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  • Java game object pool management

    - by Kenneth Bray
    Currently I am using arrays to handle all of my game objects in the game I am making, and I know how terrible this is for performance. My question is what is the best way to handle game objects and not hurt performance? Here is how I am creating an array and then looping through it to update the objects in the array: public static ArrayList<VboCube> game_objects = new ArrayList<VboCube>(); /* add objects to the game */ while (!Display.isCloseRequested() && !Keyboard.isKeyDown(Keyboard.KEY_ESCAPE)) { for (int i = 0; i < game_objects.size(); i++){ // draw the object game_objects.get(i).Draw(); game_objects.get(i).Update(); //world.updatePhysics(); } } I am not looking for someone to write me code for asset or object management, just point me into a better direction to get better performance. I appreciate the help you guys have provided me in the past, and I dont think I would be as far along with my project without the support on stack exchange!

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  • Deferred rendering with both Clockwise and CounterClockwise culling

    - by user1423893
    I have a deferred rendering system that works well with objects that appear solid and drawn using CounterClockwise culling. I have a problem with Clockwise culled objects that are supposed to represent hollow that display their inside faces only. The image below shows a CounterClockwise culled object (left) Clockwise culled object (right). The Clockwise culled object faces display what would be displayed on the CounterClockwise face. How can I get the lighting to light the inner faces for Clockwise culled objects and continue lighting the outer CounterClockwise faces as normal? My lighting method is below private void DeferredLighting(GameTime gameTime) { // Set the render target for the lights game.GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(lightMap); // Clear the render target to (0, 0, 0, 0) game.GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.Transparent); // Set the render states game.GraphicsDevice.BlendState = BlendState.Additive; game.GraphicsDevice.DepthStencilState = DepthStencilState.None; game.GraphicsDevice.RasterizerState = RasterizerState.CullCounterClockwise; // Set sampler state to Point as the Surface type requires it in XNA 4.0 game.GraphicsDevice.SamplerStates[0] = SamplerState.PointClamp; // Set the camera properties for all lights BaseLight.SetCameraProperties(game.ActiveCamera); // Draw the lights int numLights = lights.Count; for (int i = 0; i < numLights; ++i) { if (lights[i].Diffuse.W > 0f) { lights[i].Render(gameTime, ref normalMap, ref depthMap, ref sgrMap); } } // Resolve the render target game.GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(null); } I have tried adjusting the render states but no combination works for both objects.

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  • How can I separate the user interface from the business logic while still maintaining efficiency?

    - by Uri
    Let's say that I want to show a form that represents 10 different objects on a combobox. For example, I want the user to pick one hamburguer from 10 different ones that contain tomatoes. Since I want to separate UI and logic, I'd have to pass the form a string representation of the hamburguers in order to display them on the combobox. Otherwise, the UI would have to dig into the objects fields. Then the user would pick a hamburguer from the combobox, and submit it back to the controller. Now the controller would have to find again said hamburguer based on the string representation used by the form (maybe an ID?). Isn't that incredibly inefficient? You already had the objects you wanted to pick one from. If you submited to the form the whole objects, and then returned a specific object, you wouldn't have to refind it later on since the form already returned a reference to that object. Moreover, if I'm wrong and you actually should send the whole object to the form, how can I isolate UI from logic?

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  • Split a 2D scene in layers or have a z coordinate

    - by Bane
    I am in the process of writing a 2D game engine, and a dilemma emerged. Let me explain the situation... I have a Scene class, to which various objects can be added (Drawable, ParticleEmitter, Light2D, etc), and as this is a 2D scene, things will obviously be drawn over each other. My first thought was that I could have basic add and remove methods, but I soon realized that then there would be no way for the programmer to control the order in which things were drawn. So I can up with two options, each with its pros and cons. A) Would be to split the scene in layers. By that I mean instead of having the scene be a container of objects, have it be a container of layers, which are in turn the containers of objects. B) Would require to have some kind of z-coordinate, and then have the scene sorted so objects with lower z get drawn first. Option A is pretty solid, but the problem is with the lights. In what layer do I add it? Does it work cross-layer? On all bottom layers? And I still need the Z coordinate to calculate the shadow! Option B would require me to change all my code from having Vector2D positions, to some kind of class that inherits from Vector2D and adds a z coordinate to it (I don't want it to be a Vector3D because I still need all the same methods the 2D kind has, just with .z clamped on). Am I missing something? Is there an alternative to these methods? I'm working in Javascript, if that makes a difference.

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  • Oracle Advanced Benefits: Plan Design Maintenance for Open Enrollment

    - by Annemarie Provisero
    ADVISOR WEBCAST: Oracle Advanced Benefits: Plan Design Maintenance for Open Enrollment PRODUCT FAMILY: Oracle HCM - Benefits  July 13, 2011 at 1 pm PT, 2 pm MT, 4 pm ET This session AU gives you the information to define new and maintain all Compensation Objects used in your Benefits setup. Course highlights things to consider when getting ready for Open Enrollment or when there is a need to change compensation objects. We will review creating a new or ending an old program, plan, or option. We also review what to do when you need to move from an Unrestricted program to a Restricted one. TOPICS WILL INCLUDE: Adding or Modifying Compensation Objects Ending Compensation Objects Elements and Element Links Standard and Variable Rates Dependents and Beneficiaries Moving from Oracle Standard Benefits to Oracle Advanced Benefits A short, live demonstration (only if applicable) and question and answer period will be included. Oracle Advisor Webcasts are dedicated to building your awareness around our products and services. This session does not replace offerings from Oracle Global Support Services. Click here to register for this session ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The above webcast is a service of the E-Business Suite Communities in My Oracle Support. For more information on other webcasts, please reference the Oracle Advisor Webcast Schedule.Click here to visit the E-Business Communities in My Oracle Support Note that all links require access to My Oracle Support.

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  • F# Simple Twitter Update

    - by mroberts
    A short while ago I posted some code for a C# twitter update.  I decided to move the same functionality / logic to F#.  Here is what I came up with. 1: namespace Server.Actions 2:   3: open System 4: open System.IO 5: open System.Net 6: open System.Text 7:   8: type public TwitterUpdate() = 9: 10: //member variables 11: [<DefaultValue>] val mutable _body : string 12: [<DefaultValue>] val mutable _userName : string 13: [<DefaultValue>] val mutable _password : string 14:   15: //Properties 16: member this.Body with get() = this._body and set(value) = this._body <- value 17: member this.UserName with get() = this._userName and set(value) = this._userName <- value 18: member this.Password with get() = this._password and set(value) = this._password <- value 19:   20: //Methods 21: member this.Execute() = 22: let login = String.Format("{0}:{1}", this._userName, this._password) 23: let creds = Convert.ToBase64String(Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(login)) 24: let tweet = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(String.Format("status={0}", this._body)) 25: let request = WebRequest.Create("http://twitter.com/statuses/update.xml") :?> HttpWebRequest 26: 27: request.Method <- "POST" 28: request.ServicePoint.Expect100Continue <- false 29: request.Headers.Add("Authorization", String.Format("Basic {0}", creds)) 30: request.ContentType <- "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" 31: request.ContentLength <- int64 tweet.Length 32: 33: let reqStream = request.GetRequestStream() 34: reqStream.Write(tweet, 0, tweet.Length) 35: reqStream.Close() 36:   37: let response = request.GetResponse() :?> HttpWebResponse 38:   39: match response.StatusCode with 40: | HttpStatusCode.OK -> true 41: | _ -> false   While the above seems to work, it feels to me like it is not taking advantage of some functional concepts.  Love to get some feedback as to how to make the above more “functional” in nature.  For example, I don’t like the mutable properties.

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  • Run database checks but omit large tables or filegroups - New option in Ola Hallengren's Scripts

    - by Greg Low
    One of the things I've always wanted in DBCC CHECKDB is the option to omit particular tables from the check. The situation that I often see is that companies with large databases often have only one or two very large tables. They want to run a DBCC CHECKDB on the database to check everything except those couple of tables due to time constraints. I posted a request on the Connect site about time some time ago: https://connect.microsoft.com/SQLServer/feedback/details/611164/dbcc-checkdb-omit-tables-option The workaround from the product team was that you could script out the checks that you did want to carry out, rather than omitting the ones that you didn't. I didn't overly like this as a workaround as clients often had a very large number of objects that they did want to check and only one or two that they didn't. I've always been impressed with the work that our buddy Ola Hallengren has done on his maintenance scripts. He pinged me recently about my old Connect item and said he was going to implement something similar. The good news is that it's available now. Here are some examples he provided of the newly-supported syntax: EXECUTE dbo.DatabaseIntegrityCheck @Databases = 'AdventureWorks', @CheckCommands = 'CHECKDB' EXECUTE dbo.DatabaseIntegrityCheck @Databases = 'AdventureWorks', @CheckCommands = 'CHECKALLOC,CHECKTABLE,CHECKCATALOG', @Objects = 'AdventureWorks.Person.Address' EXECUTE dbo.DatabaseIntegrityCheck @Databases = 'AdventureWorks', @CheckCommands = 'CHECKALLOC,CHECKTABLE,CHECKCATALOG', @Objects = 'ALL_OBJECTS,-AdventureWorks.Person.Address' EXECUTE dbo.DatabaseIntegrityCheck @Databases = 'AdventureWorks', @CheckCommands = 'CHECKFILEGROUP,CHECKCATALOG', @FileGroups = 'AdventureWorks.PRIMARY' EXECUTE dbo.DatabaseIntegrityCheck @Databases = 'AdventureWorks', @CheckCommands = 'CHECKFILEGROUP,CHECKCATALOG', @FileGroups = 'ALL_FILEGROUPS,-AdventureWorks.PRIMARY' Note the syntax to omit an object from the list of objects and the option to omit one filegroup. Nice! Thanks Ola! You'll find details here: http://ola.hallengren.com/  

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  • Essbase - FormatString

    - by THE
    A look at the documentation for "Typed Measures" shows:"Using format strings, you can format the values (cell contents) of Essbase database members in numeric type measures so that they appear, for query purposes, as text, dates, or other types of predefined values. The resultant display value is the cell’s formatted value (FORMATTED_VALUE property in MDX). The underlying real value is numeric, and this value is unaffected by the associated formatted value."To actually switch ON the use of typed measures in general, you need to navigate to the outline properties: open outline select properties change "Typed Measures enable" to TRUE (click to enlarge) As an example, I created two additional members in the ASOSamp outline. - A member "delta Price" in the Measures (Accounts) Dimension with the Formula: ([Original Price],[Curr_year])-([Original Price],[Prev_year])This is equivalent to the Variance Formula used in the "Years" Dimension. - A member "Var_Quickview" in the "Years" Dimension with the same formula as the "Variance" Member.This will be used to simply display a second cell with the same underlying value as Variance - but formatted using Format String hence enabling BOTH in the same report. (click to enlarge) In the outline you now select the member you want the Format String associated with and change the "associated Format String" in the Member Properties.As you can see in this example an IIF statement reading:MdxFormat(IIF(CellValue()< 0,"Negative","Positive" ) ) has been chosen for both new members.After applying the Format String changes and running a report via SmartView, the result is: (click to enlarge) reference: Essbase Database Admin Guide ,Chapter 12 "Working with Typed Measures "

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  • What kind of physics to choose for our arcade 3D MMO?

    - by Nick
    We're creating an action MMO using Three.js (WebGL) with an arcadish feel, and implementing physics for it has been a pain in the butt. Our game has a terrain where the character will walk on, and in the future 3D objects (a house, a tree, etc) that will have collisions. In terms of complexity, the physics engine should be like World of Warcraft. We don't need friction, bouncing behaviour or anything more complex like joints, etc. Just gravity. I have managed to implement terrain physics so far by casting a ray downwards, but it does not take into account possible 3D objects. Note that these 3D objects need to have convex collisions, so our artists create a 3D house and the player can walk inside but can't walk through the walls. How do I implement proper collision detection with 3D objects like in World of Warcraft? Do I need an advanced physics engine? I read about Physijs which looks cool, but I fear that it may be overkill to implement that for our game. Also, how does WoW do it? Do they have a separate raycasting system for the terrain? Or do they treat the terrain like any other convex mesh? A screenshot of our game so far:

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  • OOP implementation of BUFFS and Stats. Suggestion

    - by Mattia Manzo Manzati
    I am developing an MMORPG server using NodeJS. I am not sure how to implement Buffs, i mean, equipped objects or used skills have effects on the Player() which has many Stats(), some of them have a max cap... Effects can change the Stat value, increasing or decreasing it by a value, a percentage or completly rewrite the value of the stat. After a while I have decided to create a base class for buffs, which can be hidden (if they are casted from an equipped object) or shown if they came from an ability (Spell). Anyway I need suggestion how to implement it, use an array for all active buffs for a stat and have a function calculate the value of the stat affected by buffs each time I need the value of the stat or...? Other more OOP's ways to do it? I have read this What's a way to implement a flexible buff/debuff system? but this implements only a percentage system, which buffs can only say "+10%, +20%, etc...", but I would love to have an hybrid system, which can have percentage values or static values (like WoW does), and using modifiers it's hard to implement, because modifiers refers to the current value of stat :/ Thanks for suggestions :)

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  • Is Oracle Database Appliance (ODA) A Best Kept Secret?

    - by Ravi.Sharma
    There is something about Oracle Database Appliance that underscores the tremendous value customers see in the product. Repeat purchases. When you buy “one” of something and come back to buy another, it confirms that the product met your expectations, you found good value in it, and perhaps you will continue to use it. But when you buy “one” and come back to buy many more on your very next purchase, it tells something else. It tells that you truly believe that you have found the best value out there. That you are convinced! That you are sold on the great idea and have discovered a product that far exceeds your expectations and delivers tremendous value! Many Oracle Database Appliance customers are such larger-volume-repeat-buyers. It is no surprise, that the product has a deeper penetration in many accounts where a customer made an initial purchase. The value proposition of Oracle Database Appliance is undeniably strong and extremely compelling. This is especially true for customers who are simply upgrading or “refreshing” their hardware (and reusing software licenses). For them, the ability to acquire world class, highly available database hardware along with leading edge management software and all of the automation is absolutely a steal. One customer DBA recently said, “Oracle Database Appliance is the best investment our company has ever made”. Such extreme statements do not come out of thin air. You have to experience it to believe it. Oracle Database Appliance is a low cost product. Not many sales managers may be knocking on your doors to sell it. But the great value it delivers to small and mid-size businesses and database implementations should not be underestimated. 

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  • Concurrency pattern of logger in multithreaded application

    - by Dipan Mehta
    The context: We are working on a multi-threaded (Linux-C) application that follows a pipeline model. Each module has a private thread and encapsulated objects which do processing of data; and each stage has a standard form of exchanging data with next unit. The application is free from memory leak and is threadsafe using locks at the point where they exchange data. Total number of threads is about 15- and each thread can have from 1 to 4 objects. Making about 25 - 30 odd objects which all have some critical logging to do. Most discussion I have seen about different levels as in Log4J and it's other translations. The real big questions is about how the overall logging should really happen? One approach is all local logging does fprintf to stderr. The stderr is redirected to some file. This approach is very bad when logs become too big. If all object instantiate their individual loggers - (about 30-40 of them) there will be too many files. And unlike above, one won't have the idea of true order of events. Timestamping is one possibility - but it is still a mess to collate. If there is a single global logger (singleton) pattern - it indirectly blocks so many threads while one is busy putting up logs. This is unacceptable when processing of the threads are heavy. So what should be the ideal way to structure the logging objects? What are some of the best practices in actual large scale applications? I would also love to learn from some of the real designs of large scale applications to get inspirations from!

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  • Software architecture for two similar classes which require different input parameters for the same method

    - by I Like to Code
    I am writing code to simulate a supply chain. The supply chain can be simulated in either an intermediate stocking or a cross-docking configuration. So, I wrote two simulator objects IstockSimulator and XdockSimulator. Since the two objects share certain behaviors (e.g. making shipments, demand arriving), I wrote an abstract simulator object AbstractSimulator which is a parent class of the two simulator objects. The abstract simulator object has a method runSimulation() which takes an input parameter of class SimulationParameters. Up till now, the simulation parameters only contains fields that are common to both simulator objects, such as randomSeed, simulationStartPeriod and simulationEndPeriod. However, I now want to include fields that are specific to the type of simulation that is being run, i.e. an IstockSimulationParameters class for an intermediate stocking simulation, and a XdockSimulationParameters class for a cross-docking simulation. My current idea is take the method runSimulation() out of the AbstractSimulator class, but to put a runSimulation(IstockSimulationParameters) method in the IstockSimulator class, and a runSimulation(XdockSimulationParameters) method in the IstockSimulator class. I am worried however, that this approach will lead to code duplication. What should I do?

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  • 3d Picking under reticle

    - by Wolftousen
    i'm currently trying to work out some 3d picking code that I started years ago, but then lost interested the assignment was completed (this part wasn't actually part of the assignment). I am not using the mouse coords for picking, i'm just using the position in 3d space and a ray directly out from there. A small hitch though is that I want to use a cone and not a ray. Here are the variables i'm using: float iReticleSlope = 95/3000; //inverse reticle slope float baseReticle = 1; //radius of the reticle at z = 0 float maxRange = 3000; //max range to target Quaternion orientation; //the cameras orientation Vector3d position; //the cameras position Then I loop through each object in the world: Vector3d transformed; //object position after transformations float d, r; //holder variables for(i = 0; i < objects.length; i++) { transformed = position - objects[i].position; //transform the position relative to camera orientation.multiply(transformed); //orient the object relative to the camera if(transformed.z < 0) { d = sqrt(transformed[0] * transformed[0] + transformed[1] * transformed[1]); r = -transformed[2] * iReticleSlope + objects[i].radius; if(d < r && -transformed[2] - objects[i].radius <= maxRange) { //the object is under the reticle } else { //the object is not under the reticle } } else { //the object is not under the reticle } } Now this all works fine and dandy until the window ratio doesn't match the resolution ratio. Is there any simple way to account for that

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  • Draw contour around object in Opengl

    - by Maciekp
    I need to draw contour around 2d objects in 3d space. I tried drawing lines around object(+points to fill the gap), but due to line width, some part of it(~50%) was covering object. I tried to use stencil buffer, to eliminate this problem, but I got sth like this(contour is green): http://goo.gl/OI5uc (sorry I can't post images, due to my reputation) You can see(where arrow points), that some parts of line are behind object, and some are above. This changes when I move camera, but always there is some part, that is covering it. Here is code, that I use for drawing object: glColorMask(1,1,1,1); std::list<CObjectOnScene*>::iterator objIter=ptr->objects.begin(),objEnd=ptr->objects.end(); int countStencilBit=1; while(objIter!=objEnd) { glColorMask(1,1,1,1); glStencilFunc(GL_ALWAYS,countStencilBit,countStencilBit); glStencilOp(GL_REPLACE,GL_KEEP,GL_REPLACE ); (*objIter)->DrawYourVertices(); glStencilFunc(GL_NOTEQUAL,countStencilBit,countStencilBit); glStencilOp(GL_KEEP,GL_KEEP,GL_REPLACE); (*objIter)->DrawYourBorder(); ++objIter; ++countStencilBit; } I've tried different settings of stencil buffer, but always I was getting sth like that. Here is question: 1.Am I setting stencil buffer wrong? 2. Are there any other simple ways to create contour on such objects? Thanks in advance.

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  • Graphical Interface and Object Selection/Manipulation

    - by ToriArendt
    I have a project I want to try to implement, but I'm kind of stuck on how to get started. I know there are probably a lot of resources that I can look at, but I'm really just stuck on what to even search for and where to begin. Basically, I have a program written in Java that separates 3D coordinates from a 3D reconstructed model into different objects. I then want to be able to perform a logistic regression on these objects to determine if they are type A or type B. But first, I need to classify a training set of objects as type A or B by hand. I don't know ANYTHING about graphing or user interfaces in Java, so I have been plotting the coordinates of a given object in MATLAB so that I can visualize the object and assign it a type. Now, as I am trying to make this program more "user friendly" I want to create an interface in Java where I can simply graph all the coordinates of the objects from the entire 3D model (on the same graph). I then want to be able to click on the each object and assign it to be either of type A or type B. I hope this description makes sense and someone can point me in the direction of something that will help me. I'm sorry if some of this terminology is off; I'm a bit new to software development. P.S. If anyone also has some tips on implementing logistic regression in Java, I'm sure I'll need them down the road :).

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  • Learning how to design knowledge and data flow [closed]

    - by max
    In designing software, I spend a lot of time deciding how the knowledge (algorithms / business logic) and data should be allocated between different entities; that is, which object should know what. I am asking for advice about books, articles, presentations, classes, or other resources that would help me learn how to do it better. I code primarily in Python, but my question is not really language-specific; even if some of the insights I learn don't work in Python, that's fine. I'll give a couple examples to clarify what I mean. Example 1 I want to perform some computation. As a user, I will need to provide parameters to do the computation. I can have all those parameters sent to the "main" object, which then uses them to create other objects as needed. Or I can create one "main" object, as well as several additional objects; the additional objects would then be sent to the "main" object as parameters. What factors should I consider to make this choice? Example 2 Let's say I have a few objects of type A that can perform a certain computation. The main computation often involves using an object of type B that performs some interim computation. I can either "teach" A instances what exact parameters to pass to B instances (i.e., make B "dumb"); or I can "teach" B instances to figure out what needs to be done when looking at an A instance (i.e., make B "smart"). What should I think about when I'm making this choice?

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  • What's a good way to check that a player has clicked on an object in a 3D game?

    - by imja
    I'm programming a 3D game (using C++ and OpenGL), and I have a few 3D objects in the scene, we can say they are boxes for this example. I want to let the player click on those boxes to select them (ie. they might change color) with the typical restriction like if more than one box is located where the user clicked, only the one closest to the camera would get selected. What would be the best way to do this? The fact that these objects go through several transforms before getting to window coordinates is what makes this a bit tricky. One approach I thought about was that if the player clicks on the screen, I could normalize the x,y coordinates of mouse click and then transform the bounding box coordinates of the objects into clip-space so that I could compare then to the normalized mouse coordinates. I guess I could then do some sort of ray-box collision test to see if any objects lie as the path of the mouse click. I'm afraid I might be over complicating it. Any better methods out there?

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  • Rendering design. How can I effectively deal with forward, deferred and transparent rendering?

    - by user1423893
    I have many objects in my game world that all derive from one base class. Each object will have different materials and will therefore be required to be drawn using various rendering techniques. I currently use the following order for rendering my objects. Deferred Forward Transparent (order independent) Each object has a rendering flag that denotes which one of the above methods should be used. The list of base objects in the scene are then iterated through and added to separate lists of deferred, forward or transparent objects based on their rendering flag value. The individual lists are then iterated through and drawn using the order above. Each list is cleared at the end of the frame. This methods works fairly well but it requires different draw methods for each material type. For example each object will require the following methods in order to be compatible with the possible flag settings. object.DrawDeferred() object.DrawForward() object.DrawTransparent() It is also hard to see where methods outside of materials, such as rendering shadow maps, would fit using this "flag & method" design. object.DrawShadow() I was hoping that someone may have some suggestions for improving this rendering process, possibly making it more generic and less verbose?

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  • Object desing problem for simple school application

    - by Aragornx
    I want to create simple school application that provides grades,notes,presence,etc. for students,teachers and parents. I'm trying to design objects for this problem and I'm little bit confused - because I'm not very experienced in class designing. Some of my present objects are : class PersonalData() { private String name; private String surename; private Calendar dateOfBirth; [...] } class Person { private PersonalData personalData; } class User extends Person { private String login; private char[] password; } class Student extends Person { private ArrayList<Counselor> counselors = new ArrayList<>(); } class Counselor extends Person { private ArrayList<Student> children = new ArrayList<>(); } class Teacher extends Person { private ArrayList<ChoolClass> schoolClasses = new ArrayList<>(); private ArrayList<Subject> subjects = new ArrayList<>(); } This is of course a general idea. But I'm sure it's not the best way. For example I want that one person could be a Teacher and also a Parent(Counselor) and present approach makes me to have two Person objects. I want that user after successful logging in get all roles that it has (Student or Teacher or (Teacher & Parent) ). I think I should make and use some interfaces but I'm not sure how to do this right. Maybe like this: interface Role { } interface TeacherRole implements Role { void addGrade( Student student, Grade grade, [...] ); } class Teacher implements TeacherRole { private Person person; [...] } class User extends Person{ ArrayList<Role> roles = new ArrayList<>(); } Please if anyone could help me to make this right or maybe just point me to some literature/article that covers practical objects design.

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  • REST API wrapper - class design for 'lite' object responses

    - by sasfrog
    I am writing a class library to serve as a managed .NET wrapper over a REST API. I'm very new to OOP, and this task is an ideal opportunity for me to learn some OOP concepts in a real-life situation that makes sense to me. Some of the key resources/objects that the API returns are returned with different levels of detail depending on whether the request is for a single instance, a list, or part of a "search all resources" response. This is obviously a good design for the REST API itself, so that full objects aren't returned (thus increasing the size of the response and therefore the time taken to respond) unless they're needed. So, to be clear: .../car/1234.json returns the full Car object for 1234, all its properties like colour, make, model, year, engine_size, etc. Let's call this full. .../cars.json returns a list of Car objects, but only with a subset of the properties returned by .../car/1234.json. Let's call this lite. ...search.json returns, among other things, a list of car objects, but with minimal properties (only ID, make and model). Let's call this lite-lite. I want to know what the pros and cons of each of the following possible designs are, and whether there is a better design that I haven't covered: Create a Car class that models the lite-lite properties, and then have each of the more detailed responses inherit and extend this class. Create separate CarFull, CarLite and CarLiteLite classes corresponding to each of the responses. Create a single Car class that contains (nullable?) properties for the full response, and create constructors for each of the responses which populate it to the extent possible (and maybe include a property that returns the response type from which the instance was created). I expect among other things there will be use cases for consumers of the wrapper where they will want to iterate through lists of Cars, regardless of which response type they were created from, such that the three response types can contribute to the same list. Happy to be pointed to good resources on this sort of thing, and/or even told the name of the concept I'm describing so I can better target my research.

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  • What do ptLineDist and relativeCCW do?

    - by Fasih Khatib
    I saw these methods in the Line2D Java Docs but did not understand what they do? Javadoc for ptLineDist says: Returns the distance from a point to this line. The distance measured is the distance between the specified point and the closest point on the infinitely-extended line defined by this Line2D. If the specified point intersects the line, this method returns 0.0 Doc for relativeCCW says: Returns an indicator of where the specified point (PX, PY) lies with respect to the line segment from (X1, Y1) to (X2, Y2). The return value can be either 1, -1, or 0 and indicates in which direction the specified line must pivot around its first endpoint, (X1, Y1), in order to point at the specified point (PX, PY). A return value of 1 indicates that the line segment must turn in the direction that takes the positive X axis towards the negative Y axis. In the default coordinate system used by Java 2D, this direction is counterclockwise. A return value of -1 indicates that the line segment must turn in the direction that takes the positive X axis towards the positive Y axis. In the default coordinate system, this direction is clockwise. A return value of 0 indicates that the point lies exactly on the line segment. Note that an indicator value of 0 is rare and not useful for determining colinearity because of floating point rounding issues. If the point is colinear with the line segment, but not between the endpoints, then the value will be -1 if the point lies "beyond (X1, Y1)" or 1 if the point lies "beyond (X2, Y2)".

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  • Dependency injection: At what point am I allowed to create a new object?

    - by Gaz_Edge
    I am refactoring a PHP application, and I am trying to do has much dependency injection (DI) as possible. I feel like I've got a good grasp of how it works, and I can certainly see my classes becoming a lot leaner and more robust. I'm refactoring so that I can inject a dependency rather than create a new object within the class, but at some point I am going to have to create some objects, that is, use the dreaded new keyword. The problem I have now run into is at what point can I actually create new objects? It's looking like I'll end up at a top level class, creating loads of new objects as there is no where else to go. This feels wrong. I've read some blogs that use factory classes to create all the objects, and then you inject the factory into other classes. You can then call the factory methods, and the factory creates the new object for you. My concern with doing this is now my factory classes are going to be a new free-for-all! I guess this may be OK as they are factory classes, but are there some rules to stick to when using a factory pattern and DI, or am I going way off the mark here?

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  • We are moving to two servers from one server due to performance issues. How do we monitor the value of this change?

    - by MikeN
    We are moving to two servers from one server due to performance issues. We are moving our MySQL DB to its own dedicated server and will keep the original machine as the front end machine running nginx/apache (Django backend.) How do we monitor the value of this change? It is possible our whole site could actually get slower since the MySQL queries will be going out over a secure remote connection instead of locally?

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  • How can I port msvc++ code with non-dependent names in templates to Linux?

    - by user352382
    I can deal with porting platform dependent functions. I have a problem that the compilers I tried on Linux (clang and g++) do not accept the following code, while the msvc++ compiler does: template <class T> class Base { protected: T Value; }; template <class T> class Derived : public Base<T> { public: void setValue(const T& inValue){ Value = inValue; } }; int main(int argc, char const *argv[]) { Derived<int> tmp; tmp.setValue(0); return 0; } g++ error: main.cpp: In member function ‘void Derived<T>::setValue(const T&)’: main.cpp:11:3: error: ‘Value’ was not declared in this scope I believe this due to the use of a non-dependent name (Value) in the second class. More information. The problem is that I have a very large code base, in which this type of code is used very often. I understand that it is wrong when looking at the standard. However it is very convenient not having to write this-> or Base<T>:: in front of every use of Value. Even writing using Base<T>::Value; at the start of the derived class is problematic when you use ~20 members of the base class. So my question is: are there compilers for Linux that allow this kind of code (with or without extra compiler switches)? Or are there small modifications that will allow this code to compile on Linux?

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