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Cisco PIX to Juniper Netscreen Policy-based VPN fails Phase 2 Proposal

- by elint

I've followed the instructions to configure a VPN between a netscreen device and a Cisco PIX as directed by Cisco's [netscreen to PIX VPN]http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk583/tk372/technologies_configuration_example09186a00801c4445.shtml article. The only differences are that I'm running PIX 6.3(5) and Juniper Netscreen 6.1.0r2.0 (Firewall+VPN). I followed both configurations exactly, and when I try to connect, the Juniper returns with: 2010-02-21 12:54:28 information IKE: Removed Phase 2 SAs after receiving a notification message. 2010-02-21 12:54:28 information IKE pix_public_IP: Received a notification message for DOI 1 14 NO-PROPOSAL-CHOSEN. 2010-02-21 12:54:28 information IKE pix_public_IP Phase 2: Initiated negotiations. On the Netscreen, I've created a Phase 2 Proposal called ToCorpOffice using DH Group#2, 3DES-CBC, and SHA-1, and when configuring the AutoKey IKE, I chose ToCorpOffice and removed all other transforms. I believe I've configured the same on the PIX with: sysopt connection permit-ipsec crypto ipsec transform-set mytrans esp-3des esp-sha-hmac crypto map mymap 10 ipsec-isakmp crypto map mymap 10 match address nonat crypto map mymap 10 set pfs group2 crypto map mymap 10 set peer netscreen_public_ip crypto map mymap 10 set transform-set mytrans crypto map mymap interface outside Saved that and rebooted, so here's the cryptomap info: PIX-FW1# show crypto map Crypto Map: "mymap" interfaces: { outside } Crypto Map "mymap" 10 ipsec-isakmp Peer = netscreen_public_ip access-list nonat; 1 elements access-list nonat line 1 permit ip 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 (hitcnt=0) Current peer: netscreen_public_ip Security association lifetime: 4608000 kilobytes/28800 seconds PFS (Y/N): Y DH group: group2 Transform sets={ mytrans, } PIX-FW1# Any idea why I'm getting a NO-PROPOSAL-CHOSEN error?

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QoS for Cisco Router to Prioritize Voice and Interactive Traffic

- by TJ Huffington

I have a Cisco 891W NATing Voice and Data to the internet over a 10mbit/2mbit connection. Voice traffic gets degraded when I upload large files. Pings time out as well. I tried to configure a QoS policy but it's basically not doing anything. Voice traffic still degrades when upload bandwidth gets saturated. Here is my current configruation: class-map match-any QoS-Transactional match protocol ssh match protocol xwindows class-map match-any QoS-Voice match protocol rtp audio class-map match-any QoS-Bulk match protocol secure-nntp match protocol smtp match protocol tftp match protocol ftp class-map match-any QoS-Management match protocol snmp match protocol dns match protocol secure-imap class-map match-any QoS-Inter-Video match protocol rtp video class-map match-any QoS-Voice-Control match access-group name Voice-Control policy-map QoS-Priority-Output class QoS-Voice priority percent 25 set dscp ef class QoS-Inter-Video bandwidth remaining percent 10 set dscp af41 class QoS-Transactional bandwidth remaining percent 25 random-detect dscp-based set dscp af21 class QoS-Bulk bandwidth remaining percent 5 random-detect dscp-based set dscp af11 class QoS-Management bandwidth remaining percent 1 set dscp cs2 class QoS-Voice-Control priority percent 5 set dscp ef class class-default fair-queue interface FastEthernet8 bandwidth 1024 bandwidth receive 20480 ip address dhcp ip nat outside ip virtual-reassembly duplex auto speed auto auto discovery qos crypto map mymap max-reserved-bandwidth 80 service-policy output QoS-Priority-Output crypto map mymap 10 ipsec-isakmp set peer 1.2.3.4 default set transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA match address 110 qos pre-classify ! fa8 is my connection to the internet. Voice traffic goes over a VPN ("mymap") to the SIP server. That's why I specified "qos pre-classify" which I believe is the way to classify traffic over the VPN. However even when I ping a public IP while saturating upload bandwidth, the latency is exceptionally high. Is this configuration correct? Are there any suggestions that might make this work for my setup? Thanks in advance.

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QoS for Cisco Router to Prioritize Voice and Interactive Traffic

- by TJ Huffington

I have a Cisco 891W NATing Voice and Data to the internet over a 10mbit/2mbit connection. Voice traffic gets degraded when I upload large files. Pings time out as well. I tried to configure a QoS policy but it's basically not doing anything. Voice traffic still degrades when upload bandwidth gets saturated. Here is my current configruation: class-map match-any QoS-Transactional match protocol ssh match protocol xwindows class-map match-any QoS-Voice match protocol rtp audio class-map match-any QoS-Bulk match protocol secure-nntp match protocol smtp match protocol tftp match protocol ftp class-map match-any QoS-Management match protocol snmp match protocol dns match protocol secure-imap class-map match-any QoS-Inter-Video match protocol rtp video class-map match-any QoS-Voice-Control match access-group name Voice-Control policy-map QoS-Priority-Output class QoS-Voice priority percent 25 set dscp ef class QoS-Inter-Video bandwidth remaining percent 10 set dscp af41 class QoS-Transactional bandwidth remaining percent 25 random-detect dscp-based set dscp af21 class QoS-Bulk bandwidth remaining percent 5 random-detect dscp-based set dscp af11 class QoS-Management bandwidth remaining percent 1 set dscp cs2 class QoS-Voice-Control priority percent 5 set dscp ef class class-default fair-queue interface FastEthernet8 bandwidth 1024 bandwidth receive 20480 ip address dhcp ip nat outside ip virtual-reassembly duplex auto speed auto auto discovery qos crypto map mymap max-reserved-bandwidth 80 service-policy output QoS-Priority-Output crypto map mymap 10 ipsec-isakmp set peer 1.2.3.4 default set transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA match address 110 qos pre-classify ! fa8 is my connection to the internet. Voice traffic goes over a VPN ("mymap") to the SIP server. That's why I specified "qos pre-classify" which I believe is the way to classify traffic over the VPN. However even when I ping a public IP while saturating upload bandwidth, the latency is exceptionally high. Is this configuration correct? Are there any suggestions that might make this work for my setup? Thanks in advance.

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Last (I think and hope) problems configuring SSL certificate with Apache and VirtualHosts

- by user65567

Finally I set apache2 to get a single certificate for all subdomains. [...] # Go ahead and accept connections for these vhosts # from non-SNI clients SSLStrictSNIVHostCheck off # Apache setup which will listen for and accept SSL connections on port 443. Listen 443 # Listen for virtual host requests on all IP addresses NameVirtualHost *:443 # Because this virtual host is defined first, it will # be used as the default if the hostname is not received # in the SSL handshake, e.g. if the browser doesn't support # SNI. <VirtualHost *:443> ServerName domain.localhost DocumentRoot "/Users/<my_user_name>/Sites/domain/public" <Directory "/Users/<my_user_name>/Sites/domain/public"> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> # SSL Configuration SSLEngine on ... </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:443> ServerName subdomain1.domain.localhost DocumentRoot "/Users/<my_user_name>/Sites/subdomain1/public" <Directory "/Users/<my_user_name>/Sites/subdomain1/public"> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> # SSL Configuration SSLEngine on ... </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:443> ServerName subdomain2.domain.localhost DocumentRoot "/Users/<my_user_name>/Sites/subdomain2/public" <Directory "/Users/<my_user_name>/Sites/subdomain2/public"> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> # SSL Configuration SSLEngine on ... </VirtualHost> So, for example, I can correctly access https://subdomain1.domain.localhost https://subdomain2.domain.localhost ... Now, anyway, I have problems on accessing http://subdomain1.domain.localhost http://subdomain2.domain.localhost ... Since I use a Mac Os, on accessing the "http: version", I get a default page "Your website." (instead of a error). Why does it happen?

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SquidGuard and Active Directory: how to deal with multiple groups?

- by Massimo

I'm setting up SquidGuard (1.4) to validate users against an Active Directory domain and apply ACLs based on group membership; this is an example of my squidGuard.conf: src AD_Group_A { ldapusersearch ldap://my.dc.name/dc=domain,dc=com?sAMAccountName?sub?(&(sAMAccountName=%s)(memberOf=cn=Group_A%2cdc=domain%2cdc=com)) } src AD_Group_B { ldapusersearch ldap://my.dc.name/dc=domain,dc=com?sAMAccountName?sub?(&(sAMAccountName=%s)(memberOf=cn=Group_B%2cdc=domain%2cdc=com)) } dest dest_a { domainlist dest_a/domains urllist dest_b/urls log dest_a.log } dest dest_b { domainlist dest_b/domains urllist dest_b/urls log dest_b.log } acl { AD_Group_A { pass dest_a !dest_b all redirect http://some.url } AD_Group_B { pass !dest_a dest_b all redirect http://some.url } default { pass !dest_a !dest_b all redirect http://some.url } } All works fine if an user is member of Group_A OR Group_B. But if an user is member of BOTH groups, only the first source rule is evaluated, thus applying only the first ACL. I understand this is due to how source rule matching works in SquidGuard (if one rule matches, evaluation stops there and then the related ACL is applied); so I tried this, too: src AD_Group_A_B { ldapusersearch ldap://my.dc.name/dc=domain,dc=com?sAMAccountName?sub?(&(sAMAccountName=%s)(memberOf=cn=Group_A%2cdc=domain%2cdc=com)) ldapusersearch ldap://my.dc.name/dc=domain,dc=com?sAMAccountName?sub?(&(sAMAccountName=%s)(memberOf=cn=Group_B%2cdc=domain%2cdc=com)) } acl { AD_Group_A_B { pass dest_a dest_b all redirect http://some.url } [...] } But this doesn't work, too: if an user is member of either one of those groups, the whole source rule is matched anyway, so he can reach both destinations (which is of course not what I want). The only solution I found so far is creating a THIRD group in AD, and assign a source rule and an ACL to it; but this setup grows exponentially with more than two or three destination sets. Is there any way to handle this better?

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Intermittent CNAME forwarding

- by Godric Seer

I host a personal website on an old desktop that is LAMP based. Since I have a dynamic IP, I use no-ip to make sure I have a working domain name at all times. I also have a domain I have bought on GoDaddy where I have a CNAME record forwarding the www subdomain to my no-ip domain. At all times, I can connect to my website through the no-ip domain without issue. For the past several weeks, I never had an issue using the GoDaddy domain to connect (ssh or https). As of today, however, the GoDaddy domain only works for about 10 minutes at a time. I get server not found errors most of the time. Also, if I happen to be using the GoDaddy domain for an ssh connection, the connection will freeze. I have attempted to run tests using a couple of online DNS check websites, but have not gotten any errors at any time. I also contacted GoDaddy support but they had no issues connecting to the website, and therefore did not see any issues. I would like advice on how I could debug/resolve this issue. Since the problem appeared without me changing anything on my end, I hope it will resolve itself, but knowing the cause in case it happens again would be preferable. EDIT: I changed the configuration in GoDaddy to create an A (Host) that points at my current IP. This works fine, so I can access the site through the GoDaddy domain without the preceding www. I am currently waiting for a new CNAME record to propagate that points the www subdomain at the main host, rather than my no-ip domain.

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Problems with LDAP auth in Apache, works only for one group

- by tore-

Hi, I'm currently publishing some subversions repos within Apache: <Location /dev/> DAV svn SVNPath /opt/svn/repos/dev/ AuthType Basic AuthName "Subversion repo authentication" AuthBasicProvider ldap AuthzLDAPAuthoritative On AuthLDAPBindDN "CN=readonlyaccount,OU=Objects,DC=invalid,DC=now" AuthLDAPBindPassword readonlyaccountspassword AuthLDAPURL "ldap://invalid.domain:389/OU=Objects,DC=invalid,DC=domain?sAMAccountName?sub?(objectClass=*)" Require ldap-group cn=dev,ou=SVN,DC=invalid,DC=domain </Location> This setup works great, but now we want to give an LDAP group read only access to our repo, then my apache config looks like this: <Location /dev/> DAV svn SVNPath /opt/svn/repos/dev/ AuthType Basic AuthName "Subversion repo authentication" AuthBasicProvider ldap AuthzLDAPAuthoritative On AuthLDAPBindDN "CN=readonlyaccount,OU=Objects,DC=invalid,DC=now" AuthLDAPBindPassword readonlyaccountspassword AuthLDAPURL "ldap://invalid.domain:389/OU=Objects,DC=invalid,DC=domain?sAMAccountName?sub?(objectClass=*)" <Limit OPTIONS PROPFIND GET REPORT> Require ldap-group cn=dev-ro,ou=SVN,dc=invalid,dc=domain </Limit> <LimitExcept OPTIONS PROPFIND GET REPORT> Require ldap-group cn=dev-rw,ou=SVN,dc=invalid,dc=domain </LimitExcept> </Location> All of my user accounts is under: OU=Objects,DC=invalid,DC=domain All groups related to subversion is under: ou=SVN,dc=invalid,dc=domain The problem after modification, only users in the dev-ro LDAP group is able to authenticate. I know that authentication with LDAP works, since my apache logs show my usernames: 10.1.1.126 - tore [...] "GET /dev/ HTTP/1.1" 200 339 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (...)" 10.1.1.126 - - [...] "GET /dev/ HTTP/1.1" 401 501 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (...)" 10.1.1.126 - readonly [...] "GET /dev/ HTTP/1.1" 401 501 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (...) line = user in group dev-rw, 2. line is unauthenticated user, 3. line is unauthenticated user, authenticated as a user in group dev-ro So I think I've messed up my apache config. Advise?

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How do I stop postfix from handling my mail?

- by Tatu Ulmanen

Here's the situation: I have a domain, let's say domain.com. That domain has Google Apps for Business enabled, so all mail delivered to @domain.com will end up at Google (MX records point to Google). I have a PHP script at domain.com that I use to send mail to myself. But when the PHP script tries to send mail to [email protected], Postfix at that server decides that the recipient is a local user (because the address matches the domain Postfix itself is at), and tries to deliver the mail locally. But inevitably fails as the mailbox cannot be found. How can I instruct Postfix to not try to handle locally any emails to @domain.com and just send them forward so Google can pick them up? I have already removed $myhostname from mydestination field in Postfix's main.cf file, and I have restarted Postfix but Postfix still tries to deliver the mail locally. Here's a snip from mail.log that show the problem (addresses replaced): postfix/pickup[20643]: AF718422E5: uid=33 from=<server> postfix/cleanup[20669]: AF718422E5: message-id=<62e706bcca5a0de0bfec6baa576d88a5@server> postfix/qmgr[20642]: AF718422E5: from=<server>, size=517, nrcpt=1 (queue active) postfix/pipe[20678]: AF718422E5: to=<[email protected]>, relay=dovecot, delay=0.62, delays=0.47/0.03/0/0.13, dsn=5.1.1, status=bounced (user unknown) postfix/bounce[20680]: AF718422E5: sender non-delivery notification: 29598422E7 postfix/qmgr[20642]: AF718422E5: removed

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Wildcard SSL and Apache configuration

- by Nitai

Hi all, I'm pulling my hard on this configuration, which probably is simply. I have a wildcard ssl certificate which is working. I have the website setup to run on domain.com under SSL. Now, I'm in need to run many subdomains (*.domain.com) on the same server with the same SSL certificate. Shouldn't be that hard, right? Well, I can't get it going. Point is, that the first config is another Tomcat server that serves another site and listens to domain.com and www.domain.com. The other config listens to *.domain.com and pulls the content from another Tomcat server. I already tried this whole setup with mod_rewrite, but simply don't see what I'm doing wrong. Any help very much appreciated. Here is my conf in Apache 2.2: <VirtualHost *:443> SSLEngine on SSLCertificateFile ... SSLCertificateKeyFile ... SSLCertificateChainFile ... ServerName domain.com ServerAlias www.domain.com ProxyRequests Off <Proxy *> Order deny,allow Allow from all </Proxy> ProxyPreserveHost On ProxyPass / ajp://localhost:8010/ ProxyPassReverse / ajp://localhost:8010/ </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:443> SSLEngine on SSLCertificateFile ... SSLCertificateKeyFile ... SSLCertificateChainFile ... ServerName domain.com ServerAlias *.domain.com ProxyRequests Off <Proxy *> Order deny,allow Allow from all </Proxy> ProxyPreserveHost On ProxyPass / ajp://localhost:8009/ ProxyPassReverse / ajp://localhost:8009/ </VirtualHost> Thanks.

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Linux And NTFS Permissions

- by VGE IT

Trying to restrict a folder within a directory created in linux filesystem. I have changed the permissions to: root rwx, a special active directory group rwx and all others r. Upon doing so, people that are not in the special AD group can access the directory and modify files. Upon doing so the group changes to "Domain Users" when the user modifies documents within the directory. I have to manualy change the documents default group back to my AD group. I have tried to create another AD group and modify permissons to deny write access. When doing so through windows explorer, the settings seem to take affect until I go back in a look at permissions for the restricted group. No permissions show when I view for the second time. Please assist. Samba share properties [MyShare] comment = "blah blah blah" browseable = yes guest ok = no read only = no path = /xxx/xxxxx/ create mask = 0640 directory mask = 0750 admin users = @"domain\Domain Admins", @"domain\group A", @"domain\group B" valid users = @"domain\Domain Admins", @"domain\group A", @"domain\group B" nt acl support = Yes inherit acls = yes inherit owner = yes inherit permissions = yes

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postfix - connection refused from behind NAT

- by manchine

When attempting to telnet postfix from a different host in the same LAN through the FQDN (and thus the LAN's public IP), the following error occurs: root@mailer:/var/log# telnet mail.domain.com 25 Trying 1.2.3.4... telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection refused Other services can be reached from the exact same host, however: root@mailer:/var/log# telnet mail.domain.com 22 Trying 1.2.3.4... Connected to mail.domain.com. Escape character is '^]'. SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_6.0p1 Debian-4+deb7u1 To make matters more intriguing, Postfix can be accessed from outside the LAN: nunos-mbp:mailog nzimas$ telnet mail.domain.com 25 Trying 1.2.3.4... Connected to mail.domain.com. Escape character is '^]'. 220 mail.domain.com ESMTP Postfix (Ubuntu) To sum thing up: a) Postfix (running on 10.10.10.4 / mail.domiain.com) refuses connection from a host in the same LAN (10.10.10.2), but only when queried through the FQDN (mail.domain.com) b) mail.domain.com accepts connections to other services (but Postfix) from 10.10.10.2 c) mail.domain.com accepts connections to all services, including Postfix, from the outside world If it were a firewall issue, then I believe it would not be possible to connect to any service from 10.10.10.2 through the FQSN / public IP. It ought to be some missing parameter in Postfix, although I haven't found any clear pointers so far.

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Last (I think and hope) problems configuring SSL certificate with Apache and VirtualHosts

- by user65567

Finally I set apache2 to get a single certificate for all subdomains. [...] # Go ahead and accept connections for these vhosts # from non-SNI clients SSLStrictSNIVHostCheck off # Apache setup which will listen for and accept SSL connections on port 443. Listen 443 # Listen for virtual host requests on all IP addresses NameVirtualHost *:443 # Because this virtual host is defined first, it will # be used as the default if the hostname is not received # in the SSL handshake, e.g. if the browser doesn't support # SNI. <VirtualHost *:443> ServerName domain.localhost DocumentRoot "/Users/<my_user_name>/Sites/domain/public" <Directory "/Users/<my_user_name>/Sites/domain/public"> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> # SSL Configuration SSLEngine on ... </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:443> ServerName subdomain1.domain.localhost DocumentRoot "/Users/<my_user_name>/Sites/subdomain1/public" <Directory "/Users/<my_user_name>/Sites/subdomain1/public"> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> # SSL Configuration SSLEngine on ... </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:443> ServerName subdomain2.domain.localhost DocumentRoot "/Users/<my_user_name>/Sites/subdomain2/public" <Directory "/Users/<my_user_name>/Sites/subdomain2/public"> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> # SSL Configuration SSLEngine on ... </VirtualHost> So, for example, I can correctly access https://subdomain1.domain.localhost https://subdomain2.domain.localhost ... Now, anyway, I have problems on accessing http://subdomain1.domain.localhost http://subdomain2.domain.localhost ... Since I use a Mac Os, on accessing the "http: version", I get a default page "Your website." (instead of a error). Why does it happen?

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How to Deploy an ASP.NET Web API- and Browser-based Application to a Production Environment [closed]

- by lmttag

Possible Duplicate: How to Deploy an ASP.NET Web API- and Browser-based Application to a Production Environment We have an ASP.NET Web API server that serves up a SQL Server data driven website. The API uses JSON to transfer data from SQL Server to the front end. We need to move it to an internal production environment (nothing will be exposed on the public Internet) and we’re having problems - or just not understanding what needs to be done. There are two domains: The corporate domain - where all users login normally. The process domain - contains the database the Web API needs to access. The IT staff wants to put a DMZ between the two domains to house the IIS app and shield the users on the corporate domain from having access into the process domain directly. The ideal configuration is: corp domain (end users) <–> firewall (open port 80) <–> DMZ (web server running IIS) <–> firewall (open port 80 or 1433????) <–> process domain (IIS for Web API and SQL Server) We don’t really understand how to deploy our browser/Web API application in this scenario. Do we need to break up our application so that all the client code is on the IIS server in the DMZ, while the Web API gets installed on the server in the process domain? Does the entire app (client code and Web API) stay together on the IIS server in the DMZ, which then somehow accesses the SQL Server instance to get data? From the IIS server and app in the DMZ, would you simply access the Web API on the server in the process domain by going to http://server/appname/api/getitmes? In the second firewall between the DMZ and the process domain, would you have to open port 1433 or just port 80 since the Web API is a HTTP endpoint? Or, is there some better way of deployment (i.e., how ASP.NET Web API single page applications written all in HTML5 and JavaScript supposed to be deployed to production environments?)? NB: The servers are Win2k8 R2, SQL Server 2k8 R2, and IIS 7.5.

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ping: unknown host google.com

- by Tar

Relevant output: /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 servers_ip_address server.2006scape.com server /etc/resolv.conf search 2006scape.com #Generated by NetworkManager nameserver 8.8.8.8 nameserver 8.8.4.4 Some stuff from tcpdump 07:46:28.795843 IP server_ip.42841 > 8.8.4.4.domain: 60253+ PTR? 87.127.104.87.in-addr.arpa. (44) 07:46:28.795980 IP server_ip.54001 > 8.8.4.4.domain: 7390+ PTR? 60.187.80.98.in-addr.arpa. (43) 07:46:28.804029 IP server_ip.59667 > 8.8.4.4.domain: 58876+ PTR? 134.154.161.72.in-addr.arpa. (45) 07:46:28.884171 IP server_ip.46255 > 8.8.4.4.domain: 63027+ PTR? 195.156.251.84.in-addr.arpa. (45) 07:46:28.884217 IP server_ip.35426 > 8.8.4.4.domain: 10538+ PTR? 118.3.182.166.in-addr.arpa. (44) 07:46:28.884253 IP server_ip.53635 > 8.8.4.4.domain: 29928+ PTR? 230.94.81.83.in-addr.arpa. (43) 07:46:28.884286 IP server_ip.45787 > 8.8.4.4.domain: 41151+ PTR? 18.32.223.121.in-addr.arpa. (44) 07:46:28.946045 IP server_ip.47246 > 8.8.4.4.domain: 43103+ PTR? 81.70.251.84.in-addr.arpa. (43) 07:46:28.946066 IP server_ip.33208 > 8.8.4.4.domain: 61117+ PTR? 69.170.184.71.in-addr.arpa. (44) Anyone have any input as to what is causing this?

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Configuring Fed Authentication Methods in OIF / IdP

- by Damien Carru

In this article, I will provide examples on how to configure OIF/IdP to map OAM Authentication Schemes to Federation Authentication Methods, based on the concepts introduced in my previous entry. I will show examples for the three protocols supported by OIF: SAML 2.0 SSO SAML 1.1 SSO OpenID 2.0 Enjoy the reading! Configuration As I mentioned in my previous article, mapping Federation Authentication Methods to OAM Authentication Schemes is protocol dependent, since the methods are defined in the various protocols (SAML 2.0, SAML 1.1, OpenID 2.0). As such, the WLST commands to set those mappings will involve: Either the SP Partner Profile and affect all Partners referencing that profile, which do not override the Federation Authentication Method to OAM Authentication Scheme mappings Or the SP Partner entry, which will only affect the SP Partner It is important to note that if an SP Partner is configured to define one or more Federation Authentication Method to OAM Authentication Scheme mappings, then all the mappings defined in the SP Partner Profile will be ignored. WLST Commands The two OIF WLST commands that can be used to define mapping Federation Authentication Methods to OAM Authentication Schemes are: addSPPartnerProfileAuthnMethod() to define a mapping on an SP Partner Profile, taking as parameters: The name of the SP Partner Profile The Federation Authentication Method The OAM Authentication Scheme name addSPPartnerAuthnMethod() to define a mapping on an SP Partner , taking as parameters: The name of the SP Partner The Federation Authentication Method The OAM Authentication Scheme name Note: I will discuss in a subsequent article the other parameters of those commands. In the next sections, I will show examples on how to use those methods: For SAML 2.0, I will configure the SP Partner Profile, that will apply all the mappings to SP Partners referencing this profile, unless they override mapping definition For SAML 1.1, I will configure the SP Partner. For OpenID 2.0, I will configure the SP/RP Partner SAML 2.0 Test Setup In this setup, OIF is acting as an IdP and is integrated with a remote SAML 2.0 SP partner identified by AcmeSP. In this test, I will perform Federation SSO with OIF/IdP configured to: Use LDAPScheme as the Authentication Scheme Use BasicScheme as the Authentication Scheme Map BasicSessionScheme to the urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:Password Federation Authentication Method Use OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme as the Authentication Scheme Map OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme to the urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport Federation Authentication Method LDAPScheme as Authentication Scheme Using the OOTB settings regarding user authentication in OAM, the user will be challenged via a FORM based login page based on the LDAPScheme. Also the default Federation Authentication Method mappings configuration maps only the urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport to LDAPScheme (also marked as the default scheme used for authentication), FAAuthScheme, BasicScheme and BasicFAScheme. After authentication via FORM, OIF/IdP would issue an Assertion similar to: <samlp:Response ...> <saml:Issuer ...>https://idp.com/oam/fed</saml:Issuer> <samlp:Status> <samlp:StatusCode Value="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:status:Success"/> </samlp:Status> <saml:Assertion ...> <saml:Issuer ...>https://idp.com/oam/fed</saml:Issuer> <dsig:Signature> ... </dsig:Signature> <saml:Subject> <saml:NameID ...>[email protected]</saml:NameID> <saml:SubjectConfirmation Method="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:cm:bearer"> <saml:SubjectConfirmationData .../> </saml:SubjectConfirmation> </saml:Subject> <saml:Conditions ...> <saml:AudienceRestriction> <saml:Audience>https://acme.com/sp</saml:Audience> </saml:AudienceRestriction> </saml:Conditions> <saml:AuthnStatement AuthnInstant="2014-03-21T20:53:55Z" SessionIndex="id-6i-Dm0yB-HekG6cejktwcKIFMzYE8Yrmqwfd0azz" SessionNotOnOrAfter="2014-03-21T21:53:55Z"> <saml:AuthnContext> <saml:AuthnContextClassRef> urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport </saml:AuthnContextClassRef> </saml:AuthnContext> </saml:AuthnStatement> </saml:Assertion></samlp:Response> BasicScheme as Authentication Scheme For this test, I will switch the default Authentication Scheme for the SP Partner Profile to BasicScheme instead of LDAPScheme. I will use the OIF WLST setSPPartnerProfileDefaultScheme() command and specify which scheme to be used as the default for the SP Partner Profile referenced by AcmeSP (which is saml20-sp-partner-profile in this case: getFedPartnerProfile("AcmeSP", "sp") ): Enter the WLST environment by executing:$IAM_ORACLE_HOME/common/bin/wlst.sh Connect to the WLS Admin server:connect() Navigate to the Domain Runtime branch:domainRuntime() Execute the setSPPartnerProfileDefaultScheme() command:setSPPartnerProfileDefaultScheme("saml20-sp-partner-profile", "BasicScheme") Exit the WLST environment:exit() The user will now be challenged via HTTP Basic Authentication defined in the BasicScheme for AcmeSP. Also, as noted earlier, the default Federation Authentication Method mappings configuration maps only the urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport to LDAPScheme (also marked as the default scheme used for authentication), FAAuthScheme, BasicScheme and BasicFAScheme. After authentication via HTTP Basic Authentication, OIF/IdP would issue an Assertion similar to: <samlp:Response ...> <saml:Issuer ...>https://idp.com/oam/fed</saml:Issuer> <samlp:Status> <samlp:StatusCode Value="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:status:Success"/> </samlp:Status> <saml:Assertion ...> <saml:Issuer ...>https://idp.com/oam/fed</saml:Issuer> <dsig:Signature> ... </dsig:Signature> <saml:Subject> <saml:NameID ...>[email protected]</saml:NameID> <saml:SubjectConfirmation Method="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:cm:bearer"> <saml:SubjectConfirmationData .../> </saml:SubjectConfirmation> </saml:Subject> <saml:Conditions ...> <saml:AudienceRestriction> <saml:Audience>https://acme.com/sp</saml:Audience> </saml:AudienceRestriction> </saml:Conditions> <saml:AuthnStatement AuthnInstant="2014-03-21T20:53:55Z" SessionIndex="id-6i-Dm0yB-HekG6cejktwcKIFMzYE8Yrmqwfd0azz" SessionNotOnOrAfter="2014-03-21T21:53:55Z"> <saml:AuthnContext> <saml:AuthnContextClassRef> urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport </saml:AuthnContextClassRef> </saml:AuthnContext> </saml:AuthnStatement> </saml:Assertion></samlp:Response> Mapping BasicScheme To change the Federation Authentication Method mapping for the BasicScheme to urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:Password instead of urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport for the saml20-sp-partner-profile SAML 2.0 SP Partner Profile (the profile to which my AcmeSP Partner is bound to), I will execute the addSPPartnerProfileAuthnMethod() method: Enter the WLST environment by executing:$IAM_ORACLE_HOME/common/bin/wlst.sh Connect to the WLS Admin server:connect() Navigate to the Domain Runtime branch:domainRuntime() Execute the addSPPartnerProfileAuthnMethod() command:addSPPartnerProfileAuthnMethod("saml20-sp-partner-profile", "urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:Password", "BasicScheme") Exit the WLST environment:exit() After authentication via HTTP Basic Authentication, OIF/IdP would now issue an Assertion similar to (see that the AuthnContextClassRef was changed from PasswordProtectedTransport to Password): <samlp:Response ...> <saml:Issuer ...>https://idp.com/oam/fed</saml:Issuer> <samlp:Status> <samlp:StatusCode Value="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:status:Success"/> </samlp:Status> <saml:Assertion ...> <saml:Issuer ...>https://idp.com/oam/fed</saml:Issuer> <dsig:Signature> ... </dsig:Signature> <saml:Subject> <saml:NameID ...>[email protected]</saml:NameID> <saml:SubjectConfirmation Method="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:cm:bearer"> <saml:SubjectConfirmationData .../> </saml:SubjectConfirmation> </saml:Subject> <saml:Conditions ...> <saml:AudienceRestriction> <saml:Audience>https://acme.com/sp</saml:Audience> </saml:AudienceRestriction> </saml:Conditions> <saml:AuthnStatement AuthnInstant="2014-03-21T20:53:55Z" SessionIndex="id-6i-Dm0yB-HekG6cejktwcKIFMzYE8Yrmqwfd0azz" SessionNotOnOrAfter="2014-03-21T21:53:55Z"> <saml:AuthnContext> <saml:AuthnContextClassRef> urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:Password </saml:AuthnContextClassRef> </saml:AuthnContext> </saml:AuthnStatement> </saml:Assertion></samlp:Response> OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme as Authentication Scheme For this test, I will switch the default Authentication Scheme for the SP Partner Profile to OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme instead of BasicScheme. I will use the OIF WLST setSPPartnerProfileDefaultScheme() command and specify which scheme to be used as the default for the SP Partner Profile referenced by AcmeSP (which is saml20-sp-partner-profile in this case: getFedPartnerProfile("AcmeSP", "sp") ): Enter the WLST environment by executing:$IAM_ORACLE_HOME/common/bin/wlst.sh Connect to the WLS Admin server:connect() Navigate to the Domain Runtime branch:domainRuntime() Execute the setSPPartnerProfileDefaultScheme() command:setSPPartnerProfileDefaultScheme("saml20-sp-partner-profile", "OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme") Exit the WLST environment:exit() The user will now be challenged via FORM defined in the OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme for AcmeSP. Contrarily to LDAPScheme and BasicScheme, the OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme is not mapped by default to any Federation Authentication Methods. As such, OIF/IdP will not be able to find a Federation Authentication Method and will set the method in the SAML Assertion to the OAM Authentication Scheme name. After authentication via FORM, OIF/IdP would issue an Assertion similar to (see the AuthnContextClassRef set to OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme): <samlp:Response ...> <saml:Issuer ...>https://idp.com/oam/fed</saml:Issuer> <samlp:Status> <samlp:StatusCode Value="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:status:Success"/> </samlp:Status> <saml:Assertion ...> <saml:Issuer ...>https://idp.com/oam/fed</saml:Issuer> <dsig:Signature> ... </dsig:Signature> <saml:Subject> <saml:NameID ...>[email protected]</saml:NameID> <saml:SubjectConfirmation Method="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:cm:bearer"> <saml:SubjectConfirmationData .../> </saml:SubjectConfirmation> </saml:Subject> <saml:Conditions ...> <saml:AudienceRestriction> <saml:Audience>https://acme.com/sp</saml:Audience> </saml:AudienceRestriction> </saml:Conditions> <saml:AuthnStatement AuthnInstant="2014-03-21T20:53:55Z" SessionIndex="id-6i-Dm0yB-HekG6cejktwcKIFMzYE8Yrmqwfd0azz" SessionNotOnOrAfter="2014-03-21T21:53:55Z"> <saml:AuthnContext> <saml:AuthnContextClassRef> OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme </saml:AuthnContextClassRef> </saml:AuthnContext> </saml:AuthnStatement> </saml:Assertion></samlp:Response> Mapping OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme To add the OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme to the Federation Authentication Method urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport mapping, I will execute the addSPPartnerProfileAuthnMethod() method: Enter the WLST environment by executing:$IAM_ORACLE_HOME/common/bin/wlst.sh Connect to the WLS Admin server:connect() Navigate to the Domain Runtime branch:domainRuntime() Execute the addSPPartnerProfileAuthnMethod() command:addSPPartnerProfileAuthnMethod("saml20-sp-partner-profile", "urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport", "OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme") Exit the WLST environment:exit() After authentication via FORM, OIF/IdP would now issue an Assertion similar to (see that the method was changed from OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme to PasswordProtectedTransport): <samlp:Response ...> <saml:Issuer ...>https://idp.com/oam/fed</saml:Issuer> <samlp:Status> <samlp:StatusCode Value="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:status:Success"/> </samlp:Status> <saml:Assertion ...> <saml:Issuer ...>https://idp.com/oam/fed</saml:Issuer> <dsig:Signature> ... </dsig:Signature> <saml:Subject> <saml:NameID ...>[email protected]</saml:NameID> <saml:SubjectConfirmation Method="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:cm:bearer"> <saml:SubjectConfirmationData .../> </saml:SubjectConfirmation> </saml:Subject> <saml:Conditions ...> <saml:AudienceRestriction> <saml:Audience>https://acme.com/sp</saml:Audience> </saml:AudienceRestriction> </saml:Conditions> <saml:AuthnStatement AuthnInstant="2014-03-21T20:53:55Z" SessionIndex="id-6i-Dm0yB-HekG6cejktwcKIFMzYE8Yrmqwfd0azz" SessionNotOnOrAfter="2014-03-21T21:53:55Z"> <saml:AuthnContext> <saml:AuthnContextClassRef> urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport </saml:AuthnContextClassRef> </saml:AuthnContext> </saml:AuthnStatement> </saml:Assertion></samlp:Response> SAML 1.1 Test Setup In this setup, OIF is acting as an IdP and is integrated with a remote SAML 1.1 SP partner identified by AcmeSP. In this test, I will perform Federation SSO with OIF/IdP configured to: Use LDAPScheme as the Authentication Scheme Use OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme as the Authentication Scheme Map OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme to the urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport Federation Authentication Method Use LDAPScheme as the Authentication Scheme Map LDAPScheme to the urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:PasswordProtectedTransport Federation Authentication Method LDAPScheme as Authentication Scheme Using the OOTB settings regarding user authentication in OAM, the user will be challenged via a FORM based login page based on the LDAPScheme. Also the default Federation Authentication Method mappings configuration maps only the urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:am:password to LDAPScheme (also marked as the default scheme used for authentication), FAAuthScheme, BasicScheme and BasicFAScheme. After authentication via FORM, OIF/IdP would issue an Assertion similar to: <samlp:Response ...> <samlp:Status> <samlp:StatusCode Value="samlp:Success"/> </samlp:Status> <saml:Assertion Issuer="https://idp.com/oam/fed" ...> <saml:Conditions ...> <saml:AudienceRestriction> <saml:Audience>https://acme.com/sp/ssov11</saml:Audience> </saml:AudienceRestriction> </saml:Conditions> <saml:AuthnStatement AuthenticationInstant="2014-03-21T20:53:55Z" AuthenticationMethod="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:am:password"> <saml:Subject> <saml:NameIdentifier ...>[email protected]</saml:NameIdentifier> <saml:SubjectConfirmation> <saml:ConfirmationMethod> urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:cm:bearer </saml:ConfirmationMethod> </saml:SubjectConfirmation> </saml:Subject> </saml:AuthnStatement> <dsig:Signature> ... </dsig:Signature> </saml:Assertion></samlp:Response> OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme as Authentication Scheme For this test, I will switch the default Authentication Scheme for the SP Partner to OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme instead of LDAPScheme. I will use the OIF WLST setSPPartnerDefaultScheme() command and specify which scheme to be used as the default for the SP Partner: Enter the WLST environment by executing:$IAM_ORACLE_HOME/common/bin/wlst.sh Connect to the WLS Admin server:connect() Navigate to the Domain Runtime branch:domainRuntime() Execute the setSPPartnerDefaultScheme() command:setSPPartnerDefaultScheme("AcmeSP", "OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme") Exit the WLST environment:exit() The user will be challenged via FORM defined in the OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme for AcmeSP. Contrarily to LDAPScheme, the OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme is not mapped by default to any Federation Authentication Methods (in the SP Partner Profile). As such, OIF/IdP will not be able to find a Federation Authentication Method and will set the method in the SAML Assertion to the OAM Authentication Scheme name. After authentication via FORM, OIF/IdP would issue an Assertion similar to (see the AuthenticationMethod set to OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme): <samlp:Response ...> <samlp:Status> <samlp:StatusCode Value="samlp:Success"/> </samlp:Status> <saml:Assertion Issuer="https://idp.com/oam/fed" ...> <saml:Conditions ...> <saml:AudienceRestriction> <saml:Audience>https://acme.com/sp/ssov11</saml:Audience> </saml:AudienceRestriction> </saml:Conditions> <saml:AuthnStatement AuthenticationInstant="2014-03-21T20:53:55Z" AuthenticationMethod="OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme"> <saml:Subject> <saml:NameIdentifier ...>[email protected]</saml:NameIdentifier> <saml:SubjectConfirmation> <saml:ConfirmationMethod> urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:cm:bearer </saml:ConfirmationMethod> </saml:SubjectConfirmation> </saml:Subject> </saml:AuthnStatement> <dsig:Signature> ... </dsig:Signature> </saml:Assertion></samlp:Response> Mapping OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme To map the OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme to the Federation Authentication Method urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:am:password for this SP Partner only, I will execute the addSPPartnerAuthnMethod() method: Enter the WLST environment by executing:$IAM_ORACLE_HOME/common/bin/wlst.sh Connect to the WLS Admin server:connect() Navigate to the Domain Runtime branch:domainRuntime() Execute the addSPPartnerAuthnMethod() command:addSPPartnerAuthnMethod("AcmeSP", "urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:am:password", "OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme") Exit the WLST environment:exit() After authentication via FORM, OIF/IdP would now issue an Assertion similar to (see that the method was changed from OAMLDAPPluginAuthnScheme to password): <samlp:Response ...> <samlp:Status> <samlp:StatusCode Value="samlp:Success"/> </samlp:Status> <saml:Assertion Issuer="https://idp.com/oam/fed" ...> <saml:Conditions ...> <saml:AudienceRestriction> <saml:Audience>https://acme.com/sp/ssov11</saml:Audience> </saml:AudienceRestriction> </saml:Conditions> <saml:AuthnStatement AuthenticationInstant="2014-03-21T20:53:55Z" AuthenticationMethod="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:am:password"> <saml:Subject> <saml:NameIdentifier ...>[email protected]</saml:NameIdentifier> <saml:SubjectConfirmation> <saml:ConfirmationMethod> urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:cm:bearer </saml:ConfirmationMethod> </saml:SubjectConfirmation> </saml:Subject> </saml:AuthnStatement> <dsig:Signature> ... </dsig:Signature> </saml:Assertion></samlp:Response> LDAPScheme as Authentication Scheme I will now show that by defining a Federation Authentication Mapping at the Partner level, this now ignores all mappings defined at the SP Partner Profile level. For this test, I will switch the default Authentication Scheme for this SP Partner back to LDAPScheme, and the Assertion issued by OIF/IdP will not be able to map this LDAPScheme to a Federation Authentication Method anymore, since A Federation Authentication Method mapping is defined at the SP Partner level and thus the mappings defined at the SP Partner Profile are ignored The LDAPScheme is not listed in the mapping at the Partner level I will use the OIF WLST setSPPartnerDefaultScheme() command and specify which scheme to be used as the default for this SP Partner: Enter the WLST environment by executing:$IAM_ORACLE_HOME/common/bin/wlst.sh Connect to the WLS Admin server:connect() Navigate to the Domain Runtime branch:domainRuntime() Execute the setSPPartnerDefaultScheme() command:setSPPartnerDefaultScheme("AcmeSP", "LDAPScheme") Exit the WLST environment:exit() After authentication via FORM, OIF/IdP would issue an Assertion similar to (see the AuthenticationMethod set to LDAPScheme): <samlp:Response ...> <samlp:Status> <samlp:StatusCode Value="samlp:Success"/> </samlp:Status> <saml:Assertion Issuer="https://idp.com/oam/fed" ...> <saml:Conditions ...> <saml:AudienceRestriction> <saml:Audience>https://acme.com/sp/ssov11</saml:Audience> </saml:AudienceRestriction> </saml:Conditions> <saml:AuthnStatement AuthenticationInstant="2014-03-21T20:53:55Z" AuthenticationMethod="LDAPScheme"> <saml:Subject> <saml:NameIdentifier ...>[email protected]</saml:NameIdentifier> <saml:SubjectConfirmation> <saml:ConfirmationMethod> urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:cm:bearer </saml:ConfirmationMethod> </saml:SubjectConfirmation> </saml:Subject> </saml:AuthnStatement> <dsig:Signature> ... </dsig:Signature> </saml:Assertion></samlp:Response> Mapping LDAPScheme at Partner Level To fix this issue, we will need to add the LDAPScheme to the Federation Authentication Method urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:am:password mapping for this SP Partner only. I will execute the addSPPartnerAuthnMethod() method: Enter the WLST environment by executing:$IAM_ORACLE_HOME/common/bin/wlst.sh Connect to the WLS Admin server:connect() Navigate to the Domain Runtime branch:domainRuntime() Execute the addSPPartnerAuthnMethod() command:addSPPartnerAuthnMethod("AcmeSP", "urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:am:password", "LDAPScheme") Exit the WLST environment:exit() After authentication via FORM, OIF/IdP would now issue an Assertion similar to (see that the method was changed from LDAPScheme to password): <samlp:Response ...> <samlp:Status> <samlp:StatusCode Value="samlp:Success"/> </samlp:Status> <saml:Assertion Issuer="https://idp.com/oam/fed" ...> <saml:Conditions ...> <saml:AudienceRestriction> <saml:Audience>https://acme.com/sp/ssov11</saml:Audience> </saml:AudienceRestriction> </saml:Conditions> <saml:AuthnStatement AuthenticationInstant="2014-03-21T20:53:55Z" AuthenticationMethod="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:am:password"> <saml:Subject> <saml:NameIdentifier ...>[email protected]</saml:NameIdentifier> <saml:SubjectConfirmation> <saml:ConfirmationMethod> urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.0:cm:bearer </saml:ConfirmationMethod> </saml:SubjectConfirmation> </saml:Subject> </saml:AuthnStatement> <dsig:Signature> ... </dsig:Signature> </saml:Assertion></samlp:Response> OpenID 2.0 In the OpenID 2.0 flows, the RP must request use of PAPE, in order for OIF/IdP/OP to include PAPE information. For OpenID 2.0, the configuration will involve mapping a list of OpenID 2.0 policies to a list of Authentication Schemes. The WLST command will take a list of policies, delimited by the ',' character, instead of SAML 2.0 or SAML 1.1 where a single Federation Authentication Method had to be specified. Test Setup In this setup, OIF is acting as an IdP/OP and is integrated with a remote OpenID 2.0 SP/RP partner identified by AcmeRP. In this test, I will perform Federation SSO with OIF/IdP configured to: Use LDAPScheme as the Authentication Scheme Map LDAPScheme to the http://schemas.openid.net/pape/policies/2007/06/phishing-resistant and http://openid-policies/password-protected policies Federation Authentication Methods (the second one is a custom for this use case) LDAPScheme as Authentication Scheme Using the OOTB settings regarding user authentication in OAM, the user will be challenged via a FORM based login page based on the LDAPScheme. No Federation Authentication Method is defined OOTB for OpenID 2.0, so if the IdP/OP issue an SSO response with a PAPE Response element, it will specify the scheme name instead of Federation Authentication Methods After authentication via FORM, OIF/IdP would issue an SSO Response similar to: https://acme.com/openid?refid=id-9PKVXZmRxAeDYcgLqPm36ClzOMA-&openid.ns=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0&openid.mode=id_res&openid.op_endpoint=https%3A%2F%2Fidp.com%2Fopenid&openid.claimed_id=https%3A%2F%2Fidp.com%2Fopenid%3Fid%3Did-38iCmmlAVEXPsFjnFVKArfn5RIiF75D5doorhEgqqPM%3D&openid.identity=https%3A%2F%2Fidp.com%2Fopenid%3Fid%3Did-38iCmmlAVEXPsFjnFVKArfn5RIiF75D5doorhEgqqPM%3D&openid.return_to=https%3A%2F%2Facme.com%2Fopenid%3Frefid%3Did-9PKVXZmRxAeDYcgLqPm36ClzOMA-&openid.response_nonce=2014-03-24T19%3A20%3A06Zid-YPa2kTNNFftZkgBb460jxJGblk2g--iNwPpDI7M1&openid.assoc_handle=id-6a5S6zhAKaRwQNUnjTKROREdAGSjWodG1el4xyz3&openid.ns.ax=http%3A%2F%2Fopenid.net%2Fsrv%2Fax%2F1.0&openid.ax.mode=fetch_response&openid.ax.type.attr0=http%3A%2F%2Fsession%2Fcount&openid.ax.value.attr0=1&openid.ax.type.attr1=http%3A%2F%2Fopenid.net%2Fschema%2FnamePerson%2Ffriendly&openid.ax.value.attr1=My+name+is+Bobby+Smith&openid.ax.type.attr2=http%3A%2F%2Fschemas.openid.net%2Fax%2Fapi%2Fuser_id&openid.ax.value.attr2=bob&openid.ax.type.attr3=http%3A%2F%2Faxschema.org%2Fcontact%2Femail&openid.ax.value.attr3=bob%40oracle.com&openid.ax.type.attr4=http%3A%2F%2Fsession%2Fipaddress&openid.ax.value.attr4=10.145.120.253&openid.ns.pape=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fextensions%2Fpape%2F1.0&openid.pape.auth_time=2014-03-24T19%3A20%3A05Z&openid.pape.auth_policies=LDAPScheme&openid.signed=op_endpoint%2Cclaimed_id%2Cidentity%2Creturn_to%2Cresponse_nonce%2Cassoc_handle%2Cns.ax%2Cax.mode%2Cax.type.attr0%2Cax.value.attr0%2Cax.type.attr1%2Cax.value.attr1%2Cax.type.attr2%2Cax.value.attr2%2Cax.type.attr3%2Cax.value.attr3%2Cax.type.attr4%2Cax.value.attr4%2Cns.pape%2Cpape.auth_time%2Cpape.auth_policies&openid.sig=mYMgbGYSs22l8e%2FDom9NRPw15u8%3D Mapping LDAPScheme To map the LDAP Scheme to the http://schemas.openid.net/pape/policies/2007/06/phishing-resistant and http://openid-policies/password-protected policies Federation Authentication Methods, I will execute the addSPPartnerAuthnMethod() method (the policies will be comma separated): Enter the WLST environment by executing:$IAM_ORACLE_HOME/common/bin/wlst.sh Connect to the WLS Admin server:connect() Navigate to the Domain Runtime branch:domainRuntime() Execute the addSPPartnerAuthnMethod() command:addSPPartnerAuthnMethod("AcmeRP", "http://schemas.openid.net/pape/policies/2007/06/phishing-resistant,http://openid-policies/password-protected", "LDAPScheme") Exit the WLST environment:exit() After authentication via FORM, OIF/IdP would now issue an Assertion similar to (see that the method was changed from LDAPScheme to the two policies): https://acme.com/openid?refid=id-9PKVXZmRxAeDYcgLqPm36ClzOMA-&openid.ns=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fauth%2F2.0&openid.mode=id_res&openid.op_endpoint=https%3A%2F%2Fidp.com%2Fopenid&openid.claimed_id=https%3A%2F%2Fidp.com%2Fopenid%3Fid%3Did-38iCmmlAVEXPsFjnFVKArfn5RIiF75D5doorhEgqqPM%3D&openid.identity=https%3A%2F%2Fidp.com%2Fopenid%3Fid%3Did-38iCmmlAVEXPsFjnFVKArfn5RIiF75D5doorhEgqqPM%3D&openid.return_to=https%3A%2F%2Facme.com%2Fopenid%3Frefid%3Did-9PKVXZmRxAeDYcgLqPm36ClzOMA-&openid.response_nonce=2014-03-24T19%3A20%3A06Zid-YPa2kTNNFftZkgBb460jxJGblk2g--iNwPpDI7M1&openid.assoc_handle=id-6a5S6zhAKaRwQNUnjTKROREdAGSjWodG1el4xyz3&openid.ns.ax=http%3A%2F%2Fopenid.net%2Fsrv%2Fax%2F1.0&openid.ax.mode=fetch_response&openid.ax.type.attr0=http%3A%2F%2Fsession%2Fcount&openid.ax.value.attr0=1&openid.ax.type.attr1=http%3A%2F%2Fopenid.net%2Fschema%2FnamePerson%2Ffriendly&openid.ax.value.attr1=My+name+is+Bobby+Smith&openid.ax.type.attr2=http%3A%2F%2Fschemas.openid.net%2Fax%2Fapi%2Fuser_id&openid.ax.value.attr2=bob&openid.ax.type.attr3=http%3A%2F%2Faxschema.org%2Fcontact%2Femail&openid.ax.value.attr3=bob%40oracle.com&openid.ax.type.attr4=http%3A%2F%2Fsession%2Fipaddress&openid.ax.value.attr4=10.145.120.253&openid.ns.pape=http%3A%2F%2Fspecs.openid.net%2Fextensions%2Fpape%2F1.0&openid.pape.auth_time=2014-03-24T19%3A20%3A05Z&openid.pape.auth_policies=http%3A%2F%2Fschemas.openid.net%2Fpape%2Fpolicies%2F2007%2F06%2Fphishing-resistant+http%3A%2F%2Fopenid-policies%2Fpassword-protected&openid.signed=op_endpoint%2Cclaimed_id%2Cidentity%2Creturn_to%2Cresponse_nonce%2Cassoc_handle%2Cns.ax%2Cax.mode%2Cax.type.attr0%2Cax.value.attr0%2Cax.type.attr1%2Cax.value.attr1%2Cax.type.attr2%2Cax.value.attr2%2Cax.type.attr3%2Cax.value.attr3%2Cax.type.attr4%2Cax.value.attr4%2Cns.pape%2Cpape.auth_time%2Cpape.auth_policies&openid.sig=mYMgbGYSs22l8e%2FDom9NRPw15u8%3D In the next article, I will cover how OIF/IdP can be configured so that an SP can request a specific Federation Authentication Method to challenge the user during Federation SSO.Cheers,Damien Carru

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Tile engine Texture not updating when numbers in array change

- by Corey

I draw my map from a txt file. I am using java with slick2d library. When I print the array the number changes in the array, but the texture doesn't change. public class Tiles { public Image[] tiles = new Image[5]; public int[][] map = new int[64][64]; public Image grass, dirt, fence, mound; private SpriteSheet tileSheet; public int tileWidth = 32; public int tileHeight = 32; public void init() throws IOException, SlickException { tileSheet = new SpriteSheet("assets/tiles.png", tileWidth, tileHeight); grass = tileSheet.getSprite(0, 0); dirt = tileSheet.getSprite(7, 7); fence = tileSheet.getSprite(2, 0); mound = tileSheet.getSprite(2, 6); tiles[0] = grass; tiles[1] = dirt; tiles[2] = fence; tiles[3] = mound; int x=0, y=0; BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("assets/map.dat")); String line; while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) { String[] values = line.split(","); x = 0; for (String str : values) { int str_int = Integer.parseInt(str); map[x][y]=str_int; //System.out.print(map[x][y] + " "); x++; } //System.out.println(""); y++; } in.close(); } public void update(GameContainer gc) { } public void render(GameContainer gc) { for(int y = 0; y < map.length; y++) { for(int x = 0; x < map[0].length; x ++) { int textureIndex = map[x][y]; Image texture = tiles[textureIndex]; texture.draw(x*tileWidth,y*tileHeight); } } } } Mouse Picking Where I change the number in the array Input input = gc.getInput(); gc.getInput().setOffset(cameraX-400, cameraY-300); float mouseX = input.getMouseX(); float mouseY = input.getMouseY(); double mousetileX = Math.floor((double)mouseX/tiles.tileWidth); double mousetileY = Math.floor((double)mouseY/tiles.tileHeight); double playertileX = Math.floor(playerX/tiles.tileWidth); double playertileY = Math.floor(playerY/tiles.tileHeight); double lengthX = Math.abs((float)playertileX - mousetileX); double lengthY = Math.abs((float)playertileY - mousetileY); double distance = Math.sqrt((lengthX*lengthX)+(lengthY*lengthY)); if(input.isMousePressed(Input.MOUSE_LEFT_BUTTON) && distance < 4) { System.out.println("Clicked"); if(tiles.map[(int)mousetileX][(int)mousetileY] == 1) { tiles.map[(int)mousetileX][(int)mousetileY] = 0; } } I never ask a question until I have tried to figure it out myself. I have been stuck with this problem for two weeks. It's not like this site is made for asking questions or anything. So if you actually try to help me instead of telling me to use a debugger thank you. You either get told you have too much or too little code. Nothing is never enough for the people on here it's as bad as something like reddit. Idk what is wrong all my textures work when I render them it just doesn't update when the number in the array changes. I am obviously debugging when I say that I was printing the array and the number is changing like it should, so it's not a problem with my mouse picking code. It is a problem with my textures, but I don't know what because they all render correctly. That is why I need help.

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How do I use setFilmSize in panda3d to achieve the correct view?

- by lhk

I'm working with Panda3d and recently switched my game to isometric rendering. I moved the virtual camera accordingly and set an orthographic lens. Then I implemented the classes "Map" and "Canvas". A canvas is a dynamically generated mesh: a flat quad. I'm using it to render the ingame graphics. Since the game itself is still set in a 3d coordinate system I'm planning to rely on these canvases to draw sprites. I could have named this class "Tile" but as I'd like to use it for non-tile sketches (enemies, environment) as well I thought canvas would describe it's function better. Map does exactly what it's name suggests. Its constructor receives the number of rows and columns and then creates a standard isometric map. It uses the canvas class for tiles. I'm planning to write a map importer that reads a file to create maps on the fly. Here's the canvas implementation: class Canvas: def __init__(self, texture, vertical=False, width=1,height=1): # create the mesh format=GeomVertexFormat.getV3t2() format = GeomVertexFormat.registerFormat(format) vdata=GeomVertexData("node-vertices", format, Geom.UHStatic) vertex = GeomVertexWriter(vdata, 'vertex') texcoord = GeomVertexWriter(vdata, 'texcoord') # add the vertices for a flat quad vertex.addData3f(1, 0, 0) texcoord.addData2f(1, 0) vertex.addData3f(1, 1, 0) texcoord.addData2f(1, 1) vertex.addData3f(0, 1, 0) texcoord.addData2f(0, 1) vertex.addData3f(0, 0, 0) texcoord.addData2f(0, 0) prim = GeomTriangles(Geom.UHStatic) prim.addVertices(0, 1, 2) prim.addVertices(2, 3, 0) self.geom = Geom(vdata) self.geom.addPrimitive(prim) self.node = GeomNode('node') self.node.addGeom(self.geom) # this is the handle for the canvas self.nodePath=NodePath(self.node) self.nodePath.setSx(width) self.nodePath.setSy(height) if vertical: self.nodePath.setP(90) # the most important part: "Drawing" the image self.texture=loader.loadTexture(""+texture+".png") self.nodePath.setTexture(self.texture) Now the code for the Map class class Map: def __init__(self,rows,columns,size): self.grid=[] for i in range(rows): self.grid.append([]) for j in range(columns): # create a canvas for the tile. For testing the texture is preset tile=Canvas(texture="../assets/textures/flat_concrete",width=size,height=size) x=(i-1)*size y=(j-1)*size # set the tile up for rendering tile.nodePath.reparentTo(render) tile.nodePath.setX(x) tile.nodePath.setY(y) # and store it for later access self.grid[i].append(tile) And finally the usage def loadMap(self): self.map=Map(10, 10, 1) this function is called within the constructor of the World class. The instantiation of world is the entry point to the execution. The code is pretty straightforward and runs good. Sadly the output is not as expected: Please note: The problem is not the white rectangle, it's my player object. The problem is that although the map should have equal width and height it's stretched weirdly. With orthographic rendering I expected the map to be a perfect square. What did I do wrong ? UPDATE: I've changed the viewport. This is how I set up the orthographic camera: lens = OrthographicLens() lens.setFilmSize(40, 20) base.cam.node().setLens(lens) You can change the "aspect" by modifying the parameters of setFilmSize. I don't know exactly how they are related to window size and screen resolution but after testing a little the values above seem to work for me. Now everything is rendered correctly as long as I don't resize the window. Every change of the window's size as well as switching to fullscreen destroys the correct rendering. I know that implementing a listener for resize events is not in the scope of this question. However I wonder why I need to make the Film's height two times bigger than its width. My window is quadratic ! Can you tell me how to find out correct setting for the FilmSize ? UPDATE 2: I can imagine that it's hard to envision the behaviour of the game. At first glance the obvious solution is to pass the window's width and height in pixels to setFilmSize. There are two problems with that approach. The parameters for setFilmSize are ingame units. You'll get a way to big view if you pass the pixel size For some strange reason the image is distorted if you pass equal values for width and height. Here's the output for setFilmSize(800,800) You'll have to stress your eyes but you'll see what I mean

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How can you Add Value to your Mobile Apps?

- by Carlos Chang

Author: Craig Mikus, Sr. Director, Enterprise Mobile Solutions Seems like every customer is either building or planning to build mobile apps, especially customer facing apps. Why? Inevitably, all companies want to improve the customer experience through more quality interactions that drive customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, new revenue streams, and even improve the way they service their customers. What better way than mobile apps? Right? But how can customers add more value to these mobile apps to drive more business benefit? Look closely, the answer just might be right in front of you. Still need another clue? What’s the first 4 letters of mobile – mo-bi? Or pronounced differently, More BI. That’s right – add more business intelligence to your overall mobile strategy. In today’s customer centric world where customer interactions and personalization are critical, it’s important to leverage a BI strategy that complements and feeds into your mobile strategy. For example, I was recently talking to a customer that was implementing a data warehouse project focused customer analytics. Their goal was to understand who are their best customers and why, develop customer profiles, identify customer trends & patterns, identify cross sell opportunities, and much more. The company then wanted to feed this information to marketing for targeted campaigns and programs. As we continued to talk, I asked my contact if they had plans to feed this information into their customer facing mobile apps to personalize the apps, target their interactions, and hopefully drive customer loyalty and new revenue streams? Two minutes later, my contact was calling his mobile development teams. So my advice to everyone, as you establish your enterprise mobile strategy and goals, remember that “mo-BI” is a critical component to add value to your mobile apps! So make sure you have “mo BI” in your mobile strategy. As I come to think of it, did you ever notice that Big Data also starts with BI?

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Unable to Sign in to the Microsoft Online Services Signin application from Windows 7 client located behind ISA firewall

- by Ravindra Pamidi

A while ago i helped a customer troubleshoot authentication problem with Microsoft Online Services Signin application. This customer was evaluating Microsoft BPOS (Business Productivity Online Services) and was having trouble using the single sign on application behind ISA 2004 firewall.The network structure is fairly simple with single Windows 2003 Active Directory domain and Windows 7 clients. On a successful logon to the Microsoft Online Services Signin application, this application provides single signon functionality to all of Microsoft online services in the BPOS package. Symptoms:When trying to signin it fails with error "The service is currently unavailable. Please try again later. If problems continue, contact your service administrator". If ISA 2004 firewall is removed from the picture the authentication succeeds.Troubleshooting: Enabled ISA Server firewall logging along with Microsoft Network Monitor tool on the Windows 7 Client while reproducing the issue. Analysis of the ISA Server Firewall logs and Microsoft Network capture revealed that the Microsoft Online Services Sign In application when sending request to ISA Server does not send the domain credentials and as a result ISA Server responds with an error code of HTTP 407 Proxy authentication required listing out the supported authentication mechanisms. The application in question is expected to send the credentials of the domain user in response to this request. However in this case, it fails to send the logged on user's domain credentials. Bit of researching on the Internet revealed that The "Microsoft Online Services Sign In" application by default does not support Outbound Internet Proxy authentication. In order for it to send the logged on user's domain credentials we had to make changes to its configuration file "SignIn.exe.config" located under "Program Files\Microsoft Online Services\Sign In" folder. Step by Step details to configure the configuration file are documented on Microsoft TechNet website given below. Configure your outbound authenticating proxy serverhttp://www.microsoft.com/online/help/en-us/helphowto/cc54100d-d149-45a9-8e96-f248ecb1b596.htm After the above problem was addressed we were still not able to use the "Microsoft Online Services Sign In" application and it failed with the same error. Analysis of another network capture revealed that the application in question is now sending the required credentials and the connection seems to terminate at a later stage. Enabled verbose logging for the "Microsoft Online Services Sign In" application and then reproduced the problem. Analysis of the logs revealed a time difference between the local client and Microsoft Online services server of around seven minutes which is above the acceptable time skew of five minutes. Excerpt from Microsoft Online Services Sign In application verbose log: 1/26/2012 1:57:51 PM Verbose SingleSignOn.GetSSOGenericInterface SSO Interface URL: https://signinservice.apac.microsoftonline.com/ssoservice/UID1/26/2012 1:57:52 PM Exception SSOSignIn.SignIn The security timestamp is invalid because its creation time ('2012-01-26T08:34:52.767Z') is in the future. Current time is '2012-01-26T08:27:52.987Z' and allowed clock skew is '00:05:00'.1/26/2012 1:57:52 PM Exception SSOSignIn.SignIn Although the Windows 7 Clients successfully synchronized time to the domain controller for the domain, the domain controller was not configured to synchronize time with external NTP servers. This caused a gradual drift in time on the network thus resulting in the above issue. Reconfigured the domain controller holding the PDC FSMO role to synchronize time with external time source ( time.nist.gov ) and edited the system policy on the ISA server firewall to allow NTP traffic to time.nist.gov Configure the time source for the forest:Windows Time Servicehttp://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc794937(WS.10).aspx Forced synchronization of Windows time using the command w32tm /resync on the domain controller and later on the clients each of which had corrected the seven minutes difference. This resolved the problem with logon to Microsoft Online Services Sign In.

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What is the value to checking in broken unit tests?

- by Adam W.

While there are ways of keeping unit tests from being executed, what is the value of checking in broken unit tests? I will use a simple example. Case sensitivity. The current code is Case Sensitive. A valid input into the method is "Cat" and it would return an enum of Animal.Cat. However, the desired functionality of the method should not be case sensitive. So if the method described was passed "cat" it could possibly return something like Animal.Null instead of Animal.Cat and the unit test would fail. Though a simple code change would make this work, a more complex issue may take weeks to fix, but identifying the bug with a unit test could be a less complex task. The application currently being analyzed has 4 years of code that "works". However, recent discussions regarding unit tests has found flaws in the code. Some just need explicit implementation documentation (ex. case sensitive or not), or code that does not execute the bug based on how it is currently called. But unit tests can be created executing specific scenarios that will cause the bug to be seen and are valid inputs. What is the value of checking in unit tests that exercise the bug until someone can get around to fixing the code? Should this unit test be flagged with ignore, priority, category etc, to determine whether a build was successful based on tests executed? Eventually the unit test should be created to execute the code once someone fixes it. On one hand it shows that identified bugs have not been fixed. On the other, there could be hundreds of failed unit tests showing up in the logs and weeding through the ones that should fail vs. failures due to a code check-in would be difficult to find.

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What is the value of checking in failing unit tests?

- by Adam W.

While there are ways of keeping unit tests from being executed, what is the value of checking in failing unit tests? I will use a simple example: Case Sensitivity. The current code is case sensitive. A valid input into the method is "Cat" and it would return an enum of Animal.Cat. However, the desired functionality of the method should not be case sensitive. So if the method described was passed "cat" it could possibly return something like Animal.Null instead of Animal.Cat and the unit test would fail. Though a simple code change would make this work, a more complex issue may take weeks to fix, but identifying the bug with a unit test could be a less complex task. The application currently being analyzed has 4 years of code that "works". However, recent discussions regarding unit tests have found flaws in the code. Some just need explicit implementation documentation (ex. case sensitive or not), or code that does not execute the bug based on how it is currently called. But unit tests can be created executing specific scenarios that will cause the bug to be seen and are valid inputs. What is the value of checking in unit tests that exercise the bug until someone can get around to fixing the code? Should this unit test be flagged with ignore, priority, category etc, to determine whether a build was successful based on tests executed? Eventually the unit test should be created to execute the code once someone fixes it. On one hand it shows that identified bugs have not been fixed. On the other, there could be hundreds of failed unit tests showing up in the logs and weeding through the ones that should fail vs. failures due to a code check-in would be difficult to find.

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C# Dev Challenge Part 1 of n – Beginner Edition

- by mbcrump

I developed this challenge to test one’s knowledge of C Sharp. I am planning on creating several challenges with different skill sets, so don’t get mad if this challenge doesn’t well challenge you... I noticed that most people like short quizzes so this one only contains 5 questions. All of the challenges are clear and concise of what I am asking you to do. No smoke and mirrors here, meaning that none of the code has syntax errors. The purpose of this exercise is to test several OOP concepts and see how much of the C# language you really know. Question #1 – Lets start off Easy… Will the following code snippet compile successfully? What does this question test? - Can this compile without a namespace? Do you have to have an entry point of “static void Main()”? class Test { static int Main() { System.Console.WriteLine("Developer Challenge"); return 0; } } Answer (select text in box below): Yes, it will compile successfully. Question #2 – What is the value of the Console.WriteLine statements? What does this question test? – Do I understand reference types/value types? If a variable is declared with the @ symbol and its not a reserved keyword does the application compile successfully? using System; internal struct MyStruct { public int Value; } internal class MyClass { public int Value; } class Test { static void Main() { MyStruct @struct1 = new MyStruct(); MyStruct @struct2 = @struct1; @struct2.Value = 100; MyClass @ref1 = new MyClass(); MyClass @ref2 = @ref1; @ref2.Value = 100; Console.WriteLine("Value Type: {0} {1}", @struct1.Value, @struct2.Value); Console.WriteLine("Reference Type: {0} {1}", @ref1.Value, @ref2.Value); } } Answer (select text in box below): Value Type: 0 100 Reference Type: 100 100 Question #3 – What is the value of the Console.WriteLine statements? What does this question test? – Can 2 objects reference the same point in memory? using System; class Test { static void Main() { string s1 = "Testing2"; string t1 = s1; Console.WriteLine(s1 == t1); Console.WriteLine((object)s1 == (object)t1); } } Answer (select text in box below): True True Question #4 – What is the value of the Console.WriteLine statements? What does this question test? – How does the “Stack” work – LIFO or FIFO? using System; using System.Collections; class Test { static void Main() { Stack a = new Stack(5); a.Push("1"); a.Push("2"); a.Push("3"); a.Push("4"); a.Push("5"); foreach (var o in a) { Console.WriteLine(o); } } } Answer (select text in box below): 5 4 3 2 1 Question #5 – What is the value of the Console.WriteLine statements? What does this question test? – Array and General Looping Knowledge. using System; namespace ConsoleApplication5 { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { int[] J_LIST = new int[5] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; int K = 10; int L = 5; foreach (var J in J_LIST) { K = K - J; L = K + 2 * J; Console.WriteLine("J = {0, 5} K = {1, 5} L = {2, 5}", J, K, L); } Console.ReadLine(); } } } Answer (select text in box below): J = 1 K = 9 L = 11 J = 2 K = 7 L = 11 J = 3 K = 4 L = 10 J = 4 K = 0 L = 8 J = 5 K = -5 L = 5 Stay Tuned for more challenges!

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What is the value of checking in failing unit tests?

- by user20194

While there are ways of keeping unit tests from being executed, what is the value of checking in failing unit tests? I will use a simple example: Case Sensitivity. The current code is case sensitive. A valid input into the method is "Cat" and it would return an enum of Animal.Cat. However, the desired functionality of the method should not be case sensitive. So if the method described was passed "cat" it could possibly return something like Animal.Null instead of Animal.Cat and the unit test would fail. Though a simple code change would make this work, a more complex issue may take weeks to fix, but identifying the bug with a unit test could be a less complex task. The application currently being analyzed has 4 years of code that "works". However, recent discussions regarding unit tests have found flaws in the code. Some just need explicit implementation documentation (ex. case sensitive or not), or code that does not execute the bug based on how it is currently called. But unit tests can be created executing specific scenarios that will cause the bug to be seen and are valid inputs. What is the value of checking in unit tests that exercise the bug until someone can get around to fixing the code? Should this unit test be flagged with ignore, priority, category etc, to determine whether a build was successful based on tests executed? Eventually the unit test should be created to execute the code once someone fixes it. On one hand it shows that identified bugs have not been fixed. On the other, there could be hundreds of failed unit tests showing up in the logs and weeding through the ones that should fail vs. failures due to a code check-in would be difficult to find.

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php script google maps points from mysql (google example)

- by user1637477

I have recently added style information to my maps script, and it stopped working. Have I done something wrong? Guess you can tell I'm very new to this. Any help appreciated. <!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><title>Google Maps AJAX + mySQL/PHP Example</title> <script src="http://maps.google.com/maps/api/js?sensor=false" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ ( *******************I INSERTED HERE ) var styles = [ { stylers: [ { hue: "#00ffe6" }, { saturation: -20 } ] },{ featureType: "road", elementType: "geometry", stylers: [ { lightness: 100 }, { visibility: "simplified" } ] },{ featureType: "road", elementType: "labels", stylers: [ { visibility: "off" } ] } ];**( ******************************** THROUGH TO HERE ) map.setOptions({styles: styles}); var customIcons = { restaurant: { icon: 'http://labs.google.com/ridefinder/images/mm_20_blue.png', shadow: 'http://labs.google.com/ridefinder/images/mm_20_shadow.png' }, bar: { icon: 'http://labs.google.com/ridefinder/images/mm_20_red.png', shadow: 'http://labs.google.com/ridefinder/images/mm_20_shadow.png' } }; function load() { var map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById("map"), { center: new google.maps.LatLng(-37.7735, 175.1418), zoom: 10, mapTypeId: 'roadmap' }); var infoWindow = new google.maps.InfoWindow; // Change this depending on the name of your PHP fileBHBHBHBHBHBHBHBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB downloadUrl("mywebsite-no i did this just a minute ago", function(data) { var xml = data.responseXML; var markers = xml.documentElement.getElementsByTagName("marker"); for (var i = 0; i < markers.length; i++) { var name = markers[i].getAttribute("name"); var address = markers[i].getAttribute("address"); var type = markers[i].getAttribute("type"); var point = new google.maps.LatLng( parseFloat(markers[i].getAttribute("lat")), parseFloat(markers[i].getAttribute("lng"))); var html = "<b>" + name + "</b> <br/>" + address; var icon = customIcons[type] || {}; var marker = new google.maps.Marker({ map: map, position: point, icon: icon.icon, shadow: icon.shadow }); bindInfoWindow(marker, map, infoWindow, html); } }); } function bindInfoWindow(marker, map, infoWindow, html) { google.maps.event.addListener(marker, 'click', function() { infoWindow.setContent(html); infoWindow.open(map, marker); }); } function downloadUrl(url, callback) { var request = window.ActiveXObject ? new ActiveXObject('Microsoft.XMLHTTP') : new XMLHttpRequest; request.onreadystatechange = function() { if (request.readyState == 4) { request.onreadystatechange = doNothing; callback(request, request.status); } }; request.open('GET', url, true); request.send(null); } function doNothing() {} //]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8" src="map500x1000_edgePreload.js"></script> <style> .edgeLoad-EDGE-12956064 { visibility:hidden; } </style>  </head> <body onload="load()"> <div id="map" style="width: 1000px; height: 1000px;" class="edgeLoad-EDGE-12956064"></div> </body></html>

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Is it better to return NULL or empty values from functions/methods where the return value is not present?

- by P B

I am looking for a recommendation here. I am struggling with whether it is better to return NULL or an empty value from a method when the return value is not present or cannot be determined. Take the following two methods as an examples: string ReverseString(string stringToReverse) // takes a string and reverses it. Person FindPerson(int personID) // finds a Person with a matching personID. In ReverseString(), I would say return an empty string because the return type is string, so the caller is expecting that. Also, this way, the caller would not have to check to see if a NULL was returned. In FindPerson(), returning NULL seems like a better fit. Regardless of whether or not NULL or an empty Person Object (new Person()) is returned the caller is going to have to check to see if the Person Object is NULL or empty before doing anything to it (like calling UpdateName()). So why not just return NULL here and then the caller only has to check for NULL. Does anyone else struggle with this? Any help or insight is appreciated.

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