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• TDD: Write a separate test for object initialization or relying on other tests exercising it

  - by DXM

  This seems to be the common pattern that's emerging in some of the tests I've worked on lately. We have a class, and quite often this is legacy code whose design can't be easily altered, which has a bunch of member variables. There's some kind of "Initialize" or "Load" function which would put an object into a valid state. Only after it is initialized/loaded, are the members in the proper state so that other methods can be exercised. So when we start writing tests, first test is "TestLoad" and all we put in there is exercising initialization logic. Then we might add one (or few) TestLoadFailureXXX tests and those are definitely valuable. Then we start writing tests to verify other behaviors but all of them require the object to be loaded. So they all start by running exactly the same code as "TestLoad". So my question: Is TestLoad even necessary? Do you take it and let other tests simply exercise the loading? Or leave it so things are more explicit? I know that each unit test function should have no (or as little as possible) overlap with other test functions, but it seems like in cases of loading, this is unavoidable. And whether we like it or not, if something in the loading code breaks, we will end up with a whole test suite of failures. Is there another approach that I might be missing here? Thank you for the responses. It definitely makes sense that you want to see "InitializationTest" and if that fails you know where to start looking. In case it matters, this question is mostly about C++ and we use CppUnit framework. And now, thanks to sleske, I'll be constantly wishing that CppUnit supported test dependencies. Might have to hack something in one of these days :)

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• Does the method of adjustment matter, or just the final calibration?

  - by Steve

  A company produces software (and hardware) that is used to both perform automatic adjustments on electronic test equipment as well as perform calibrations of the same equipment. The results of the calibrations are put onto a certificate of calibration that is sent to the customer along with the equipment. This calibration certificate states various conditions of the calibration, such as what hardware (models/serial numbers) and software (version) was used to perform the calibration, as well as things like environmental conditions, etc. Making the assumption that the software used to produce the data (and listed on the calibration certificate) used on the certificate of calibration must have gone through a "test/release" process and must be considered "released" software - does this also mean that the software used for adjustment must also be released? I believe that the method (software/environmental conditions/etc) used or present during adjustment doesn't matter, all that really matters is the end result of the calibration, the conditions present during the calibration, and whether or not the equipment was within the specifications. The real question I'm hoping to get answered: Is there a reputable source (e.g. NIST or somewhere similar) that addresses this question? (I have searched...) The thinking is that during high volume production runs, the "unreleased" system can be used to perform adjustments, as long as a released system is used to perform the calibrations, since the time required to perform the adjustments is much longer than the calibration. This unreleased system will eventually become released for use, but currently is not. Also, please not that there is a distinction between "adjustment" and "calibration". The definition from BIPM International vocabulary of metrology, 2.39: Operation that, under specified conditions, in a first step, establishes a relation between the quantity values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties (of the calibrated instrument or secondary standard) and, in a second step, uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication. Followed by NOTE 2 (emphasis in original text): Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called "self-calibration", nor with verification of calibration As a side note, I'm not sure why this got down voted. It's regarding software and it's use before and after release for use. I believe there is a best practice that can be applied and this is (hopefully) not primarily opinion based.

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• Optimizing a thread safe Java NIO / Serialization / FIFO Queue [migrated]

  - by trialcodr

  I've written a thread safe, persistent FIFO for Serializable items. The reason for reinventing the wheel is that we simply can't afford any third party dependencies in this project and want to keep this really simple. The problem is it isn't fast enough. Most of it is undoubtedly due to reading and writing directly to disk but I think we should be able to squeeze a bit more out of it anyway. Any ideas on how to improve the performance of the 'take'- and 'add'-methods? /** * <code>DiskQueue</code> Persistent, thread safe FIFO queue for * <code>Serializable</code> items. */ public class DiskQueue<ItemT extends Serializable> { public static final int EMPTY_OFFS = -1; public static final int LONG_SIZE = 8; public static final int HEADER_SIZE = LONG_SIZE * 2; private InputStream inputStream; private OutputStream outputStream; private RandomAccessFile file; private FileChannel channel; private long offs = EMPTY_OFFS; private long size = 0; public DiskQueue(String filename) { try { boolean fileExists = new File(filename).exists(); file = new RandomAccessFile(filename, "rwd"); if (fileExists) { size = file.readLong(); offs = file.readLong(); } else { file.writeLong(size); file.writeLong(offs); } } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } catch (IOException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } channel = file.getChannel(); inputStream = Channels.newInputStream(channel); outputStream = Channels.newOutputStream(channel); } /** * Add item to end of queue. */ public void add(ItemT item) { try { synchronized (this) { channel.position(channel.size()); ObjectOutputStream s = new ObjectOutputStream(outputStream); s.writeObject(item); s.flush(); size++; file.seek(0); file.writeLong(size); if (offs == EMPTY_OFFS) { offs = HEADER_SIZE; file.writeLong(offs); } notify(); } } catch (IOException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } /** * Clears overhead by moving the remaining items up and shortening the file. */ public synchronized void defrag() { if (offs > HEADER_SIZE && size > 0) { try { long totalBytes = channel.size() - offs; ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect((int) totalBytes); channel.position(offs); for (int bytes = 0; bytes < totalBytes;) { int res = channel.read(buffer); if (res == -1) { throw new IOException("Failed to read data into buffer"); } bytes += res; } channel.position(HEADER_SIZE); buffer.flip(); for (int bytes = 0; bytes < totalBytes;) { int res = channel.write(buffer); if (res == -1) { throw new IOException("Failed to write buffer to file"); } bytes += res; } offs = HEADER_SIZE; file.seek(LONG_SIZE); file.writeLong(offs); file.setLength(HEADER_SIZE + totalBytes); } catch (IOException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } } /** * Returns the queue overhead in bytes. */ public synchronized long overhead() { return (offs == EMPTY_OFFS) ? 0 : offs - HEADER_SIZE; } /** * Returns the first item in the queue, blocks if queue is empty. */ public ItemT peek() throws InterruptedException { block(); synchronized (this) { if (offs != EMPTY_OFFS) { return readItem(); } } return peek(); } /** * Returns the number of remaining items in queue. */ public synchronized long size() { return size; } /** * Removes and returns the first item in the queue, blocks if queue is empty. */ public ItemT take() throws InterruptedException { block(); try { synchronized (this) { if (offs != EMPTY_OFFS) { ItemT result = readItem(); size--; offs = channel.position(); file.seek(0); if (offs == channel.size()) { truncate(); } file.writeLong(size); file.writeLong(offs); return result; } } return take(); } catch (IOException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } /** * Throw away all items and reset the file. */ public synchronized void truncate() { try { offs = EMPTY_OFFS; file.setLength(HEADER_SIZE); size = 0; } catch (IOException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } /** * Block until an item is available. */ protected void block() throws InterruptedException { while (offs == EMPTY_OFFS) { try { synchronized (this) { wait(); file.seek(LONG_SIZE); offs = file.readLong(); } } catch (IOException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } } /** * Read and return item. */ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") protected ItemT readItem() { try { channel.position(offs); return (ItemT) new ObjectInputStream(inputStream).readObject(); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } catch (IOException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } } }

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• Benefits of using the same language for client and server?

  - by Makita

  I'm looking at architecture solutions for a mobile project that will have a web-service/app in addition to native apps. I've been looking at various libraries, frameworks, and stacks like jqm, backbone, parse, and meteor. Meteor, sort of an "open stack package framework", is tightly bound with node.js. There is a lot of talk about the benefits of using the same language both client and server side, and I'm not getting it. I could understand if you want to mirror the entire state of a web application on both client and server but struggling to find other wins... Workflow efficiency? I'm trying to understand why client/server language parity is considered to be a holy grail, any explicit examples or links would be greatly appreciated, thanks!

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• Right tool for the job(html5 vs silverlight)

  - by Jargo

  I have been tasked to develop a web based offer request application for bathrooms and I am asking opinions on which tool should I choose. I have narrowed options down to two (html5 and silverlight). Most of the application consists of basic UI elements that could be achieved with html4. However most challenging part is the design view for the bathroom. User first defines size of the bathroom by giving dimensions. When the dimensions are defined the application renders an empty bathroom floorplan and user can start dragging&dropping furniture on to it. Some furniture have rules where they can be dragged. For example sinks can only be dragged next to a wall. I know that this functionality can be achieved with silverlight but what about html5 ? I know that Canvas element can be used to draw graphics, but can it render the bathroom smoothly as user drags a piece furniture on it?

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• Is it conceivable to have millions of lists of data in memory in Python?

  - by Codemonkey

  I have over the last 30 days been developing a Python application that utilizes a MySQL database of information (specifically about Norwegian addresses) to perform address validation and correction. The database contains approximately 2.1 million rows (43 columns) of data and occupies 640MB of disk space. I'm thinking about speed optimizations, and I've got to assume that when validating 10,000+ addresses, each validation running up to 20 queries to the database, networking is a speed bottleneck. I haven't done any measuring or timing yet, and I'm sure there are simpler ways of speed optimizing the application at the moment, but I just want to get the experts' opinions on how realistic it is to load this amount of data into a row-of-rows structure in Python. Also, would it even be any faster? Surely MySQL is optimized for looking up records among vast amounts of data, so how much help would it even be to remove the networking step? Can you imagine any other viable methods of removing the networking step? The location of the MySQL server will vary, as the application might well be run from a laptop at home or at the office, where the server would be local.

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• Where is the object browser in VS 2010

  - by Keltari

  I am teaching myself C# and Im using a book that references Visual Studio 2008. However, I am using VS 2010. The book wants me to look at the object browser by choosing View, Other Windows, Object Browser from the menu. However, the object browser is not there. I moused over the icons on the menu and nothing stood out. So, where is it? Also, am I going to run into more problems like this? Is it worth getting an updated book?

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• How do PGP and PEM differ?

  - by Dummy Derp

  Email messages are sent in plain text which means that the messages I send to Derpina are visible to anyone who somehow gets access to them while they are in transit. To overcome this, various encryption mechanisms were developed. PEM and PGP are two of them. PEM - canonically converts-adds digital signature-encrypts and sends PGP does exactly the same. So where do they differ? Or is it that PGP (being a program) is used to generate a PEM message?

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• What's the best platform for blogging about coding? [closed]

  - by timday

  I'm toying with starting an occasional blog for posting odd bits of coding related stuff (mainly C++, probably). Are there any platforms which can be recommended as providing exceptionally good support (e.g syntax highlighting) for posting snippets of code ? (Or any to avoid because posting mono-spaced font blocks of text is a pain). Outcome: I accepted Josh K's answer because what I actually ended up doing was realizing I was more interested in articles than a blog style, getting back into LaTeX (after almost 20 years away from it), using the "listings" package for code, and pushing the HTML/PDF results to my ISP's static-hosting pages. (HTML generated using tex4ht). Kudos to the answers mentioning Wordpress, Tumblr and Jekyll; I spent some time looking into all of them.

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• Is loose coupling w/o use cases an anti-pattern?

  - by dsimcha

  Loose coupling is, to some developers, the holy grail of well-engineered software. It's certainly a good thing when it makes code more flexible in the face of changes that are likely to occur in the foreseeable future, or avoids code duplication. On the other hand, efforts to loosely couple components increase the amount of indirection in a program, thus increasing its complexity, often making it more difficult to understand and often making it less efficient. Do you consider a focus on loose coupling without any use cases for the loose coupling (such as avoiding code duplication or planning for changes that are likely to occur in the foreseeable future) to be an anti-pattern? Can loose coupling fall under the umbrella of YAGNI?

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• What advantages does developing applications for smartphones have over developing the same application as a web application?

  - by Alfredo O

  Let's take the Facebook application as an example. Why did they develop an application when the users could just access to their page and do the same? For me that represents more maintenance and more cost because for each feature added to the web application that feature will have to be added to the smartphone application as well. So why would I want to develop more than once (for each patform iOS, Android, etc) when I could just have one web application? What benefits do I get? The only one that comes to my mind is GPS feature. EDIT: My question is more oriented towards business applications that are going to be used only by some members of the company, it's not about selling the application (private use). So contrary to what some answers say about that by developing as a smartphone application it will benefit from more sells because of the "smartphone stores" for me this point is not important because the application is for private use. By developing the application as a web application it means that it can be accessed through smartphone browser and also in a PC (any capable browser), but developing as a native application would limit this to only some kind of smartphone so we would be limiting the use. On the other hand developing it as a web application means that in order to access the application an Internet connection must be available. So keeping this in mind how would you convince your boss to write the application for a given smartphone platform (iOS/Android) vs developing it as a web application?

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• Is the difference between BDD and TDD nothing more than a vocabulary shift?

  - by Desolate Planet

  Hello, I recently made a start on learning BDD (Behaviour Driven Development) after watching a Google tech talk presented by David Astels. He made a very interesting case for using BDD and some of the literature I've read seem to highlight that it's easier to sell BDD to management. Admittedly, I'm a little skeptical about BDD after watching the above video. So, I'm interested to understand if BDD is indeed nothing more than a change in vocabulary or if it offers other benefits.

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• Stuff you learned in school, that you have never used again?

  - by Mercfh

  Obviously we learn plenty of things in our University/College/Whatever that probably don't apply to everyday use, but is there anything that stands out particularly? Maybe something that was concentrated ALOT on? For me it was def. 2 things: OO Concepts and Pointers I still use OO, but not nearly to the amount people made it out to be, i can see where it'd be useful but in my line of work we don't have huge amounts of classes, maybe a couple at most. And there certainly isn't much OO reuse (i finally figured out what that means lol) Pointers are another thing, again I can see where they'd be useful...however I barely barely ever touch them, nor do the others I work with. I guess language choice has alot to do with that but still. What about you guys? edit: For those who are asking I work for a Large Printer company, and most of the Applications we work on are Java+XML and Actionscript for "Printer Apps". But we are moving towards other languages (think like webkits and stuff). So the Code amounts per parts are quite small. I never say OO wasn't useful I just said I personally havent seen it used in my workplace much.

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• brackets in php templates

  - by Othman

  I have a script, and now it's the perfect time to have an option to change theme templates. I was looking forward to store these files in php files, or html files. with CSS file. I looked over some codes and I found that they use brackets to refer to the variable. Here's an example of a template block: <div class='block_div'> <center>{title}</center> {content} </div> I know that I can use PHP vars usering <?=$var;?>. However, I think the one above is better, and I looked over the web to find anything about it but I couldn't. My Question is how I can use these brackets in my php or html code. to let the user changing the template only not the code!

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• How do I balance program CPU reverse compatibility whist still being able to use cutting edge features?

  - by TheLQ

  As I learn more about C and C++ I'm starting to wonder: How can a compiler use newer features of processors without limiting it just to people with, for example, Intel Core i7's? Think about it: new processors come out every year with lots of new technologies. However you can't just only target them since a significant portion of the market will not upgrade to the latest and greatest processors for a long time. I'm more or less wondering how this is handled in general by C and C++ devs and compilers. Do compilers make code similar to if SSE is supported, do this using it, else do that using the slower way or do developers have to implement their algorithm twice, or what? More or less how do you release software that takes advantage of newer processor technologies while still keeping a low common denominator?

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• Optimal communication pattern to update subscribers

  - by hpc

  What is the optimal way to update the subscriber's local model on changes C on a central model M? ( M + C - M_c) The update can be done by the following methods: Publish the updated model M_c to all subscribers. Drawback: if the model is big in contrast to the change it results in much more data to be communicated. Publish change C to all subscribes. The subscribers will then update their local model in the same way as the server does. Drawback: The client needs to know the business logic to update the model in the same way as the server. It must be assured that the subscribed model stays equal to the central model. Calculate the delta (or patch) of the change (M_c - M = D_c) and transfer the delta. Drawback: This requires that calculating and applying the delta (M + D_c = M_c) is an cheap/easy operation. If a client newly subscribes it must be initialized. This involves sending the current model M. So method 1 is always required. Think of playing chess as a concrete example: Subscribers send moves and want to see the latest chess board state. The server checks validity of the move and applies it to the chess board. The server can then send the updated chessboard (method 1) or just send the move (method 2) or send the delta (method 3): remove piece on field D4, put tower on field D8.

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• Why are most websites optimized for viewing in portrait mode?

  - by NVM

  I simply cannot figure this out. Almost all monitors have an aspect ratio where width is much bigger than the height and yet almost all websites are designed exactly for the other way round? I am not really a web developer and am just experimenting stuff at the moment but this madness baffles me!!! Edit: The point is not that I would like to limit the height of a website. The point is that I'd wat it to somehow fill all available space when I have my 1920x1080 in landscape mode. Edit 2: See this to understand what I am saying

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• How will we be able to produce websites without using cookies with the new law? [closed]

  - by Theresa Forster

  Possible Duplicate: How do I comply with the EU Cookie Directive? Under this new EU law we are not allowed to use any cookies without asking first, I for one need to use a cookie to register the user logged on, as if not with a cookie they can log on more than once and breach the license terms of the software. so i find myself asking what can we use instead of cookies to perform this task?

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• what is itunes result sorted by ?

  - by NemesisII

  This is my App on Itunes: http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/buddy-calculator/id445261163?mt=8 My app Key word is : "calculator scientific calc equation math mathematics unit converter conversion statistic algebra" But when I search "Calculator" on Itunes, my app is not appeared (in first two pages). So I want to ask a question that how to improve the rank of my app , and what is the searched result sorted by (new first, vote or downloaded or ...) ? If I want to improve the rank, how can I do, does it cost fee or something ? Thanks you very much ^^ !

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• Are unit tests really used as documentation?

  - by stijn

  I cannot count the number of times I read statements in the vein of 'unit tests are a very important source of documentation of the code under test'. I do not deny they are true. But personally I haven't found myself using them as documentation, ever. For the typical frameworks I use, the method declarations document their behaviour and that's all I need. And I assume the unit tests backup everything stated in that documentation, plus likely some more internal stuff, so on one side it duplicates the ducumentation while on the other it might add some more that is irrelevant. So the question is: when are unit tests used as documentation? When the comments do not cover everything? By developpers extending the source? And what do they expose that can be useful and relevant that the documentation itself cannot expose?

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• Switching from abstract class to interface

  - by nischayn22

  I have an abstract class which has all abstract methods except one which constructs objects of the subclasses. Now my mentor asked me to move this abstract class to an interface. Having an interface is no problem except with the method used to construct subclass objects. Where should this method go now? Also, I read somewhere that interfaces are more efficient than abstract classes. Is this true? Here's an example of my classes abstract class Animal { //many abstract methods getAnimalobject(some parameter) { return //appropriate subclass } } class Dog extends Animal {} class Elephant extends Animal {}

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• Is this a ridiculous way to structure a DB schema, or am I completely missing something?

  - by Jim

  I have done a fair bit of work with relational databases, and think I understand the basic concepts of good schema design pretty well. I recently was tasked with taking over a project where the DB was designed by a highly-paid consultant. Please let me know if my gut intinct - "WTF??!?" - is warranted, or is this guy such a genius that he's operating out of my realm? DB in question is an in-house app used to enter requests from employees. Just looking at a small section of it, you have information on the users, and information on the request being made. I would design this like so: User table: UserID (primary Key, indexed, no dupes) FirstName LastName Department Request table RequestID (primary Key, indexed, no dupes) <...> various data fields containing request details UserID -- foreign key associated with User table Simple, right? Consultant designed it like this (with sample data): UsersTable UserID FirstName LastName 234 John Doe 516 Jane Doe 123 Foo Bar DepartmentsTable DepartmentID Name 1 Sales 2 HR 3 IT UserDepartmentTable UserDepartmentID UserID Department 1 234 2 2 516 2 3 123 1 RequestTable RequestID UserID <...> 1 516 blah 2 516 blah 3 234 blah The entire database is constructed like this, with every piece of data encapsulated in its own table, with numeric IDs linking everything together. Apparently the consultant had read about OLAP and wanted the 'speed of integer lookups' He also has a large number of stored procedures to cross reference all of these tables. Is this valid design for a small to mid-sized SQL DB? Thanks for comments/answers...

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• Why does working processors harder use more electrical power?

  - by GazTheDestroyer

  Back in the mists of time when I started coding, at least as far as I'm aware, processors all used a fixed amount of power. There was no such thing as a processor being "idle". These days there are all sorts of technologies for reducing power usage when the processor is not very busy, mostly by dynamically reducing the clock rate. My question is why does running at a lower clock rate use less power? My mental picture of a processor is of a reference voltage (say 5V) representing a binary 1, and 0V representing 0. Therefore I tend to think of of a constant 5V being applied across the entire chip, with the various logic gates disconnecting this voltage when "off", meaning a constant amount of power is being used. The rate at which these gates are turned on and off seems to have no relation to the power used. I have no doubt this is a hopelessly naive picture, but I am no electrical engineer. Can someone explain what's really going on with frequency scaling, and how it saves power. Are there any other ways that a processor uses more or less power depending on state? eg Does it use more power if more gates are open? How are mobile / low power processors different from their desktop cousins? Are they just simpler (less transistors?), or is there some other fundamental design difference?

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• Am I getting Scheme wrong?

  - by nischayn22

  Inspired by the numerous posts about the importance of learning Lisp/Scheme I started to learn Scheme two days back, I am using the book "The little Schemer" and have completed half of it. But I still haven't learned anything new, the book teaches about recursion which I already understand and uses lambda (which I can think of a way to define a function in C). I still haven't got the concept of functional programming (please point to some example of functional compared to normal programming methods in C/C++ so I can get it). Am I learning in the wrong way? or is "The little Schemer" for a newbie in programming and I should look for some other books?

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• What is the situation about OpenGL under Ubuntu Unity and Gnome3?

  - by user827992

  In a GNU/linux distribution is usually installed Xorg as main graphical server, it operates with a client-server logic, a special windows is designate as desktop environment and this special windows can handle all the eyecandy stuff like decorations, icons and effects. The problem is that the latest UI heavily relies on hardware acceleration, Unity is an overlay on Compiz and the Gnome-shell also require an active driver for the GPU to work well: the problem is: on the same OS I can find multiple implementations of OpenGL who is handling my OpenGL buffer? how the OpenGL buffer is managed compared to the other windows? how can I be sure that my OpenGL implementation is glued to the hardware and is not related to the client-server logic of Xorg? For example I have tried the clutter library and I have only experienced problems under both Unity and GTK/Gnome, no problem under other OS.

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