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  • Some doubts about the use of usermod and groupmod command

    - by AndreaNobili
    I am not yet a true "Linux guy" and I have the following doubts about how exactly do the following shell procedure (a list of commands steps) founded in a tutorial that I am following (I want deeply understand what I am doing before do it): sudo passwd root then login again as root usermod -l miner pi usermod -m -d /home/miner miner groupmod -n miner pi exit So at the beginning it enable the root account and I have to login again in the system as root...this is perfectly clear for me. And now I have the followings doubts: 1) The usermod command: usermod -l miner pi usermod -m -d /home/miner miner Reading the official documentation of the usermod command I understand that this command modify the informations related to an existing account Reading the documentation it seems to me that the -l parmether modify the name of the user pi in miner and then the -m -d paramether move the contents of the old home directory to the new one (named miner) and use this new directory as home directory My doubt is: what exactly do the executions of these operation? I think that: Rename the existing pi user in miner Then move the content of the old home directory (the pi home directory? or what?) into a new directory (/home/miner) that now is the home directory for the miner user. Is it right? The the second doubt is related to this command groupmod -n miner pi It seems to me that change the group name from pi in miner But what exactly is a group in Linux and why is it used? Tnx

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  • Refreshing Windows Media library by command line

    - by dangowans
    Many file download managers allow you to run a command after your download finishes. Is there a command line to run a Windows Media Player 12 library refresh? Videos don't show up in the available list on my PS3 until the library is refreshed. Right now, I manually open Windows Media Player after the downloads finish, watch the bottom-right corner for the refresh to complete (ie. Update Complete), then close the player. This works, but there has to be a better way. Yes, I know PS3 Media Server would do the trick, and I do use it when I need to transcode something, but WMP is running all the time, so I'd like to take advantage of it.

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  • Setting 'bookmarks' for command prompt on Windows XP

    - by The Communist Duck
    I know I can change the command prompt to startup on C:\ rather than F:\Documents And Settings or wherever. But I was wondering if it's possible to set bookmarks or some other command that allows me to switch to locations. For example, my Python projects have a long (about 7 subdirectories) address (think that's the word), and as such it takes a while to cd to them. What I would like to do is something like gotodirectory PythonProjects , and have it cd to where I have specified this, be it C:\WINDOWS or F:\Games\Steam\steamapps\common\some game\some game data\some more game data.

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  • What is a good way to get back to the command prompt discarding STDOUT and STDERR

    - by elementz
    I often launch applications from the cli via e.g. command & to immediately get back to the prompt back. The downside of this is, that I still get STDOUT and STDERR. So I use command &> /dev/null to discard those outputs. This can get quite a chore, when having to write this often during a day. So my question is, is there a better (read shorter) way to discard of STDOUT and STDERR when not needed? What could be done? write a wrapper script to launch applications? What would be an elegant way to do this?

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  • Linux boot on a raid1 software raid ?

    - by azera
    Hello I am trying to convert my single disk boot to a raid1 boot So far here is what i have: I sucessfully create the raid 1 as degraded with the new drive alone, I copied all the data on it I can mount that raid 1, see its files etc I already have a raid5 that is working on the same box (although not booting on it) I have installed grub on both drive When grub boot, it loads the kernel alright, but during the kernel boot it fails to load the "root block device" The kernel tells me : 1 - detected that root device is an md device 2 - determining root devices 3 - mounting root 4 - mounting /dev/md125 on /newroot failed: input/output error. Please enter another root device: ... At this point, if I enter /dev/sda3 (my "old" root device that isn't converted to raid yet) everything boots fine without the root. The /dev/md125 device is indeed created but it seems to be created after the error happens, as in it creates it after loading the device, when mdadm is loaded. Somehow it looks like it can't/doesn't load the raid array before it needs to mount it, and I don't know how I can solve that. My config files (taken from the system once it boots with sda3 as root device): $ cat /etc/mdadm.conf ARRAY /dev/md/md0-r5 metadata=0.90 UUID=1a118934:c831bdb3:64188b84:66721085 ARRAY /dev/md125 metadata=0.90 UUID=48ec4190:a80d4dde:64188b84:66721085 $ cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid0] [raid10] md125 : active raid1 sdc3[1] 477853312 blocks [2/1] [_U] md127 : active raid5 sdd[0] sdf[3] sdb[2] sde[1] 4395415488 blocks level 5, 64k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/4] [UUUU] unused devices: <none> $ cat /boot/grub/menu.lst default 0 timeout 8 splashimage=(hd0,0)/boot/grub/splash.xpm.gz title Gentoo Linux 2.6.31-r10 root (hd0,0) #kernel /boot/kernel-genkernel-x86_64-2.6.31-gentoo-r10 root=/dev/ram0 real_root=/dev/sda3 kernel /boot/kernel-genkernel-x86_64-2.6.31-gentoo-r10 root=/dev/md125 md=125,/dev/sdc3,/dev/sda3 initrd /boot/initramfs-genkernel-x86_64-2.6.31-gentoo-r10 # blkid /dev/sda1: UUID="89fee223-b845-4e0a-8a0b-e6cf695d5bcf" TYPE="ext2" /dev/sda2: UUID="a72296a8-d7d4-447f-a34b-ee920fd1a767" TYPE="swap" /dev/sda3: UUID="97eb0a6a-c385-4a9d-bf74-c0bab1fa4dc1" TYPE="ext3" /dev/sdb: UUID="1a118934-c831-bdb3-6418-8b8466721085" TYPE="linux_raid_member" /dev/sdc1: UUID="d36537fd-19a0-b8a3-6418-8b8466721085" TYPE="linux_raid_member" /dev/sdd: UUID="1a118934-c831-bdb3-6418-8b8466721085" TYPE="linux_raid_member" /dev/sde: UUID="1a118934-c831-bdb3-6418-8b8466721085" TYPE="linux_raid_member" /dev/md127: UUID="13a41589-4cf1-4c04-91ca-37484182c783" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sdf: UUID="1a118934-c831-bdb3-6418-8b8466721085" TYPE="linux_raid_member" /dev/sdc2: UUID="a1916397-1b48-45d7-9f98-73aa521e882f" TYPE="swap" /dev/sdc3: UUID="48ec4190-a80d-4dde-6418-8b8466721085" TYPE="linux_raid_member" /dev/md125: UUID="c947ed64-1d4d-4d1d-b4d2-24669fff916e" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3" # mdadm -E mdadm: No devices to examine # fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0xe975e9fc Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 5 40131 83 Linux /dev/sda2 6 1311 10490445 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 1312 60801 477853425 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdc: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0xe975e9fc Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 1 5 40131 83 Linux /dev/sdc2 6 1311 10490445 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdc3 1312 60801 477853425 83 Linux Disk /dev/md125: 489.3 GB, 489321791488 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 119463328 cylinders Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md125 doesn't contain a valid partition table

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  • Forwarding RDP via a Linux machine using iptables: Not working

    - by Nimmy Lebby
    I have a Linux machine and a Windows machine behind a router that implements NAT (the diagram might be overkill, but was fun to make): I am forwarding RDP port (3389) on the router to the Linux machine because I want to audit RDP connections. For the Linux machine to forward RDP traffic, I wrote these iptables rules: iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 3389 -j DNAT --to-destination win-box iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp --dport 3389 -j ACCEPT The port is listening on the Windows machine: C:\Users\nimmy>netstat -a Active Connections Proto Local Address Foreign Address State (..snip..) TCP 0.0.0.0:3389 WIN-BOX:0 LISTENING (..snip..) And the port is forwarding on the Linux machine: # tcpdump port 3389 tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes 01:33:11.451663 IP shieldsup.grc.com.56387 > linux-box.myapt.lan.ms-wbt-server: Flags [S], seq 94663035, win 8192, options [mss 1460], length 0 01:33:11.451846 IP shieldsup.grc.com.56387 > win-box.myapt.lan.ms-wbt-server: Flags [S], seq 94663035, win 8192, options [mss 1460], length 0 However, I am not getting any successful RDP connections from the outside. The port is not even responding: C:\Users\outside-nimmy>telnet example.com 3389 Connecting To example.com...Could not open connection to the host, on port 3389: Connect failed Any ideas? Update Per @Zhiqiang Ma, I looked at nf_conntrack proc file during a connection attempt and this is what I see (192.168.3.1 = linux-box, 192.168.3.5 = win-box): # cat /proc/net/nf_conntrack | grep 3389 ipv4 2 tcp 6 118 SYN_SENT src=4.79.142.206 dst=192.168.3.1 sport=43142 dport=3389 packets=6 bytes=264 [UNREPLIED] src=192.168.3.5 dst=4.79.142.206 sport=3389 dport=43142 packets=0 bytes=0 mark=0 secmark=0 zone=0 use=2 2nd update Got tcpdump on the router and it seems that win-box is sending an RST packet: 21:20:24.767792 IP shieldsup.grc.com.45349 > linux-box.myapt.lan.3389: S 19088743:19088743(0) win 8192 <mss 1460> 21:20:24.768038 IP shieldsup.grc.com.45349 > win-box.myapt.lan.3389: S 19088743:19088743(0) win 8192 <mss 1460> 21:20:24.770674 IP win-box.myapt.lan.3389 > shieldsup.grc.com.45349: R 721745706:721745706(0) ack 755785049 win 0 Why would Windows be doing this?

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  • Monitor number of bytes transferred to/from IP address on port.

    - by Mike
    Can anyone recommend a linux command line tool to monitor the number of bytes transferred between the local server and a specified IP address/port. The equivalent tcpdump command would be: tcpdump -s 0 -i any -w mycapture.trc port 80 host google.com which outputs : 46 packets captured 131 packets received by filter 0 packets dropped by kernel I'd like something similar that outputs: 54 bytes out, 176 bytes in I'd like it to work on RHEL and be free/open-source. It would be good if there was an existing tool which I was just missing too!

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  • Find directories that do not contain a directory?

    - by erikcw
    I'm trying to figure out how to use the linux "find" command (or another command that will get the job done) to return a list of file paths/directories that do not contain a directory of a certain name. ~/web/domain1.com/public_html/bar ~/web/domain2.com/public_html/ ~/web/domain3.com/public_html/bar ~/web/domain4.com/public_html/ I want all of the paths that don't contain the directory named "bar" (domain2.com and domain4.com). Any idea how I can get find to output such a list? Thanks!

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  • File / Application association using a custom command is gone?

    - by Christian Vielma
    In previous Ubuntus when you want to select/change an application to open a specific file (right-click/open with other application or properties) you were able to write a custom command to open the file. This was very useful, but now in 11.10 I can't find this option, it only shows me a list of applications and a button to look for applications in Internet. Is there a way to restore the command line to write custom commands to open files?

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  • How to override the system locale on a single command?

    - by Alistair Buxton
    When helping someone we often ask them to show the output of a command eg: sudo fdisk -l | pastebinit If the user is not using an English locale, the output may be in a foreign language: Disk /dev/sda: 750.2 GB, 750156374016 bytes 255 huvuden, 63 sektorer/spår, 91201 cylindrar, totalt 1465149168 sektor This complicates support. How can one run a command with an override on the system locale to get English output?

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  • Meta package / quick reference for command line string manipulation tools?

    - by Dylan McCall
    The latest version of the Scribes text editor lets us select some text, hit Alt+X, and then run an arbitrary command. For example, I can run the sort command and the selected text is replaced appropriately. This is quite useful but I am also not very well-versed in awk and the like. Is there something I can grab that will provide more of these commands like sort? Maybe a package with a whole bunch of handy, task-specific string manipulation commands?

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  • Why did this command ":(){ :|: & };:" make my system lag so bad I had to reboot?

    - by blade19899
    Danger! Do not run this command to "test" it unless you are prepared for a crash and/or force-rebooting your system I was in my Virtualbox running 12.04 trying to compile an app, and while waiting I happened to chance upon a forum where a comment said: Try :(){ :|: & };: Fun, too, and doesn't need root. Without thinking I ran it in my gnome-terminal it made my 12.04 virtualbox lag so badly I had to shut it down. My question is what does this command do? :(){ :|: & };:

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  • Why did the command ":(){ :|: & };:" make my system lag so badly I had to reboot?

    - by blade19899
    Danger! Do not run this command to "test" it unless you are prepared for a crash and/or force-rebooting your system I was in my Virtualbox running 12.04 trying to compile an app, and while waiting I happened to chance upon a forum where a comment said: Try :(){ :|: & };: Fun, too, and doesn't need root. Without thinking I ran it in my gnome-terminal it made my 12.04 virtualbox lag so badly I had to shut it down. My question is what does this command do? :(){ :|: & };:

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  • What is the relationship between the command line, the OS and the microprocessor? [closed]

    - by ssbrewster
    I'm not totally clear on how using the command line differs from working through the OS' interface using an editor for example. Obviously the UI is different but I want to understand how the command line interacts with the kernel and microprocessor, and how this compares to how kernel interfaces with the OS' GUI. I know I'm missing several layers of abstraction but would be grateful for someone to explain this.

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  • security issue of Linux sudo command?

    - by George2
    Hello everyone, 1. I am using Red Hat Enterprise 5 Linux box. I find if a user is in /etc/sudoers file, then if the user run command with sudo, the user will run this command with root privilege (without knowing root password, the user runs sudo only need to input the user's own password in order to run a command with sudo). Is that correct understanding? 2. If yes, then is it a security hole? Since users other than root could run with root privilege? thanks in advance, George

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  • Starting and stopping X11 and LXDE from command line

    - by Radian
    I have a Raspberry Pi with Debian Wheezy (Raspbian) and so far I've managed to learn quite a lot about Linux just playing around, but I have a few questions for all you seasoned Linux pros out there. 1) From command line, if I execute startx, X11 will launch followed by LXDE. If I had a monitor connected, I'm imagining I would see a transition from command line to the desktop environment. Can I launch X11 first with x, then start LXDE on top of X11 afterwards with /etc/init.d/lxdm start (is this correct?) and get to the same result as startx? 2) Instead, let's say I executed /etc/init.d/lxdm start alone, would X11 start automatically (since LXDE relies on X11)? 3) From desktop, if I CTRL+ALT+F1 to get back to command line, then I should be able to shutdown LXDE using /etc/init.d/lxdm stop. Does X11 automatically close with the termination of LXDE? 4) What is the proper/safe way to shutdown X11? Thanks

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  • Linux - How to run Firefox with AT command

    - by conualfy
    I try to run a specified command on a desired time. I found at for this, and it seems to work fine if I run: echo "ls -al / > /home/florin/test.txt" | at 4:21am But I want to run a different thing: /usr/bin/firefox -new-tab http://google.ro I tried adapting the first line with my action (running it in terminal opens a new Firefox tab with http://google.ro, so the command is correct), but with at, it does not work: echo "firefox -new-tab http://google.ro" | at 4:23am The task seems to be scheduled, but it does not run. When running the previous line I get the default reply from at: warning: commands will be executed using /bin/sh Should my Firefox command be differently run in sh? Is there a way to do my action with at, or some other way? Thanks a lot!

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  • SCP command Clarification

    - by david.colais
    I'm using the scp commands to pull some files from the remote server and one variation of the command is not working. I have 2 files names one.xml and two.xml in a remote server and I'm pulling these two files into the current dir using the following command: scp [email protected]:/student/class/Intermediate/one.xml . scp [email protected]:/student/class/Intermediate/two.xml . The above command works fine but if I use wildcards to pull all the xml files in a single shot as shown below it returns scp: No match. scp [email protected]:/student/class/Intermediate/*.xml . Why is it working if I pull the files individually and not working if I try to pull using wildcards.

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  • Execute a SQlite command with Entity Framework

    - by Filimindji
    Hi everybody, I use a SQLite database and Entity Framework (with .net framework 3.5). I'm trying to execute a simple SQL non query command to create a new table in this datase. My Entity Framework already contains the object model for this table : I just want to generate the corresponding table using a command. (By the way, there is maybe a better way to do this. Any ideas someone :) My problem is that I'm not able to execute any command, even the simple commands. Here is my code : EntityConnection entityConnection = new EntityConnection(entitiesConnectionString); Entities db = new Entities(entityConnection); DbCommand command = db.Connection.CreateCommand(); command.CommandText ="CREATE TABLE MyTable (Id int NOT NULL, OtherTable_Id nchar(40) REFERENCES OtherTable (Id) On Delete CASCADE On Update NO ACTION, SomeData nvarchar(1024) NOT NULL, Primary Key(Id) );"; command.ExecuteNonQuery(); I got this error : System.Data.EntitySqlException: The query syntax is not valid., near identifier 'TABLE', line 1, column 8. at System.Data.Common.EntitySql.CqlParser.yyerror(String s) at System.Data.Common.EntitySql.CqlParser.yyparse() at System.Data.Common.EntitySql.CqlParser.Parse(String query) at System.Data.Common.EntitySql.CqlQuery.Parse(String query, ParserOptions parserOptions) at System.Data.Common.EntitySql.CqlQuery.Compile(String query, Perspective perspective, ParserOptions parserOptions, Dictionary`2 parameters, Dictionary`2 variables, Boolean validateTree) at System.Data.EntityClient.EntityCommand.MakeCommandTree() at System.Data.EntityClient.EntityCommand.CreateCommandDefinition() at System.Data.EntityClient.EntityCommand.TryGetEntityCommandDefinitionFromQueryCache(EntityCommandDefinition& entityCommandDefinition) at System.Data.EntityClient.EntityCommand.GetCommandDefinition() at System.Data.EntityClient.EntityCommand.InnerPrepare() at System.Data.EntityClient.EntityCommand.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior behavior) at System.Data.EntityClient.EntityCommand.ExecuteScalar[T_Result](Func`2 resultSelector) It's seem to be a syntax error, but I can't figure where is the problem and how to resolve it. The entityConnection is ok because I can use any entities generated with EF. I tried with another simple command, but it throw another exception : DbCommand command = db.Connection.CreateCommand(); command.CommandText = "SELECT COUNT(Id) From OtherTable;"; int result = (int)command.ExecuteScalar(); And I got this error, witch is not the same, but may help : System.Data.EntitySqlException: 'Groupe' could not be resolved in the current scope or context. Make sure that all referenced variables are in scope, that required schemas are loaded, and that namespaces are referenced correctly., near simple identifier, line 1, column 23. at System.Data.Common.EntitySql.CqlErrorHelper.ReportIdentifierError(Expr expr, SemanticResolver sr) at System.Data.Common.EntitySql.SemanticAnalyzer.ConvertIdentifier(Expr expr, SemanticResolver sr) at System.Data.Common.EntitySql.SemanticAnalyzer.Convert(Expr astExpr, SemanticResolver sr) at System.Data.Common.EntitySql.SemanticAnalyzer.ProcessAliasedFromClauseItem(AliasExpr aliasedExpr, SemanticResolver sr) at System.Data.Common.EntitySql.SemanticAnalyzer.ProcessFromClauseItem(FromClauseItem fromClauseItem, SemanticResolver sr) at System.Data.Common.EntitySql.SemanticAnalyzer.ProcessFromClause(FromClause fromClause, SemanticResolver sr) at System.Data.Common.EntitySql.SemanticAnalyzer.ConvertQuery(Expr expr, SemanticResolver sr) at System.Data.Common.EntitySql.SemanticAnalyzer.Convert(Expr astExpr, SemanticResolver sr) at System.Data.Common.EntitySql.SemanticAnalyzer.ConvertRootExpression(Expr astExpr, SemanticResolver sr) at System.Data.Common.EntitySql.SemanticAnalyzer.ConvertGeneralExpression(Expr astExpr, SemanticResolver sr) at System.Data.Common.EntitySql.CqlQuery.AnalyzeSemantics(Expr astExpr, Perspective perspective, ParserOptions parserOptions, Dictionary`2 parameters, Dictionary`2 variables) at System.Data.Common.EntitySql.CqlQuery.Compile(String query, Perspective perspective, ParserOptions parserOptions, Dictionary`2 parameters, Dictionary`2 variables, Boolean validateTree) at System.Data.EntityClient.EntityCommand.MakeCommandTree() at System.Data.EntityClient.EntityCommand.CreateCommandDefinition() at System.Data.EntityClient.EntityCommand.TryGetEntityCommandDefinitionFromQueryCache(EntityCommandDefinition& entityCommandDefinition) at System.Data.EntityClient.EntityCommand.GetCommandDefinition() at System.Data.EntityClient.EntityCommand.InnerPrepare() at System.Data.EntityClient.EntityCommand.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior behavior) at System.Data.EntityClient.EntityCommand.ExecuteScalar[T_Result](Func`2 resultSelector)

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  • How to find username on remote computer?

    - by Neil
    I have the IP addresses of some computers on my network. Is there any command line tool like PsExec, which can take the IP Address as input and find out the username of the currently logged in user? I can install stuff on my workstation, but not the others. I can also run Metasploit / NMap / any other such program on my workstation.

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  • ffmpeg works on terminal not with PHP exec

    - by goliatone
    If I execute a ffmpeg command from terminal, I get the desired result: ffmpeg -i src.mp4 -ar 22050 -ab 32 -f flv -s 320x240 video.flv Terminal's output ... video:3404kB audio:1038kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead 2.966904% Then, if called via PHP exec: exec("ffmpeg -i src.mp4 -ar 22050 -ab 32 -f flv -s 320x240 video.flv", $o, $v); var_dump($o); var_dump($v); the output is: array(0) { } int(1) Any thoughts on how to approach this?

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  • How can I tell if Windows is running in Safe Mode?

    - by cwd
    I have a Windows server that will sometimes reboot into safe mode after updates. I'm working on that issue but what I'd really like to know is how can I check to see if Windows is running in safe mode or not. Ideally I would like to incorporate it into a script that would send a passive check to our Nagios box with the status. Is there some environmental variable I can use or some way to get this information via the command line?

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  • Programatic re-evalutation of MVVM command's "can execute" state

    - by dzs
    Hello! I'm writing a WPF application using the MVVM pattern, based on the following article: WPF Apps With The Model-View-ViewModel Design Pattern I have two buttons on my View with the buttons' "Command" property bound (with data binding) to a given instance of the RelayCommand class (see "Figure 3 The RelayCommand Class" from the article above). The RelayCommand class has support for checking whether the given command can be executed. WPF automatically disables buttons whose command cannot be executed. Each of my commands (in the ViewModel class) start a background operation, and the command cannot be executed again until the background operation is finished. The RelayCommand instances have information whether the background operation is still working or it is finished. My problem is the following: after pressing the any of the buttons, the buttons automaticaly go disabled (which is OK) because the background operation started and the command cannot be executed until it is finished, but after the operation had finished, the buttons don't go enabled automatically because their command's "can be executed" predicate is not automatically reevaluated. The reevaluation can be manually triggered by having the application loose and regain focus (by pressing ALT+TAB). After doing this trick, the buttons get enabled once again. How can I programatically reevaluate the buttons' command's "can execute" state?

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