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• Pros and Cons of a proxy/gateway server

  - by Curtis

  I'm working with a web app that uses two machines, a BSD server and a Windows 2000 server. When someone goes to our website, they are connected to the BSD server which, using Apache's proxy module, relays the requests & responses between them and the web server on the Windows server. The idea (designed and deployed about 9 years ago) was that it was more secure to have the BSD server as what outside people connected to than the Windows server running the web app. The BSD server is a bare bones install with all unnecessary services & applications removed. These servers are about to be replaced and the big question is, is a cut-down, barebones server necessary for security in this setup. From my research online I don’t see anyone else running a setup like this (I don't see anyone questioning it at least.) If they have a server between the user and the web app server(s), it is caching, compressing, and/or load balancing. Is there anything I’m overlooking by letting people connect directly from the internet ** to a Windows 2008 R2 server that’s running the web application? ** there’s a good hardware firewall between the internet with only minimal ports open Thank you.

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• How Can I Make Apache Stop Serving ALL Unknown File Types (like .php~)?

  - by user223304

  I am coming from IIS and moving to Apache and recently found out that Apache by default serves up files of an unknown file extension as PURE TEXT. This can be an issue if a user uses certain programs that back up .php files as .php~. Then the .php~ file becomes completely readable by simply navigating to it in a browser. To make matters worse these .php~ files are often considered 'hidden' in the linux environment from the user so some may not even know they exist. Bots have been created around this fact that scour the internet looking for popular file name backups and extracting potentially secure info from them. I already know how to stop serving up .php~ files or any specific file extensions. I also know not to use any editors that would save backup files like this. My question is, how can I stop this default Apache behavior of serving up ANY non-MIME file type at all? I just don't like the this behavior and would like to stop it. I don't want it serving up .aspx~, .html~, .bob, .carl, no extension or anything else that is not a real MIME type. I know that I can probably go and use a directive to first Deny access to all file types. Then add the ones I want to serve out one by one. But I'm wondering if there's an easier/quicker way. Thanks for any help.

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• Correctly setting up UFW on Ubuntu Server 10 LTS which has Nginx, FastCGI and MySQL?

  - by littlejim84

  Hello. I'm wanting to get my firewall on my new webserver to be as secure as it needs to be. After I did research for iptables, I came across UFW (Uncomplicated FireWall). This looks like a better way for me to setup a firewall on Ubuntu Server 10 LTS and seeing that it's part of the install, it seems to make sense. My server will have Nginx, FastCGI and MySQL on it. I also want to be allow SSH access (obviously). So I'm curious to know exactly how I should set up UFW and is there anything else I need to take into consideration? After doing research, I found an article that explains it this way: # turn on ufw ufw enable # log all activity (you'll be glad you have this later) ufw logging on # allow port 80 for tcp (web stuff) ufw allow 80/tcp # allow our ssh port ufw allow 5555 # deny everything else ufw default deny # open the ssh config file and edit the port number from 22 to 5555, ctrl-x to exit nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config # restart ssh (don't forget to ssh with port 5555, not 22 from now on) /etc/init.d/ssh reload This all seems to make sense to me. But is it all correct? I want to back this up with any other opinions or advice to ensure I do this right on my server. Many thanks!

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• How do I Install Intermediate Certificates (in AWS)?

  - by getmizanur

  I have installed private key (pem encoded) and public key certificate (pem encoded) on Amazon Load Balancer. However, when I check the SSL with site test tool, I get the following error: Error while checking the SSL Certificate!! Unable to get the local issuer of the certificate. The issuer of a locally looked up certificate could not be found. Normally this indicates that not all intermediate certificates are installed on the server. I converted crt file to pem using these commands from this tutorial: openssl x509 -in input.crt -out input.der -outform DER openssl x509 -in input.der -inform DER -out output.pem -outform PEM During setup of Amazon Load Balancer, the only option I left out was certificate chain. (pem encoded) However, this was optional. Could this be cause of my issue? And if so; How do I create certificate chain? UPDATE If you make request to VeriSign they will give you a certificate chain. This chain includes public crt, intermediate crt and root crt. Make sure to remove the public crt from your certificate chain (which is the top most certificate) before adding it to your certification chain box of your Amazon Load Balancer. If you are making HTTPS requests from an Android app, then above instruction may not work for older Android OS such as 2.1 and 2.2. To make it work on older Android OS: go here click on "retail ssl" tab and then click on "secure site" "CA Bundle for Apache Server" copy and past these intermediate certs into certificate chain box. just incase if you have not found it here is the direct link. If you are using geo trust certificates then the solution is much the same for Android devices, however, you need to copy and paste their intermediate certs for Android.

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• su not giving proper message for restricted LDAP groups

  - by user1743881

  I have configured PAM authentication on Linux box to restrict particular group only to login. I have enabled pam and ldap through authconfig and modified access.conf like below, [root@test root]# tail -1 /etc/security/access.conf - : ALL EXCEPT root test-auth : ALL Also modified sudoers file, to get su for this group <code> [root@test ~]# tail -1 /etc/sudoers %test-auth ALL=/bin/su</code> Now, only this ldap group members can login to system. However when from any of this authorized user, I tried for su, it asks for password and then though I enter correct password it gives message like Incorrect password and login failed. /var/log/secure shows that user is not having permission to get the access, but then it should print message like Access denied.The way it prints for console login. My functionality is working but its no giving proper messages. Could anyone please help on this. My /etc/pam.d/su file, [root@test root]# cat /etc/pam.d/su #%PAM-1.0 auth sufficient pam_rootok.so # Uncomment the following line to implicitly trust users in the "wheel" group. #auth sufficient pam_wheel.so trust use_uid # Uncomment the following line to require a user to be in the "wheel" group. #auth required pam_wheel.so use_uid auth include system-auth account sufficient pam_succeed_if.so uid = 0 use_uid quiet account include system-auth password include system-auth session include system-auth session optional pam_xauth.so

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• configs for several sites in apache with ssl

  - by elCapitano

  i need to secure two different sites in apache. One of them should only be a proxy for a different server which is running on port 8069. Now one (which is natively included in apache) runs with SSL: <VirtualHost *:443> ServerName 192.168.1.20 SSLEngine on SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/erp/oeserver.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/erp/oeserver.key DocumentRoot /var/www/cloud ServerPath /cloud/ #CustomLog /var/www/logs/ssl-access_log combined #ErrorLog /var/www/logs/ssl-error_log </VirtualHost> The other one is not running and even not registered. When i try to access it, i get an exception (ssl_error_rx_record_too_long): <VirtualHost *:443> ServerName 192.168.1.20 ServerPath /erp/ SSLEngine on SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/erp/oeserver.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/erp/oeserver.key ProxyRequests Off ProxyPreserveHost On <Proxy *> Order deny,allow Allow from all </Proxy> ProxyVia On ProxyPass / http://127.0.0.1:8069/ ProxyPassReverse / http://127.0.0.1:8069 RewriteEngine on RewriteRule ^/(.*) http://127.0.0.1:8069/$1 [P] RequestHeader set "X-Forwarded-Proto" "https" SetEnv proxy-nokeepalive 1 </VirtualHost> My whish is the following configuration: 192.168.1.20 ->> unsecured local path to website 192.168.1.20/cloud/ ->> secured local documentpath from cloud 192.168.1.20/erp/ ->> secured proxy on port 80 for http://192.168.1.20:8069 how is this possible? is this even possible? perhaps cloud.192.168.1.20 and erp.192.168.1.20 is better?! Thank you

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• Private staff network within public network

  - by pianohacker

  I'm the sysadmin at a small public library. Since I got here a few years ago, I've been trying to set up the network in a secure and simple way. Security is a little tricky; the staff and patron networks need to be separated, for security reasons. Even if I further isolated the public wireless, I'd still rather not trust the security of our public computers. However, the two networks also need to communicate; even if I set up enough VMs so they didn't share any servers, they need to use the same two printers at the very least. Currently, I'm solving this with some jerry-rigged commodity equipment. The patron network, linked together by switches, has a Windows server connected to it for DNS and DHCP and a DSL modem for a gateway. Also on the patron network is the WAN side of a Linksys router. This router is the "top" of the staff network, and has the same Windows server connected on a different port, providing DNS and DHCP, and another, faster DSL modem (separate connections are very useful, especially as we heavily depend on some cloud-hosted software). tl;dr: We have a public network, and a NATed staff network within it. My question is; is this really the best way to do this? The right equipment would likely make my job easier, but anything with more than four ports and even rudimentary management quickly becomes a heavy hit on our budget. (My original question was about an ungodly frustrating DHCP routing issue, but I thought I'd ask whether my network was broken rather than asking about the DHCP problem and being told my network was broken.)

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• how to setup .ssh directory inside an encrypted volume on Mac OSX and still have public key logins?

  - by Vitaly Kushner

  I have my .ssh directory inside an encrypted sparse image. i.e. ~/.ssh is a symlink to /Volumes/VolumeName/.ssh The problem is that when I try to ssh into that machine using a public key I see the following error message in /var/log/secure.log: Authentication refused: bad ownership or modes for directory /Volumes Any way to solve this in a clean way? Update: The permissions on ~/.ssh and authorized_keys are right: > ls -ld ~ drwxr-xr-x+ 77 vitaly staff 2618 Mar 16 08:22 /Users/vitaly/ > ls -l ~/.ssh lrwxr-xr-x 1 vitaly staff 22 Mar 15 23:48 /Users/vitaly/.ssh@ -> /Volumes/Astrails/.ssh > ls -ld /Volumes/Astrails/.ssh drwx------ 3 vitaly staff 646 Mar 15 23:46 /Volumes/Astrails/.ssh/ > ls -ld /Volumes/Astrails/ drwx--x--x@ 18 vitaly staff 1360 Jan 12 22:05 /Volumes/Astrails// > ls -ld /Volumes/ drwxrwxrwt@ 5 root admin 170 Mar 15 20:38 /Volumes// error message sats the problem is with /Volumes, but I don't see the problem. Yes it is o+w but it is also +t which should be ok but apparently isn't. The problem is I can't change /Volumes permissions (or rather shouldn't) but I do want public key login to work. First I thought of mounting the image on other place then /Volumes, but it is automaunted on login by standard OSX mounting. I asked about it here: How to change disk image's default mount directory on osx The only answer I got is "you can't" ;) I could hack my way around, by writing some shellscript that will manually mounting volume at a non-standard location but it would be a gross hack, I'm still looking for a cleaner way to do what I need.

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• Cannot connect to remote mail server for sending emails in ASP.NET

  - by Dave

  I want to migrate a web application from a Windows Server 2003 to a Windows Server 2008 R2. All works fine except sending emails from the application. If I configure the application to use the smtp server on "localhost" it works, but changing it to the "real" host name (e.g. mail.example.org) no mail is sent. The error message says, that the remote server needs a secure connection or smtp authentication. But since it works when using "localhost" instead of the host name I doubt that this is the problem. Also it's unlikely a problem with the mail server, I also tried it with another one. So for me it seems like the firewall is blocking the outgoing connection to the mail server. I tried to open port 25, but it still did not work. Maybe I just did it the wrong way. Update: For clarifying my setup: I have a Windows Server 2008 R2 with hMailServer installed (set up for some of the hosted domains) For the website I'm talking about I need to use an external mail server (totally different hosting provider) Apparently I was a bit off the track. It seems like it works when using connecting to the local mail server either with the host name "localhost" or "mail.somedomain.com" (while somedomain.com is set up in my mail server). But when using the host name of the external mail server ("mail.externaldomain.com") it seems like it tries to connect to the local server again, although this domain is not set up in the mail server. Thanks to Evan Anderson for the tip to use telnet - why I have not thought of it myself?... :-) Note, the website www.externaldomain.com is hosted on my server but the DNS entries are maintained by the other hosting provider. "externaldomain.com" is the only entry which points to my server all other records (MX, subdomains) are pointing to the other server. So I think the question is now, how do i bring my server to connect to the external mailserver. Do I have to configure this in my mail server or is it a windows server thing?

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• Juniper’s Network Connect ncsvc on Linux: “host checker failed, error 10”

  - by hfs

  I’m trying to log in to a Juniper VPN with Network Connect from a headless Linux client. I followed the instructions and used the script from http://mad-scientist.us/juniper.html. When running the script with --nogui switch the command that gets finally executed is $HOME/.juniper_networks/network_connect/ncsvc -h HOST -u USER -r REALM -f $HOME/.vpn.default.crt. I get asked for the password, a line “Connecting to…” is printed but then the programm silently stops. When adding -L 5 (most verbose logging) to the command line, these are the last messages printed to the log: dsclient.info state: kStateCacheCleaner (dsclient.cpp:280) dsclient.info --> POST /dana-na/cc/ccupdate.cgi (authenticate.cpp:162) http_connection.para Entering state_start_connection (http_connection.cpp:282) http_connection.para Entering state_continue_connection (http_connection.cpp:299) http_connection.para Entering state_ssl_connect (http_connection.cpp:468) dsssl.para SSL connect ssl=0x833e568/sd=4 connection using cipher RC4-MD5 (DSSSLSock.cpp:656) http_connection.para Returning DSHTTP_COMPLETE from state_ssl_connect (http_connection.cpp:476) DSHttp.debug state_reading_response_body - copying 0 buffered bytes (http_requester.cpp:800) DSHttp.debug state_reading_response_body - recv'd 0 bytes data (http_requester.cpp:833) dsclient.info <-- 200 (authenticate.cpp:194) dsclient.error state host checker failed, error 10 (dsclient.cpp:282) ncapp.error Failed to authenticate with IVE. Error 10 (ncsvc.cpp:197) dsncuiapi.para DsNcUiApi::~DsNcUiApi (dsncuiapi.cpp:72) What does host checker failed mean? How can I find out what it tried to check and what failed? The HostChecker Configuration Guide mentions that a $HOME/.juniper_networks/tncc.jar gets installed on Linux, but my installation contains no such file. From that I concluded that HostChecker is disabled for my VPN on Linux? Are the POST to /dana-na/cc/ccupdate.cgi and “host checker failed” connected or independent? By running the connection over a SSL proxy I found out that the POST data is status=NOTOK (Funny side note: the client of the oh-so-secure VPN does not validate the server’s SSL certificate, so is wide open to MITM attacks…). So it seems that it’s the client that closes the connection and not the server.

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• Backup script to FTP with timed subfolders

  - by Frederik Nielsen

  I want to make a backup script, that makes a .tar.gz of a folder I define, say fx /root/tekkit/world This .tar.gz file should then be uploaded to a FTP server, named by the time it was uploaded, for example: 07-10-2012-13-00.tar.gz How should such backup script be written? I already figured out the .tar.gz part - just need the naming and the uploading to FTP. I know that FTP is not the most secure way to do it, but as it is non-sensitive data, and FTP is the only option I have, it will do. Edit: I ended up with this script: #!/bin/bash # have some path predefined for backup unless one is provided as first argument BACKUP_DIR="/root/tekkit/world/" TMP_DIR="/tmp/tekkitbackup/" FINISH_DIR="/tmp/tekkitfinished/" # construct name for our archive TIME=$(date +%d-%m-%Y-%H-%M) if [ $1 ]; then BACKUP_DIR="$1" fi echo "Backing up dir ... $BACKUP_DIR" mkdir $TMP_DIR cp -R $BACKUP_DIR $TMP_DIR cd $FINISH_DIR tar czvfp tekkit-$TIME.tar.gz -C $TMP_DIR . # create upload script for lftp cat <<EOF> lftp.upload.script open server user user password lcd $FINISH_DIR mput tekkit-$TIME.tar.gz exit EOF # start backup using lftp and script we created; if all went well print simple message and clean up lftp -f lftp.upload.script && ( echo Upload successfull ; rm lftp.upload.script )

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• installed mysql using yum but mysqld dowsnt start: Fedora 16

  - by Sumit Singh Bir

  i installed mysql mysql-server and mysql-libs ... after installation i thought to start the mysql service using command systemctl start mysqld.service Failed to issue method call: Unit mysqld.service failed to load: Invalid argument. See system logs and 'systemctl status mysqld.service' for details. systemctl status mysqld.service this said that it had an invalid argument then i changed the content of mysqld.service with this File: /etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service [Unit] Description=MySQL database server After=syslog.target After=network.target [Service] User=mysql Group=mysql ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ExecStop=/bin/kill -15 $MAINPID PIDFile=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid # We rely on systemd, not mysqld_safe, to restart mysqld if it dies Restart=always # Place temp files in a secure directory, not /tmp PrivateTmp=true [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target now i found that the error for invalid argument was resolved and mysqld.service was loaded but not enabled ... using systemctl start mysqld.service worked fine ... it workedddd! but then enabling it systemctl enable mysqld.service or service mysqld start did not do anything but the curdor kept on blinking after i pressed enter ... now the thing is that for this f16 i wasted my HDD space for development work and i cannot figure out a way ... please somebody help

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• How do I set up a shared directory on Linux?

  - by JR Lawhorne

  I have a linux server I want to use to share files between users in my company. Users will access the machine with sftp or secure shell. Here is what I have: cd /home ls -l drwxrwsr-x 5 userA staff 4096 Jul 22 15:00 shared (other listings omitted) I want all users in the staff group to be able to create, modify, delete any file and/or directory in the shared folder. I don't want anyone else to have access to the folder at all. I have: Added the users to the staff group by modifying /etc/group and running grpconv to update /etc/gshadow Run chown -R userA.staff /home/shared Run chmod -R 2775 /home/shared Now, users in the staff group can create new files but they aren't allowed to open the existing files in the directory for edit. I suspect this is due to the primary group id associated with each user which is still set to be the group created when the user was created. So, the PGID of user 'userA' is 'userA'. I'd rather not change the primary group of the users to 'staff' if I can help it but if it is the easiest option, I would consider it. And, a variation on a theme, I'd like to do this same thing with another directory but also allow the apache user to read files in the directory and serve them. What's the best way to set this up?

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• Finding custom printer-specific options on *nix

  - by enbuyukfener

  Hey all, I have a printer set up using CUPS (FujiXerox Document Center 1100), it is named DC1100. There are capabilities of the printer that are not shows as options of the printer as listed by: lpoptions -l -d DC1100 The output is below: PrintoutMode/Printout Mode: Draft *Normal High Photo InputSlot/Media Source: Upper Lower MultiPurpose LargeCapacity Manual *Standard PageSize/Page Size: *Letter A4 C5 C6 COM10 DL Executive Legal Monarch Statement PageRegion/PageRegion: Letter A4 C5 C6 COM10 DL Executive Legal Monarch Statement STP_Brightness/Brightness: 0.00 0.02 0.04 [snip] 2.00 STP_Contrast/Contrast: 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 [snip] 4.00 STP_ColorCorrection/Color Correction: Accurate Bright Density [snip] Uncorrected STP_DitherAlgorithm/Dither Algorithm: Adaptive EvenTone Fast [snip] VeryFast STP_EnableDensity/Density Enable: *Disabled Enabled STP_Density/Density Value: 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 [snip] 8.0 STP_EnableGamma/Composite Gamma Enable: *Disabled Enabled STP_Gamma/Composite Gamma Value: 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 [snip] 4.00 STP_LinearContrast/Linear Contrast Adjustment: *False True STP_Duplex/Double-Sided Printing: DuplexNoTumble DuplexTumble *None Resolution/Rendering Resolution: *FromPrintoutMode 150x150dpi 300x300dpi 600x600dpi OutputType/Output Type: *FromPrintoutMode BlackAndWhite Grayscale STP_ImageType/Image Type: *FromPrintoutMode Photo Graphics LineArt None Text TextGraphics STP_Resolution/Resolution: *FromPrintoutMode 150dpi 300dpi 600dpi I am particularly looking for options for: "secure print" (possibly by setting a mode and setting a username) stapling hole punching Perhaps I need a vendor specific driver/PPD file? If so, any pointers as I have no idea where to look for one. I haven't been able to find one on the official site or on sites such as http://www.openprinting.org

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• For enabling SSL for a single domain on a server with muliple vhosts, will this configuration work?

  - by user1322092

  I just purchased an SSL certificate to secure/enable only ONE domain on a server with multiple vhosts. I plan on configuring as shown below (non SNI). In addition, I still want to access phpMyAdmin, securely, via my server's IP address. Will the below configuration work? I have only one shot to get this working in production. Are there any redundant settings? ---apache ssl.conf file--- Listen 443 SSLCertificateFile /home/web/certs/domain1.public.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /home/web/certs/domain1.private.key SSLCertificateChainFile /home/web/certs/domain1.intermediate.crt ---apache httpd.conf file---- ... DocumentRoot "/var/www/html" #currently exists ... NameVirtualHost *:443 #new - is this really needed if "Listen 443" is in ssl.conf??? ... #below vhost currently exists, the domain I wish t enable SSL) <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName domain1.com ServerAlias 173.XXX.XXX.XXX DocumentRoot /home/web/public_html/domain1.com/public </VirtualHost> #below vhost currently exists. <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName domain2.com ServerAlias www.domain2.com DocumentRoot /home/web/public_html/domain2.com/public </VirtualHost> #new -I plan on adding this vhost block to enable ssl for domain1.com! <VirtualHost *:443> ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName www.domain1.com ServerAlias 173.203.127.20 SSLEngine on SSLProtocol all SSLCertificateFile /home/web/certs/domain1.public.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /home/web/certs/domain1.private.key SSLCACertificateFile /home/web/certs/domain1.intermediate.crt DocumentRoot /home/web/public_html/domain1.com/public </VirtualHost> As previously mentioned, I want to be able to access phpmyadmin via "https://173.XXX.XXX.XXX/hiddenfolder/phpmyadmin" which is stored under "var/www/html/hiddenfolder"

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• What are the steps needed to set up and use security for AWS command line tools?

  - by chris

  I've been trying to set up the AWS command-line tools following Eric's most useful guide at http://alestic.com/2012/09/aws-command-line-tools. I can't seem to find a good how-to for how to generate the x509 certificate and private key, and how that relates to the various security files the guide creates. Update: I have found a couple of links that describe the some steps. These steps seem to work, however I'm not sure if this is secure & the best way to do it: 1) Create a private key openssl genrsa -out my-private-key.pem 2048 2) Create x.509 cert openssl req -new -x509 -key my-private-key.pem -out my-x509-cert.pem -days 365 Hit enter to accept all of the defaults. Then, from the IAM Dashboard, User, select a user & click on the "Security Credentials" tab. Click on "Manage Signing Certificates", then "Upload Signing Certificate", paste in the contents of my-x509-cert.pem, click OK and it should be accepted. One step that is discussed, but not required for me, was the addition and subsequent removal of a pass phrase on the private key. Should I have been prompted for one, and is my cert potentially unsafe because of this?

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• My URL has been identified as a phishing site

  - by user2118559

  Some months before ordered VPS at Ramnode According to tutorial (ZPanelCP on CentOS 6.4) http://www.zvps.co.uk/zpanelcp/centos-6 Installed CentOS and ZPanel) Today received email We are requesting that you secure and investigate the phishing website identified below. This URL has been identified as a phishing site and is currently involved in identity theft activities. URL: hxxp://111.11.111.111/www.connet-itunes.fr/iTunesConnect.woasp/ //IP is modified (not real) This site is being used to display false or spoofed content in an apparent effort to steal personal and financial information. This matter is URGENT. We believe that individuals are being falsely directed to this page and may be persuaded into divulging personal information to a criminal, if the content is not immediately disabled. Trying to understand. Some hacker hacked VPS, placed some file (?) with content that redirects to www.connet-itunes.fr/iTunesConnect.woasp? Then questions 1) how can I find the file? Where it may be located? url is URL: hxxp://111.11.111.111/ IP address, not domain name 2) What to do to protect VPS (with CentOS)? Any tutorial? Where may be security problem? I mean may be someone faced something similar....

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• Hosting a server for websites, ftp and random use at home?

  - by Zolomon

  I'm wondering what's the best option for me if I want to move all my hosted websites (from a hosting company) to a server at my own home? Basically, the needs I have are: be able to host websites using PHP/ASP.NET (haven't really decided yet - both would be preferred!) enable FTP so I can create accounts for my family members to access the server for file handling SSH SSL - for secure connections (this is something you have to buy/apply for per domain, not sure if there are any server side settings that have to be made) be able to stream video remote desktop host home-brew applications that can run as services use either MySQl/SQLite/SQL for relational database storage What should I think of before I buy a server? What hardware will I need, what will limit my server? I basically want to learn networking better as I'm a software and web developer but haven't had the resources to acquire any serious toys until now. At the time of writing, most of my websites have 60 visits/day so I don't suspect them to be very demanding. Is there something I haven't thought of that I should have? What OS would you suggest I run? FreeBSD vs Windows Server vs ?

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• is ksplice production ready?

  - by faultyserver

  I would be interested to hear the serverfault community's experiences with Ksplice in production. Quick blurb from wikipedia: Ksplice is a free and open source extension of the Linux kernel which allows system administrators to apply security patches to a running kernel without having to reboot the operating system. and Ksplice can, without restarting the kernel, apply any source code patch that only needs to modify the kernel code. Unlike other hot update systems, Ksplice takes as input only a unified diff and the original kernel source code, and it updates the running kernel correctly, with no further human assistance required. Additionally, taking advantage of Ksplice does not require any preparation before the system is originally booted (the running kernel does not need to have been specially compiled, for example). In order to generate an update, Ksplice must determine what code within the kernel has been changed by the source code patch. So a few questions: How has the stability been? any odd issues that you have encountered with its 'rebootless live patching' of the kernel? Kernel panics or horror stories? I have been running it on a few test systems and so far its been working as advertised, but I am interested in what other sysadmins experiences have been with Ksplice before going 'all in' and deploying this on our production servers. So, anybody using Kspice in production? update: hmm, not seeing any real activity on this question after a couple of hours (besides some kind upvotes and favs). Maybe to spark some activity I'll also ask a few more questions and see if we can get this discussion going... "If you are aware of Ksplice, is there a reason you are not using it?" "Do you feel its still too bleeding edge, unproven or untested?" "Does Ksplice not fit well within your current patch-management system?" "Do you hate having systems that have long (and secure) uptimes?" ;-)

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• Users removing Administrator from files/folders permissions

  - by user64204

  We're running Windows Server 2003 R2 with Active Directory and are having an issue with network shares whereby users, in an attempt to secure their documents, remove everybody (including the Administrator account) from their files/folders permissions. Since the Administrator no longer has read permission to them, we can't even backup files manually as we get permission errors. One solution that we've found is to change the owner of the files and directories to the Administrator account. We can then change the permissions as we wish. The problem is that this has to be done manually so can't really be applied to an entire share. Another solution that we've tried is to use cacls as follows: cacls d:\path\to\share /C /T /E /G Administrator:F The problem with this is that we're still getting an ACCESS DENIED error on files/folders on which Administrator was removed. Q1: Is there a way to restore at least read access to all files/folders to the Administrator account in a recursive fashion? That would be for the short term. For the long term we're looking for a solution to prevent users from removing Administrator from files/folders permissions. Since we're going to migrate to Windows Server 2008 R2 soon we could wait until we've migrated to implement such solution if need be. Q2: Is there a way to prevent users from removing Administrator from files/folders permissions on Windows Server 2003/2008?

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• What kinds of protections against viruses does Linux provide out of the box for the average user?

  - by ChocoDeveloper

  I know others have asked this, but I have other questions related to this. In particular, I'm concerned about the damage that the virus can do the user itself (his files), not the OS in general nor other users of the same machine. This question came to my mind because of that ransomware virus that is encrypting machines all over the world, and then asking the user to send a payment in Bitcoin if he wants to recover his files. I have already received and opened the email that is supposed to contain the virus, so I guess I didn't do that bad because nothing happened. But would I have survived if I opened the attachment and it was aimed at Linux users? I guess not. One of the advantages is that files are not executable by default right after downloading them. Is that just a bad default in Windows and could be fixed with a proper configuration? As a Linux user, I thought my machine was pretty secure by default, and I was even told that I shouldn't bother installing an antivirus. But I have read some people saying that the most important (or only?) difference is that Linux is just less popular, so almost no one writes viruses for it. Is that right? What else can I do to be safe from this kind of ransomware virus? Not automatically executing random files from unknown sources seems to be more than enough, but is it? I can't think of many other things a user can do to protect his own files (not the OS, not other users), because he has full permissions on them.

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• Is it possible to download extremely large files intelligently or in parts via SSH from Linux to Windows?

  - by Andrew

  I have a ~35 GB file on a remote Linux Ubuntu server. Locally, I am running Windows XP, so I am connecting to the remote Linux server using SSH (specifically, I am using a Windows program called SSH Secure Shell Client version 3.3.2). Although my broadband internet connection is quite good, my download of the large file often fails with a Connection Lost error message. I am not sure, but I think that it fails because perhaps my internet connection goes out for a second or two every several hours. Since the file is so large, downloading it may take 4.5 to 5 hours, and perhaps the internet connection goes out for a second or two during that long time. I think this because I have successfully downloaded files of this size using the same internet connection and the same SSH software on the same computer. In other words, sometimes I get lucky and the download finishes before the internet connection drops for a second. Is there any way that I can download the file in an intelligent way -- whereby the operating system or software "knows" where it left off and can resume from the last point if a break in the internet connection occurs? Perhaps it is possible to download the file in sections? Although I do not know if I can conveniently split my file into multiple files -- I think this would be very difficult, since the file is binary and is not human-readable. As it is now, if the entire ~35 GB file download doesn't finish before the break in the connection, then I have to start the download over and overwrite the ~5-20 GB chunk that was downloaded locally so far. Do you have any advice? Thanks.

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• What is the ideal way to set up multiple FTP enabled web accounts on Fedora?

  - by Nicholas Flynt

  I'm setting up a test server for use as a web development platform, and I'd like to mimic as closely as I can a typical shared hosting setup. That is, I'd like my server to have multple user FTP accounts, each of which links to a directory containing the webroot of the site, and I'd like apache to be able to easily see and manupulate these files. I'll admit: I'm not as familiar with Fedora as I'd like, I run Ubuntu on my home box and SElinux is giving me some grief. My initial plan was to have each user FTP into their home directory, and put the web directory there as well, but SElinux throws a hissy fit when apache tries to access anything outside of its web directory, so that plan was a no go. Would it be wise to continue this route, and perhaps mount web directories in user home folders so that FTP could still be used to access them, even though apache saw them in var/www like it expects? Would it make more sense to set up custom FTP accounts and use a single FTP user on the server box? What's the general course of action on something like this? I'm using vsftpd right now to host web directories, which is why I'm liking the home directory approach (it's simple and secure) but of course there's bound to be a better way to go about it. Thanks. (I'll leave other things, like restricted DB access and such, to another post. I'm interested right now with just getting FTP and apache to play nice in a multi-user environment.) PS: For the record, an issue I ran into when doing all of this was that if apache isn't running as the same user as the FTP account is saving as, there are permissions errors when FTP creates files, requiring the remote user to chmod the files to fix it. A logical fix would be to run apache in a special group, put all web users in this group, and have FTP access default to giving this group read/write access to everything like apache would expect, but I never could figure out how to accomplish this. Bonus points and cake if you know a solution.

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• A single AD user can't log into a single Mac bound to the domain (DirectoryServices error). How can I resolve this?

  - by Ben Wyatt

  On our campus, we have about 60 Macs joined to our Active Directory domain. Most users have no problems logging into Macs, as long as their accounts are configured correctly. However, we have one particular user who is unable to log in to just some of the Macs. He has no problem with most of them, but there is one group of them (all built from the same image) that he can't log in to. The machine in question is running OS X 10.6.2. The relevant entries from secure.log are below, with the hostname and username redacted. Aug 16 10:32:43 hostname SecurityAgent[4411]: Could not get the user record for username from DirectoryServices. Aug 16 10:32:43 hostname SecurityAgent[4411]: Will sleep 1 seconds and try again (retryCount = 4) Aug 16 10:32:44 hostname SecurityAgent[4411]: Could not get the user record for username from DirectoryServices. Aug 16 10:32:44 hostname SecurityAgent[4411]: Will sleep 2 seconds and try again (retryCount = 3) Aug 16 10:32:46 hostname SecurityAgent[4411]: Could not get the user record for username from DirectoryServices. Aug 16 10:32:46 hostname SecurityAgent[4411]: Will sleep 4 seconds and try again (retryCount = 2) Aug 16 10:33:10 hostname SecurityAgent[4411]: Could not get the user record for username from DirectoryServices. Aug 16 10:33:10 hostname SecurityAgent[4411]: Will sleep 8 seconds and try again (retryCount = 1) Aug 16 10:33:18 hostname SecurityAgent[4411]: User info context values set for username Aug 16 10:33:18 hostname SecurityAgent[4411]: unknown-user (username) login attempt PASSED for auditing Everything I've found online suggests that our use of Mobile Accounts is causing the issue. I turned that feature off, but I still can't log in as that user. id returns a record for his account, and nothing looks out of the ordinary. Has anyone here run into this before?

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• How to publish internal data to the internet - as simple as possible

  - by mlarsen

  I Asked this at Staock Overflow, but I would like your oppinion too as it has as much to do with administration as it does with coding. We have a .net 2-tier application where a desktop program is talking to a database. We support MS SQL Server 2000, 2005, 2008 and Oracle 9, 10 and 11. The application is sold, not as shrink-wrap, but pretty close. It is quite important for us that the installation and configuration is as easy as possible as installation instructions are usually supplied in written form to the customers internal IT-department. Our application is usually not seen as mission critical for the IT-department, so we need to keep their work down to a minimum. Now we are starting to get wishes for a web application build on top of the same data. The web application will be hosted by us and delivered as a SaaS application. Now the challenge is how to move data back and forth between the web application and the customers internal database. as I see it we have some requirements: We must be ready to handle the situation where the customers database is not accessible from the DMZ. I guess the easiest solution is that all communication is initiated from inside the customers lan. As little firewall configuration as possible. The best is if we can run without any special configuration as long as outgoing traffic from the customers lan are not blocked. If we need something changed in the firewall, we must be able to document that the change is secure. It doesn't have to be real time. Moving data in batches every ten minutes or so is OK. Data moves both ways, but not the same tables, so we don't have to support merges. It would be nice if we don't have to roll our own framework completely. Looking forward to hear your suggestions.

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