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• How can I collapse a dataframe by some variables, taking mean across others

  - by Alex Holcombe

  I need to summarize a data frame by some variables, ignoring the others. This is sometimes referred to as collapsing. E.g. if I have a dataframe like this: Widget Type Energy egg 1 20 egg 2 30 jap 3 50 jap 1 60 Then collapsing by Widget, with Energy the dependent variable, Energy~Widget, would yield Widget Energy egg 25 jap 55 In Excel the closest functionality might be "Pivot tables" and I've worked out how to do it in python (http://alexholcombe.wordpress.com/2009/01/26/summarizing-data-by-combinations-of-variables-with-python/), and here's an example with R using doBy library to do something very related (http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg02643.html), but is there an easy way to do the above? And even better is there anything built into the ggplot2 library to create plots that collapse across some variables?

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• Updating Activity UI from Different Activity Method?

  - by stormin986

  I have a tab widget where one of the tabs is a chat-type feature. I want to update the chat data at an interval (variable depending on whether the chat tab is active or not). The best approach seemed to be using an AsyncTask in my main TabActivity class, as that would avoid any issues of the chat activity being destroyed while in the background, while an AsyncTask was running. I wanted to ensure that the Activity isn't destroyed and recreated, thus causing my AsyncTask to be unable to modify the actual active Activity's data. However, now that my AsyncTask is in the TabActivity activity, I don't have a direct way to call my Chat's ListAdapter notifyDataSetChanged() from my onPostExecute() method anymore. Is there a way to get a reference to a given Tab's current Activity from the TabHost/TabActivity? Or, alternatively, can I assume my chat activity will never be destroyed as a child activity of the TabActivity activity (well, never destroyed while the TabActivity is active at least), and then just put the AsyncTask in the Chat Activity?

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• How to disable a warning in Delphi about "return value ... might be undefined"?

  - by Lasse V. Karlsen

  I have a function that gives me the following warning: [DCC Warning] filename.pas(6939): W1035 Return value of function 'function' might be undefined The function, however, is clean, small, and does have a known, expected, return value. The first statement in the function is: Result := ''; and there is no local variable or parameter called Result either. Is there any kind of pragma-like directive I can surround this method with to remove this warning? This is Delphi 2007. Unfortunately, the help system on this Delphi installation is shot, so I can't pop up the help for that warning right now. Anyone know off the top of their head what I can do?

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• Why does this symfony code not work?

  - by morpheous

  I am trying to pass parameters from one action (foo) to another (foobar). In action foo, I set the arguments thus: $request->getParameterHolder()->set('arg1', 'alice'); $request->getParameterHolder()->set('arg2', 'bob'); In action foobar, I try to retrieve the params thus: $arg1 = $request->getParameter('arg1'); $arg2 = $request->getParameter('arg2'); $this->forward404Unless($arg1 && $arg2); //always forwarded Note: I am aware that I can save the params into the user session variable - but I dont want to do that. I want to pass them as parameters - any ideas how to get this to work?

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• C++ - Access array (in main) from methods outside main

  - by John Smith

  I have an array in my main class that holds objects that I need to print out for a menu listing. The array is declared and initialized in main. I need to, however, access the same array in a sub-menu function. If I copy the code (for loop that prints out the values) to the sub-menu, nothing is printed (presumably because it can't access the original array and has made a new, blank one). Is there any way (without making the array a global variable) that I can access the array in this sub-menu? Both the main and the sub-menu function are in the same file and the sub-menu is called from main. Maybe to put it more simply, can I use scope resolution to bring me up one 'level' in scope?

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• [CA_COLOR_OPAQUE] things that make a layer non-opaque. scaled CAGradientLayer?

  - by mahal tertin

  i spent some time with the environment variable CA_COLOR_OPAQUE = 1 and have my findings to share. things that make a CALayer non-opaque (slow, more memory, ...): * contents with alpha (like an NSImage with an icon) * NSImage/CGImage from a pdf as contents (even when the pdf does not contain any alpha and opaque=YES) * backgroundColor = nil * CATextLayer with text in a (because it is contents with alpha) * rounded corners? maybe/sometimes * masksToBounds? not necessarily as we scale most of tree with CATransform3DScale on sublayerTransform i found also these rather irritating non-opaque: * CAGradientLayer that is somewhere down in this scaled tree (even when set all the gradient colors without alpha) * edgeAntialiasingMask != 0 of a layer that is somewhere down in this scaled tree the last two do not make sense to me. why should it be non opaque? what do i see? if anyone has any thoughts on these findings, i'm happy to learn as i couldn't find such a list yet.

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• VB.NET Cant find the index of an array

  - by steve

  This is the code for my array (which is working) Public numUsers As Integer Public fNameUsers As String = ("..\..\..\users.txt") Public UserRecords As Usersclass()'note... this line is in a module reader = New System.IO.StreamReader(fNameUsers) numUsers = 0 'Split the array up at each delimiter of "," and add new objects Do While reader.Peek <> -1 ReDim Preserve UserRecords(numUsers) oneline = reader.ReadLine fields = oneline.Split(",") UserRecords(numUsers) = New Usersclass UserRecords(numUsers).AccountNumber = fields(0) UserRecords(numUsers).CourseName = fields(1) UserRecords(numUsers).FirstName = fields(2) UserRecords(numUsers).LastName = fields(3) UserRecords(numUsers).DOB = fields(4) UserRecords(numUsers).Email = fields(5) UserRecords(numUsers).CourseProgress = (6) UserRecords(numUsers).AdminCheck = fields(7) numUsers = numUsers + 1 Loop reader.Close() My problem is that I don't know how to lookup the index of an array where the .accountNumber = a variable. For example the acccountNumber is 253, what is the code to find the index this relates to???? Thanks in advance

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• Copying blocks (ie: copying them to instance variables) in Objective-C

  - by RyanWilcox

  I'm trying to understand blocks. I get how to use them normally, when passed directly to a method. I'm interested now in taking a block, storing it (say) in an instance variable and calling it later. The blocks programming guide makes it sound like I can do this, by using Block_copy / retain to copy the block away, but when I try to run it I crash my program. - (void) setupStoredBlock { int salt = 42; m_storedBlock = ^(int incoming){ return 2 + incoming + salt; }; [m_storedBlock retain]; } I try to call it later: - (void) runStoredBlock { int outputValue = m_storedBlock(5); NSLog(@"When we ran our stored blockwe got back: %d", outputValue); [m_storedBlock release]; } Anyone have any insights? (Or, is there something I'm not getting with blocks?) Thank you very much!

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• Pass Session data to a Class Library without using a bunch of constructors?

  - by sah302

  Hi all, I've got my application here where literally every object has a lastUpdatedBy property. The information I put into here is the person's username, which is retrieved from the session("username") variable. How can I pass this data to my DAL in the class library? At first I was just passing in the value into each method, but this is ridiculous I thought, there should be no reason to do that every time a method is called. Then I thought well if I just put it in a constructor for each of the DAL related classes, that will make it even easier. However, even still on any given page, I've got a plethora of New() declarations, for which every single line I need to pass in the session username casted as a string. Is there an even still more efficient way of doing this so that I could only declare this in one place, and everything will know what it is and I can pass it to classes in a class library?

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• Count down timer

  - by Ohmnastrum

  I have a timer set up and it gets called when ever the player is in their turn phase. I also have a multiplier that decrements slowly while the player is committing actions. for some odd reason my mult variable is returning garbage values I initialized it to 1 in the onLoad statement but it still seems to have trouble. -(void) Timerbar:(NSTimer *)barTimer { if(!waitForPlayer) { [barTimer invalidate]; } if(mult > 0.0) { mult -= 0.01; if(mult < 0) { mult = 0; } } power = (mult * 10) / pwrBarMaxWidth; pwrBarWidth = (int)power % limit; NSLog(@"%d", mult); } Do I have a syntax error somewhere?

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• Compute column widths in a HTML-like manner (based on cell contents)

  - by cipak

  Hi, I have a grid of data that I want to export to RTF, PDF etc. using various (and not perfect) PHP converters/generators. What I am missing most is the HTML table automatic adjustment of column widths based on the lengths of strings in the cells (strings contain line breaks which complicate things a bit, as they should be preserved). I need an algorithm that, given the contents of the cells (plain text), a total width of the table and an average width of a character, would return a width for each column. I wouldn't want to reinvent the wheel if something is already available. Of course it can't be perfect if the font is variable width, but an approximation would do just fine. Or maybe it could have a configurable table with widths for each character. Any hint would be appreciated. Thank you.

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• How to extend abstract Entity class in RIA Services

  - by Calanus

  I want to add a bool variable and property to the base Entity class in my RIA services project so that it is available throughout all the entity objects but seem unable to work out how to do this. I know that adding properties to actual entities themselves is easy using .shared.cs and partial classes but adding such properties to the Entity class using similar methods doesn't work. For example, the following code doesn't work namespace System.ServiceModel.DomainServices.Client { public abstract partial class Entity { private bool auditRequired; public bool AuditRequired { get { return auditRequired; } set { auditRequired = value; } } } } All that happens is that the existing Entity class gets totally overriden rather than extending the Entity class. How do I extend the base Entity class so that functionality is available thoughout all derived entity classes?

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• Two view App with root template view

  - by Tieman

  Hi I was wanted to do Application witch have a root template view with a nice logo on top or something adn load other views just below (here is what I have right now: Test App ) But I have a little problem. If I'll remove a comment in file TestAppDelegate.m on line 58 //[currentView release]; Application will crash with bunch of errors when I try to switch views. But if I comment this line Project analyzer is telling me that I have a potential leak with currentView variable. Can somebody spare some time and see in that code what I did wrong?

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• C# - Getting record from a row using DataRow

  - by pinkcupcake

  I'm trying to get record of a row using DataRow. Here's what I've done so far: uID = int.Parse(Request.QueryString["id"]); PhotoDataSetTableAdapters.MembersTableAdapter mem = new PhotoDataSetTableAdapters.MembersTableAdapter(); PhotoDataSet.MembersDataTable memTable = mem.GetMemberByID(uID); DataRow[] dr = memTable.Select("userID = uID"); string uName = dr["username"].ToString(); Then I got the error: Cannot implicitly convert type 'string' to 'int' The error points to "username". I don't know what's wrong because I'm just trying to assign a string variable to a string value. Anyone figures out the reason of the error? Please help and thanks.

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• Mysqli prepared insert statements always returning false

  - by user1754679

  I'm writing prepared statements that are supposed to insert data into a table, on a database that's been pre-selected in the variable $GLOBALS['mysqli']. The connection has been tested, and that's not the problem I'm having. I'm only running into trouble whenever my prepared statement involves INSERT INTO. I know the tablename, and field names are correct, but $stmt is ALWAYS false. What gives? $stmt = $GLOBALS['mysqli']->prepare("INSERT INTO audit_RefreshCount (user, count, lastrefresh) values (?,?,?)"); if ($stmt == TRUE) { $stmt->bindParam('ssi', $_SESSION['username'], '0', time()); //$stmt->bind_Param('ssi', $_SESSION['username'], '0', time()); // Also doesn't work. $stmt->execute(); }

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• size of an image

  - by Mike

  From times to times I have to know the width and height of images. I am using the following code: UIImage *imageU = [UIImage imageWithContentsOfFile:[[[NSBundle mainBundle] resourcePath] stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"myImage.png"]]; CGFloat imageW = CGImageGetWidth(imageU.CGImage); CGFloat imageH = CGImageGetHeight(imageU.CGImage); My question is that if it is there any other way to know the width and height of an image, in pixels, without having to load the image on a variable, that's probably consuming memory. Can the dimensions be read from the file directly without loading the whole image? thanks.

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• What's the Difference Between These Two Ruby Class Initialization Definitions?

  - by michaelmichael

  I'm working through a book on Ruby, and the author used a slightly different form for writing a class initialization definition than he has in previous sections of the book. It looks like this: class Ticket attr_accessor :venue, :date def initialize(venue, date) self.venue = venue self.date = date end end In previous sections of the book, it would've been defined like this: class Ticket attr_accessor :venue, :date def initialize(venue, date) @venue = venue @date = date end end Is there any functional difference between using the setter method, as in the first example, vs. using the instance variable as in the second? They both seem to work. Even mixing them up works: class Ticket attr_accessor :venue, :date def initialize(venue, date) @venue = venue self.date = date end end

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• Stopping looping thread in Java

  - by halfwarp

  I'm using a thread that is continuously reading from a queue. Something like: public void run() { Object obj; while(true) { synchronized(objectsQueue) { if(objectesQueue.isEmpty()) { try { objectesQueue.wait(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } obj = objectesQueue.poll(); } } // Do something with the Object obj } } What is the best way to stop this thread? I see two options: 1 - Since Thread.stop() is deprecated, I can implement a stopThisThread() method that uses a n atomic check-condition variable. 2 - Send a Death Event object or something like that to the queue. When the thread fetches a death event it exists. I prefer the 1st way, however, I don't know when to call the stopThisThread() method, as something might be on it's way to the queue and the stop signal can arrive first (not desirable). Any suggestions?

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• Why I can't use template table in dynamic query SQL SERVER 2005

  - by StuffHappens

  Hello! I have the following t-sql code which generates an error Declare @table TABLE ( ID1 int, ID2 int ) INSERT INTO @table values(1, 1); INSERT INTO @table values(2, 2); INSERT INTO @table values(3, 3); DECLARE @field varchar(50); SET @field = 'ID1' DECLARE @query varchar(MAX); SET @query = 'SELECT * FROM @table WHERE ' + @field + ' = 1' EXEC (@query) The error is Must declare the table variable "@table". What's wrong with the query. How to fix it?

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• Trouble compiling some decompiled C# code

  - by Colin O'Dell

  I was decompiling an open-source project (because the source for the latest version hasn't been released yet). Using RedGate's Reflector tool, it gave me this block of code: if(somecondition == true) { ref Vector3i vectoriRef; float num17 = length - num; Vector3i end = vectori3; (vectoriRef = (Vector3i) &end)[1] = vectoriRef[1] - ((int) num17); } somecondition is a boolean. length and num are floats defined outside the code. vectori3 is also defined outside the code and is of type Vector3i. The type Vector3i is essentially this code, but with x, y, and z stored as integers. When I try to compile this decompiled code, I get the following errors: Line 2: Only assignment, call, increment, decrement, and new object expressions can be used as a statement Line 3: ; expected Line 3: Invalid expression term 'ref' Line 6: 'Vector3i' is a 'type' but is used like a 'variable' Any thoughts on how I can fix this code so it compiles correctly and does whatever it was intended to do?

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• Parantheses around method invokation: why is the compiler complaining about assignment?

  - by polygenelubricants

  I know why the following code doesn't compile: public class Main { public static void main(String args[]) { main((null)); // this is fine! (main(null)); // this is NOT! } } What I'm wondering is why my compiler (javac 1.6.0_17, Windows version) is complaining "The left hand side of an assignment must be a variable". I'd expect something like "Don't put parantheses around a method invokation, dummy!", instead. So why is the compiler making a totally unhelpful complaint about something that is blatantly irrelevant? Is this the result of an ambiguity in the grammar? A bug in the compiler? If it's the former, could you design a language such that a compiler would never be so off-base about a syntax error like this?

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• Django - Empty session data in ajax requests

  - by ninja123

  Hi guys, I have an ajax view where I want to set a session variable like such: def upload(request, *args, **kwargs): request.session['test'] = 'test' request.session.modified = True print request.session.items() I have another normal view something like this: def advertise(request): print request.session.items() I get these two strings printed to shell: [('test', 'test')] [('_auth_user_backend', 'django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend'), ('_auth_user_id', 26L)] Why is the session data that I set in the ajax view not passing to my regular views? If I set session data in regular view, everything works as fine, but it seems that ajax requests contain empty session data? Anybody dealt with something like this before? Any suggestions are greatly appreciated. Thanks.

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• static const double in c++

  - by Crystal

  Is this the proper way to use a static const variable? In my top level class (Shape) #ifndef SHAPE_H #define SHAPE_H class Shape { public: static const double pi; private: double originX; double originY; }; const double Shape::pi = 3.14159265; #endif And then later in a class that extends Shape, I use Shape::pi. I get a linker error. I moved the const double Shape::pi = 3.14... to the Shape.cpp file and my program then compiles. Why does that happen? thanks.

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• Getting a unix timestamp as a string in C++

  - by wyatt

  I'm using the function time() in order to get a timestamp in C++, but, after doing so, I need to convert it to a string. I can't use ctime, as I need the timestamp itself (in its 10 character format). Trouble is, I have no idea what form a time_t variable takes, so I don't know what I'm converting it from. cout handles it, so it must be a string of some description, but I have no idea what. If anyone could help me with this it'd be much appreciated, I'm completely stumped. Alternately, can you provide the output of ctime to a MySQL datetime field and have it interpreted correctly? I'd still appreciate an answer to the first part of my question for understanding's sake, but this would solve my problem.

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• Security question

  - by Syom

  in my cms i have index.php, where client must enter username and password. if they are correct, he'll moove to admin.php, where the cms is. but now hacker can enter to cms/admin.php, so my security now is awful. i know, that i can use $_SESSION variable. index.php - i can give some value to $_SESSION['success']: $_SESSION['success'] = TRUE, and in admin.php just verify it admin.php if($_SESSION['success'] == TRUE) { my script here... } else header("Location: index.php"); but i want to rich this effect without SESSION. could you give me an idea, how can i do it? thanks

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