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  • Django and conditional aggregates

    - by piquadrat
    I have two models, authors and articles: class Author(models.Model): name = models.CharField('name', max_length=100) class Article(models.Model) title = models.CharField('title', max_length=100) pubdate = models.DateTimeField('publication date') authors = models.ManyToManyField(Author) Now I want to select all authors and annotate them with their respective article count. That's a piece of cake with Django's aggregates. Problem is, it should only count the articles that are already published. According to ticket 11305 in the Django ticket tracker, this is not yet possible. I tried to use the CountIf annotation mentioned in that ticket, but it doesn't quote the datetime string and doesn't make all the joins it would need. So, what's the best solution, other than writing custom SQL?

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  • List of Django model instance foreign keys losing consistency during state changes.

    - by Joshua
    I have model, Match, with two foreign keys: class Match(model.Model): winner = models.ForeignKey(Player) loser = models.ForeignKey(Player) When I loop over Match I find that each model instance uses a unique object for the foreign key. This ends up biting me because it introduces inconsistency, here is an example: >>> def print_elo(match_list): ... for match in match_list: ... print match.winner.id, match.winner.elo ... print match.loser.id, match.loser.elo ... >>> print_elo(teacher_match_list) 4 1192.0000000000 2 1192.0000000000 5 1208.0000000000 2 1192.0000000000 5 1208.0000000000 4 1192.0000000000 >>> teacher_match_list[0].winner.elo = 3000 >>> print_elo(teacher_match_list) 4 3000 # Object 4 2 1192.0000000000 5 1208.0000000000 2 1192.0000000000 5 1208.0000000000 4 1192.0000000000 # Object 4 >>> I solved this problem like so: def unify_refrences(match_list): """Makes each unique refrence to a model instance non-unique. In cases where multiple model instances are being used django creates a new object for each model instance, even if it that means creating the same instance twice. If one of these objects has its state changed any other object refrencing the same model instance will not be updated. This method ensure that state changes are seen. It makes sure that variables which hold objects pointing to the same model all hold the same object. Visually this means that a list of [var1, var2] whose internals look like so: var1 --> object1 --> model1 var2 --> object2 --> model1 Will result in the internals being changed so that: var1 --> object1 --> model1 var2 ------^ """ match_dict = {} for match in match_list: try: match.winner = match_dict[match.winner.id] except KeyError: match_dict[match.winner.id] = match.winner try: match.loser = match_dict[match.loser.id] except KeyError: match_dict[match.loser.id] = match.loser My question: Is there a way to solve the problem more elegantly through the use of QuerySets without needing to call save at any point? If not, I'd like to make the solution more generic: how can you get a list of the foreign keys on a model instance or do you have a better generic solution to my problem? Please correct me if you think I don't understand why this is happening.

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  • Munging non-printable characters to dots using string.translate()

    - by Jim Dennis
    So I've done this before and it's a surprising ugly bit of code for such a seemingly simple task. The goal is to translate any non-printable character into a . (dot). For my purposes "printable" does exclude the last few characters from string.printable (new-lines, tabs, and so on). This is for printing things like the old MS-DOS debug "hex dump" format ... or anything similar to that (where additional whitespace will mangle the intended dump layout). I know I can use string.translate() and, to use that, I need a translation table. So I use string.maketrans() for that. Here's the best I could come up with: filter = string.maketrans( string.translate(string.maketrans('',''), string.maketrans('',''),string.printable[:-5]), '.'*len(string.translate(string.maketrans('',''), string.maketrans('',''),string.printable[:-5]))) ... which is an unreadable mess (though it does work). From there you can call use something like: for each_line in sometext: print string.translate(each_line, filter) ... and be happy. (So long as you don't look under the hood). Now it is more readable if I break that horrid expression into separate statements: ascii = string.maketrans('','') # The whole ASCII character set nonprintable = string.translate(ascii, ascii, string.printable[:-5]) # Optional delchars argument filter = string.maketrans(nonprintable, '.' * len(nonprintable)) And it's tempting to do that just for legibility. However, I keep thinking there has to be a more elegant way to express this!

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  • Favorite Django Tips & Features?

    - by Haes
    Inspired by the question series 'Hidden features of ...', I am curious to hear about your favorite Django tips or lesser known but useful features you know of. Please, include only one tip per answer. Add Django version requirements if there are any.

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  • do I need to use partial?

    - by wiso
    I've a general function, for example (only a simplified example): def do_operation(operation, a, b, name): print name do_something_more(a,b,name, operation(a,b)) def operation_x(a,b): return a**2 + b def operation_y(a,b): return a**10 - b/2. and some data: data = {"first": {"name": "first summation", "a": 10, "b": 20, "operation": operation_x}, "second": {"name": "second summation", "a": 20, "b": 50, "operation": operation_y}, "third": {"name": "third summation", "a": 20, "b": 50, "operation": operation_x}, # <-- operation_x again } now I can do: what_to_do = ("first", "third") # this comes from command line for sum_id in what_to_do: do_operation(data["operation"], data["a"], data["b"], data["name"]) or maybe it's better if I use functools.partial? from functools import partial do_operation_one = do_operation(name=data["first"]["name"], operation=data["first"]["operation"], a=data["first"]["a"], b=data["first"]["b"]) do_operation_two = do_operation(name=data["second"]["name"], operation=data["second"]["operation"] a=data["second"]["a"], b=data["second"]["b"]) do_operation_three = do_operation(name=data["third"]["name"], operation=data["third"]["operation"] a=data["third"]["a"], b=data["third"]["b"]) do_dictionary = { "first": do_operation_one, "second": do_operation_two, "third": do_operation_three } for what in what_to_do: do_dictionary[what]()

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  • Preserve time stamp when shrinking an image

    - by Ckhrysze
    My digital camera takes pictures with a very high resolution, and I have a PIL script to shrink them to 800x600 (or 600x800). However, it would be nice for the resultant file to retain the original timestamp. I noticed in the docs that I can use a File object instead of a name in PIL's image save method, but I don't know if that will help or not. My code is basically name, ext = os.path.splitext(filename) # open an image file (.bmp,.jpg,.png,.gif) you have in the working folder image = Image.open(filename) width = 800 height = 600 w, h = image.size if h > w: width = 600 height = 800 name = name + ".jpg" shunken = image.resize((width, height), Image.ANTIALIAS) shunken.save(name) Thank you for any help you can give!

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  • Sort and limit queryset by comment count and date using queryset.extra() (django)

    - by thornomad
    I am trying to sort/narrow a queryset of objects based on the number of comments each object has as well as by the timeframe during which the comments were posted. Am using a queryset.extra() method (using django_comments which utilizes generic foreign keys). I got the idea for using queryset.extra() (and the code) from here. This is a follow-up question to my initial question yesterday (which shows I am making some progress). Current Code: What I have so far works in that it will sort by the number of comments; however, I want to extend the functionality and also be able to pass a time frame argument (eg, 7 days) and return an ordered list of the most commented posts in that time frame. Here is what my view looks like with the basic functionality in tact: import datetime from django.contrib.comments.models import Comment from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType from django.db.models import Count, Sum from django.views.generic.list_detail import object_list def custom_object_list(request, queryset, *args, **kwargs): '''Extending the list_detail.object_list to allow some sorting. Example: http://example.com/video?sort_by=comments&days=7 Would get a list of the videos sorted by most comments in the last seven days. ''' try: # this is where I started working on the date business ... days = int(request.GET.get('days', None)) period = datetime.datetime.utcnow() - datetime.timedelta(days=int(days)) except (ValueError, TypeError): days = None period = None sort_by = request.GET.get('sort_by', None) ctype = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(queryset.model) if sort_by == 'comments': queryset = queryset.extra(select={ 'count' : """ SELECT COUNT(*) AS comment_count FROM django_comments WHERE content_type_id=%s AND object_pk=%s.%s """ % ( ctype.pk, queryset.model._meta.db_table, queryset.model._meta.pk.name ), }, order_by=['-count']).order_by('-count', '-created') return object_list(request, queryset, *args, **kwargs) What I've Tried: I am not well versed in SQL but I did try just to add another WHERE criteria by hand to see if I could make some progress: SELECT COUNT(*) AS comment_count FROM django_comments WHERE content_type_id=%s AND object_pk=%s.%s AND submit_date='2010-05-01 12:00:00' But that didn't do anything except mess around with my sort order. Any ideas on how I can add this extra layer of functionality? Thanks for any help or insight.

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  • Crossfading audio with PyQT4 and Phonon

    - by dwelch
    I'm trying to get audio files to crossfade with phonon. I'm using PyQT4. I have tracks queuing properly, but I'm stuck with the fade effect. I think I need to be using the KVolumeFader effect. Here's my current code: def music_play(self): self.delayedInit() self.m_media.setCurrentSource(Phonon.MediaSource(self.playlist[self.playlist_pos])) self.m_media.play() def music_stop(self): self.m_media.stop() def delayedInit(self): if not self.m_media: self.m_media = Phonon.MediaObject(self) audioOutput = Phonon.AudioOutput(Phonon.MusicCategory, self) Phonon.createPath(self.m_media, audioOutput) def enqueueNextSource(self): if len(self.playlist) >= self.playlist_pos+1: self.playlist_pos += 1 self.m_media.enqueue(Phonon.MediaSource(self.playlist[self.playlist_pos])) else: self.m_media.stop() Can anyone give me some advice on implementing the effect?

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  • Start PyGTK cellrenderer edit from code

    - by mkotechno
    I have a treeview with an editable CellRendererText: self.renderer = gtk.CellRendererText() self.renderer.set_property('editable', True) But now I need to launch the edition from code instead from user, this is to focus the user attention in the fact he just created a new row and needs to be named. I tried this but does not work: self.renderer.start_editing( gtk.gdk.Event(gtk.gdk.NOTHING), self.treeview, str(index), gtk.gdk.Rectangle(), gtk.gdk.Rectangle(), 0) Neither does not throw errors, but the documentation about for what is each argument is not clear, in fact I really don't know if start_editing method is for this. All suggestions are welcome, thanks.

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  • combining two select statements to return one result

    - by DalivDali
    I need to combine the results for two select queries from two view tables, from which I am performing calculations. Perhaps there is an easier way to perform a query using if...else - any pointers? Essentially I need to divide everything by 'ar.time_ratio' under the condition in sql query 1, and ignore that for query 2. SELECT gs.traffic_date, gs.domain_group, gs.clicks/ar.time_ratio as 'Scaled_clicks', gs.visitors/ar.time_ratio as 'scaled_visitors', gs.revenue/ar.time_ratio as 'scaled_revenue', (gs.revenue/gs.clicks)/ar.time_ratio as 'scaled_average_cpc', (gs.clicks)/(gs.visitors)/ar.time_ratio as 'scaled_ctr', gs.average_rpm/ar.time_ratio as 'scaled_rpm', (((gs.revenue)/(gs.visitors))/ar.time_ratio)*1000 as "Ecpm" FROM group_stats gs, v_active_ratio ar WHERE ar.group_id=gs.domain_group and SELECT gs.traffic_date, gs.domain_group, gs.clicks, gs.visitors, gs.revenue, (gs.revenue/gs.clicks) as 'average_cpc', (gs.clicks)/(gs.visitors) as 'average_ctr', gs.average_rpm, ((gs.revenue)/(gs.visitors))*1000 as "Ecpm" FROM group_stats gs, v_active_ratio ar where not ar.group_id=gs.domain_group

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  • How do I create self-relationships in polymorphic inheritance in Elixir and Pylons?

    - by Turukawa
    I am new to programming and am following the example in the Pylons documentation on creating a Wiki. The database I want to link to the wiki was created with Elixir so I rewrote the Wiki database schema and have continued from there. In the wiki there is a requirement for a Navigation table which is inherited by Pages and Sections. A section can have many pages, while a page can only have one section. In addition, each sibling node can be chain-referenced to each other. So: Nav has "section" (OneToMany) and "before" (OneToOne - to reference preceeding node) Page has "section" (ManyToOne - many pages in one section) and inherits "before" Section inherits all from Nav The code I've written looks like this: class Nav(Entity): using_options(inheritance='multi') name = Field(Unicode(30), default=u'Untitled Node') path = Field(Unicode(255), default=u'') section = OneToMany('Page', inverse='section') after = OneToOne('Nav', inverse='before') before = OneToMany('Nav', inverse='after') class Page(Nav): using_options(inheritance='multi') content = Field(UnicodeText, nullable=False) posted = Field(DateTime, default=now()) title = Field(Unicode(255), default=u'Untitled Page') heading = Field(Unicode(255)) tags = ManyToMany('Tag') comments = OneToMany('Comment') section = ManyToOne('Nav', inverse='section') class Section(Nav): using_options(inheritance='multi') Errors received on this: sqlalchemy.exc.OperationalError: (OperationalError) table nav has no column named aftr_id u'INSERT INTO nav (name, path, aftr_id, row_type) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)' I've also tried: before = ManyToMany('Nav', inverse='before') on Nav in the hopes this might break the problem, but also not. The original SQLAlchemy code from the tutorial for these declarations is as follows: nav_table = schema.Table('nav', meta.metadata, schema.Column('id', types.Integer(), schema.Sequence('nav_id_seq', optional=True), primary_key=True), schema.Column('name', types.Unicode(255), default=u'Untitled Node'), schema.Column('path', types.Unicode(255), default=u''), schema.Column('section', types.Integer(), schema.ForeignKey('nav.id')), schema.Column('before', types.Integer(), default=None), schema.Column('type', types.String(30), nullable=False) ) page_table = schema.Table('page', meta.metadata, schema.Column('id', types.Integer, schema.ForeignKey('nav.id'), primary_key=True), schema.Column('content', types.Text(), nullable=False), schema.Column('posted', types.DateTime(), default=now), schema.Column('title', types.Unicode(255), default=u'Untitled Page'), schema.Column('heading', types.Unicode(255)), ) section_table = sa.Table('section', meta.metadata, schema.Column('id', types.Integer, schema.ForeignKey('nav.id'), primary_key=True), ) orm.mapper(Nav, nav_table, polymorphic_on=nav_table.c.type, polymorphic_identity='nav') orm.mapper(Section, section_table, inherits=Nav, polymorphic_identity='section') orm.mapper(Page, page_table, inherits=Nav, polymorphic_identity='page', properties={ 'comments':orm.relation(Comment, backref='page', cascade='all'), 'tags':orm.relation(Tag, secondary=pagetag_table) }) Any help is much appreciated.

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  • Textually diffing JSON

    - by Richard Levasseur
    As part of my release processes, I have to compare some JSON configuration data used by my application. As a first attempt, I just pretty-printed the JSON and diff'ed them (using kdiff3 or just diff). As that data has grown, however, kdiff3 confuses different parts in the output, making additions look like giant modifies, odd deletions, etc. It makes it really hard to figure out what is different. I've tried other diff tools, too (meld, kompare, diff, a few others), but they all have the same problem. Despite my best efforts, I can't seem to format the JSON in a way that the diff tools can understand. Example data: [ { "name": "date", "type": "date", "nullable": true, "state": "enabled" }, { "name": "owner", "type": "string", "nullable": false, "state": "enabled", } ...lots more... ] The above probably wouldn't cause the problem (the problem occurs when there begin to be hundreds of lines), but thats the gist of what is being compared. Thats just a sample; the full objects are 4-5 attributes, and some attributes have 4-5 attributes in them. The attribute names are pretty uniform, but their values pretty varied. In general, it seems like all the diff tools confuse the closing "}" with the next objects closing "}". I can't seem to break them of this habit. I've tried adding whitespace, changing indentation, and adding some "BEGIN" and "END" strings before and after the respective objects, but the tool still get confused.

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  • Assignment to None

    - by Joel
    Hello, I have a function which returns 3 numbers, e.g.: def numbers(): return 1,2,3 usually I call this function to receive all three returned numbers e.g.: a,b,c=numbers() However, I have one case in which I only need the first returned number. I tried using: a, None None = numbers() But I receive "SyntaxError: assignment to None". I know, of course, that i can use the first option I mentioned and then not use "b" and "c", but only "a". However, this seems like a "waste" of two vars and feels like wrong programming. Any ideas? Thanks, Joek

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  • Rewriting Live TCP Streams

    - by user213060
    I want to rewrite TCP/IP streams. Ettercap's etterfilter command lets you perform simple live replacements of TCP/IP data based on fixed strings or regexes. Example: http://ettercap.sourceforge.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=2833 I would like to rewrite streams based on my own filter program instead of just simple string replacements. Anyone have an idea of how to do this? Is there anything other than Ettercap that can do live replacement like this, maybe as a plugin to a VPN software or something? Thanks!

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  • How to get "paster request" to use config host value instead of localhost?

    - by mmartinez
    I'm trying to access my pylons application via cron job to send notifications to my users. The way I'm doing this is by running the application using something like: paster request myconfig.ini /maintenance/do In the actual controller I check for the "paste.command_request" to block public access. Everything works but the only problem is that within the notifications that I send to my users there is a link to their profile and the host is "localhost" which should instead be the domain name of the application. When the notifications are sent from within the served application (say, a user modifies their settings on the site) the notifications have the correct url. I am using mako to render my email tamplates and within the template I am using the "pylons.url" method with "qualified" set to "True". Am I missing something here? Thanks in advance.

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  • CSRF error when trying to log onto Django admin page with w3m on Emacs23

    - by Vernon
    I normally use Firefox and have had no problems with the admin page on my Django website. But I use Emacs23 for writing my posts, and wanted to be able to use w3m in Emacs to copy the stuff across. When I try to log into my admin pages, it gives the CSRF error: CSRF verification failed. Request aborted. Help Reason given for failure: No CSRF or session cookie. ... Is there a way that I could get w3m to work with my admin page? I am not sure if the problem lies with the way the admin is set up on Django or with the Emacs or w3m settings.

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  • How to call Twiter's Streaming/Filter Feed with urllib2/httplib?

    - by Simon
    Update: I switched this back from answered as I tried the solution posed in cogent Nick's answer and switched to Google's urlfetch: logging.debug("starting urlfetch for http://%s%s" % (self.host, self.url)) result = urlfetch.fetch("http://%s%s" % (self.host, self.url), payload=self.body, method="POST", headers=self.headers, allow_truncated=True, deadline=5) logging.debug("finished urlfetch") but unfortunately finished urlfetch is never printed - I see the timeout happen in the logs (it returns 200 after 5 seconds), but execution doesn't seem tor return. Hi All- I'm attempting to play around with Twitter's Streaming (aka firehose) API with Google App Engine (I'm aware this probably isn't a great long term play as you can't keep the connection perpetually open with GAE), but so far I haven't had any luck getting my program to actually parse the results returned by Twitter. Some code: logging.debug("firing up urllib2") req = urllib2.Request(url="http://%s%s" % (self.host, self.url), data=self.body, headers=self.headers) logging.debug("called urlopen for %s %s, about to call urlopen" % (self.host, self.url)) fobj = urllib2.urlopen(req) logging.debug("called urlopen") When this executes, unfortunately, my debug output never shows the called urlopen line printed. I suspect what's happening is that Twitter keeps the connection open and urllib2 doesn't return because the server doesn't terminate the connection. Wireshark shows the request being sent properly and a response returned with results. I tried adding Connection: close to my request header, but that didn't yield a successful result. Any ideas on how to get this to work? thanks -Simon

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  • Pythonic / itertools way to go through a dict?

    - by dmd
    def reportCSV(t): ret = '' for ev in t: for p in t[ev]: for w in t[ev][p]: ret += ','.join((ev, p, w, t[ev][p][w])) + '\n' return ret What is a more pythonic way to do this, e.g. using itertools or the like? In this case I'm just writing it out to a CSV file. t is a dict t[ev] is a dict t[ev][p] is a dict t[ev][p][w] is a float I'm not sure how I'd use itertools.product in this case.

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  • Map only certain parts of the class to a database using SQLAlchemy?

    - by Az
    When mapping an object using SQLAlchemy, is there a way to only map certain elements of a class to a database, or does it have to be a 1:1 mapping? Example: class User(object): def __init__(self, name, username, password, year_of_birth): self.name = name self.username = username self.password = password self.year_of_birth = year_of_birth Say, for whatever reason, I only wish to map the name, username and password to the database and leave out the year_of_birth. Is that possible and will this create problems? Edit - 25/03/2010 Additionally, say I want to map username and year_of_birth to a separate database. Will this database and the one above still be connected (via username)?

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  • Server authorization with MD5 and SQL.

    - by Charles
    I currently have a SQL database of passwords stored in MD5. The server needs to generate a unique key, then sends to the client. In the client, it will use the key as a salt then hash together with the password and send back to the server. The only problem is that the the SQL DB has the passwords in MD5 already. Therefore for this to work, I would have to MD5 the password client side, then MD5 it again with the salt. Am I doing this wrong, because it doesn't seem like a proper solution. Any information is appreciated.

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  • Django model field value preprocessing before returning

    - by Satoru.Logic
    Hi, all. I have a Note model class like this: class Note(models.Model): author = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name='notes') content = NoteContentField(max_length=256) NoteContentField is a custom sub-class of CharField that override the to_python method in purpose of doing some twitter-text-conversion processing. class NoteContentField(models.CharField): __metaclass__ = models.SubfieldBase def to_python(self, value): value = super(NoteContentField, self).to_python(value) from ..utils import linkify return mark_safe(linkify(value)) However, this doesn't work. When I save a Note object like this: note = Note(author=request.use, content=form.cleaned_data['content']) The conversed value is saved into the database, which is not what I wanna see. Would you please tell me what's wrong with this? Thanks in advance.

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  • Use the output of logs in the execution of a program

    - by myle
    When I try to create a specific object, the program crashes. However, I use a module (mechanize) which logs useful information just before the crash. If I had somehow this information available I could avoid it. Is there any way to use the information which is logged (when I use the function set_debug_redirects) during the normal execution of the program? Just to be a bit more specific, I try to emulate the login behavior in a webpage. The program crashes because it can't handle a specific Following HTTP-EQUIV=REFRESH to <omitted_url>. Given this url, which is available in the logs but not as part of the exception which is thrown, I could visit this page and complete successfully the login process. Any other suggestions that may solve the problem are welcomed. It follows the code so far. SERVICE_LOGIN_BOX_URL = "https://www.google.com/accounts/ServiceLoginBox?service=adsense&ltmpl=login&ifr=true&rm=hide&fpui=3&nui=15&alwf=true&passive=true&continue=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fadsense%2Flogin-box-gaiaauth&followup=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fadsense%2Flogin-box-gaiaauth&hl=en_US" def init_browser(): # Browser br = mechanize.Browser() # Cookie Jar cj = cookielib.LWPCookieJar() br.set_cookiejar(cj) # Browser options br.set_handle_equiv(True) br.set_handle_gzip(False) br.set_handle_redirect(True) br.set_handle_referer(True) br.set_handle_robots(True) br.set_handle_refresh(mechanize._http.HTTPRefreshProcessor(), max_time=30.0, honor_time=False) # Want debugging messages? #br.set_debug_http(True) br.set_debug_redirects(True) #br.set_debug_responses(True) return br def adsense_login(login, password): br = init_browser() r = br.open(SERVICE_LOGIN_BOX_URL) html = r.read() # Select the first (index zero) form br.select_form(nr=0) br.form['Email'] = login br.form['Passwd'] = password br.submit() req = br.click_link(text='click here to continue') try: # this is where it crashes br.open(req) except HTTPError, e: sys.exit("post failed: %d: %s" % (e.code, e.msg)) return br

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