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  • Debug.writeline locks

    - by Carra
    My program frequently stops with a deadlock. When I do a break-all and look at the threads I see that three threads are stuck in our logging function: public class Logging { public static void WriteClientLog(LogLevel logLevel, string message) { #if DEBUG System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine(String.Format("{0} {1}", DateTime.Now.ToString("HH:mm:ss"), message)); //LOCK #endif //...Log4net logging } } If I let the program continue the threads are still stuck on that line. I can't see where this can lock. The debug class, string class & datetime class seem to be thread safe. The error goes away when I remove the "#if DEBUG System... #endif" code but I'm curious why this behavior happens. Thread one: public void CleanCache() { Logging.WriteClientLog(LogLevel.Debug, "Start clean cache.");//Stuck } Thread two: private void AliveThread() { Logging.WriteClientLog(LogLevel.Debug, "Check connection");//Stuck }

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  • Python - Is it possible to get the name of the chained function?

    - by user1326876
    I'm working on a class that basically allows for method chaining, for setting some attrbutes for different dictionaries stored. The syntax is as follows: d = Test() d.connect().setAttrbutes(Message=Blah, Circle=True, Key=True) But there can also be other instances, so, for example: d = Test() d.initialise().setAttrbutes(Message=Blah) Now I believe that I can overwrite the "setattrbutes" function; I just don't want to create a function for each of the dictionary. Instead I want to capture the name of the previous chained function. So in the example above I would then be given "connect" and "initialise" so I know which dictionary to store these inside. I hope this makes sense. Any ideas would be greatly appreciated :)

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  • ValueError: setting an array element with a sequence.

    - by MedicalMath
    This code: import numpy as p def firstfunction(): UnFilteredDuringExSummaryOfMeansArray = [] MeanOutputHeader=['TestID','ConditionName','FilterType','RRMean','HRMean','dZdtMaxVoltageMean','BZMean','ZXMean' ,'LVETMean','Z0Mean','StrokeVolumeMean','CardiacOutputMean','VelocityIndexMean'] dataMatrix = BeatByBeatMatrixOfMatrices[column] roughTrimmedMatrix = p.array(dataMatrix[1:,1:17]) trimmedMatrix = p.array(roughTrimmedMatrix,dtype=p.float64) myMeans = p.mean(trimmedMatrix,axis=0,dtype=p.float64) conditionMeansArray = [TestID,testCondition,'UnfilteredBefore',myMeans[3], myMeans[4], myMeans[6], myMeans[9] , myMeans[10], myMeans[11], myMeans[12], myMeans[13], myMeans[14], myMeans[15]] UnFilteredDuringExSummaryOfMeansArray.append(conditionMeansArray) secondfunction(UnFilteredDuringExSummaryOfMeansArray) return def secondfunction(UnFilteredDuringExSummaryOfMeansArray): RRDuringArray = p.array(UnFilteredDuringExSummaryOfMeansArray,dtype=p.float64)[1:,3] return firstfunction() Throws this error message: File "mypath\mypythonscript.py", line 3484, in secondfunction RRDuringArray = p.array(UnFilteredDuringExSummaryOfMeansArray,dtype=p.float64)[1:,3] ValueError: setting an array element with a sequence. However, this code works: import numpy as p a=range(24) b = p.reshape(a,(6,4)) c=p.array(b,dtype=p.float64)[:,2] I re-arranged the code a bit to put it into a cogent posting, but it should more or less have the same result. Can anyone show me what to do to fix the problem in the broken code above so that it stops throwing an error message?

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  • How can I get rails to not render escaped quotes as \&quot;

    - by James
    In my layout I have <% @current_user.popups.each do |p| %> <% content_for :script do %> <%= "$(document).ready ( function() { $.jGrowl(\"#{p.message}\", { sticky: true }) });" %> <% end %> <% end %> And then in the script section I have <%= yield :script %> The problem is that this renders the escaped quotes as \&quot; and javascript doesn't like this. How can I stop this from happening? Or is there another approach to this? I can't use single quotes because I'd like to have some html in the message. I'd appreciate any help.

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  • NSIS- Error handling

    - by Pia
    I have written an installer and uninstaller in NSIS which creates and drops an sql database, which is working fine. I have written some .bat and .sql files to create and drop the database and then just call these files from NSIS script. My problem is if I keep this database open in SQL Server Management Studio and run the uninstaller ideally it should give an error message that the database is opened. In my case it shows the success message of uninstaller but dosnt drop the database properly. How can I handle this error in NSIS?

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  • Unable to locate using find element by link

    - by First Rock
    Newbie in testing. I generated a test case using Selenium, and then exported it as a Python script. Now, when I try to run that in terminal, I get following error: raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace) NoSuchElementException: Message: u'Unable to locate element: {"method":"link text","selector":"delete"}' I am using the command generated by Selenium i.e driver.find_element_by_link_text("delete").click() The reason for the error I believe is that the link "delete" in my web page is seen only when I click on a particular line to be deleted. So I guess it is being unable to locate the link. Please suggest what alternative measure could I use to locate and click on the "delete" link. Thanks in Advance:)

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  • Are string resource ID values guaranteed to be consistent over different projects?

    - by jax
    I have some messages being passed back from my server through php. The problem is that the messages are in English and if the user is using another language they will still get the message in English. So I had an idea that maybe instead of passing back the message I would instead pass the String resource Id from the android app, that way the app will get the correct string id for their language. I will use this in a number of apps so I just want to know if the string id is guaranteed to be the same across different android projects?

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  • Get return values from a stored procedure in c# (login process)

    - by Jin
    Hi all, I am trying to use a Stored Procedure which takes two parameters (login, pw) and returns the user info. If I execute the SP manually, I get Session_UID User_Group_Name Sys_User_Name ------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------- - NULL Administrators NTMSAdmin No rows affected. (1 row(s) returned) @RETURN_VALUE = 0 Finished running [dbo].[p_SYS_Login]. But with the code below, I only get the return value. do you know how to get the other values shown above like Session_UID, User_Group_Name, and Sys_User_Name ? if you see the commented part below code. I tried to add some output parameters but it doesn't work with incorrect number of parameters error. string strConnection = Settings.Default.ConnectionString; using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(strConnection)) { using (SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand()) { SqlDataReader rdr = null; cmd.Connection = conn; cmd.CommandText = "p_SYS_Login"; //cmd.CommandText = "p_sys_Select_User_Group"; cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure; SqlParameter paramReturnValue = new SqlParameter(); paramReturnValue.ParameterName = "@RETURN_VALUE"; paramReturnValue.SqlDbType = SqlDbType.Int; paramReturnValue.SourceColumn = null; paramReturnValue.Direction = ParameterDirection.ReturnValue; //SqlParameter paramGroupName = new SqlParameter("@User_Group_Name", SqlDbType.VarChar, 50); //paramGroupName.Direction = ParameterDirection.Output; //SqlParameter paramUserName = new SqlParameter("@Sys_User_Name", SqlDbType.VarChar, 50); //paramUserName.Direction = ParameterDirection.Output; cmd.Parameters.Add(paramReturnValue); //cmd.Parameters.Add(paramGroupName); //cmd.Parameters.Add(paramUserName); cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Sys_Login", textUserID.Text); cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@Sys_Password", textPassword.Text); try { conn.Open(); object result = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); int returnValue = (int)cmd.Parameters["@RETURN_VALUE"].Value; if (returnValue == 0) { Hide(); Program.MapForm.Show(); } else if (returnValue == 1) { MessageBox.Show("The username or password you entered is incorrect", "NTMS Login", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Warning); } else if (returnValue == 2) { MessageBox.Show("This account is disabled", "NTMS Login", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Warning); } else { MessageBox.Show("Database error. Please contact administrator", "NTMS Login", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Warning); } } catch (Exception ex) { string message = ex.Message; string caption = "MAVIS Exception"; MessageBoxButtons buttons = MessageBoxButtons.OK; MessageBox.Show( message, caption, buttons, MessageBoxIcon.Warning, MessageBoxDefaultButton.Button1); } } } Thanks for your help.

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  • Android/Java Javadoc missing after updating Android SDK

    - by binnyb
    After i recently installed the new Android SDK stuff, I no longer can view the Javadoc while editing my project's code. I get this message: Note: This element has no attached source and the Javadoc could not be found in the attached Javadoc. I am getting this message for all methods, variables, classes, etc. I have installed the documentation and everything available to me via the android update manager. I have also tried to do a clean install of the android sdk and eclipse, and no luck getting the javadoc working. I have also tried manually setting the javadoc via project properties -> javadoc location -> file:/C:/Program Files/Android/android-sdk-windows/docs/reference/ with no luck What suggestions do you have that could fix this problem?

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  • Stop MSVC++ debug errors from blocking the current process?

    - by Mike Arthur
    Any failed ASSERT statements on Windows cause the below debug message to appear and freeze the applications execution. I realise this is expected behaviour but it is running periodically on a headless machine so prevent the unit tests from failing, instead waiting on user input indefinitely. Is there s a registry key or compiler flag I can use to prevent this message box from requesting user input whilst still allowing the test to fail under ASSERT? Basically, I want to do this without modifying any code, just changing compiler or Windows options. Thanks!

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  • deleting a file in java while uploading it in other thread

    - by user369507
    i'm trying to build a semi file sharing program, when each computer acts both as a server and as a client. I give multiple threads the option to DL the file from my system. also, i've got a user interface that can recieve a delete message. my problem is that i want that the minute a delete message receieved, i wait for all the threads that are DL the file to finish DL, and ONLY than excute file.delete(). what is the best way to do it? I thought about some database that holds and iterate and check if the thread is active, but it seems clumsy. is there a better way? thanks

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  • How to stop my emails to be sent as bulk email?

    - by SH
    I have a reason to do that. I have recorded a voice message, attached with email, and sent it to several companies. One company, takes that voice message/email, and send it to millions of people. I want to stop resend of my email/voice recording. I am C# develop, one of my client asked me this question. I asked him to introduce verification codes, so that nobody will be able to listen the voice but still emails would be sent to millions of poeple. Any workaround for this problem?

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  • Different RegisterWindowMessage() names appear the same

    - by Mike Trader
    Using the C/C++ Windows API RegisterWindowMessage() I am using the name of the application as the message name. Next I call CreatMutex() using the same name so that I can tell if it already exists. If it does, I know this application is already running and not to launch a second instance of it. THis is the operation of my function Running() My confusion is over the message name. It seems that "AutoConvert.exe" and "AutoAppend.exe" are interpreted as the same name. Why?

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  • Which messanging services can BlackBerry apps integrate with?

    - by humble coffee
    I'm in charge of having a BlackBerry app developed that translates the contents of a message from one language to another. So the aim would be to have a button at the bottom of a received message which says 'translate this'. I've heard that this kind of thing is possible using J2ME plus the native BlackBerry API. Can this be done for all kinds of messanging features on the Blackberry, or just some? ie I'm thinking SMS, email and BB messages. Secondly, given that the translation itself is done via a web request, I feel like this should be a fairly lightweight application. Would anyone care to hazard a guess how long it might take an experienced contractor to develop such an app?

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  • Localizing validation (error) messages in Grails

    - by John
    Hi, I try to localize error messages from the Domain classes. This is possible with the default error messages, e.g.: default.blank.message=Property [{0}] cannot be blank and localized attribute names, e.g.: customer.address.label=Customer address Where "Customer" is my domain class and address is its attribute. My problem is that I can't localize some attributes because I need specific error messages. E.g: has.to.be.a.number=Property [{0}] has to be a number contingent.size.label=Contingent size. But the message I get is "Property [size] has to be a number" instead of "Property [Contingent size] has to be a number". The messages I cant localize are following: - Property [{0}] has to be a number - Property [{0}] has to be a valid date // I can't use g:datePicker in this context

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  • UnicodeDecodeError from a GET-parameter in webapp2

    - by Aneon
    I'm getting a UnicodeDecodeError when recieving a GET-parameter from webapp2 that contains unicode characters, and then using it to do a NDB query. I get the same error message when manually running a unicode() on the parameter in the handler, so there either seems to be a problem in webapp2's URL routing or I've missed something. Preferably, all GET-parameters should be converted to unicode before getting passed into the handler so I don't need to do manual conversions in all of my handlers. I actually think it's worked before in an earlier version. The full error message read: UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xc3 in position 1: ordinal not in range(128) The GET-parameter contains the following string: göteborg. It looks fine when I raise an Exception on it, but gives me an error when I (or NDB) use unicode() on it. EDIT: In NDB, it fails on the following code: File "C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\google_appengine\google\appengine\api\datastore_types.py", line 1562, in PackString pbvalue.set_stringvalue(unicode(value).encode('utf-8')) Thanks.

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  • Can't INSERT INTO SELECT into a table with identity column

    - by Eran Goldin
    In SQL server, I'm using a table variable and when done manipulating it I want to insert its values into a real table that has an identity column which is also the PK. The table variable I'm making has two columns; the physical table has four, the first of which is the identity column, an integer IK. The data types for the columns I want to insert are the same as the target columns' data types. INSERT INTO [dbo].[Message] ([Name], [Type]) SELECT DISTINCT [Code],[MessageType] FROM @TempTableVariable END This fails with Cannot insert duplicate key row in object 'dbo.Message' with unique index 'IX_Message_Id'. The duplicate key value is (ApplicationSelection). But when trying to insert just Values (...) it works ok. How do I get it right?

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  • Auto Re-Running of Tests that fail

    - by Tangopop
    I have a set of Selenium/MbUnit Tests that work fine, but tend to take a while to run (over 4 hours) A problem i am finding is that about 1 in 20 test seems to timeout when running. I have confirmed the Selenium GRID is working and the Selenium RC's are all fine, it just seems to be a qwerk of the system. What is really annoying though is that if i run these tests again they will usually pass. What i want to know is if there is a way for me to auto rerun the tests (probably in the code) if a perticular type of exception is caught... I have attempted to put a few lines of code in the catch statement but i know this is a very hacky way of re running the tests. Here is the code: catch (AssertionException e) { if (e.Message() == "TimeOut") //Something similar to this { this.Test(); } else { verificationErrors.AppendLine(browserList[i] + " :: " + e.Message); } } Any suggestions?

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  • Way to check for foreign key references before deleting in MySQL?

    - by Chad Johnson
    I'm working with a content management system, and users are prompted with a confirmation screen before deleting records. Some records are foreign key referenced in other tables, and therefore they cannot be deleted. I would like to display a message beside a given record if it has foreign key references. To know whether I should display the message for a record, I could just query the referencing table and see if there are references. But the problem is, there are about a dozen tables with records potentially referencing this record, and a lookup could take a "long" time. Is there an easy way to tell whether the record is delete-ready (ie. has no foreign key references)?

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  • how to use multiple $_name using extends Zend_Db_Table_Abstract in zend frame work.

    - by karthik
    we tried to do like this,but it is showing some errors.Our table names are users and messages. <?php class Application_Model_childconnect1 extends Zend_Db_Table_Abstract { protected $_name = 'users'; public function loginvalidation($username,$pwd) { $row = $this->fetchRow('UserName = \'' . $username . '\'and UserPW = \''. $pwd . '\''); if (!$row) { $msg="invalid"; return $msg; } else { return $row->toArray(); } } protected $_name = 'messages'; public function replymessage($message) { $data=array( 'MessageText'=>$message ); $this->insert($data); } }

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  • CakePHP delete() function is not working

    - by Logic Artist
    Hello, Im just cracking open cakePHP (v1.3.2). I set it up on my local wamp server, seems to work fine except the delete() function doesn't work. I'm following their blog tutorial exactly, its as simple as it can be so I don't understand why its not working. Heres the function in my PostsController class: function delete($id = NULL) { $this->Post->delete($id); $this->Session->setFlash('The post with id: '.$id.' has been deleted.'); $this->redirect(array('action'=>'index')); } The "Delete" link's url looks like http://localhost/posts/delete/id:1 (where the id number matches the particular post, obviously). It redirects and sets the flash message, however there is no number where $id should be in the message, and the post isn't deleted. It seems the proper id is passed through the url, but I don't think it is getting into the function. I dont get it. Any ideas???

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  • Fastest way to move records from an Oracle database into SQL Server

    - by user347748
    Ok this is the scenario... I have a table in Oracle that acts like a queue... A VB.net program reads the queue and calls a stored proc in SQL Server that processes and then inserts the message into another SQL Server table and then deletes the record from the oracle table. We use a DataReader to read the records from Oracle and then call the stored proc for each of the records. The program seems to be a little slow. The stored procedure itself isn't slow. The SP by itself when called in a loop can process about 2000 records in 20 seconds. But when called from the .Net program, the execution time is about 5 records per second. I have seen that most of the time consumed is in calling the stored procedure and waiting for it to return. Is there a better way of doing this? Here is a snippet of the actual code Function StartDataXfer() As Boolean Dim status As Boolean = False Try SqlConn.Open() OraConn.Open() c.ErrorLog(Now.ToString & "--Going to Get the messages from oracle", 1) If GetMsgsFromOracle() Then c.ErrorLog(Now.ToString & "--Got messages from oracle", 1) If ProcessMessages() Then c.ErrorLog(Now.ToString & "--Finished Processing all messages in the queue", 0) status = True Else c.ErrorLog(Now.ToString & "--Failed to Process all messages in the queue", 0) status = False End If Else status = True End If StartDataXfer = status Catch ex As Exception Finally SqlConn.Close() OraConn.Close() End Try End Function Private Function GetMsgsFromOracle() As Boolean Try OraDataAdapter = New OleDb.OleDbDataAdapter OraDataTable = New System.Data.DataTable OraSelCmd = New OleDb.OleDbCommand GetMsgsFromOracle = False With OraSelCmd .CommandType = CommandType.Text .Connection = OraConn .CommandText = GetMsgSql End With OraDataAdapter.SelectCommand = OraSelCmd OraDataAdapter.Fill(OraDataTable) If OraDataTable.Rows.Count > 0 Then GetMsgsFromOracle = True End If Catch ex As Exception GetMsgsFromOracle = False End Try End Function Private Function ProcessMessages() As Boolean Try ProcessMessages = False PrepareSQLInsert() PrepOraDel() i = 0 Dim Method As Integer Dim OraDataRow As DataRow c.ErrorLog(Now.ToString & "--Going to call message sending procedure", 2) For Each OraDataRow In OraDataTable.Rows With OraDataRow Method = GetMethod(.Item(0)) SQLInsCmd.Parameters("RelLifeTime").Value = c.RelLifetime SQLInsCmd.Parameters("Param1").Value = Nothing SQLInsCmd.Parameters("ID").Value = GenerateTransactionID() ' Nothing SQLInsCmd.Parameters("UID").Value = Nothing SQLInsCmd.Parameters("Param").Value = Nothing SQLInsCmd.Parameters("Credit").Value = 0 SQLInsCmd.ExecuteNonQuery() 'check the return value If SQLInsCmd.Parameters("ReturnValue").Value = 1 And SQLInsCmd.Parameters("OutPutParam").Value = 0 Then 'success 'delete the input record from the source table once it is logged c.ErrorLog(Now.ToString & "--Moved record successfully", 2) OraDataAdapter.DeleteCommand.Parameters("P(0)").Value = OraDataRow.Item(6) OraDataAdapter.DeleteCommand.ExecuteNonQuery() c.ErrorLog(Now.ToString & "--Deleted record successfully", 2) OraDataAdapter.Update(OraDataTable) c.ErrorLog(Now.ToString & "--Committed record successfully", 2) i = i + 1 Else 'failure c.ErrorLog(Now.ToString & "--Failed to exec: " & c.DestIns & "Status: " & SQLInsCmd.Parameters("OutPutParam").Value & " and TrackId: " & SQLInsCmd.Parameters("TrackID").Value.ToString, 0) End If If File.Exists("stop.txt") Then c.ErrorLog(Now.ToString & "--Stop File Found", 1) 'ProcessMessages = True 'Exit Function Exit For End If End With Next OraDataAdapter.Update(OraDataTable) c.ErrorLog(Now.ToString & "--Updated Oracle Table", 1) c.ErrorLog(Now.ToString & "--Moved " & i & " records from Oracle to SQL Table", 1) ProcessMessages = True Catch ex As Exception ProcessMessages = False c.ErrorLog(Now.ToString & "--MoveMsgsToSQL: " & ex.Message, 0) Finally OraDataTable.Clear() OraDataTable.Dispose() OraDataAdapter.Dispose() OraDelCmd.Dispose() OraDelCmd = Nothing OraSelCmd = Nothing OraDataTable = Nothing OraDataAdapter = Nothing End Try End Function Public Function GenerateTransactionID() As Int64 Dim SeqNo As Int64 Dim qry As String Dim SqlTransCmd As New OleDb.OleDbCommand qry = " select seqno from StoreSeqNo" SqlTransCmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text SqlTransCmd.Connection = SqlConn SqlTransCmd.CommandText = qry SeqNo = SqlTransCmd.ExecuteScalar If SeqNo > 2147483647 Then qry = "update StoreSeqNo set seqno=1" SqlTransCmd.CommandText = qry SqlTransCmd.ExecuteNonQuery() GenerateTransactionID = 1 Else qry = "update StoreSeqNo set seqno=" & SeqNo + 1 SqlTransCmd.CommandText = qry SqlTransCmd.ExecuteNonQuery() GenerateTransactionID = SeqNo End If End Function Private Function PrepareSQLInsert() As Boolean 'function to prepare the insert statement for the insert into the SQL stmt using 'the sql procedure SMSProcessAndDispatch Try Dim dr As DataRow SQLInsCmd = New OleDb.OleDbCommand With SQLInsCmd .CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure .Connection = SqlConn .CommandText = SQLInsProc .Parameters.Add("ReturnValue", OleDb.OleDbType.Integer) .Parameters("ReturnValue").Direction = ParameterDirection.ReturnValue .Parameters.Add("OutPutParam", OleDb.OleDbType.Integer) .Parameters("OutPutParam").Direction = ParameterDirection.Output .Parameters.Add("TrackID", OleDb.OleDbType.VarChar, 70) .Parameters.Add("RelLifeTime", OleDb.OleDbType.TinyInt) .Parameters("RelLifeTime").Direction = ParameterDirection.Input .Parameters.Add("Param1", OleDb.OleDbType.VarChar, 160) .Parameters("Param1").Direction = ParameterDirection.Input .Parameters.Add("TransID", OleDb.OleDbType.VarChar, 70) .Parameters("TransID").Direction = ParameterDirection.Input .Parameters.Add("UID", OleDb.OleDbType.VarChar, 20) .Parameters("UID").Direction = ParameterDirection.Input .Parameters.Add("Param", OleDb.OleDbType.VarChar, 160) .Parameters("Param").Direction = ParameterDirection.Input .Parameters.Add("CheckCredit", OleDb.OleDbType.Integer) .Parameters("CheckCredit").Direction = ParameterDirection.Input .Prepare() End With Catch ex As Exception c.ErrorLog(Now.ToString & "--PrepareSQLInsert: " & ex.Message) End Try End Function Private Function PrepOraDel() As Boolean OraDelCmd = New OleDb.OleDbCommand Try PrepOraDel = False With OraDelCmd .CommandType = CommandType.Text .Connection = OraConn .CommandText = DelSrcSQL .Parameters.Add("P(0)", OleDb.OleDbType.VarChar, 160) 'RowID .Parameters("P(0)").Direction = ParameterDirection.Input .Prepare() End With OraDataAdapter.DeleteCommand = OraDelCmd PrepOraDel = True Catch ex As Exception PrepOraDel = False End Try End Function WHat i would like to know is, if there is anyway to speed up this program? Any ideas/suggestions would be highly appreciated... Regardss, Chetan

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  • PHP pass variable after form is submitted

    - by user342391
    I have a form that posts to process.php. Process.php send all the data to mysql then returns back to the page using: <?php header("Location: /campaigns"); ?> On the page it returns to I want to display a message saying form submitted. Can I post a variable to the Location: /campaigns. And use the variable to display the message (or modal box)? and if so what would be the best way to do it?

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  • factory class, wrong number of arguments being passed to subclass constructor

    - by Hugh Bothwell
    I was looking at Python: Exception in the separated module works wrong which uses a multi-purpose GnuLibError class to 'stand in' for a variety of different errors. Each sub-error has its own ID number and error format string. I figured it would be better written as a hierarchy of Exception classes, and set out to do so: class GNULibError(Exception): sub_exceptions = 0 # patched with dict of subclasses once subclasses are created err_num = 0 err_format = None def __new__(cls, *args): print("new {}".format(cls)) # DEBUG if len(args) and args[0] in GNULibError.sub_exceptions: print(" factory -> {} {}".format(GNULibError.sub_exceptions[args[0]], args[1:])) # DEBUG return super(GNULibError, cls).__new__(GNULibError.sub_exceptions[args[0]], *(args[1:])) else: print(" plain {} {}".format(cls, args)) # DEBUG return super(GNULibError, cls).__new__(cls, *args) def __init__(self, *args): cls = type(self) print("init {} {}".format(cls, args)) # DEBUG self.args = args if cls.err_format is None: self.message = str(args) else: self.message = "[GNU Error {}] ".format(cls.err_num) + cls.err_format.format(*args) def __str__(self): return self.message def __repr__(self): return '{}{}'.format(type(self).__name__, self.args) class GNULibError_Directory(GNULibError): err_num = 1 err_format = "destination directory does not exist: {}" class GNULibError_Config(GNULibError): err_num = 2 err_format = "configure file does not exist: {}" class GNULibError_Module(GNULibError): err_num = 3 err_format = "selected module does not exist: {}" class GNULibError_Cache(GNULibError): err_num = 4 err_format = "{} is expected to contain gl_M4_BASE({})" class GNULibError_Sourcebase(GNULibError): err_num = 5 err_format = "missing sourcebase argument: {}" class GNULibError_Docbase(GNULibError): err_num = 6 err_format = "missing docbase argument: {}" class GNULibError_Testbase(GNULibError): err_num = 7 err_format = "missing testsbase argument: {}" class GNULibError_Libname(GNULibError): err_num = 8 err_format = "missing libname argument: {}" # patch master class with subclass reference # (TO DO: auto-detect all available subclasses instead of hardcoding them) GNULibError.sub_exceptions = { 1: GNULibError_Directory, 2: GNULibError_Config, 3: GNULibError_Module, 4: GNULibError_Cache, 5: GNULibError_Sourcebase, 6: GNULibError_Docbase, 7: GNULibError_Testbase, 8: GNULibError_Libname } This starts out with GNULibError as a factory class - if you call it with an error number belonging to a recognized subclass, it returns an object belonging to that subclass, otherwise it returns itself as a default error type. Based on this code, the following should be exactly equivalent (but aren't): e = GNULibError(3, 'missing.lib') f = GNULibError_Module('missing.lib') print e # -> '[GNU Error 3] selected module does not exist: 3' print f # -> '[GNU Error 3] selected module does not exist: missing.lib' I added some strategic print statements, and the error seems to be in GNULibError.__new__: >>> e = GNULibError(3, 'missing.lib') new <class '__main__.GNULibError'> factory -> <class '__main__.GNULibError_Module'> ('missing.lib',) # good... init <class '__main__.GNULibError_Module'> (3, 'missing.lib') # NO! ^ why? I call the subclass constructor as subclass.__new__(*args[1:]) - this should drop the 3, the subclass type ID - and yet its __init__ is still getting the 3 anyway! How can I trim the argument list that gets passed to subclass.__init__?

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