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  • Why does CPU processing time matter when compared to real wall clock time?

    - by PeanutsMonkey
    I am running the command time 7zr a -mx=9 sample.7z sample.log to gauge how long it takes to compress a file larger than 1GB. The results I get are as follows. real 10m40.156s user 17m38.862s sys 0m5.944s I have a basic understanding of the difference but don't understand how this plays a role in the time in takes to compress the file. For example should I be looking at real or user + sys?

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  • Encrypting all outgoing email

    - by AliGibbs
    I have a client requirement to encrypt all outgoing email from a linux server. This can be done using any software, sendmail/postfix etc. They have given me the key they want to use, and want all forms (using php) to be encrpyted. Can I set sendmail/etc to encrypt all emails? This could be done with the same key for all mail. Thanks

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  • Why do "ls" in UNIX and "dir" in DOS have different names?

    - by bizso09
    Why do they have different names for the same command, listing a directory? Surely, they could have talked to each other and agreed on one common name, such as for example cd which is the same for both unix and dos. This decision to have different names has created many headaches for developers and users and also increased incompatibility between the two systems. Did they do it on purpose? Then how come "cd" is the same?

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  • What Are Some Good Open Source Alternatives to Active Directory?

    - by Laz
    I'm looking for a good open-source alternative to active directory that can handle: Authorization/Authentication Group Policy Replication and Trust Monitoring In addition, are there any consolidated systems out there that handle these responsibilities? Edit: Since a lot have asked for more details, I am trying to offer a service setting up an infrastructure for organizations, hardware/software setups, right now I am looking at a Linux stack, both desktops and servers, however a hybrid stack is possible, and I am investigating alternatives.

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  • Operative systems on SD cards

    - by HisDudeness
    I was getting some wild ideas the last days, like putting some operative systems into SD cards rather than on my hard drive. I'll go further into details now and explain what lead me to consider this probably abominable decision. I am on a laptop (that means I have a native SD-card reader) which is currently running a cross-distro setup, with a bunch of Linux systems (placed in dedicated ext4 logical partitions into a huge extended one) regulated by an unique GRUB. Since today, my laptop haven't even seen any Windows system with binoculars. I was thinking about placing all the os part of my setup into a Secure Digital to save all my 500 Gb Hard Drive for documents, music, videos and so on, and being able to just remove the SD and boot my system into another computer too, as well as having the possibility of booting other systems into mine by just plugging in another SD, without having to keep it constantly placed in my PC. Also, in the remote case in the near future I just wanted to boot Windows 8 in it, I read it causes major boot incompatibility issues with other systems by needing a digital signature in order for them to start. By having it in a removable drive, I could just get rid of it when I'm needing him and switch its card with Linux one, and so not having any obstacles to their boot. Now, my questions are: I know unlikely traditional rotating disk drives, integrated circuits ones have a limited lifespan in terms of cluster rewriting. Is it an obstacle to that kind of usage? I mean, some Ultrabooks are using SSD now, is it the same issue, or there are some differences between Solid State Drives and Secure Digitals in that sense? Maybe having them to store system files which are in fixed positions (making the even-usage of cluster technology useless) constantly being re-read and updated and similar things just gets them soon unserviceable, do it? Second question: are all motherboards and BIOSes able to boot from SDs just like they are from USB pen drives (I mean, provided card reader is USB-connected, isn't it)? Or can't bootloaders like GRUB be installed on SDs working? If they can't, is it a solution installing GRUB to MBR and making boot option pointing to SD? Will it work? Are there any other problems to installing OSs on a Secure Digital?

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  • Anyone know how to get dual screens working on a Dell E6410 laptop with Ubuntu 10.04 64 bit?

    - by Curtis
    I've installed the drivers from nVidia. When I go into the NVIDIA X Server Settings application, in the X Server Display Configuration setcion, and click the "Configure" button, "TwinView" is disabled. Also, clicking "Detect Displays" doesn't pick up my monitor (which is connected through a port replicator - keyboard and mouse in that port replicator work fine). Has anyone else seen this? Is this just a limitation of the current nvidia linux drivers?

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  • Kernel Log "TCP: Treason uncloaked!"

    - by hurikhan77
    On one linux server (Gentoo hardened), we are experiencing bursts of the following messages in dmesg from time to time: TCP: Treason uncloaked! Peer xx.xx.xxx.xxx:65039/80 shrinks window 4094157295:4094160199. Repaired. Is there anything we should take care of or is this normal? Update: Maybe related, we are using net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control = cubic. Kernel version is 2.6.28 with Gentoo hardening patches.

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  • how do you monitor your lamp server?

    - by ajsie
    i wonder how one can monitor a lamp server (ubuntu) on production. are there any standard tools for this to watch the server performance/load in realtime via the browser? how mysql, linux, apache etc are doing... what is best practice regarding this? any tutorials would be great. thanks!

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  • Latency in TCP/IP-over-Ethernet networks

    - by aix
    What resources (books, Web pages etc) exist out there that: explain the causes of latency in TCP/IP-over-Ethernet networks; mention tools for looking out for things that cause latency (e.g. certain entries in netstat -s); suggest ways to tweak the Linux TCP stack to reduce TCP latency (Nagle, socket buffers etc). The closest I am aware of is this document, but it's rather brief. Alternatively, you're welcome to answer the above questions directly.

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  • Disable dhcp client over one interface

    - by Lopoc
    Hi to all I'm encountering a problem on a sever with two ethernet interfaces(etho and eth1), it runs linux-ubuntu-server. I need eth1 not make any dhcp request, becouse I need it to be only a listening interface, obviusly I need eth0 running normally. So how can i disable any dhcpclient ation over eth1? thank in advance.

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  • Cannot move folder to a subdirectoy of itself - What's going on?

    - by calumbrodie
    O.K I am trying to do the following very simple command and it is failing as follows... mv '/home/admin/Downloads/folder1' '/home/admin/MyLibrary/MyVideos/TV/folder1/' mv: cannot move `/home/admin/Downloads/folder1' to a subdirectory of itself, `/home/admin/MyLibrary/MyVideos/TV/folder1/' The destination is NOT a subfolder of the source - why is it giving me this error?? Linux version is a custom version of Red Hat on a NAS box. Thanks

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  • Descending list ordered by file modification time

    - by LanceBaynes
    How can I generate a list of files in a directory [for example, "/mnt/hdd/PUB/"] ordered by the files modification time? [in descending order, the oldest modified file is at the lists end] ls -A -lRt would be great: https://pastebin.com/raw.php?i=AzuSVmrJ But if a file is changed in a directory, it lists the full directory, so the pastebined link isn't good [I don't want a list ordered by "directories", I need a "per file" ordered list] OS: OpenWrt [no Perl - not enough space for it :( + no "stat", or "file" command].

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  • How to fix grub after moving root partition?

    - by Grzenio
    Hi, Because I am using one of the new WD disks I am trying to aling my root partition with the real sectors, as described here: http://community.wdc.com/t5/Desktop/Problem-with-WD-Advanced-Format-drive-in-LINUX-WD15EARS/m-p/10920#M631 So I copied all files to a temp location, deleted my partition (/dev/sda3), recreated it a few cylinders later (same name) and copied the files to the newly created partition. But now when I try to boot, I get my old grub menu but after selecting my kernel version it hangs... Any idea how I can fix it?

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  • using tcpdump to display XML API requests without headers or ack packets

    - by Carmageddon
    I need assistance, I am trying to use tcpdump in order to capture API requests and responses between two servers, so far I have the following command: tcpdump -iany -tpnAXs0 host xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx and port 6666 My problem is, that the output is still hard to read, because it sends the Headers, and the ack packets. I would like to remove those and only see the XML bodies. I tried to use grep -v, but apparently this is all one request, so it filters the entire thing... Thanks!

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  • Amazon EC2 tools for Debian?

    - by Jonik
    What is the recommended way of getting command-line Amazon EC2 tools on Debian? So, basically the same as this question, but for EC2 instead of S3. Ubuntu has ec2-ami-tools and ec2-api-tools, but I couldn't find equivalent packages for Debian. A blog post titled "Install EC2 AMI & API tools in Debian" talks about installing Amazon's packages outside package management, but that seems a little clumsy.

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  • Faking the date for a specific shell session

    - by Julien Nicoulaud
    I'm certainly trying to achieve something weird here, but I want to fake the date locally for a shell session on GNU/Linux. I need to black-box test how a program behaves at different dates, and modifying the system-wide date can have unwanted side effects (cron jobs, messed up logs, etc). Any ideas ?

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  • How to Setup Ubuntu Mail Server with Google Apps?

    - by Apreche
    I have a domain, let's call it foobar.com. All of the MX records for foobar.com point to Google's mail servers because I am using Google Apps for your domain to manage it. It's great because everyone gets all the advantages of GMail, but our e-mail addresses aren't @gmail.com. I also have a server. Primarily, it's a web server, but it also serves other things. One of the things it serves is the web site for foobar.com and also sites for various virtual hosts such as shop.foobar.com and forum.foobar.com. The server is running Ubuntu 8.04, because I like using LTS releases in production. The thing is, there are various applications running on the server that need the ability to send out emails. Various applications, like the cron jobs, send me e-mails in case of errors. Some of the web applications need to send e-mail to users when they forget their passwords, to confirm new registered users, etc. Lastly, it's nice to be able to send e-mail from the command line using the mail command, or mutt. How can I setup the mail on the web server to go through the Google apps mail servers? I don't need the web server to receive mail, though that would be cool. I do need it to be able to send mail as any legitimate address @foobar.com. That way the forum application can send mails with [email protected] in the from field, and the ecommerce application will have [email protected] in the from field. Also, by sending the mail through the Google servers, we can avoid a lot of the problems with the e-mails being blocked by various spam filters on the web. Google's SMTP servers are trusted a lot more than mine would be. I'm pretty good with administering Linux systems, but I am absolutely brain dead when it comes to e-mail. I need step by step directions from beginning to end on how to set this up. I need to know every thing to install, and every single change to the configuration files that is necessary. I have tried following various howtos and guides in the past, but none of them were quite right. Either they didn't work at all, or they offered a configuration that is not what I wanted. Please help. Thanks.

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  • How print multiple independent pages in one print job?

    - by C.W.Holeman II
    How can I combine multiple single page prints into a single print job? For example, using Firefox on Linux one can print a web page such that each sheet of paper has four pages printed upon it. I would like to combine several separate web pages so that for example, web-page-a, web-page-b and web-page-c (each less than one print page long) are printed on a single sheet of paper. I would like to do this without having to use some for of image editor to combine them.

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