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  • Socket Read In Multi-Threaded Application Returns Zero Bytes or EINTR (-1)

    - by user309670
    Hi. Am a c-coder for a while now - neither a newbie nor an expert. Now, I have a certain daemoned application in C on a PPC Linux. I use PHP's socket_connect as a client to connect to this service locally. The server uses epoll for concurrent connections via a Unix socket. A user submitted string is parsed for certain characters/words using strstr() and if found, spawns 4 joinable threads to different websites simultaneously. I use socket, connect, write and read, to interact with the said webservers via TCP on port 80 in each thread. All connections and writes seems successful. Reads to the webserver sockets fail however, with either (A) all 3 threads seem to hang, and only one thread returns -1 and errno is set to 104. The responding thread takes like 10 minutes - an eternity long:-(. *I read somewhere that the 104 (is EINTR) suggests that ...'the connection was reset by peer', or (B) 0 bytes from 3 threads, and only 1 of the 4 threads actually returns some data. Isn't the socket read/write thread-safe? Otherwise, use thread-safe (and reentrant) libc functions such as strtok_r, gethostbyname_r, etc. *I doubt that the said webhosts are actually resetting the connection, because when I run a single-threaded standalone (everything else equal) all things works perfectly right. There's a second problem too (oops), I can't write back to the client who connect to my epoll-ed Unix socket. My daemon application will hang and hog CPU 100% for ever. Yet nothing is written to the clients end. Am sure the client (a very typical PHP socket application) hasn't closed the connection whenever this is happening - no error(s) detected either. I cannot figure-out whatever is wrong even with Valgrind or GDB

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  • What OOP pattern to use when only adding new methods, not data?

    - by Jonathon Reinhart
    Hello eveyone... In my app, I have deal with several different "parameters", which derive from IParameter interface, and also ParamBase abstract base class. I currently have two different parameter types, call them FooParameter and BarParameter, which both derive from ParamBase. Obviously, I can treat them both as IParameters when I need to deal with them generically, or detect their specific type when I need to handle their specific functionality. My question lies in specific FooParameters. I currently have a few specific ones with their own classes which derive from FooParameter, we'll call them FP12, FP13, FP14, etc. These all have certain characteristics, which make me treat them differently in the UI. (Most have names associated with the individual bits, or ranges of bits). Note that these specific, derived FP's have no additional data associated with them, only properties (which refer to the same data in different ways) or methods. Now, I'd like to keep all of these parameters in a Dictionary<String, IParameter> for easy generic access. The problem is, if I want to refer to a specific one with the special GUI functions, I can't write: FP12 fp12 = (FP12)paramList["FP12"] because you can't downcast to a derived type (rightfully so). But in my case, I didn't add any data, so the cast would theoretically work. What type of programming model should I be using instead? Thanks!

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  • Visual Studio and .NET programming

    - by Vit
    Hi, I just want to ask wheather I am right or not about .NET. So, .NET is new framework that enables you to easily implement new and old windows functions. It is similiar to java in the way that its also compiled into "bytecode", but its name is Common Language Infrastructure, or CLI. This language is interpreted by .NET Framework, so code generated by programming using .NET cannot be executed directly by CPU. Now, few languages can be compiled to CLI. First, it was Microsoft-developed C#, than J#, C++ others. I suspect that this is in general right, at least I hope I understand it right. But, what I am still missing is, can you write to machine code compiled code in C#? And, if using Visual Studio 2005, when I select Win32 project, it is compiled into machine code, so only thing you need to run this apps are windows dynamic-link libraries, since static libraries code is implemented into app durink linking phase. And those dynamic-link libraries are implemented in every windows installation, or provided by DirectX installations. But when I select CLR in Visual Studio 2005, than app is compiled into CLI code, and it first executes .NET framework, and than .NET framework executes that program, since its not in machine code. So, I am right? I ask becouse you can read these infos on the internet, but I have noone to tell me wheather I understand it right or not. Thanks.

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  • Plotting an Arc in Discrete Steps

    - by phobos51594
    Good afternoon, Background My question relates to the plotting of an arbitrary arc in space using discrete steps. It is unique, however, in that I am not drawing to a canvas in the typical sense. The firmware I am designing is for a gcode interpreter for a CNC mill that will translate commands into stepper motor movements. Now, I have already found a similar question on this very site, but the methodology suggested (Bresenham's Algorithm) appears to be incompatable for moving an object in space, as it only relies on the calculation of one octant of a circle which is then mirrored about the remaining axes of symmetry. Furthermore, the prescribed method of calculation an arc between two arbitrary angles relies on trigonometry (I am implementing on a microcontroller and would like to avoid costly trig functions, if possible) and simply not taking the steps that are out of the range. Finally, the algorithm only is designed to work in one rotational direction (e.g. counterclockwise). Question So, on to the actual question: Does anyone know of a general-purpose algorithm that can be used to "draw" an arbitrary arc in discrete steps while still giving respect to angular direction (CW / CCW)? The final implementation will be done in C, but the language for the purpose of the question is irrelevant. Thank you in advance. References S.O post on drawing a simple circle using Bresenham's Algorithm: "Drawing" an arc in discrete x-y steps Wiki page describing Bresenham's Algorithm for a circle http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midpoint_circle_algorithm Gcode instructions to be implemented (see. G2 and G3) http://linuxcnc.org/docs/html/gcode.html

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  • strange memory error when deleting object from Core Data

    - by llloydxmas
    I have an application that downloads an xml file, parses the file, and creates core data objects while doing so. In the parse code I have a function called 'emptydatacontext' that removes all items from Core Data before creating replacements from the xml file. This method looks like this: -(void) emptyDataContext { NSMutableArray* mutableFetchResults = [CoreDataHelper getObjectsFromContext:@"Condition" :@"road" :NO :managedObjectContext]; NSFetchRequest * allCon = [[NSFetchRequest alloc] init]; [allCon setEntity:[NSEntityDescription entityForName:@"Condition" inManagedObjectContext:managedObjectContext]]; NSError * error = nil; NSArray * conditions = [managedObjectContext executeFetchRequest:allCon error:&error]; [allCon release]; for (NSManagedObject * condition in conditions) { [managedObjectContext deleteObject:condition]; } } The first time this runs it deletes all objects and functions as it should - creating new objects from the xml file. I created a 'update' button that starts the exact same process of retrieving the file the preceeding as it did the first time. All is well until its time to delete the core data objects again. This 'deleteObject' call creates a "EXC_BAD_ACCESS" error each time. This only happens on the second time through. See this image for the debugger window as it appears when walking through the deletion FOR loop on the second iteration. Conditions is the fetched array of 7 objects with the objects below. Condition should be an individual condition. link text As you can see 'condition' does not match any of the objects in the 'conditions' array. I'm sure this is why I'm getting the memory access errors. Just not sure why this fetch (or the FOR) is returning a wrong reference. All the code that successfully performes this function on the first iteration is used in the second but with very different results. Thanks in advance for the help!

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  • Visual Studio project remains "stuck" when stopped

    - by Traveling Tech Guy
    Hi, Currently developing a connector DLL to HP's Quality Center. I'm using their (insert expelative) COM API to connect to the server. An Interop wrapper gets created automatically by VStudio. My solution has 2 projects: the DLL and a tester application - essentially a form with buttons that call functions in the DLL. Everything works well - I can create defects, update them and delete them. When I close the main form, the application stops nicely. But when I call a function that returns a list of all available projects (to fill a combo box), if I close the main form, VStudio still shows the solution as running and I have to stop it. I've managed to pinpoint a single function in my code that when I call, the solution remains "hung" and if I don't, it closes well. It's a call to a property in the TDC object get_VisibleProjects that returns a List (not the .Net one, but a type in the COM library) - I just iterate over it and return a proper list (that I later use to fill the combo box): public List<string> GetAvailableProjects() { List<string> projects = new List<string>(); foreach (string project in this.tdc.get_VisibleProjects(qcDomain)) { projects.Add(project); } return projects; } My assumption is that something gets retained in memory. If I run the EXE outside of VStudio it closes - but who knows what gets left behind in memory? My question is - how do I get rid of whatever calling this property returns? Shouldn't the GC handle this? Do I need to delve into pointers? Things I've tried: getting the list into a variable and setting it to null at the end of the function Adding a destructor to the class and nulling the tdc object Stepping through the tester function application all the way out, whne the form closes and the Main function ends - it closes, but VStudio still shows I'm running. Thanks for your assistance!

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  • AJAX Post Not Sending Data?

    - by Jascha
    I can't for the life of me figure out why this is happening. This is kind of a repost, so forgive me, but I have new data. I am running a javascript log out function called logOut() that has make a jQuery ajax call to a php script... function logOut(){ var data = new Object; data.log_out = true; $.ajax({ type: 'POST', url: 'http://www.mydomain.com/functions.php', data: data, success: function() { alert('done'); } }); } the php function it calls is here: if(isset($_POST['log_out'])){ $query = "INSERT INTO `token_manager` (`ip_address`) VALUES('logOutSuccess')"; $connection->runQuery($query); // <-- my own database class... // omitted code that clears session etc... die(); } Now, 18 hours out of the day this works, but for some reason, every once in a while, the POST data will not trigger my query. (this will last about an hour or so). I figured out the post data is not being set by adding this at the end of my script... $query = "INSERT INTO `token_manager` (`ip_address`) VALUES('POST FAIL')"; $connection->runQuery($query); So, now I know for certain my log out function is being skipped because in my database is the following data: if it were NOT being skipped, my data would show up like this: I know it is being skipped for two reasons, one the die() at the end of my first function, and two, if it were a success a "logOutSuccess" would be registered in the table. Any thoughts? One friend says it's a janky hosting company (hostgator.com). I personally like them because they are cheap and I'm a fan of cpanel. But, if that's the case??? Thanks in advance. -J

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  • segmentation fault in file operations in c

    - by mekasperasky
    #include<stdio.h> /* this is a lexer which recognizes constants , variables ,symbols, identifiers , functions , comments and also header files . It stores the lexemes in 3 different files . One file contains all the headers and the comments . Another file will contain all the variables , another will contain all the symbols. */ int main() { int i; char a,b[20],c; FILE *fp1; fp1=fopen("source.txt","r"); //the source file is opened in read only mode which will passed through the lexer //now lets remove all the white spaces and store the rest of the words in a file if(fp1==NULL) { perror("failed to open source.txt"); //return EXIT_FAILURE; } i=0; while(1) { a=fgetc(fp1); if(a !="") { b[i]=a; } else { fprintf(fp1, "%.20s\n", b); i=0; continue; } i=i+1; /*Switch(a) { case EOF :return eof; case '+':sym=sym+1; case '-':sym=sym+1; case '*':sym=sym+1; case '/':sym=sym+1; case '%':sym=sym+1; case ' */ } return 0; } how does this code end up in segmentation fault?

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  • How to implement a 'safe' periodical executer without using the Rails helpers?

    - by Robbie
    I am very new to Ruby on Rails and was never really big on writing JavaScript, so the built in helpers were like a tiny silce of heaven. However I have recently learned that using the helper methods creates "obtrusive javascript" so I am doing a tiny bit of refactoring to get all this messy code out of my view. I'm also using the Prototype API to figure out what all these functions do. Right now, I have: <%= periodically_call_remote(:url => {:action => "tablerefresh", :id => 1 }, :frequency => '5', :complete => "load('26', 'table1', request.responseText)")%> Which produces: <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ new PeriodicalExecuter(function() {new Ajax.Request('/qrpsdrail/grids/tablerefresh/1', {asynchronous:true, evalScripts:true, onComplete:function(request){load('26', 'table1', request.responseText)}, parameters:'authenticity_token=' + encodeURIComponent('dfG7wWyVYEpelfdZvBWk7MlhzZoK7VvtT/HDi3w7gPM=')})}, 5) //]]> </script> My concern is that the "encodeURIComponent" and the presence of "authenticity_token" are generated by Rails. I'm assuming these are used to assure the validity of a request. (Ensuring a request comes from a currently active session?) If that is the case, how can I implement this in application.js 'safely'? It seems that the built in method, although obtrusive, does add some beneficial security. Thanks, in advance, to all who answer.

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  • Elegantly determine if more than one boolean is "true"

    - by Ola Tuvesson
    I have a set of five boolean values. If more than one of these are true I want to excecute a particular function. What is the most elegant way you can think of that would allow me to check this condition in a single if() statement? Target language is C# but I'm interested in solutions in other languages as well (as long as we're not talking about specific built-in functions). One interesting option is to store the booleans in a byte, do a right shift and compare with the original byte. Something like if(myByte && (myByte 1)) But this would require converting the separate booleans to a byte (via a bitArray?) and that seems a bit (pun intended) clumsy... [edit]Sorry, that should have been if(myByte & (myByte - 1)) [/edit] Note: This is of course very close to the classical "population count", "sideways addition" or "Hamming weight" programming problem - but not quite the same. I don't need to know how many of the bits are set, only if it is more than one. My hope is that there is a much simpler way to accomplish this.

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  • IE 7 activex object (or xmlhttprequest?) open method using POST takes 20-30 seconds to return

    - by Toddeman
    i have a problem that only shows itself in IE7. its a simple ajax call. i got my object (accounting for the browser) so in 7 i SHOULD have an ActiveXObject. when i call open with POST, it takes 20-30 seconds to return. i am using a TON of GET calls to populate information and all of these work (finally, after some bug fixing), but i am NOT a web developer so much like the other bugs i had to fix, i figured i was just missing another IE anomaly. this is not a consistent bug either, which makes it harder to find for me. most times the POST functions like it does in Firefox or Chrome, but maybe 1 out of 4 or 5 will take 20-30 seconds to return. it DOES return correctly when it returns, it just takes a long time. am i missing something simple? or is there a smarter way for me to find out exactly what is going on (like the equivalent of the firebug 'net' tab for windows?).

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  • How to easily map c++ enums to strings

    - by Roddy
    I have a bunch of enum types in some library header files that I'm using, and I want to have a way of converting enum values to user strings - and vice-versa. RTTI won't do it for me, because the 'user strings' need to be a bit more readable than the enumerations. A brute force solution would be a bunch of functions like this, but I feel that's a bit too C-like. enum MyEnum {VAL1, VAL2,VAL3}; String getStringFromEnum(MyEnum e) { switch e { case VAL1: return "Value 1"; case VAL2: return "Value 2"; case VAL1: return "Value 3"; default: throw Exception("Bad MyEnum"); } } I have a gut feeling that there's an elegant solution using templates, but I can't quite get my head round it yet. UPDATE: Thanks for suggestions - I should have made clear that the enums are defined in a third-party library header, so I don't want to have to change the definition of them. My gut feeling now is to avoid templates and do something like this: char * MyGetValue(int v, char *tmp); // implementation is trivial #define ENUM_MAP(type, strings) char * getStringValue(const type &T) \ { \ return MyGetValue((int)T, strings); \ } ; enum eee {AA,BB,CC}; - exists in library header file ; enum fff {DD,GG,HH}; ENUM_MAP(eee,"AA|BB|CC") ENUM_MAP(fff,"DD|GG|HH") // To use... eee e; fff f; std::cout<< getStringValue(e); std::cout<< getStringValue(f);

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  • jQuery AJAX chained calls + Celery in Django

    - by user1029968
    Currently clicking one of the links in my application, triggers AJAX call (GET) that - if succeeds - triggers the second one and this second one - if succeeds - calls the third one. This way user can be informed which part of process started when clicking the link is currently ongoing. So in the template file in Django project, click callback body for link mentioned looks like below: $("#the-link").click(function(item)) { // CALL 1 $.ajax({ url: {% url ajax_call_1 %}, data: { // something } }) .done(function(call1Result) { // CALL 2 $.ajax({ url: {% url ajax_call_1 %}, data: { // call1Result passed here to CALL 2 } }) .done(function(call2Result) { // CALL 3 $.ajax({ url: {%url ajax_call_3 %}, data: { // call2Result passed here to CALL 3 } }) .done(function(call3Result) { // expected result if everything went fine console.log("wow, it worked!"); console.log(call3Result); }) .fail(function(errorObject) { console.log("call3 failed"); console.log(errorObject); } }) .fail(function(errorObject)) { console.log("call2 failed"); console.log(errorObject); } }) .fail(function(errorObject) { console.log("call1 failed"); console.log(errorObject); }); }); This works fine for me. The thing is, I'd like to prevent interrupting the following calls if the user closes the browser and the calls are not finished (as it will take some time to finish all three), as there is some additional logic in Django view functions called in each GET request. For example, if user clicks the link and closes the browser during CALL 1, is it possible to somehow go on with the following CALL 2 and CALL 3? I know that normally I'd be able to use Celery Task to process the function but is it still possible here with the chained calls mentioned? Any help is much appreciated!

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  • question about jQuery droppable/draggable.

    - by FALCONSEYE
    I modified a sample photo manager application. photo manager application Instead of photos, I have employee records coming from a query. My version will let managers mark employees as on vacation, or at work. One of the things I did is to include employee ids like <a href="123">. I get the ids from event.target. This works for the click function but not for the "droppable" function. This is what I have for the click function: $('ul.gallery > li').click(function(ev) { var $item = $(this); var $unid = ev.target; var $target = $(ev.target); if ($target.is('a.ui-icon-suitcase')) { deleteImage($item,$unid); } else if ($target.is('a.ui-icon-arrowreturnthick-1-w')) { recycleImage($item,$unid); } return false; }); ev.target correctly gives the employee id. when i try the same in one of the droppable functions: $gallery.droppable({ accept: '#suitcase li', activeClass: 'custom-state-active', drop: function(ev, ui) { var $unid = ev.target; alert($unid); recycleImage(ui.draggable,$unid); } }); the alert(ui) gives me [object]. What's in this object? How do i get the href out of this? thanks

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  • How to determine which inheriting class is using an abstract class's methods.

    - by Kin
    In my console application have an abstract Factory class "Listener" which contains code for listening and accepting connections, and spawning client classes. This class is inherited by two more classes (WorldListener, and MasterListener) that contain more protocol specific overrides and functions. I also have a helper class (ConsoleWrapper) which encapsulates and extends System.Console, containing methods for writing to console info on what is happening to instances of the WorldListener and MasterListener. I need a way to determine in the abstract ListenerClass which Inheriting class is calling its methods. Any help with this problem would be greatly appreciated! I am stumped :X Simplified example of what I am trying to do. abstract class Listener { public void DoSomething() { if(inheriting class == WorldListener) ConsoleWrapper.WorldWrite("Did something!"); if(inheriting class == MasterListener) ConsoleWrapper.MasterWrite("Did something!"); } } public static ConsoleWrapper { public void WorldWrite(string input) { System.Console.WriteLine("[World] {0}", input); } } public class WorldListener : Listener { public void DoSomethingSpecific() { ConsoleWrapper.WorldWrite("I did something specific!"); } } public void Main() { new WorldListener(); new MasterListener(); } Expected output [World] Did something! [World] I did something specific! [Master] Did something! [World] I did something specific!

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  • JSLINT error: Move all 'var' declarations to the top of the function.

    - by Oleg Yaroshevych
    JSLINT site updated, and I cannot check JS scripts anymore. For me, this warning is not critical, and I don't want to go through thousands of lines to fix this, I want to find more critical problems. Does anybody know how to turn off this error, or use legacy JSLINT? UPDATE Example: function doSomethingWithNodes(nodes){ this.doSomething(); for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length; ++i){ this.doSomethingElse(nodes[i]); } doSomething(); // want to find this problem } jslint.com output: Error: Problem at line 4 character 8: Move all 'var' declarations to the top of the function. for (var i = 0; i < nodes.length; ++i){ Problem at line 4 character 8: Stopping, unable to continue. (44% scanned). Problem: Having variables on top of the functions is new requirement. I cannot use JSLINT to test code, because it stops scanning script on this error. I have a lot of code, and do not want to threat this warning as critical error.

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  • Passing data between Drupal module callback, preprocess and template

    - by rob5408
    I've create a module called finder that I want to take parameters from a url, crunch them and then display results via a tpl file. here's the relevant functions... function finder_menu() { $items = array(); $items['finder'] = array( 'page callback' => 'finder_view', 'access callback' => TRUE, ); return $items; } function finder_theme($existing, $type, $theme, $path) { return array( 'finder_view' => array( 'variables' => array('providers' => null), 'template' => 'results', ), ); } function finder_preprocess_finder_view(&$variables) { // put my data into $variables } function finder_view($zipcode = null) { // Get Providers from Zipcode return theme('finder_view', $providers); } Now I know finder_view is being called. I also know finder_preprocess_finder_view is being called. Finally, I know that result.tpl.php is being used to output. But I cannot wrap my head around how to do meaningful work in the callback, somehow make that data available in the preprocessor to add to "variables" so that i can access in the tpl file. in a situation where you are using a tpl file is the callback even useful for anything? I've done this in the past where the callback does all the work and passes to a theming function, but i want to use a file for output instead this time. Thanks...

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  • How Can I Find a List of All Exceptions That a Given Library Function Throws in Python?

    - by b14ck
    Sorry for the long title, but it seems most descriptive for my question. Basically, I'm having a difficult time finding exception information in the official python documentation. For example, in one program I'm currently writing, I'm using the shutil libary's move function: from shutil import move move('somefile.txt', '/tmp/somefile.txt') That works fine, as long as I have write access to /tmp/, there is enough diskspace, and if all other requirements are satisfied. However, when writing generic code, it is often difficult to guarantee those factors, so one usually uses exceptions: from shutil import move try: move('somefile.txt', '/tmp/somefile.txt') except: print 'Move failed for some reason.' I'd like to actually catch the appropriate exceptions thrown instead of just catching everything, but I simply can't find a list of exceptions thrown for most python modules. Is there a way for me to see which exceptions a given function can throw, and why? This way I can make appropriate cases for each exception, eg: from shutil import move try: move('somefile.txt', '/tmp/somefile.txt') except PermissionDenied: print 'No permission.' except DestinationDoesNotExist: print "/tmp/ doesn't exist" except NoDiskSpace: print 'No diskspace available.' Answer points go to whoever can either link me to some relevant documentation that I've somehow overlooked in the official docs, or provide a sure-fire way to figure out exactly which exceptions are thrown by which functions, and why. Thanks!

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  • access settings from whole jquery component

    - by Pacuraru Daniel
    I am trying to develop a jquery component for dialog modals and i dont know how to access the settings from all component functions. I need to access settings,zIndex from open function and it seems to not work. (function($) { var methods = { init: function(options) { var defaults = { bgClass: "fancy-dialog-bg", bgShow: null, zIndex: 100, show: null }; var settings = $.extend(defaults, options); return this.each(function() { var obj = $(this).hide().css("position", "fixed").css("z-index", settings.zIndex).css("left", "300px").css("top", "200px"); }); }, open: function() { // alert(settings.zIndex); not working var tes = $("<div></div>").css("backgroundColor", "#f00").css("position", "fixed").css("z-index", "99").css("width", "50%").css("height", "100%").css("left", "0").css("top", "0"); $('body').append(tes); var obj = $(this); obj.show(); }, close: function() { var obj = $(this); $("#fancy-dialog-bg-" + obj.attr('id')).remove(); obj.hide(); } }; $.fn.fancyDialog = function(method) { if (methods[method]) { return methods[method].apply(this, Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1)); } else if (typeof method === 'object' || !method) { return methods.init.apply(this, arguments); } else { $.error('Method ' + method + ' does not exist.'); } }; })(jQuery);

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  • Are there any libraries for parsing "number expressions" like 1,2-9,33- in Java

    - by mihi
    Hi, I don't think it is hard, just tedious to write: Some small free (as in beer) library where I can put in a String like 1,2-9,33- and it can tell me whether a given number matches that expression. Just like most programs have in their print range dialogs. Special functions for matching odd or even numbers only, or matching every number that is 2 mod 5 (or something like that) would be nice, but not needed. The only operation I have to perform on this list is whether the range contains a given (nonnegative) integer value; more operations like max/min value (if they exist) or an iterator would be nice, of course. What would be needed that it does not occupy lots of RAM if anyone enters 1-10000000 but the only number I will ever query is 12345 :-) (To implement it, I would parse a list into several (min/max/value/mod) pairs, like 1,10,0,1 for 1-10 or 11,33,1,2 for 1-33odd, or 12,62,2,10 for 12-62/10 (i. e. 12, 22, 32, ..., 62) and then check each number for all the intervals. Open intervals by using Integer.MaxValue etc. If there are no libs, any ideas to do it better/more efficient?)

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  • c++ use of winmain()

    - by Jack
    Hi, I just started learning programming for windows in c++. I had this crazy image, that win32 programming is based on calling windows functions and sending parameters to and from them. Like, when you want to create window, you call some win32 function that handles windows GUI and say "Hi, please, create me new window, 100 x 100 px, with two buttons", and that GUI function says "Hi, no problem, when something happends, like user clicks one button, I will change this variable xy located in this location". So, I thought that it will be very similiar to console programming. But the very first instruction surprised me. I always thought that every program executes main() function first. So, when I launch app, windows stores some parameters on top of stack and run that application. So I assumed that initializing main() is just a c++ way to tell the compiler where the first instruction should be. But in win32 programming, there is function called winmain() which starts first. So I am little confused. I thought it´s rule that compiler must have main() to start with, that main just defines where ti start, like some start point identifier. So, please, why is there winmain() function instead of main()? When I thought that C++ programming is as logical as assembler, it confuses me once again.

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  • c++ use of winmain()

    - by Jack
    Hi, I just started learning programming for windows in c++. I had this crazy image, that win32 programming is based on calling windows functions and sending parameters to and from them. Like, when you want to create window, you call some win32 function that handles windows GUI and say "Hi, please, create me new window, 100 x 100 px, with two buttons", and that GUI function says "Hi, no problem, when something happends, like user clicks one button, I will change this variable xy located in this location". So, I thought that it will be very similiar to console programming. But the very first instruction surprised me. I always thought that every program executes main() function first. So, when I launch app, windows stores some parameters on top of stack and run that application. So I assumed that initializing main() is just a c++ way to tell the compiler where the first instruction should be. But in win32 programming, there is function called winmain() which starts first. So I am little confused. I thought it´s rule that compiler must have main() to start with, that main just defines where ti start, like some start point identifier. So, please, why is there winmain() function instead of main()? When I thought that C++ programming is as logical as assembler, it confuses me once again.

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  • linear combinations in python/numpy

    - by nmaxwell
    greetings, I'm not sure if this is a dumb question or not. Lets say I have 3 numpy arrays, A1,A2,A3, and 3 floats, c1,c2,c3 and I'd like to evaluate B = A1*c1+ A2*c2+ A3*c3 will numpy compute this as for example, E1 = A1*c1 E2 = A2*c2 E3 = A3*c3 D1 = E1+E2 B = D1+E3 or is it more clever than that? In c++ I had a neat way to abstract this kind of operation. I defined series of general 'LC' template functions, LC for linear combination like: template<class T,class D> void LC( T & R, T & L0,D C0, T & L1,D C1, T & L2,D C2) { R = L0*C0 +L1*C1 +L2*C2; } and then specialized this for various types, so for instance, for an array the code looked like for (int i=0; i<L0.length; i++) R.array[i] = L0.array[i]*C0 + L1.array[i]*C1 + L2.array[i]*C2; thus avoiding having to create new intermediate arrays. This may look messy but it worked really well. I could do something similar in python, but I'm not sure if its nescesary. Thanks in advance for any insight. -nick

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  • C# How can I access to a dynamic created array of labels

    - by Markus Betz
    I created an array of labels on runtime. Now i have a problem to access these labels from other functions. Dynamic creation: private void Form1_Shown(object sender, EventArgs e) { Label[] Calendar_Weekday_Day = new Label[7]; for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) { Calendar_Weekday_Day[i] = new Label(); Calendar_Weekday_Day[i].Location = new System.Drawing.Point(27 + (i * 137), 60); Calendar_Weekday_Day[i].Size = new System.Drawing.Size(132, 14); Calendar_Weekday_Day[i].Text = "Montag, 01.01.1970"; this.TabControl1.Controls.Add(Calendar_Weekday_Day[i]); } } And the function where I want to access to the dynamic created array of labels: private void display_weather_from_db(DateTime Weather_Startdate) { Calendar_Weekday_Day[0].Text = "Test1"; Calendar_Weekday_Day[1].Text = "Test2"; } Error shown: Error 1 The name 'Calendar_Weekday_Day' does not exist in the current context Form1.cs 1523 25 Test I tryed this, but didn't help :( public partial class Form1 : Form { private Label[] Calendar_Weekday_Day; } Someone an idea?

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  • Trait, FunctionN, or trait-inheriting-FunctionN in Scala?

    - by Willis Blackburn
    I have a trait in Scala that has a single method. Call it Computable and the single method is compute(input: Int): Int. I can't figure out whether I should Leave it as a standalone trait with a single method. Inherit from (Int = Int) and rename "compute" to "apply." Just get rid of Computable and use (Int = Int). A factor in favor of it being a trait is that I could usefully add some additional methods. But of course if they were all implemented in terms of the compute method then I could just break them out into a separate object. A factor in favor of just using the function type is simplicity and the fact that the syntax for an anonymous function is more concise than that for an anonymous Computable instance. But then I've no way to distinguish objects that are actually Computable instances from other functions that map Int to Int but aren't meant to be used in the same context as Computable. How do other people approach this type of problem? No right or wrong answers here; I'm just looking for advice.

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