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  • What Pattern will solve this - fetching dependent record from database

    - by tunmise fasipe
    I have these classes class Match { int MatchID, int TeamID, //used to reference Team ... other fields } Note: Match actually have 2 teams which means 2 TeamID class Team { int TeamID, string TeamName } In my view I need to display List<Match> showing the TeamName. So I added another field class Match { int MatchID, int TeamID, //used to reference Team ... other fields string TeamName; } I can now do Match m = getMatch(id); m.TeamName = getTeamName(m.TeamId); //get name from database But for a List<Match>, getTeamName(TeamId) will go to the database to fetch TeamName for each TeamID. For a page of 10 Matches per page, that could be (10x2Teams)=20 trip to database. To avoid this, I had the idea of loading everything once, store it in memory and only lookup the TeamName in memory. This made me have a rethink that what if the records are 5000 or more. What pattern is used to solve this and how?

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  • Part 4: Development Standards or How to share

    - by volker.eckardt(at)oracle.com
    Although we usually introduce the custom development part in EBS projects as “a small piece only” and “we will avoid as best as possible”, the development effort can be enormous and should therefore be well addressed by project standards. Any additional solution or additional software tool or product shall influence the custom development rules (by adding, removing or replacing sections). It is very common in EBS projects to create a so called “MD.030 Development Standards” document and put everything what’s related to development conventions into it. This document gets approval and will be shared among all developers. Later, additional sections have to be added, and usually the development lead is responsible for doing this. However, sometimes used development techniques are not documented properly, and therefore the development solutions deviate from each other, or from the initially agreed standards. My advice would be the following: keep the MD.030 as a base document, and add a Wiki on top. The “Development Wiki” covers the following: Collect input from every developer without updating the MD.030 directly Collect additional topics that might need further specification Allow a discussion about such topics by reviewing/updating the wiki directly Add also decisions or open questions right into it. In one of my own projects we were using this “Developer Wiki” quite extensive, and my experience is very positive. We had different sections in it, good cross references, but also additional material like code templates, links to external web pages etc. By using this wiki, the development standards became “owned” by the right group of people, the developers. They recognized that information sharing can improve the overall development quality, but will also reduce the workload on individuals. Finally, the wiki was much more accurate and helpful for the daily development work than our initial MD.030, and we all decided to retire the document completely. Summary: Information sharing in the development area is very important! The usual “MD.030 Development Standards“ is a good starting point, but should be combined with a “Development Wiki”, allowing everyone to address and discuss necessary improvements. A well-structured Wiki can replace the document in some sections completely. Side Note: The corresponding task in Oracle OUM (Oracle Unified Method) is DS.050 ‘Determine Design and Build Standards’ Volker

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  • It is inconsiderate to place editor settings inside code files?

    - by Carlos Campderrós
    I know this is kind of a subjective question, but I'm curious if there's any good reason to place (or not place) editor settings inside code files. I'm thinking in vi modelines, but it is possible that this applies to other editors. In short, a vi modeline is a line inside a file that tells vi how to behave (indent with spaces or tabs, set tabwidth to X, autoindent by default or not, ...) that is placed inside a comment, so it won't affect the program/compiler when running. In a .c file it could be similar to // vim: noai:ts=4:sw=4 On one hand, I think this shouldn't be inside the file, as it is an editor setting and so belongs to an editor configuration file or property. On the other hand, for projects involving developers outside one company (that are not imposed an editor/settings) or collaborators on github/bitbucket/... it is an easy way to avoid breaking the code style (tabs vs spaces for example), but only for the ones that use that editor though. I cannot see any powerful enough reason to decide for or against this practice, so I am in doubt of what to do.

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  • How can one-handed work in Ubuntu be eased?

    - by N.N.
    My right hand is temporarily immobilized and I would like to do some minor general work on my computer. Mostly web browsing, mailing and file and directory browsing and editing. For this I currently use Firefox, Thunderbird, Nautilus and the GNOME terminal (I have already asked a specific question about Emacs). Are there ways to ease such, or any other general, one-handed work in Ubuntu? I have found http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2391805/how-can-i-remain-productive-with-one-hand-completely-immobilized but that is not exactly what I am asking for. I want to ease whatever little time spent one-handed in Ubuntu and this is also interesting for situations where there is no injury involved, such as when one hand is occupied. I do realize I should avoid unnecessary strain. The main thing that is much slower one-handed is writing. Since I am only temporarily immobilized it seems to make no sense learn a new keyboard layout. I would be surprised if I managed to learn and become more effective with a new keyboard layout (than one-handed QWERTY) before I can use my other hand again. What I have already found: Sticky keys for making it easier to enter keyboard commands. When writing one-handed there are more cases of where it is useful to paste in phrases rather than to reenter them. It is easier to use Super+S rather than CtrlAlt+arrow keys to switch work space.

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  • How do I uninstall GRUB?

    - by ændrük
    A hard drive that I use only for data storage still has GRUB from past Ubuntu installations. How can I remove GRUB from it without harming the rest of the drive's data? Background I occasionally move the data drive between computers with various boot order configurations, so I would like it to be non-bootable in order to avoid having to accommodate it in each computer's BIOS settings. When I power on a computer while only the data drive is attached, the following appears: error: no such device: fdf38dd4-9e9d-479d-b830-2a6989958503. grub rescue> I can confirm from old backups of /etc/fstab that this was the UUID of a root partition that I recently reformatted and which no longer exists. Here's the the data drive's partition table and raw master boot record. Please note that I'm not interested in workarounds that don't answer my primary question. I can think of several ways to work around this issue, but it bothers me on principle that I don't know how to directly resolve it. Every installation procedure should have a counterpart uninstallation procedure.

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  • Best Terminology for a particular php-based site architecture? [closed]

    - by hen3ry
    For a site... o whose overall look-and-feel is generated by one php page ("index.php"). o in which "index.php" provides for all pages served the following required components: The DOCTYPE, opening html tag, the head section, the opening body tag, the end-body tag, and end-html tag. o which uses computed hierarchical navigation menus within "index.php" to offer visitors access to the site content. o in which all content is stored in individual files that contain "headerless html". (The DOCTYPE, etc. etc. being being provided by "index.php" as described above.) Q1: what term best describes this architecture? I'm seeking a concise descriptor that is useful in conversation and definitive as a search term, in whole-web searches, and searching here on Pro Webmasters. Q2: what term best describes the individual content files? Same general goals for the descriptor as above. As you see above, I couldn't avoid using the term "headerless html", my best choice. But this term does not seem to be in general use. I've found some people use this term to describe such as my content files, but others use it quite differently.

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  • Serializing network messages

    - by mtsvetkov
    I am writing a network wrapper around boost::asio and was wondering what is a good and simple way to serialize my messages. I have a message factory which can take care of dispatching the data to the correct builder, but I want to know if there are any established solutions for getting the binary data on the sender side and consequently passing the data for deserialization on the receiver end. Some options I've explored are: passing a pointer to a char[] to the serialize/deserialize functions (for serialize to write to, and deserialize to read from), but it's difficult to enforce buffer size this way; building on that, I decided to have the serialize function return a boost::asio::mutable_buffer, however ownership of the memory gets blurred between multiple classes, as the network wrapper needs to clean up the memory allocated by the message builder. I have also seen solutions involving streambuf's and stringstream's, but manipulating binary data in terms of its string representation is something I want to avoid. Is there some sort of binary stream I can use instead? What I am looking for is a solution (preferrably using boost libs) that lets the message builder dictate the amount of memory allocated during serialization and what that would look like in terms of passing the data around between the wrapper and message factory/message builders. PS. Messages contain almost exclusively built-in types and PODs and form a shallow but wide hierarchy for the sake of going through a factory. Note: a link to examples of using boost::serialization for something like this would be appreciated as I'm having difficulties figuring out the relation between it and buffers.

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  • Is there a (family of) monotonically non-decreasing noise function(s)?

    - by Joe Wreschnig
    I'd like a function to animate an object moving from point A to point B over time, such that it reaches B at some fixed time, but its position at any time is randomly perturbed in a continuous fashion, but never goes backwards. The objects move along straight lines, so I only need one dimension. Mathematically, that means I'm looking for some continuous f(x), x ? [0,1], such that: f(0) = 0 f(1) = 1 x < y ? f(x) = f(y) At "most" points f(x + d) - f(x) bears no obvious relation to d. (The function is not uniformly increasing or otherwise predictable; I think that's also equivalent to saying no degree of derivative is a constant.) Ideally, I would actually like some way to have a family of these functions, providing some seed state. I'd need at least 4 bits of seed (16 possible functions), for my current use, but since that's not much feel free to provide even more. To avoid various issues with accumulation errors, I'd prefer the function not require any kind of internal state. That is, I want it to be a real function, not a programming "function".

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  • Does it make sense to write tests for legacy code when there is no time for a complete refactoring?

    - by is4
    I usually try to follow the advice of the book Working Effectively with Legacy Code. I break dependencies, move parts of the code to @VisibleForTesting public static methods and to new classes to make the code (or at least some part of it) testable. And I write tests to make sure that I don't break anything when I'm modifying or adding new functions. A colleague says that I shouldn't do this. His reasoning: The original code might not work properly in the first place. And writing tests for it makes future fixes and modifications harder since devs have to understand and modify the tests too. If it's GUI code with some logic (~12 lines, 2-3 if/else block, for example), a test isn't worth the trouble since the code is too trivial to begin with. Similar bad patterns could exist in other parts of the codebase, too (which I haven't seen yet, I'm rather new); it will be easier to clean them all up in one big refactoring. Extracting out logic could undermine this future possibility. Should I avoid extracting out testable parts and writing tests if we don't have time for complete refactoring? Is there any disadvantage to this that I should consider?

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  • Webcast: DB Enterprise User Security Integration with Oracle Directory Services

    - by B Shashikumar
    The typical enterprise has a large number of DBA (Database administrator) accounts that are locally managed, which is often very costly, problematic and error-prone. Databases are a crucial component of your enterprise IT infrastructure, housing sensitive corporate data and database user accounts and privileges. To ensure the integrity of your enterprise's data, it's imperative to have a well-managed identity management system. This begins with centralized management of user accounts and access rights. Enterprise User Security (EUS), an Oracle Database Enterprise Edition feature, combined with Oracle Identity Management, gives you the ability to centrally manage database users and their authorizations in one central place. The cost of user provisioning and password resets is dramatically reduced. This technology is a must for new application development and should be considered for existing applications as well. Join Oracle Advisors for a live webcast on Jul 11 at 8am Pacific Time where Oracle experts will briefly introduce EUS, followed by a detailed discussion about the various directory options that are supported, including integration with Microsoft Active Directory. We'll conclude how to avoid common pitfalls deploying EUS with directory services. To register for this event, click here  

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  • Booting off a ZFS root in 14.04

    - by RJVB
    I've been running a Debian derivative (LMDE) on a ZFS root for half a year now. It was created by cloning a regular ext4-based install with all the necessary packages onto a ZFS pool, chrooting into that pool and recreating a grub menu and bootloader. The system uses an ext-3 dedicated /boot partition. I would like to do the same with Ubuntu 14.04, but have encountered several obstacles. There is no Trusty zfs-grub package The default grub package doesn't have ZFS support built in. I found a small bug in the build system responsible for that (report with patch created) and built my own grub packages. The built-in ZFS support is dysfunctional, it does not add the proper arguments to the kernel command line I thus installed the ZoL grub package I also use on my LMDE system, which does give me a correct grub.cfg However, even with that correct grub.cfg, the boot process apparently doesn't retrieve the bootfs parameter from the ZFS pool; instead the variable that's supposed to receive the value remains empty. As a result, initrd tries to load the default pool ("rpool"), which fails of course. I can however import the pool by hand, and complete the process by hand. If memory serves me well, I also had to disable apparmor, to avoid the boot process from blocking after importing the pool. Am I overlooking something? Just for comparison, I installed the Ubuntu 3.13 kernel on my LMDE system, and that works just fine (i.e. the identical kernel and grub binaries allow successful booting without glitches on LMDE but not on Ubuntu).

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  • Is there any kind of established architecture for browser based MMO games?

    - by black_puppydog
    I am beginning the development of a broser based game in which players take certain actions at any point in time. Big parts of gameplay will be happening in real life and just have to be entered into the system. I believe a good kind of comparison might be a platform for managing fantasy football, although I have virtually no experience playing that, so please correct me if I am mistaken here. The point is that some events happen in the program (i.e. on the server, out of reach for the players) like pulling new results from some datasource, starting of a new round by a game master and such. Other events happen in real life (two players closing a deal on the transfer of some team member or whatnot - again: have never played fantasy football) and have to be entered into the system. The first part is pretty easy since the game masters will be "staff" and thus can be trusted to a certain degree to not mess with the system. But the second part bothers me quite a lot, especially since the actions may involve multiple steps and interactions with different players, like registering a deal with the system that then has to be approved by the other party or denied and passed on to a game master to decide. I would of course like to separate the game logic as far as possible from the presentation and basic form validation but am unsure how to do this in a clean fashion. Of course I could (and will) put some effort into making my own architectural decisions and prototype different ideas. But I am bound to make some stupid mistakes at some point, so I would like to avoid some of that by getting a little "book smart" beforehand. So the question is: Is there any kind of architectural works that I can read up on? Papers, blogs, maybe design documents or even source code? Writing this down this seems more like a business application with business rules, workflows and such... Any good entry points for that?

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  • Uralelektrostroy Improves Turnaround Times for Engineering and Construction Projects by Approximately 50% with Better Project Data Management

    - by Melissa Centurio Lopes
    LLC Uralelektrostroy was established in 1998, to meet the growing demand for reliable energy supply, which included the deployment and operation of a modern power grid system for Russia’s booming economy and industrial sector. To rise to the challenge, the country required a company with a strong reputation and the ability to strategically operate energy production and distribution facilities. As a renowned energy expert, Uralelektrostroy successfully embarked on the mission—focusing on the design, construction, and operation of power grids, transmission lines, and generation facilities. Today, Uralelektrostroy leads the Russian utilities industry with operations across the country, particularly in the Ural, Western Siberia, and Moscow regions. Challenges: Track work progress through all engineering project development stages with ease—from planning and start-up operations, to onsite construction and quality assurance—to enhance visibility into complex projects, such as power grid and power-transmission-line construction Implement and execute engineering projects faster—for example, designing and building power generation and distribution facilities—by better monitoring numerous local subcontractors Improve alignment of project schedules with project owners’ requirements—awarding federal and regional authorities—to avoid incurring fines for missing deadlines Solutions: Used Oracle’s Primavera P6 Enterprise Project Portfolio Management 8.1 to streamline communication with customers and subcontractors through better data management and harmonized reporting, reducing construction project implementation and turnaround times by approximately 50%, on average Enabled fast generation of work-in-progress reports that track project schedules, budgets, materials, and staffing—from approval and material procurement, to construction and delivery Reduced the number of construction sites by nearly 30% (from 35 to 25) by identifying unprofitable sites—streamlining operations at the company’s construction site network and increasing profitability Improved project visibility by enabling managers to efficiently track project status, ensuring on-time reporting and punctual project deliveries to federal customers to reduce delay penalties to zero “Oracle’s Primavera P6 Enterprise Project Portfolio Management 8.1 drastically changed the way we run our business. We’ve reduced the number of redundant assets, streamlined project implementation and execution, and improved collaboration with our customers and contractors. Overall, the Oracle deployment helped to increase our profitability.” – Roman Aleksandrovich Naumenko, Head of Information Technology, LLC Uralelektrostroy Read the complete customer snapshot here.

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  • Problems to boot, Ubuntu entry does not work anymore

    - by user104108
    A few months I decided to install Ubuntu 12.04 on my PC alongside with my Windows 7 partition. In order to do that and avoid any mistake, I followed these steps: http://www.linuxbsdos.com/2012/05/17/how-to-dual-boot-ubuntu-12-04-and-windows-7/2/ Everything was going well until I decided to update to the 12.10 realese. I don't know what happened, but after I updated my Ubuntu, it stoped working, it didn't even launched, when I turned on my pc and choose to run "Ubuntu 12.04" on the Grub Screen, a weird messaged appeared. Well, so I decided to install the Ubuntu 12.10 and forget about the 12.04 partition, no problem. I erased the partitions used for the Ubuntu 12.04 with EaseUS partition Manager. However, when I start my PC, there is still the option of "Ubuntu 12.04" to chose, is that bad? And what about now, can I use the Windows Installer of Ubuntu ( http://www.ubuntu.com/download/help/install-ubuntu-with-windows ) to install the Ubuntu 12.10 ? What should I do to have Ubuntu 12.10 and Windows 7 in dual boot again? Thanks; Thales.

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  • Rotate a vector

    - by marc wellman
    I want my first-person camera to smoothly change its viewing direction from direction d1 to direction d2. The latter direction is indicated by a target position t2. So far I have implemented a rotation that works fine but the speed of the rotation slows down the closer the current direction gets to the desired one. This is what I want to avoid. Here are the two very simple methods I have written so far: // this method initiates the direction change and sets the parameter public void LookAt(Vector3 target) { _desiredDirection = target - _cameraPosition; _desiredDirection.Normalize(); _rotation = new Matrix(); _rotationAxis = Vector3.Cross(Direction, _desiredDirection); _isLooking = true; } // this method gets execute by the Update()-method if _isLooking flag is up. private void _lookingAt() { dist = Vector3.Distance(Direction, _desiredDirection); // check whether the current direction has reached the desired one. if (dist >= 0.00001f) { _rotationAxis = Vector3.Cross(Direction, _desiredDirection); _rotation = Matrix.CreateFromAxisAngle(_rotationAxis, MathHelper.ToRadians(1)); Direction = Vector3.TransformNormal(Direction, _rotation); } else { _onDirectionReached(); _isLooking = false; } } Again, rotation works fine; camera reaches its desired direction. But the speed is not equal over the course of movement - it slows down. How to achieve a rotation with constant speed ?

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  • During interviews, how do I gauge a company's respect for my position?

    - by Bluu
    I'm a web developer who previously joined a software company not knowing their value and respect went to big data analysis, not their website. Sure, they needed a public-facing website, but I eventually found that the most exciting, valued projects there went to data teams. Realizing this, members of the web team were picked off and switched teams, making it hard for those left behind to keep up the work load, and making us look bad. At times it seemed the company culture sneered at us, wondering, "What does that team even do here?" A friend of mine had the opposite problem at another software company. All he wanted to do was crunch big numbers. However he complained that the rest of the company wouldn't shut up about developing the usability of their website. Meanwhile his analytics team languished. I've also heard of salespeople getting love at a company, while engineering as a whole is undervalued, or vice versa. As for my story, if I could have known the company was like that, I might have avoided the job in the first place. So, before I join a new company, how do I gauge its actual respect for my programming role? For its other roles? I want to avoid companies that aren't serious about my particular focus in programming, or, perhaps bigger picture, companies that don't value everybody who works there. (Note I think gauging the company's attitude toward the basic needs of its programmers is covered by these related questions.)

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  • R12 Diagnostic Script for Purchasing Encumbrance Issues

    - by Oracle_EBS
    Do you have a Release 12 Purchasing document with an accounting encumbrance error?  Get all the relevant data in one step using the new diagnostic in DOC ID: 1483743.1 -  ‘R12: Diagnostic Script to help troubleshoot Purchasing Encumbrance Issues’.   Avoid the back and forth pinging with support for data collection.   Query the document id in My Oracle Support and add it to your Favorites using the star icon for quick access. The note includes when to use the script and how to use it.  The script will produce a user friendly html output that contains information relevant to encumbrance issues, along with some data validation checks to identify common data corruption issues on your document.  For example in this one diagnostic it will provide information on the following: Ø Cross Product Setup Ø Document Data Dump Ø Funds availability Ø Subledger accounting information Ø GL and AP Invoice Data Ø Debug and Trace This output is ideal for self service, as it provides known issues in the Data Validation section (related to the document) with links to key documentation.   Or the report can be uploaded to support when logging a Service Request. To see more about the diagnostic, attend our September 11, 2012 Webcast ‘Overview of Procurement Patching and New Tools for Issue Resolution’.  Visit Doc ID 1479718.1 to signup.  Note: This topic will not be listed as it has been just added.

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  • Choosing the Database Solution for Large Data Application

    - by GµårÐïåñ
    I have been tasked to write an application that will be a combination of document and inventory management in VB.net which will be used to store document images in TIFF, PDF, XPS, TXT, DOC, PPT and so on as binary data that can be retrieved for viewing, printing, and possible OCR to be searchable as well along with meta data such as sender, recipient, type of document, date, source, etc. So the table would probably be something like: DOC_NAME, DOC_DATE, NOTES, ... DOC_BINARY (where the actual document will be put inside) What my concern is finding a database solution that will not become unstable due to size restrictions, records limitations and performance. Some of the options are MS_SQL, SQL Express, SQLite, mySQL, and Access. Now I can pretty much eliminate Access right off the bat as it is just too limiting and not scalable. I can further eliminate SQL Express because of the 2 GB limit and again scalability. So that leaves me with MS_SQL, SQLite and mySQL (although if anyone has other options they think would be good as well, please feel free to share them, by no means am I set on these only). So this brings me to what you guys think is the best option for what I have described. The goal is that the data is all in one place (a single file) that will make backup and portability easier. For small volume usage, pretty much any solution will hold for a while, but my goal is to think ahead and make sure its able to withstand heavy large volume usage as well. Another consideration is also the interoperability with .NET and stability of such code to avoid errors and memory leaks. Your feedback would be greatly appreciated.

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  • How can state changes be batched while adhering to opaque-front-to-back/alpha-blended-back-to-front?

    - by Sion Sheevok
    This is a question I've never been able to find the answer to. Batching objects with similar states is a major performance gain when rendering many objects. However, I've been learned various rules when drawing objects in the game world. Draw all opaque objects, front-to-back. Draw all alpha-blended objects, back-to-front. Some of the major parameters to batch by, as I understand it, are textures, vertex buffers, and index buffers. It seems that, as long as you are adhering to the above two rules, there's little to be done in regards to batching. I see one possibility to batch, while still adhering to the above two rules. Opaque objects can still be drawn out of depth-order, because drawing them front-to-back is merely a fillrate optimization, meanwhile state changes may very well be far more expensive than the overdraw of drawing out of depth-order. However, non-opaque objects, those that require alpha-blending at least, must be drawn back-to-front in order to avoid rendering artifacts. Is the loss of the fillrate optimization for opaques worth the state batching optimization?

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  • Should I not show all my skills?

    - by Cracker
    I have been programming for a very long time and I have in depth knowledge of several technologies. Recently I applied for a web development job and in my resume I had listed all the skills - HTML, CSS, JavaScript, jQuery, AJAX, PHP, ASP, JSP, C/C++, ARM. Except for C/C++ and ARM I had shown the skill level for all technologies as expert. Many of my friends had applied for the same job and they did not have any web development experience. ALL of them got a call for interview. However I got a rejection saying that we have received applications from very high level candidates and you have not be selected to go to the next level. This has seriously demotivated me. I do not understand why I have been rejected when I had all the required skills and all those who did not have any of the skills have been selected. One reason which I think is that the employer might be thinking that how one person can be an expert in all the technologies. Once in another interview I was told by the HR manager that it is unbelievable that you know ASP, JSP and PHP all in depth as we have different programmers for each of the technology. Such incidents make me very unhappy as in spite of being highly capable of the position I am rejected. Should I not list all my skills in the resume to avoid such situations?

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  • Are scheduled job servers the right choice for a time sensitive game engine?

    - by maple_shaft
    I am currently architecting and designing an exciting new web application that will be entering into some areas that I have very little experience in, game development. The application is not necessarily a game, but there are some very time sensitive tasks and scheduled jobs that a server will need to run to perform game related activities (Eg. New match up starts at noon every day for a 12 day tournament, updating scoreboards at 5pm every day, etc...) In the past I have typically used cron jobs with the Quartz Scheduler running within a web application server, but I know that this isn't likely a scalable solution for the truly massive userbase that management is telling me to expect (Granted they are management and are probably highly optimistic about this) and also for how important the role of these tasks are in this web application. The other important thing I want to consider is that I want to avoid SPOF (Single Point Of Failure). If the primary job server goes down, another job server should be able to successfully run the job in its place. I suppose this can be done appropriately record locking and database transactions. My question is if scheduled jobs like CRON running on a web application server are a wise design choice given the time sensitive game tasks of this application, or is there something more appropriate for running a scalable game engine parallel to the web application servers?

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  • Pure functional programming and game state

    - by Fu86
    Is there a common technique to handle state (in general) in a functional programming language? There are solutions in every (functional) programming language to handle global state, but I want to avoid this as far as I could. All state in a pure functional manner are function parameters. So I need to put the whole game state (a gigantic hashmap with the world, players, positions, score, assets, enemies, ...)) as a parameter to all functions which wants to manipulate the world on a given input or trigger. The function itself picks the relevant information from the gamestate blob, do something with it, manipulate the gamestate and return the gamestate. But this looks like a poor mans solution for the problem. If I put the whole gamestate into all functions, there is no benefit for me in contrast to global variables or the imperative approach. I could put just the relevant information into the functions and return the actions which will be taken for the given input. And one single function apply all the actions to the gamestate. But most functions need a lot of "relevant" information. move() need the object position, the velocity, the map for collision, position of all enemys, current health, ... So this approach does not seem to work either. So my question is how do I handle the massive amount of state in a functional programming language -- especially for game development?

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  • What is the most efficient way to add and remove Slick2D sprites?

    - by kirchhoff
    I'm making a game in Java with Slick2D and I want to create planes which shoots: int maxBullets = 40; static int bullet = 0; Missile missile[] = new Missile[maxBullets]; I want to create/move my missiles in the most efficient way, I would appreciate your advise: public void shoot() throws SlickException{ if(bullet<maxBullets){ if(missile[bullet] != null){ missile[bullet].resetLocation(plane.getCenterX(), plane.getCenterY(), plane.image.getRotation()); }else{ missile[bullet] = new Missile("resources/missile.png", plane.getCenterX(), plane.getCenterY(), plane.image.getRotation()); } }else{ bullet = 0; missile[bullet].resetLocation(plane.getCenterX(), plane.getCenterY(), plane.image.getRotation()); } bullet++; } I created the method resetLocation in my Missile class in order to avoid loading again the resource. Is it correct? In the update method I've got this to move all the missiles: if(bullet > 0 && bullet < maxBullets){ float hyp = 0.4f * delta; if(bullet == 1){ missile[0].move(hyp); }else{ for(int x = 0; x<bullet; x++){ missile[x].move(hyp); } } }

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  • C# XNA 2D Multiple boxes collision detection and movement

    - by zini
    Hi, I've been making simple game where you shoot boxes that are coming towards you. All game objects are simple rectangles. Now I have problem with collision detection; how to check where the collision comes so I can change the coordinates right? I have this kind of situation: http://imgur.com/8yjfW Imagine that all of those blocks are moving towards you (green box). If those orange boxes collide with each other, they should "avoid" themselves and not go through each other. I have class Enemy which has properties x, y and such. Now I'm doing the collision like this: // os.Count is an amount of other enemies colliding with this enemy if (os.Count == 0) { // If enemy doesn't collide with other enemy lasty = y; lastx = x; slope = (x - player.x) / (y - player.y); x += slope * l; // l is "movement speed" of enemy (float) if (y > player.y) { y = lasty; } else if (y < player.y) { y += l; } } else { foreach(Enemy b in os) { if (b.y > this.y) { // If some colliding enemy is closer player than this enemy, that closer one will be moved towards the player b.lasty = b.y; if (!BiggestY(os)) { // BiggestY returns true if this enemy has the biggest Y b.y += b.l; } b.x = b.lastx; } } } But this is very, very bad way to do this. I know it, but I just can't figure out other way. And as a matter in fact, this method doesn't even work pretty good; if multiple enemies are colliding same enemy they go through each other. I explained this pretty badly, but I hope that you understand this. And to sum up, as I said: How to check where the collision comes so I can change the coordinates right?

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  • GRUB2 stuck at rescue console, showing "unknown filesystem" for all partitions

    - by AndiDog
    I installed Ubuntu 12.04 on my external USB drive, where I have a 700GB NTFS partition followed by the new 6GB ext4 partition and a swap partition (all primary). The GRUB MBR is also installed to the external hard disk. Since my BIOS puts the external drive as first disk when booting, I removed my internal hard disk before installation in order to avoid ordering problems. Now when I boot from the external drive, GRUB is stuck at the rescue console with the error "unknown filesystem". grub rescue> ls (hd0) (hd0,msdos3) (hd0,msdos2) (hd0,msdos1) ls (hd0,<any of them>)/ gives me "unknown filesystem", thus also "insmod normal" GRUB doesn't seem to be able to read my Linux partition as you can see above?! How can I solve this? Additional info: bootinfoscript says (this is with the internal drive in again, but that does not make a difference): Grub2 (v1.99) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdb and looks at sector 1 of the same hard drive for core.img. core.img is at this location and looks for (,msdos2)/boot/grub on this drive. sdb1: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7: NTFS Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files: sdb2: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: ext4 Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: Operating System: Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab /boot/grub/core.img sdb3: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: swap Boot sector type: - Boot sector info:

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