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Migrate openldap users and groups

- by user53864

I have an OpenLDAP server running on one of my ubuntu 8.10 servers. I used command-line only for OpenLdap installation and some basic configurations, everything else I'll configure with the Webmin gui tool. I'm trying to migrate to ubuntu 10.04 and I was able to migrate all other servies, application and databases but not the ldap. I'm an ldap beginner: I have installed OpenLDAP server and client on ubuntu 10.04 server using the link and used the following command to export and import ldap users and groups To export from 8.10 server slapcat > ldap.ldif To import to 10.04 server Stop ldap and slapadd -l ldap.ldif and Start ldap Then I accessed Webmin and checked in Ldap users and groups and I could see all the users and groups of my old ldap server.Whenever I create an ldap user from the webmin(in 8.10 or 10.04) a unix user is also created with the home directory under /home. But the imported users in 10.04 from 8.10 are not present as a unix user(/etc/passwd). How could I make the ldap users available as a unix user, is there any perfect way to export and import?. I also wanted to check the ldap users from the terminal that if password is exported properly but I don't know how to access the ldap users which are not available as unix users. On 8.10, I just use su - ldapuser and it is not working in the 10.04 as unix users are not created for the exported ldap users. If every thing works fine then the CVS works as it is using ldap authentication. Anybody could help me?

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Nginx - Serve blank page on "Bad Gateway" error

- by TheLittleCheeseburger

Hello all. I want to use Nginx as a simple reverse proxy, but if the server behind Nginx is down I just was to display a blank page. For some reason this configuration isn't displaying a blank page on error 502 and I can't figure out why. Thanks for your help! user www-data; worker_processes 1; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; pid /var/run/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; use epoll; # multi_accept on; } http { keepalive_timeout 65; proxy_read_timeout 200; upstream tornado { server 127.0.0.1:8001; } server { listen 80; server_name www.something.com; location / { error_page 502 = @blank; proxy_pass http://tornado; } location @blank { index index.html; root /web/blank; } } }

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ADSL Modem/Router sometimes hands out incorrect IP addresses

- by Peter Keevill

My setup is as follows:- Main ADSL modem / router (switch) configured as DHCP server with address range 192.168.0.25-60 The office machines are configured with fixed IP ( not in the same address pool of course ) and hard wired to this router. A wireless access point ( Router ) is connected to provide Internet access for guests in a separate area. This router is NOT configured as a DHCP server. Wireless authentication is turned off. IP address lease times are set to 4 hours. Sometimes guests are able to connect to the wireless access point but they are not given a valid IP. They get 169.x.x.x addresses. Rebooting their machines does not resolve the problem. The only way to resolve is to reboot the main ADSL/router which is often frustrating for other users who are successfully connected with valid IP and DG. The problem seems to occur more frequently to Apple/Mac guests although it also sometimes occurs with Win machines. I personally use Ubuntu on my Laptop and thus far, never have had any problem connecting and getting a valid IP address in the guest area. One further point of note which may give a clue is that certain guests ( always Apple/Mac ) get lease times of 90 days. However, this does not 'stack out' the number of available addresses and of course, rebooting the router clears them until the next time they login.

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Why would e-mail from our own domain not be forwarded to gmail

- by netboffin

To solve a problem with spam on our server we tried to forward e-mail from our dedicated server's mailserver(matrix smtp service) to gmail, but while most e-mails got through e-mail from our own domain all went missing. They weren't in the inbox or spam or anywhere else. We've had to go back to using the old system, which means my boss gets a huge amount of spam. We have a windows 2003 server with iis 6 and the matrix smtp service installed. I've toyed with the idea of installing a mail proxy like ASSP but it looks pretty complicated. We're hosting 20 domains on the server as well as our own which has an online shop whose payment system depends on email. I can't start playing around with complicated solutions when it could have disastrous consequences and I don't know enough to implement them safely. So my question has two parts: Part One: Why can't we forward e-mails from people using the same domain. If our domain was foobar.com then [email protected] can't receive from [email protected], but he can receive from everyone else. Part Two: Is there a really simple server side solution to spam that would work with matrix? For instance popfile?

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I want to use OpenVPN to access the web and email from China. How?

- by gaoshan88

My question: How do I use my already existing OpenVPN setup to enable secure, remote web surfing and email checking from open wireless hotspots? Some long winded details: I am running Ubuntu and have OpenVPN up and working fine as a server. My client machine connects fine as well. However, that just gets me a secure connection to my home network. What I want is to be able to access my VPN server and surf the web or check email securely from anywhere with an open wireless connection. I am frequently in China and having secure, unblocked access would be a boon (especially since I like to work from tea houses and coffee shops and I've already had a password sniffed and hacked once). I already know how to tunnel over SSH via a SOCKS proxy using something like: ssh -ND 8887 -p 22 [email protected] but since I have OpenVPN I figure why not try it? So... what are the steps involved in making it so I can connect to my VPN and the surf and check mail to my hearts content (slowly to be sure but at least it wold be secure). Thx!

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xauth, ssh and missing home directory

- by flolo

We have several servers, and normaly everything works fine, except now... we get a new aircondition installed. This takes 36 hours and for this time almost all servers got shutdown, only 2 remaining servers run for the most important tasks (i.e. accepting incoming email, delivering some important websites, login-server). Everybody was informed that when they need appropiate data from the homedirs they should fetch it before take down. Long story short: Someone realized that he have run a certain program on one of the servers. No Problem, he can remote login into our login server and run the programm there without home directory (binaries are local and necessary information can be copied to the /tmp). That works like a charm until... ... the user needs to run a GUI programm. I find no easy way to make it running, usually ssh -Y honk@loginserver is enough but now the homedirectory is missing and ssh is not able to copy the cookies into ~/.Xauthority (as the file server with the home directories is down). Paranoid as all systemadmins all X-Server just listen locally not on tcp ports, so no remote X connection possible SSH config is waterproof - i.e. no way to set environment variables. My Problem is, that the generated proxy MIT cookie from ssh get lost as the .Xauthority doesnt exist. If I could retrieve it somehow I could reenter it a .Xauthority in /tmp. The only other option (besides changing the config) which came to my mind is, makeing a tunnel (netcat, or better ssh) from the remote host to the loginserver and copy the cookie manually (not sure if it the tcp-unix domain socket stuff works as expected). Any good suggestions (for the future - now our servers are already up)?

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What could cause these "failed to authenticate" logs other than failed login attempts (OSX)?

- by Tom

I've found this in the Console logs: 10/03/10 3:53:58 PM SecurityAgent[156] User info context values set for tom 10/03/10 3:53:58 PM authorizationhost[154] Failed to authenticate user (tDirStatus: -14090). 10/03/10 3:54:00 PM SecurityAgent[156] User info context values set for tom 10/03/10 3:54:00 PM authorizationhost[154] Failed to authenticate user (tDirStatus: -14090). 10/03/10 3:54:03 PM SecurityAgent[156] User info context values set for tom 10/03/10 3:54:03 PM authorizationhost[154] Failed to authenticate user (tDirStatus: -14090). There are about 11 of these "failed to authenticate" messages logged in quick succession. It looks to me like someone is sitting there trying to guess the password. However, when I tried to replicate this I get the same log messages except that this extra message appears after five attempts: 13/03/10 1:18:48 PM DirectoryService[11] Failed Authentication return is being delayed due to over five recent auth failures for username: tom. I don't want to accuse someone of trying to break into an account without being sure that they were actually trying to break in. My question is this: is it almost definitely someone guessing a password, or could the 11 "failed to authenticate" messages be caused by something else? EDIT: The actual user wasn't logged in, or using a computer at the time of the log in attempts.

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Ubuntu networking issue: two specific machines cannot browse web while connected to network at the same time.

- by jensendarren

I have setup a secure wireless network which works very well except for two laptops running Ubuntu 10.10 that can't access the Internet via a browser at the same time. They can both ping sites, wget sites, use skype but when using a browser the page never loads (in Firefox the status bar just sits there saying "Connecting" until it times out.) Here is what we have tried so far (nothing has fixed this issue): OpenDNS Restart networking services Using wired connection rather than wireless Removing all other nodes from the network except the two machines that have this issue Swapped out the router Factory reset the router Reformatted one of the machines and re-installed Ubuntu 10.10 Other things that we have checked: The two machines can connect simultaneously without any issues to other wireless networks in different locations (say in an Internet Cafe or another office) The two machines have unique IP addresses The two machines have unique MAC addresses The two machines can communicate on the network using Skype, wget, ping etc We are not using a proxy on either machine FYI: I have attached output from wireshark. For the test we turned both machines on and pointed them both to the same website. The content loaded on one and not the other. Here is the output from wireshark- (speedyshare.com/files/26228631/machine_output_1 && speedyshare.com/files/26228649/machine2). As you can see the first one worked, the second one didn't. I don't fully understand the output and would appreciate if someone could shed some light on what might be causing this and how we can fix it! Many thanks! Darren

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Simple way to set up port knocking on Linux?

- by Ace Paus

There are well known benefits of Port Knocking utilities when utilized in combination with firewall IP table modification. Port Knocking is best used to provide an additional layer of security over other tools such as the OpenSSH server. I would like some help setting it up on a ubuntu server. I looked at some port knocking implementations here: PORTKNOCKING - A system for stealthy authentication across closed ports. IMPLEMENTATIONS http://www.portknocking.org/view/implementations fwknop looked good. I found an Android client here. And fwknop (both client and server) is in the ubuntu repos. Unfortunately, setting it up (on the server) looks difficult. I do not have iptables set up. My proficiency with iptables is limited (but I understand the basics). I'm looking for a series of simple steps to set it up. I only want to open the SSH port in response to a valid knock. Alternatively, I would consider other port knocking implementations, if they are much simpler to set up and the desired Linux and Android clients are available.

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JBoss https on port other than 8080 not working

- by MilindaD

We have a server with two JBoss instances where one runs on 8080, the other on 8081. We need to have HTTPS enabled for the 8081 server, firstly we tried enabling https on the 8080 port instance by generating the keystore and editing the server.xml and it successfully worked. However when we tried the same thing for 8081 it did not, note that we removed https for the 8080 server first before enabling it for 8081. This is what was used for both server.xml for 8080 and 8081. The only difference was that the port was changed from 8080 to 8081 when trying to enable https for 8081 port instance. What am I doing wrong and what needs to be changed? NOTE : When I meant enabled for 8080 I meant when you visit https:// URL:8484 you will actually be visiting the 8080 port instance. However when ssl is enabled for 8081 and I visit https:// URL:8484 I get that the web page is unavailable. COMMENTLESS VERSION <Server> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" /> <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" /> <Service name="jboss.web">  <Connector port="8080" address="${jboss.bind.address}" maxThreads="350" maxHttpHeaderSize="8192" emptySessionPath="true" protocol="HTTP/1.1" enableLookups="false" redirectPort="8443" acceptCount="100" connectionTimeout="20000" disableUploadTimeout="true" compression="on" ompressableMimeType="text/html,text/css,text/javascript,application/json,text/xml,text/plain,application/x-javascript,application/javascript"/> <Connector port="8443" protocol="HTTP/1.1" SSLEnabled="true" maxThreads="150" scheme="https" secure="true" clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS" address="${jboss.bind.address}" keystoreFile="${jboss.server.home.dir}/conf/supun1.keystore" keystorePass="aaaaaa" truststoreFile="${jboss.server.home.dir}/conf/supun1.keystore" truststorePass="aaaaaa" />  <Connector port="8009" address="${jboss.bind.address}" protocol="AJP/1.3" emptySessionPath="true" enableLookups="false" redirectPort="8443" /> <Engine name="jboss.web" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="khms1"> <Realm className="org.jboss.web.tomcat.security.JBossSecurityMgrRealm" certificatePrincipal="org.jboss.security.auth.certs.SubjectDNMapping" allRolesMode="authOnly" /> <Host name="localhost" autoDeploy="false" deployOnStartup="false" deployXML="false" configClass="org.jboss.web.tomcat.security.config.JBossContextConfig" > <Valve className="org.jboss.web.tomcat.service.sso.ClusteredSingleSignOn" /> <Valve className="org.jboss.web.tomcat.service.jca.CachedConnectionValve" cachedConnectionManagerObjectName="jboss.jca:service=CachedConnectionManager" transactionManagerObjectName="jboss:service=TransactionManager" /> </Host> </Engine> </Service> </Server> WITH COMMENTS VERSION <Server>  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener" />  <Service name="jboss.web">  <Connector port="8080" address="${jboss.bind.address}" maxThreads="350" maxHttpHeaderSize="8192" emptySessionPath="true" protocol="HTTP/1.1" enableLookups="false" redirectPort="8443" acceptCount="100" connectionTimeout="20000" disableUploadTimeout="true" compression="on" ompressableMimeType="text/html,text/css,text/javascript,application/json,text/xml,text/plain,application/x-javascript,application/javascript"/>   <Connector port="8443" protocol="HTTP/1.1" SSLEnabled="true" maxThreads="150" scheme="https" secure="true" clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS" address="${jboss.bind.address}" keystoreFile="${jboss.server.home.dir}/conf/supun1.keystore" keystorePass="aaaaaa" truststoreFile="${jboss.server.home.dir}/conf/supun1.keystore" truststorePass="aaaaaa" />  <Connector port="8009" address="${jboss.bind.address}" protocol="AJP/1.3" emptySessionPath="true" enableLookups="false" redirectPort="8443" /> <Engine name="jboss.web" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="khms1">  <Realm className="org.jboss.web.tomcat.security.JBossSecurityMgrRealm" certificatePrincipal="org.jboss.security.auth.certs.SubjectDNMapping" allRolesMode="authOnly" />  <Host name="localhost" autoDeploy="false" deployOnStartup="false" deployXML="false" configClass="org.jboss.web.tomcat.security.config.JBossContextConfig" >        <Valve className="org.jboss.web.tomcat.service.sso.ClusteredSingleSignOn" />  <Valve className="org.jboss.web.tomcat.service.jca.CachedConnectionValve" cachedConnectionManagerObjectName="jboss.jca:service=CachedConnectionManager" transactionManagerObjectName="jboss:service=TransactionManager" /> </Host> </Engine> </Service> </Server>

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Log and debug/decrypt an windows application's HTTPS traffic

- by cweiske

I've got a proprietary windows-only application that uses HTTPS to speak with a (also proprietary, undocumented) web service. To ultimately be able to use the web service's functionality on my linux machines, I want to reverse-engineer the web service API by analyzing the requests sent by the application. Now the question: How can I decrypt and log the HTTPS traffic? I know of several solutions which don't apply in my case: Fiddler is a man-in-the-middle HTTPS proxy which I cannot use since the application doesn't support proxies. Also, I do not (yet) know if it works with self-signed server certificates, which I doubt. Wireshark is able to decrypt SSL streams if you have the server's private certificate, which I don't have. any browser extension since the application is not a browser If I remember correctly, there have been some trojans that capture online banking information by hooking into/replacing the window's crypto API. Since the machine is mine, low level changes are possible. Maybe there is a non-trojan (white-hat) network log application out there which does the same? There is a blackhat presentation with some details available to read. They refer to Microsoft Research Detour for easy API hooking.

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Slow browsing through IE on Windows Server 2012

- by Volodymyr

We've run into strange issue on the freshly installed servers. H/W: IBM server X3550 M4 7914; OS: Windows Server 2012 Std. Then we try to browse on the servers thru IE, not all sites are opened or it takes too long time to open the page, i.e. very few of them can be opened. Local FW are disabled. Servers are in a new subnet and traffic is allowed for it. VLAN is configured properly Another Windows Server 2012 host is running OK and Internet access works fine, but it is VM running on Hyper-V 2012. No proxy is used on the network. At the same time, if one tries to establish telnet session to any site on 80/443 ports - it does work. Google works as well. I've tried to configure single Qlogic adapter to check if the issue remains - it does. Teaming is configured with the means of QLogic, not by built-in functionality. IE Enhanced Security is disabled. IE settings were reset, more than once. Why would certain sites work while others not - Idk. I also tried to disable ecncapability and restart server - no luck netsh int tcp set global ecncapability=disabled Any thoughts? UPD1 VMQ is disabled. Servers are not running Hyper-V. UPD2 Servers were rebuilt from scratch, got a mail a few mins ago. Issue still remains. Teaming is now configured with the means of Windows Server 2012.

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Http header 304 and caching?

- by Royi Namir

Our company uses these settings( don't ask me why) - for every request they want a new request from server. this is an intranet system which uses only IE. They defined it in : We also have windows authentication NTLM in the iis7. I have 2 questions please. Question #1) when the browser make a request ( css ) : (leave the 401 response for now - this is how ntlm works) He is requesting it with if-modified-since header. why is he adding this header ? How can I configure it ? why doesn't he use the settings from IE and try to download it each time - as I showed in the first picture ? Question #2) The response ( after ntlm negotiation) for that was : Response with Not-modified which is 304 header. and I assume its because we sent the request with the if-modified-since header. But there is a problem. He is actually tells me to download from my cache. But I told him explicitly in the IE settings - not to load from cache. Wham am I missing here ? Thanks a lot.

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Apache 2.4 with PHP-FPM

- by tubaguy50035

I'm trying to setup Apache 2.4 with PHP-FPM 5.4 using the new modules with Apache 2.4. The following is what I have currently in my virtual host file: <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin root@localhost DocumentRoot /var/www #Directory permissions <Directory /var/www/> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews AllowOverride None Require all granted </Directory> CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined </VirtualHost> I have PHP-FPM running using Unix sockets with a sock file located at /var/run/php5-fpm.sock. How do I proxy my requests to this sock file? I've seen some sites say to use ProxyPassMatch and others are saying Rewrite Rule. Are there pros or cons on either side? Also, most sites I'm seeing are showing ProxyPassMatch with a regex to only pass .php files. Could I also send it .html files? For whatever reason, we have a ton of PHP inside .html files. Edit: As noted in the comments, it looks like mod_proxy_fcgi doesn't support Unix sockets. Is there another module I should be using?

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Nginx terminate SSL for wordpress

- by Mike

I have a bit of a problem. We run a wordpress blog behind a ngnix proxy and looking to terminate the ssl on the nginx side. Our current nginx config is upstream admin_nossl { server 192.168.100.36:80; } server { listen 192.168.71.178:443; server_name host.domain.com; ssl on; ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/wild.domain.com.crt; ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/wild.domain.com.key; ssl_session_timeout 5m; ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1; ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m; ssl_ciphers RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP; location / { proxy_read_timeout 2000; proxy_next_upstream error; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header Host $http_host; proxy_redirect off; proxy_max_temp_file_size 0; proxy_pass http://admin_nossl; break; It just does not seem to work. If I can hit https://host.domain.com but it quickly switches back to non-secured from what I can see. Any pointers?

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Configure Nginx to render static files and rewrite file extension or proxy_pass

- by Pardoner

I've set up Nginx to handle all my static files else proxy_pass to a Node.js server. It's working fine but I'm having difficulty rewriting the url so that it remove the .html file extension. upstream my_upstream { server 127.0.0.1:8000; keepalive 64; } server { listen 80; server_name staging.mysite.com; root /var/www/staging.mysite.org/public; access_log /var/logs/staging.mysite.org.access.log; error_log /var/logs/staging.mysite.org.error.log; location ~ ^/(images/|javascript/|css/|robots.txt|humans.txt|favicon.ico) { rewrite (.*)\.html $1 permanent; try_files $uri.html $uri/ /index.html; access_log off; expires max; } location / { proxy_redirect off; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme; proxy_set_header Host $http_host; proxy_set_header X-NginX-Proxy true; proxy_set_header Connection ""; proxy_http_version 1.1; proxy_cache one; proxy_cache_key sfs$request_uri$scheme; proxy_pass http://my_upstream; } }

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Samba access works with IP address only

- by Sebastian Rittau

I added a Debian etch host (hostname: webserver, IP address: 192.168.101.2) running Samba to a Windows network with a Windows 2003 PDC (IP address 192.168.101.3). The Samba server exports a public guest share, called "Intranet". The server shows up fine in the network, but trying to click on it produces an error dialog, stating I don't have the necessary permissions. So does entering \webserver manually and using \webserver\internet states that the path does not exist. Interestingly, accessing the share by IP address (\192.168.101.2 or \192.168.101.2\intranet) works fine. DNS is configured correctly, and "smbclient //webserver/intranet" on another Linux client works fine. One complicating issue is that the webserver is only a VMware virtual machine running on PDC server. Here is our smb.conf: [global] workgroup = Foobar server string = Webserver wins support = yes ; commenting out these wins server = 192.168.101.3 ; two lines has no effect dns proxy = no guest account = nobody [... snipped some unrelated bits, like logging ...] security = share [... snipped some password-related things ...] domain master = no [intranet] comment = Intranet path = /srv/webserver/contents browseable = yes guest ok = yes guest only = yes read only = yes create mask = 0775 directory mask = 0775

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LDAP Account Locked Out Sporadically after Password change - Finding the source of invalid attempts

- by CityView

On a small network of machines (<1000) we have a user whose account is being locked out after an indeterminate interval following a password change. We are having severe difficulties finding the source of the invalid logon attempts and I would appreciate it greatly if some of you could go through your thought process and the checks you would perform in order to fix the problem. All I know for sure is that the account is locked out several (5+) times a day, I can't even be sure it's due to failed login attempts as there is no record of failure until the account is locked. So far I have tried; Logging the account out of everything we can think of and back in with the new password Scanning the user's box for any non standard software which might perform an LDAP lookup Checking all installed services on our production boxes to check none are attempting to run under the account Changing the user back to their old password (Problem persists so perhaps password change is a red herring) Wireshark on a box where lots of LDAP authentication is performed - Rejects only occur after account is already locked out Clearing the credential cache in - Control Panel - User Accounts - Advanced Looking at the local I'm at a loss for what to try. I am happy to try any suggestions you have in order to diagnose the issue. I think my question boils down to a simple request; I need a technique for deriving the source (Application/Host) of the invalid login attempts which are causing the account to be locked. I'm not sure if that's even possible but I suspect there must be more I can try. Many thanks, CityView

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/usr/bin/install hangs, apparently due to SELinux

- by Cooper

I'm trying to use the GNU coreutils install utility, however it is hanging: /usr/bin/install -v test_file test_dir/ `test_file' -> `test_dir/test_file I see the same behavior whether I run as a normal user, or root/sudo. I ran an strace -f, and this is the end of the output: ... read(4, "<username>\t-d\tsystem_u:object_r:ho"..., 4096) = 2197 <0.000012> brk(0x6e3b1000) = 0x6e3b1000 <0.000009> mmap(NULL, 29138944, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x2abd831ae000 <0.000014> munmap(0x2abd815dd000, 29138944) = 0 <0.003466> The read() is reading from /etc/selinux/targeted/contexts/files/file_contexts.homedirs, apparently successfully. It appears that the process is hanging right after the munmap, but continues to eat 100% CPU. My two questions are: 1) Any good way to see what is going on with the process? I'm currently too lazy to compile a debug version of install I can run gdb on - but a strong suggestion in an answer here may motivate me to do so if needed. 2) Any idea what the SELinux issue could be? I'm not too familiar with SELinux. Additional info of possible relevance: # ls -Z drwxr-xr-x my_user 7001 user_u:object_r:user_home_t test_dir -rw-r--r-- my_user 7001 user_u:object_r:user_home_t test_file # id ... context=user_u:system_r:unconfined_t # uname -a Linux hostname 2.6.18-238.1.1.el5 #1 SMP Tue Jan 4 13:32:19 EST 2011 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux I am suspicious that SELinux + Quest Authentication Services (QAS) is causing the issue. QAS is generally well behaved, but it did cause the /etc/selinux/targeted/contexts/files/file_contexts.homedirs to get quite large (~18k users, @23 lines per user) Update: install -v -Z user_u:object_r:user_home_t file dir/ seems to work. Can anyone suggest why, given that SELinux is in permissive mode (see comments).

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Possible Solution for Setting up a Linux VPN Server to Encrypt WLAN Traffic of Macs and iPhones on

- by GorillaPatch

I would like to set up a VPN server on debian linux to encrypt wireless traffic coming from my Mac or iOS device. I would like to use a certificate-based solution. Setting up a PKI infrastructure and managing certificates is OK for me. 1. Which server to pick? By looking through the internet and here on stackoverflow I found the following possible solutions: strongSwan IPSec and racoon Which solution is feasible for a linode running debian squeeze? 2. How to configure the network? If I understood correctly a VPN has a virtual network interface as an endpoint on the server side. Naively I would think that I need a DHCP server running on the server to assign a dynamic private IP (like of the class C network 192.168.xxx.xxx) to the connecting clients. Next I think I would need to set up masquerading to NAT the incoming VPN traffic to the real interface directly connected to the internet. Is this the right way to go? Do you have any configuration examples? I often saw VPN configurations used to connect to your home network, but that is not what I am looking for. I have a server up in the internet and want to use it as a proxy to encrypt traffic in insecure network environments like public WLANs.

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No LAN and SMB access, and Explorer not responsive, when using a second connection

- by Lorenzo

I apologize if this is a duplicate question, I know that there are several questions about multiple connection (LAN + LAN and LAN + dialup) but I haven't been able to find one that fits my scenario. I'm still using Windows XP on my corporate laptop, and I'm connected to the corporate LAN via Ethernet. The LAN NIC has a public IP address, although not accessible externally, obtained via the corporate DNS server. This connection is firewalled and requires a proxy to access Internet. To access Internet sites blocked by the corporate firewall, I use my smartphone via USB tethering. It is seen as a new LAN interface, and I get a private IP address (class 192.168..). There are two problems: The LAN is not accessible, as the default gateway goes to the tethering NIC. I'd like to solve this, but I can live with it. My PC becomes unresponsive if I use Windows Explorer to view local files, or even when I open the start menu. I guess that this is caused by attemps to connect to a mapped network drive. But I disabled the "Client for Microsoft Networks" in the tethering NIC. Why the system still hangs? Of course if I disable the Ethernet NIC, Explorer stops hanging. If you need further details, add a comment. Thanks!

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Equivalent of scp -l bandwidth_cap for .ssh/config?

- by Mark Bennett

Short form: You can limit the bandwidth the scp uses with the -l switch, you pass a number that's in kbits/sec. I'd rather set this in my .ssh/config file for certain names machines. What's the equivalent named setting for -l ? I haven't been able to find it. Followup question: Generally, not sure how to map back and forth between ssh command line options and config names, short of doing Google searches or manually comparing man pages on a case by case basis. Is there a table that directly equates the two? Longer form of first question, with context: I've started using ssh config quite a bit, especially now that I need to go through a proxy and do lots of port mappings. I even define the same machine more than once depending on what type of tunneling I need. However, when uploading a large file, it's difficult to do anything else on my machine. Even though I have more download bandwidth than up, I think that scp saturates the link so even my small requests can't reach the Internet. There's a fix for this, using the -l bandwidth command line switch for scp. scp -l 1000 bigfile.zip titan: I'd like to use this in my config instead, so I'd create an additional named entry called "titan-upload" and I'd use that as the target whenever I upload. So instead of: scp bigfile.zip titan: I'd say: scp bigfile.zip titan-upload Or even set different caps depending on where I am: scp bigfile.zip titan-upload-from-home vs. scp bigfile.zip titan-upload-from-work I'm generally on Mac and Linux.

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SSL Handshake negotiation on Nginx terribly slow

- by Paras Chopra

I am using Nginx as a proxy to 4 apache instances. My problem is that SSL negotiation takes a lot of time (600 ms). See this as an example: http://www.webpagetest.org/result/101020_8JXS/1/details/ Here is my Nginx Conf: user www-data; worker_processes 4; events { worker_connections 2048; use epoll; } http { include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 0; tcp_nodelay on; gzip on; gzip_proxied any; server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; } upstream abc { server 1.1.1.1 weight=1; server 1.1.1.2 weight=1; server 1.1.1.3 weight=1; } server { listen 443; server_name blah; keepalive_timeout 5; ssl on; ssl_certificate /blah.crt; ssl_certificate_key /blah.key; ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m; ssl_session_timeout 5m; ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1; ssl_ciphers RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP; ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; location / { proxy_pass http://abc; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; } } The machine is a VPS on Linode with 1 G of RAM. Can anyone please tell why SSL Hand shake is taking ages?

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Strange ssh key issue

- by user55714

Scenario 1. I am doing this from /home/deploy directory I am trying to set up ssh with github for capistrano deployment. this has been an absolute nightmare. when I do ssh [email protected] as the deploy account I get Permission denied (publickey). so may be the key is not being found, so If I do a ssh-add /home/deploy/.ssh/id_rsa Could not open a connection to your authentication agent. (i did verify that the ssh-agent was running) If I do exec ssh-agent bash and then repeat the ssh-add then the key does get added and I can ssh into github. Now I exit from the ssh connection to my server and ssh back in and I can't ssh into github anymore! Scenario 2 if I login to my remote server and then cd into my .ssh directory and ssh into github then it all works fine I guess there is a problem with locating the key and for some reason the agent isn't funcitoning correctly. Any ideas? Her is a pastie with more details..my .bashrc, permissions etc. http://pastie.org/pastes/1190557/

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SSLVerifyClient optional with location-based exceptions

- by Ian Dunn

I have a site that requires authentication in order to access certain directories, but not others. (The "directories" are really just rewrite rules that all pass through /index.php) In order to authenticate, the user can either login with a standard username/password, or submit a client-side x509 certificate. So, Apache's vhost conf looks something like this: SSLCACertificateFile /etc/pki/CA/certs/redacted-ca.crt SSLOptions +ExportCertData +StdEnvVars SSLVerifyClient none SSLVerifyDepth 1 <LocationMatch "/(foo-one|foo-two|foo-three)"> SSLVerifyClient optional </LocationMatch> That works fine, but then large file uploads fail because of the behavior documented in bug 12355. The workaround for that is to set SSLVerifyClient require (or optional) as the default, so now the conf looks like this SSLCACertificateFile /etc/pki/CA/certs/redacted-ca.crt SSLOptions +ExportCertData +StdEnvVars SSLVerifyClient optional SSLVerifyDepth 1 <LocationMatch "/(bar-one|bar-two|bar-three)"> SSLVerifyClient none </LocationMatch> That fixes the upload problem, but the SSLVerifyClient none doesn't work for bar-one, bar-two, etc. Those directories are still prompted to present a certificate. Additionally, I also need the root URL to accessible without the user being prompted for a certificate. I'm afraid that will cancel out the workaround, though.

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