give an account on the client privileges on the server database and then ensure the client attempts authentication with the privileged account and not with a guest account? I'm aware that I'm providing rather sparse information. This is because I'm in unfamiliar territory and don't know what's pertinent. I'll attempt to add any requested information as quickly as possible. *I'm planning on tightening privileges straight after I get it working as it stands.

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• Is there a way to prevent password expiration when user has no password?

  - by Eric DANNIELOU

  Okay, we all care about security so users should change their passwords on a regular basis (who said passwords are like underwear?). On redhat and centos (5.x and 6.x), it's possible to make every real user password expires after 45 days, and warn them 7 days before. /etc/shadow entry then looks like : testuser:$6$m8VQ7BWU$b3UBovxC5b9p2UxLxyT0QKKgG1RoOHoap2CV7HviDJ03AUvcFTqB.yiV4Dn7Rj6LgCBsJ1.obQpaLVCx5.Sx90:15588:1:45:7::: It works very well and most users often change their passwords. Some users find it convenient not to use any password but ssh public key (and I'd like to encourage them). Then after 45 days they can't log in as they forgot their password and are asked to change it. Is there a way to prevent password expiration if and only if password is disabled? Setting testuser:!!:15588:1:45:7::: in /etc/shadow did not work : testuser is asked to change his password after 45 days. Of course, setting back password expiration to 99999 days works but : It requires extra work. Security auditors might not be happy. Is there a system wide parameter that would prompt the user to change expired password only if he really has one ?

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• Device CAL, User Cal or Processor license needed for SQL 2008 (architecture explained inside)?

  - by nycgags

  So we have a number of servers in the Amazon cloud running SQL Server Standard edition to aggregate data. For that purpose we are fine, the licensing is handled by our contract with Amazon, no problem there. For the beefier work, we want to install Enterprise Edition (EE) on our servers processing raw data so that we can take advantage of table partitioning. We currently have 3 servers aggregating data from about 40 node servers, all 43 of these servers are running standard edition which is fine. We also have 4 servers running standard processing the raw data, but I think we can get away with 2 (for redundancy) running Enterprise Edition. We have 2-3 dba's that access these DW servers for maintenance (using the same windows login via remote desktop). So visually: 40 -- 3 -- [2] -- 2 -- 1 nodes -- aggregators -- raw (which we want to run EE) -- calculators -- datawarehouse Nodes PUSH to aggregators, Raws PULL from aggregators, Calculators PULL from Raw, Calculators PUSH to datwarehouse I am specifying the push vs. pull in case that changes how the # of licenses is calculated. Q1) how many device (or user) CAL's do we need? Q2) do I need to speak with someone from MSFT to find out if it is ok to install in the Amazon Cloud (Amazon said we need to verify it is ok in our license terms)? Q3) what happens if another device tries to access a server with the limited number of device CAL's? Q4) Are the device CAL's simultaneous number of devices or total? Q5) Do Device and User CAL's cost the same or is there a difference? Q6) Would we need to buy a processor license (we are hoping not to)?

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• Simple, centralized user management on a small LAN - NIS or LDAP?

  - by einpoklum

  I'm setting up a small LAN for my team. It will, for all intents and purposes, not be connected to any external networks. I would it to have centralized control of user accounts (at least, I think I'd like that; I'm also considering using puppet, so theoretically I could just push /etc/passwd changes, or something). The number of machines is fixed, but not very small. Mostly they're 'attached' to a single user, but sometimes people work remotely on someone else's box; and there are a couple of servers. I've read this question, but my scenario is much simpler (even simpler than in this question) and I'd like to do something (relatively) quick, with not much hassle, but not a dirty totally-insecure hack. Is NIS relevant for my scenario? If not, what's the most hassle-free way to set up LDAP (or LDAP+Kerberos) to achieve the same? Notes: I have no experience with setting up either NIS or LDAP. We use Debian-flavored Linux distributions, mainly Kubuntu 12.04 (not my choice, but that's the way it is).

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• Getting PAM/user info into php - something like Net_Finger instead of a db?

  - by digitaltoast

  I've got a very small user group who just need to login, upload, check and then move specific files to a different area when ready. Right now, I use the nginx PAM auth module to log them in against their unix accounts. As their login is their home directory, I've already got the info to send the uploads to the right area - one line of php and no database needed. But I'm maintaining a separate DB just so PHP can welcome them, grab their email and send them an email when processed. Yes, sure I could use nosql or sqlite instead so as to not need a whole mysql install. But it occurred to me that as I've got all these blank user fields for phone numbers I could populate with any data, that I could use something like php's Net_Finger. Which failed for me with: sudo pear install Net_Finger Starting to download Net_Finger-1.0.1.tgz (1,618 bytes) ....done: 1,618 bytes could not extract the package.xml file from "/build/buildd/php5-5.5.9+dfsg/pear-build-download/Net_Finger-1.0.1.tgz" Download of "pear/Net_Finger" succeeded, but it is not a valid package archive Error: cannot download "pear/Net_Finger" At which point I thought I'd stop, and take a ServerFault reality check - is this a really bad/dangerous/stupid idea just to stop me having to maintain details in two places rather than one? It there a better way? Googling shows that it's not an oft-asked thing, so perhaps with good reason?

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