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  • Python: Data Object or class

    - by arg20
    I enjoy all the python libraries for scraping websites and I am experimenting with BeautifulSoup and IMDB just for fun. As I come from Java, I have some Java-practices incorporated into my programming styles. I am trying to get the info of a certain movie, I can either create a Movie class or just use a dictionary with keys for the attributes. My question is, should I just use dictionaries when a class will only contain data and perhaps almost no behaviour? In other languages creating a type will help you enforce certain restrictions and because of type checks the IDE will help you program, this is not always the case in python, so what should I do? Should I resort to creating a class only when there's both, behaviour and data? Or create a movie class even though it'll probably be just a data container? This all depends on your model, in this particular case either one is fine but I'm wondering about what's a good practice.

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  • Dynamic Dispatch without Virtual Functions

    - by Kristopher Johnson
    I've got some legacy code that, instead of virtual functions, uses a kind field to do dynamic dispatch. It looks something like this: // Base struct shared by all subtypes // Plain-old data; can't use virtual functions struct POD { int kind; int GetFoo(); int GetBar(); int GetBaz(); int GetXyzzy(); }; enum Kind { Kind_Derived1, Kind_Derived2, Kind_Derived3 }; struct Derived1: POD { Derived1(): kind(Kind_Derived1) {} int GetFoo(); int GetBar(); int GetBaz(); int GetXyzzy(); // plus other type-specific data and function members }; struct Derived2: POD { Derived2(): kind(Kind_Derived2) {} int GetFoo(); int GetBar(); int GetBaz(); int GetXyzzy(); // plus other type-specific data and function members }; struct Derived3: POD { Derived3(): kind(Kind_Derived3) {} int GetFoo(); int GetBar(); int GetBaz(); int GetXyzzy(); // plus other type-specific data and function members }; and then the POD class's function members are implemented like this: int POD::GetFoo() { // Call kind-specific function switch (kind) { case Kind_Derived1: { Derived1 *pDerived1 = static_cast<Derived1*>(this); return pDerived1->GetFoo(); } case Kind_Derived2: { Derived2 *pDerived2 = static_cast<Derived2*>(this); return pDerived2->GetFoo(); } case Kind_Derived3: { Derived3 *pDerived3 = static_cast<Derived3*>(this); return pDerived3->GetFoo(); } default: throw UnknownKindException(kind, "GetFoo"); } } POD::GetBar(), POD::GetBaz(), POD::GetXyzzy(), and other members are implemented similarly. This example is simplified. The actual code has about a dozen different subtypes of POD, and a couple dozen methods. New subtypes of POD and new methods are added pretty frequently, and so every time we do that, we have to update all these switch statements. The typical way to handle this would be to declare the function members virtual in the POD class, but we can't do that because the objects reside in shared memory. There is a lot of code that depends on these structs being plain-old-data, so even if I could figure out some way to have virtual functions in shared-memory objects, I wouldn't want to do that. So, I'm looking for suggestions as to the best way to clean this up so that all the knowledge of how to call the subtype methods is centralized in one place, rather than scattered among a couple dozen switch statements in a couple dozen functions. What occurs to me is that I can create some sort of adapter class that wraps a POD and uses templates to minimize the redundancy. But before I start down that path, I'd like to know how others have dealt with this.

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  • Transition between many Views in ViewFlipper ?

    - by user164589
    Hi guys, I am using "ViewFlipper" for my application. This ViewFlipper includes 5 layouts. I am trying make it that can be changed from current layout to any layout. In other words, it can be changed Layout#1 - Layout#5 or Layout#4 - Layout#1 ..etc. How to make it ? I used showNext() and showPrevious(). It is not better idea for my case. Can I use ViewSwither instead of this case ? Please advice. Can you give example code related this issue ? Thanks in advance.

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  • T-SQL Better way to determine max of date (accounting for nulls)

    - by Josh
    I am comparing two dates and trying to determine the max of the two dates. A null date would be considered less than a valid date. I am using the following case statement, which works - but feels very inefficient and clunky. Is there a better way? update @TEMP_EARNED set nextearn = case when lastoccurrence is null and lastearned is null then null when lastoccurrence is null then lastearned when lastearned is null then lastoccurrence when lastoccurrence > lastearned then lastoccurrence else lastearned end; (This is in MS SQL 2000, FYI.)

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  • Perfect Forwarding to async lambda

    - by Alexander Kondratskiy
    I have a function template, where I want to do perfect forwarding into a lambda that I run on another thread. Here is a minimal test case which you can directly compile: #include <thread> #include <future> #include <utility> #include <iostream> #include <vector> /** * Function template that does perfect forwarding to a lambda inside an * async call (or at least tries to). I want both instantiations of the * function to work (one for lvalue references T&, and rvalue reference T&&). * However, I cannot get the code to compile when calling it with an lvalue. * See main() below. */ template <typename T> std::string accessValueAsync(T&& obj) { std::future<std::string> fut = std::async(std::launch::async, [](T&& vec) mutable { return vec[0]; }, std::forward<T>(obj)); return fut.get(); } int main(int argc, char const *argv[]) { std::vector<std::string> lvalue{"Testing"}; // calling with what I assume is an lvalue reference does NOT compile std::cout << accessValueAsync(lvalue) << std::endl; // calling with rvalue reference compiles std::cout << accessValueAsync(std::move(lvalue)) << std::endl; // I want both to compile. return 0; } For the non-compiling case, here is the last line of the error message which is intelligible: main.cpp|13 col 29| note: no known conversion for argument 1 from ‘std::vector<std::basic_string<char> >’ to ‘std::vector<std::basic_string<char> >&’ I have a feeling it may have something to do with how T&& is deduced, but I can't pinpoint the exact point of failure and fix it. Any suggestions? Thank you! EDIT: I am using gcc 4.7.0 just in case this could be a compiler issue (probably not)

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  • Reducing a normalized table to one value

    - by Dio
    Hello, I'm sure this has been asked but I'm not quite sure how to properly search for this question, my apologies. I have two tables, Foo and Bar. For has one row per Food, bar has many rows per food matching descriptors. Foo name id Apple 1 Orange 2 Bar id description 1 Tasty 1 Ripe 2 Sweet etc (sorry for the somewhat contrived example). I'm trying to return a query where if, for each row in Foo, Bar contains a descriptor in ('Tasty', 'Juicy') return true ex: Output Apple True Orange False I had been solving this somewhat trivially with a case when I only had one item to match select Foo.name, case bar.description when 'Tasty' then True else 'False' end from Foo left join Bar on foo.id = bar.id where bar.description = 'Tasty' But with multiple items, I keep ending up with extra rows: Output Apple True Apple False etc etc Can someone point me in the right direction on how to think about this problem or what I should be doing? Thank you.

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  • When is it appropriate to use C++ exceptions?

    - by krebstar
    I'm trying to design a class that needs to dynamically allocate some memory.. I had planned to allocate the memory it needs during construction, but how do I handle failed memory allocations? Should I throw an exception? I read somewhere that exceptions should only be used for "exceptional" cases, and running out of memory doesn't seem like an exceptional case to me.. Should I allocate memory in a separate initialization routine instead and check for failures and then destroy the class instance gracefully? Or should I use exceptions instead? The class won't have anything useful to do if these memory allocations should fail.. EDIT: The consensus seems to be that running out of memory IS an exceptional case. Will see how to go about this.. Thanks.. :)

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  • How do I generate (and label) a random integer with python 3.2?

    - by An hero
    Okay, so I'm admittedly a newbie to programming, but I can't determine how to get python v3.2 to generate a random positive integer between parameters I've given it. Just so you can understand the context, I'm trying to create a guessing-game where the user inputs parameters (say 1 to 50), and the computer generates a random number between the given numbers. The user would then have to guess the value that the computer has chosen. I've searched long and hard, but all of the solutions I can find only tell one how to get earlier versions of python to generate a random integer. As near as I can tell, v.3.2 changed how to generate and label a random integer. Anyone know how to do this? Thanks!

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  • How to receive packets on the MCU's serial port?

    - by itisravi
    Hello, Consider this code running on my microcontroller unit(MCU): while(1){ do_stuff; if(packet_from_PC) send_data_via_gpio(new_packet); //send via general purpose i/o pins else send_data_via_gpio(default_packet); do_other_stuff; } The MCU is also interfaced to a PC via a UART.Whenever the PC sends data to the MCU, the *new_packet* is sent, otherwise the *default_packet* is sent.Each packet can be 5 or more bytes with a pre defined packet structure. My question is: 1.Should i receive the entire packet from PC using inside the UART interrut service routine (ISR)? In this case, i have to implement a state machine inside the ISR to assemble the packet (which can be lengthy with if-else or switch-case blocks). 2.Detect a REQUEST command (one byte)from the PC in my ISR set a flag, diable UART interrupt alone and form the packet in my while(1) loop by polling the UART?

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  • What is the difference between remote procedure call and web service

    - by xiao
    Is there any clear definition about RPC and Web Service? A quick wikipedia search shows: RPC: Remote procedure call (RPC) is an Inter-process communication technology that allows a computer program to cause a subroutine or procedure to execute in another address space (commonly on another computer on a shared network) without the programmer explicitly coding the details for this remote interaction. Web Service: Web services are typically application programming interfaces (API) or web APIs that are accessed via Hypertext Transfer Protocol and executed on a remote system hosting the requested services. Web services tend to fall into one of two camps: Big Web Services[1] and RESTful Web Services. I am not quite clear what the real difference between the two things. It seems that one thing could belongs to RPC and is kind of web service at the same time. Is Web Service a higher level representation of RPC?

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  • Communication via internet in Java

    - by Stuart
    What I mean is like servers on video games. You can run an application and it will set up a server on your computer with an IP and a port. For example, how would you make an application where one host application sets up a thing where it has an IP and a port, and another computer that has access to the internet as well can type in the IP and port and it would be able to communicate with the host? I mean simple communication, like sending a boolean or String. And would there be any security problems that would be needed to fix?

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  • Is Jquery $(this) broken by jqgrid gridunload method?

    - by chohi
    I expect the following code to unload a javascipt jqgrid, then load another grid with different options, including different columns //onload (function($) $.fn.myGridFn = function(options){ $(this).jqGrid('GridUnload'); $(this).jqGrid(options.gridoptions); //.... $('#select').change(function(){ switch($(this).val()) { case 'grid1': $('#grid').myGridFn({gridoptions:{/*grid1 options*/}}); break; case 'grid2': $('#grid').myGridFn({gridoptions:{/*grid2 options*/}}); break; } }); })(jQuery); //... <table id="grid"></table> What I get is the grid unloading, then I have to change the selection in the select element and back again to load the new grid. Updated: If I replace the $(this) in the plugin with the actual element selector $('#grid') - it works just fine, I cant do this in my real app because the plugin is used by several other table elements and grids

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  • Saving an IP adddress to DB

    - by Mark
    I want to save a user's IP address to my database just in case any legal issues come up and we need to track down who performed what action. Since I highly doubt I will ever actually need to use this data (well, maybe for counting unique hits or something) do you think I can just dump the REMOTE_ADDR into a field? If so, what should the length of that field be? 39 chars should fit an IPv6 address, no? I don't know if I'll ever get any of those, but just in case...

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  • Java 7 API design best practice - return Array or return Collection

    - by Shengjie
    I know this question has be asked before generic comes out. Array does win out a bit given Array enforces the return type, it's more type-safe. But now, with latest JDK 7, every time when I design this type of APIs: public String[] getElements(String type) vs public List<String> getElements(String type) I am always struggling to think of some good reasons to return A Collection over An Array or another way around. What's the best practice when it comes to the case of choosing String[] or List as the API's return type? Or it's courses for horses. I don't have a special case in my mind, I am more looking for a generic pros/cons comparison.

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  • Error handling and polymorphism

    - by Neeraj
    I have an application with some bunch of code like this: errCode = callMainSystem(); switch (errCode){ case FailErr: error("Err corresponding to val1\n"); case IgnoreErr: error("Err corresponding to val2\n"); ... ... default: error("Unknown error\n"); } The values are enum constants. Will it make some sense to have something like: // Error* callMainSystem() ... Some code return FaileErr(); // or some other error // handling code Error* err = callMainSystem(); err->toString(); The Error class may be made singleton as it only has to print error messages. What are the pros and cons of above methods,size is an important criteria as the application needs to be supported on embedded devices as well. P.S: I don't want to use exception handling because of portability issues and associated overheads.

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  • Is it possible to send an automated email with dynamic content in Rails

    - by Danny McClelland
    Hi Everyone, I am looking into the best way of doing the following: I have a model called Kase, and when a user creates a new case then are taken to the show view as you would expect. I am trying to work out what the best way of sending an automated email between those two events is. I would need to include in the email the content of a couple of the fields, ideally I am looking for a way of just typing out the email and adding the same snippets that are in the show view for each of the fields I need. I am using the Base App from Github so the email sending is already setup for the user authentication and registration, but I'm not sure where to begin. The reason I want to send the email is to create a new Case in our Highrise account, and I don't have a clue how to use the API. So I think the email sending is the easier way. Thanks, Danny

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  • C++ Long switch statement or look up with a map?

    - by Rachel
    In my C++ application, I have some values that act as codes to represent other values. To translate the codes, I've been debating between using a switch statement or an stl map. The switch would look something like this: int code; int value; switch(code) { case 1: value = 10; break; case 2: value = 15; break; } The map would be an stl::map<int, int> and translation would be a simple lookup with the code used as the key value. Which one is better/more efficient/cleaner/accepted? Why?

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  • Recommendations with hierarchical data on non-relational databases?

    - by Luki
    I'm developing an web application that uses a non-relational database as a backend (django-nonrel + AppEngine). I need to store some hierarchical data (projects/subproject_1/subproject_N/tasks), and I'm wondering which pattern should I use. For now I thought of: Adjacency List (store the item's parent id) Nested sets (store left and right values for the item) In my case, the depth of nesting for a normal user will not exceed 4-5 levels. Also, on the UI, I would like to have a pagination for the items on the first level, to avoid to load too many items at the first page load. From what I understand so far, nested sets are great when the hierarchy is used more for displaying. Adjacency lists are great when editing on the tree is done often. In my case I guess I need the displaying more than the editing (when using nested sets, even if the display would work great, the above pagination could complicate things on editing). Do you have any thoughts and advice, based on your experience with the non-relational databases?

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  • SQL server 2055 remote connection problem, cannot solve it help please thank you

    - by user287745
    note:- if this question does not fit this site please do not just close it but also redirect the question to the fitting sister site, thank you" the steps taken and the error are mentioned please help, i am stuck here! installed sql server 2005 express on both computers installed sql server management studio express on both computers ran each management studio and connect to instance sqlserver using windows authentication ( one computer connection example "A-63A9D4D7E7834\SQLEXPRESS" ) created a database in the databases named as "test1" created a few tables with data saved and exit. did everything what this site says " How to configure SQL Server 2005 to allow remote connections" [add h t t p here as spam prevention] ://support.microsoft.com/kb/914277/en-us" but i have just disable the firewalls completely :turn off connecting to A-63A9D4D7E7834 started "SQL Server Management Studio Express" on computer A-63A9D4D7E7834 sever name: "ALL-E425BE6C41D\SQLEXPRESS" authentication: "windows authentication" and CONNECT I GET THE FOLLOWING ERROR Cannot connect to ALL-E425BE6C41D\SQLEXPRESS. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: Login failed for user 'ALL-E425BE6C41D\Guest'. (Microsoft SQL Server, Error: 18456) For help, click: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink?ProdName=Microsoft+SQL+Server&EvtSrc=MSSQLServer&EvtID=18456&LinkId=20476 BUTTONS: OK HELP

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  • urgent..haskell mini interpreter

    - by mohamed elshikh
    i'm asked to implement this project and i have problems in part b which is the eval function this is the full describtion of the project You are required to implement an interpreter for mini-Haskell language. An interpreter is dened in Wikipedia as a computer program that executes, i.e. performs, instructions written in a programming language. The interpreter should be able to evaluate functions written in a special notation, which you will dene. A function is dened by: Function name Input Parameters : dened as a list of variables. The body of the function. The body of the function can be any of the following statements: a) Variable: The function may return any of the input variables. b) Arithmetic Expressions: The arithmetic expressions include input variables and addition, sub- traction, multiplication, division and modulus operations on arithmetic expressions. c) Boolean Expressions: The Boolean expressions include the ordering of arithmetic expressions (applying the relationships: <, =<, , = or =) and the anding, oring and negation of Boolean expressions. d) If-then-else statements: where the if keyword is followed by a Boolean expression. The then and else parts may be followed by any of the statements described here. e) Guarded expressions: where each case consists of a boolean expression and any of the statements described here. The expression consists of any number of cases. The rst case whose condition is true, its body should be evaluated. The guarded expression has to terminate with an otherwise case. f) Function calls: the body of the function may have a call to another function. Note that all inputs passed to the function will be of type Int. The output of the function can be of type Int or Bool. To implement the interpreter, you are required to implement the following: a) Dene a datatype for the following expressions: Variables Arithmetic expressions Boolean expressions If-then-else statements Guarded expressions Functions b) Implement the function eval which evaluates a function. It takes 3 inputs: The name of a function to be evaluated represented as a string. A list of inputs to that function. The arguments will always be of datatype Int. A list of functions. Each function is represented as instance of the datatype that you have created for functions. c) Implement the function get_type that returns the type of the function (as a string). The input to this function is the same as in part b. here is what i've done data Variable = v(char) data Arth= va Variable | Add Arth Arth | Sub Arth Arth | Times Arth Arth | Divide Arth Arth data Bol= Great Arth Arth | Small Arth Arth | Geq Arth Arth | Seq Arth Arth | And Bol Bol | Or Bol Bol | Neg Bol data Cond = data Guard = data Fun =cons String [Variable] Body data Body= bodycons(String) |Bol |Cond |Guard |Arth

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  • n*n blocks and polygons

    - by OSaad
    Hi, this is actually meant to be for a function called roipoly in matlab but it can be considered a general case problem. Roipoly is a function which lets u select a polygon over an image, and returns a binary mask where u can use it to get indices of the desired polygon. (It is just a normal polygon after all). My application (K-Nearest Neighbor) requires that i make n*n blocks out of the data i have (the polygon), i.e. If i have a polygon (a road or a piece of land), i want a n*n square moving over it while avoiding intersection with edges and putting those n*n pixels into some variable. This problem would be a lot easier if i had all my shapes in the form of rectangles, but that unfortunately isn't the case. I might have something going diagonal, circular or just irregular.

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  • Why web controls does not have sufficient events like windows application?

    - by Vibin Jith
    Hai , An asp panel contains only 6 events. if they provide a visibilechanged event it may very useful for me. if it is in windows application ,how easy it is.I dont know why thy are not providing all these.This is same as in the case of gridView, button ,etc. just think , I have an Iframe in an asp panel and two buttons. In first time it is invisible .Buttons named first and second respectively. Two another pages One.aspx,two.aspx. These two pages contains each text box. When you click on the First button . I want to set the Iframe src="One.aspx" and display "first" in the textbox on One.aspx. as same in the case , when user clicks Second button. How to do this ?

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