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• How to cluster two IIS servers for failover?

  - by Ram Gopal

  We have IIS servers running in 2 machines hosting few webservices which provided some integration services to an old document Mgmt system, word/excel related service, etc.... We need to cluster/load balance these 2 IIS in order to achieve a fail-over. i.e If one of the IIS server is down, the other on should be able to handle the request. The reverse proxy used in the DMZ is also IIS 7.5 Our overall business application is in fact a J2EE one and we have successfully deployed on a weblogic cluster installed on the same two machines and load balance from the same above mentioned IIS reverse proxy at DMZ. But we do not know how to achieve this in case of IIS.

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• Clustering Basics and Challenges

  - by Karoly Vegh

  For upcoming posts it seemed to be a good idea to dedicate some time for cluster basic concepts and theory. This post misses a lot of details that would explode the articlesize, should you have questions, do not hesitate to ask them in the comments.  The goal here is to get some concepts straight. I can't promise to give you an overall complete definitions of cluster, cluster agent, quorum, voting, fencing, split brain condition, so the following is more of an explanation. Here we go. -------- Cluster, HA, failover, switchover, scalability -------- An attempted definition of a Cluster: A cluster is a set (2+) server nodes dedicated to keep application services alive, communicating through the cluster software/framework with eachother, test and probe health status of servernodes/services and with quorum based decisions and with switchover/failover techniques keep the application services running on them available. That is, should a node that runs a service unexpectedly lose functionality/connection, the other ones would take over the and run the services, so that availability is guaranteed. To provide availability while strictly sticking to a consistent clusterconfiguration is the main goal of a cluster.  At this point we have to add that this defines a HA-cluster, a High-Availability cluster, where the clusternodes are planned to run the services in an active-standby, or failover fashion. An example could be a single instance database. Some applications can be run in a distributed or scalable fashion. In the latter case instances of the application run actively on separate clusternodes serving servicerequests simultaneously. An example for this version could be a webserver that forwards connection requests to many backend servers in a round-robin way. Or a database running in active-active RAC setup.  -------- Cluster arhitecture, interconnect, topologies -------- Now, what is a cluster made of? Servers, right. These servers (the clusternodes) need to communicate. This of course happens over the network, usually over dedicated network interfaces interconnecting all the clusternodes. These connection are called interconnects.How many clusternodes are in a cluster? There are different cluster topologies. The most simple one is a clustered pair topology, involving only two clusternodes:  There are several more topologies, clicking the image above will take you to the relevant documentation. Also, to answer the question Solaris Cluster allows you to run up to 16 servers in a cluster. Where shall these clusternodes be placed? A very important question. The right answer is: It depends on what you plan to achieve with the cluster. Do you plan to avoid only a server outage? Then you can place them right next to eachother in the datacenter. Do you need to avoid DataCenter outage? In that case of course you should place them at least in different fire zones. Or in two geographically distant DataCenters to avoid disasters like floods, large-scale fires or power outages. We call this a stretched- or campus cluster, the clusternodes being several kilometers away from eachother. To cover really large distances, you probably need to move to a GeoCluster, which is a different kind of animal.  What is a geocluster? A Geographic Cluster in Solaris Cluster terms is actually a metacluster between two, separate (locally-HA) clusters.  -------- Cluster resource types, agents, resources, resource groups -------- So how does the cluster manage my applications? The cluster needs to start, stop and probe your applications. If you application runs, the cluster needs to check regularly if the application state is healthy, does it respond over the network, does it have all the processes running, etc. This is called probing. If the cluster deems the application is in a faulty state, then it can try to restart it locally or decide to switch (stop on node A, start on node B) the service. Starting, stopping and probing are the three actions that a cluster agent does. There are many different kinds of agents included in Solaris Cluster, but you can build your own too. Examples are an agent that manages (mounts, moves) ZFS filesystems, or the Oracle DB HA agent that cares about the database, or an agent that moves a floating IP address between nodes. There are lots of other agents included for Apache, Tomcat, MySQL, Oracle DB, Oracle Weblogic, Zones, LDoms, NFS, DNS, etc.We also need to clarify the difference between a cluster resource and the cluster resource group.A cluster resource is something that is managed by a cluster agent. Cluster resource types are included in Solaris cluster (see above, e.g. HAStoragePlus, HA-Oracle, LogicalHost). You can group cluster resources into cluster resourcegroups, and switch these groups together from one node to another. To stick to the example above, to move an Oracle DB service from one node to another, you have to switch the group between nodes, and the agents of the cluster resources in the group will do the following:  On node A Shut down the DB Unconfigure the LogicalHost IP the DB Listener listens on unmount the filesystem   Then, on node B: mount the FS configure the IP  startup the DB -------- Voting, Quorum, Split Brain Condition, Fencing, Amnesia -------- How do the clusternodes agree upon their action? How do they decide which node runs what services? Another important question. Running a cluster is a strictly democratic thing.Every node has votes, and you need the majority of votes to have the deciding power. Now, this is usually no problem, clusternodes think very much all alike. Still, every action needs to be governed upon in a productive system, and has to be agreed upon. Agreeing is easy as long as the clusternodes all behave and talk to eachother over the interconnect. But if the interconnect is gone/down, this all gets tricky and confusing. Clusternodes think like this: "My job is to run these services. The other node does not answer my interconnect communication, it must be down. I'd better take control and run the services!". The problem is, as I have already mentioned, clusternodes very much think alike. If the interconnect is gone, they all assume the other node is down, and they all want to mount the data backend, enable the IP and run the database. Double IPs, double mounts, double DB instances - now that is trouble. Also, in a 2-node cluster they both have only 50% of the votes, that is, they themselves alone are not allowed to run a cluster.  This is where you need a quorum device. According to Wikipedia, the "requirement for a quorum is protection against totally unrepresentative action in the name of the body by an unduly small number of persons.". They need additional votes to run the cluster. For this requirement a 2-node cluster needs a quorum device or a quorum server. If the interconnect is gone, (this is what we call a split brain condition) both nodes start to race and try to reserve the quorum device to themselves. They do this, because the quorum device bears an additional vote, that could ensure majority (50% +1). The one that manages to lock the quorum device (e.g. if it's an FC LUN, it SCSI reserves it) wins the right to build/run a cluster, the other one - realizing he was late - panics/reboots to ensure the cluster config stays consistent.  Losing the interconnect isn't only endangering the availability of services, but it also endangers the cluster configuration consistence. Just imagine node A being down and during that the cluster configuration changes. Now node B goes down, and node A comes up. It isn't uptodate about the cluster configuration's changes so it will refuse to start a cluster, since that would lead to cluster amnesia, that is the cluster had some changes, but now runs with an older cluster configuration repository state, that is it's like it forgot about the changes.  Also, to ensure application data consistence, the clusternode that wins the race makes sure that a server that isn't part of or can't currently join the cluster can access the devices. This procedure is called fencing. This usually happens to storage LUNs via SCSI reservation.  Now, another important question: Where do I place the quorum disk?  Imagine having two sites, two separate datacenters, one in the north of the city and the other one in the south part of it. You run a stretched cluster in the clustered pair topology. Where do you place the quorum disk/server? If you put it into the north DC, and that gets hit by a meteor, you lose one clusternode, which isn't a problem, but you also lose your quorum, and the south clusternode can't keep the cluster running lacking the votes. This problem can't be solved with two sites and a campus cluster. You will need a third site to either place the quorum server to, or a third clusternode. Otherwise, lacking majority, if you lose the site that had your quorum, you lose the cluster. Okay, we covered the very basics. We haven't talked about virtualization support, CCR, ClusterFilesystems, DID devices, affinities, storage-replication, management tools, upgrade procedures - should those be interesting for you, let me know in the comments, along with any other questions. Given enough demand I'd be glad to write a followup post too. Now I really want to move on to the second part in the series: ClusterInstallation.  Oh, as for additional source of information, I recommend the documentation: http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E23623_01/index.html, and the OTN Oracle Solaris Cluster site: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-storage/solaris-cluster/index.html

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• Verifying Time Machine backups

  - by jtimberman

  I'm preparing my system for a Snow Leopard upgrade, and I prepare for the worst case scenario: full reinstall and restore. I would like to verify that my Time Machine backups are valid, and will restore correctly. My Time Machine backups go to a Linux server running Netatalk, and the backups complete successfully. How do I do a test restore to an alternative location, or otherwise verify my data without overwriting any existing files? Do I need to save anything in particular externally to make sure I can access the backups if I have to reinstall from scratch?

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• How to Deploy a Directory or WAR in TOMCAT6 using ANT?

  - by Hitesh

  I want to deploy directory which is extraction of .war file using ANT in Tomcat6. I have build.xml like <property name="WAR_PATH" value="E:/18-06-2013/TEST"/> <property name="mgr.context.path" value="/FOUR"/> <property name="url" value="http://localhost:8080/manager"/> <property name="username" value="tomcat"/> <property name="password" value="password"/> <target name="deploy" description="Install web application" > <deploy url="${url}" username="${username}" password="${password}" path="${mgr.context.path}" war="file:${WAR_PATH}"/ But when i run the ANT(build.xml) script i get error something like java.io.IOException: too many bytes written at sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection$StreamingOutputStream.write(HttpURLConnection.java:2632) at java.io.BufferedOutputStream.flushBuffer(BufferedOutputStream.java:65> Same script work properly when i try to deploy .war file But ANT(build.xml) script not work properly in case directory. I have also try to deploy directory using HTTP command it work properly.

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• CgiModule and FastCgiModule in IIS7

  - by Hari

  My web server is IIS7 running on Windows 2008 Web edition. There are nearly 40 modules when checked pre-installed "Modules". It also having "CgiModule and FastCgiModules". All the websites installed on this server purely runs with ASP.NET technology. Can I remove these two modules to improve performance? Same way, my application uses "Forms Authentication" only. In such case can I delete "Windows Authentication and WindowsAuthenticationModule"?. Also please suggest if any other modules can be deleted to improve performance.

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• How to get HP ASM to work under Xen Hypervisor?

  - by Dennis

  I have a HP DL560, currently running Debian Squeeze as dom0 on Xen Hypervisor, and the fans constantly run at 100%. In the past this wasn't a problem because I could install HP's ASM which includes fan management. However since I have installed a xen enabled kernel, the hp-health driver (the piece of ASM that controls the fans) won't start (at boot or manually). Anyone know of any way to make it work? (Or any other method of controlling the fans safely.) Note that the server has four i386 Xeon CPUs, each with its own fan, plus an extra case fan, and all of the fans can be doubled for redundancy. Also everything works fine under Squeeze without the xen-enabled kernel (can still boot the other one and hp-health loads fine on boot).

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• What is the difference between String and string in C#

  - by SAMIR BHOGAYTA

  string : ------ The string type represents a sequence of zero or more Unicode characters. string is an alias for String in the .NET Framework. 'string' is the intrinsic C# datatype, and is an alias for the system provided type "System.String". The C# specification states that as a matter of style the keyword ('string') is preferred over the full system type name (System.String, or String). Although string is a reference type, the equality operators (== and !=) are defined to compare the values of string objects, not references. This makes testing for string equality more intuitive. For example: String : ------ A String object is called immutable (read-only) because its value cannot be modified once it has been created. Methods that appear to modify a String object actually return a new String object that contains the modification. If it is necessary to modify the actual contents of a string-like object Difference between string & String : ---------- ------- ------ - ------ the string is usually used for declaration while String is used for accessing static string methods we can use 'string' do declare fields, properties etc that use the predefined type 'string', since the C# specification tells me this is good style. we can use 'String' to use system-defined methods, such as String.Compare etc. They are originally defined on 'System.String', not 'string'. 'string' is just an alias in this case. we can also use 'String' or 'System.Int32' when communicating with other system, especially if they are CLR-compliant. I.e. - if I get data from elsewhere, I'd deserialize it into a System.Int32 rather than an 'int', if the origin by definition was something else than a C# system.

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• Hello Operator, My Switch Is Bored

  - by Paul White

  This is a post for T-SQL Tuesday #43 hosted by my good friend Rob Farley. The topic this month is Plan Operators. I haven’t taken part in T-SQL Tuesday before, but I do like to write about execution plans, so this seemed like a good time to start. This post is in two parts. The first part is primarily an excuse to use a pretty bad play on words in the title of this blog post (if you’re too young to know what a telephone operator or a switchboard is, I hate you). The second part of the post looks at an invisible query plan operator (so to speak). 1. My Switch Is Bored Allow me to present the rare and interesting execution plan operator, Switch: Books Online has this to say about Switch: Following that description, I had a go at producing a Fast Forward Cursor plan that used the TOP operator, but had no luck. That may be due to my lack of skill with cursors, I’m not too sure. The only application of Switch in SQL Server 2012 that I am familiar with requires a local partitioned view: CREATE TABLE dbo.T1 (c1 int NOT NULL CHECK (c1 BETWEEN 00 AND 24)); CREATE TABLE dbo.T2 (c1 int NOT NULL CHECK (c1 BETWEEN 25 AND 49)); CREATE TABLE dbo.T3 (c1 int NOT NULL CHECK (c1 BETWEEN 50 AND 74)); CREATE TABLE dbo.T4 (c1 int NOT NULL CHECK (c1 BETWEEN 75 AND 99)); GO CREATE VIEW V1 AS SELECT c1 FROM dbo.T1 UNION ALL SELECT c1 FROM dbo.T2 UNION ALL SELECT c1 FROM dbo.T3 UNION ALL SELECT c1 FROM dbo.T4; Not only that, but it needs an updatable local partitioned view. We’ll need some primary keys to meet that requirement: ALTER TABLE dbo.T1 ADD CONSTRAINT PK_T1 PRIMARY KEY (c1);   ALTER TABLE dbo.T2 ADD CONSTRAINT PK_T2 PRIMARY KEY (c1);   ALTER TABLE dbo.T3 ADD CONSTRAINT PK_T3 PRIMARY KEY (c1);   ALTER TABLE dbo.T4 ADD CONSTRAINT PK_T4 PRIMARY KEY (c1); We also need an INSERT statement that references the view. Even more specifically, to see a Switch operator, we need to perform a single-row insert (multi-row inserts use a different plan shape): INSERT dbo.V1 (c1) VALUES (1); And now…the execution plan: The Constant Scan manufactures a single row with no columns. The Compute Scalar works out which partition of the view the new value should go in. The Assert checks that the computed partition number is not null (if it is, an error is returned). The Nested Loops Join executes exactly once, with the partition id as an outer reference (correlated parameter). The Switch operator checks the value of the parameter and executes the corresponding input only. If the partition id is 0, the uppermost Clustered Index Insert is executed, adding a row to table T1. If the partition id is 1, the next lower Clustered Index Insert is executed, adding a row to table T2…and so on. In case you were wondering, here’s a query and execution plan for a multi-row insert to the view: INSERT dbo.V1 (c1) VALUES (1), (2); Yuck! An Eager Table Spool and four Filters! I prefer the Switch plan. My guess is that almost all the old strategies that used a Switch operator have been replaced over time, using things like a regular Concatenation Union All combined with Start-Up Filters on its inputs. Other new (relative to the Switch operator) features like table partitioning have specific execution plan support that doesn’t need the Switch operator either. This feels like a bit of a shame, but perhaps it is just nostalgia on my part, it’s hard to know. Please do let me know if you encounter a query that can still use the Switch operator in 2012 – it must be very bored if this is the only possible modern usage! 2. Invisible Plan Operators The second part of this post uses an example based on a question Dave Ballantyne asked using the SQL Sentry Plan Explorer plan upload facility. If you haven’t tried that yet, make sure you’re on the latest version of the (free) Plan Explorer software, and then click the Post to SQLPerformance.com button. That will create a site question with the query plan attached (which can be anonymized if the plan contains sensitive information). Aaron Bertrand and I keep a close eye on questions there, so if you have ever wanted to ask a query plan question of either of us, that’s a good way to do it. The problem The issue I want to talk about revolves around a query issued against a calendar table. The script below creates a simplified version and adds 100 years of per-day information to it: USE tempdb; GO CREATE TABLE dbo.Calendar ( dt date NOT NULL, isWeekday bit NOT NULL, theYear smallint NOT NULL,   CONSTRAINT PK__dbo_Calendar_dt PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (dt) ); GO -- Monday is the first day of the week for me SET DATEFIRST 1;   -- Add 100 years of data INSERT dbo.Calendar WITH (TABLOCKX) (dt, isWeekday, theYear) SELECT CA.dt, isWeekday = CASE WHEN DATEPART(WEEKDAY, CA.dt) IN (6, 7) THEN 0 ELSE 1 END, theYear = YEAR(CA.dt) FROM Sandpit.dbo.Numbers AS N CROSS APPLY ( VALUES (DATEADD(DAY, N.n - 1, CONVERT(date, '01 Jan 2000', 113))) ) AS CA (dt) WHERE N.n BETWEEN 1 AND 36525; The following query counts the number of weekend days in 2013: SELECT Days = COUNT_BIG(*) FROM dbo.Calendar AS C WHERE theYear = 2013 AND isWeekday = 0; It returns the correct result (104) using the following execution plan: The query optimizer has managed to estimate the number of rows returned from the table exactly, based purely on the default statistics created separately on the two columns referenced in the query’s WHERE clause. (Well, almost exactly, the unrounded estimate is 104.289 rows.) There is already an invisible operator in this query plan – a Filter operator used to apply the WHERE clause predicates. We can see it by re-running the query with the enormously useful (but undocumented) trace flag 9130 enabled: Now we can see the full picture. The whole table is scanned, returning all 36,525 rows, before the Filter narrows that down to just the 104 we want. Without the trace flag, the Filter is incorporated in the Clustered Index Scan as a residual predicate. It is a little bit more efficient than using a separate operator, but residual predicates are still something you will want to avoid where possible. The estimates are still spot on though: Anyway, looking to improve the performance of this query, Dave added the following filtered index to the Calendar table: CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX Weekends ON dbo.Calendar(theYear) WHERE isWeekday = 0; The original query now produces a much more efficient plan: Unfortunately, the estimated number of rows produced by the seek is now wrong (365 instead of 104): What’s going on? The estimate was spot on before we added the index! Explanation You might want to grab a coffee for this bit. Using another trace flag or two (8606 and 8612) we can see that the cardinality estimates were exactly right initially: The highlighted information shows the initial cardinality estimates for the base table (36,525 rows), the result of applying the two relational selects in our WHERE clause (104 rows), and after performing the COUNT_BIG(*) group by aggregate (1 row). All of these are correct, but that was before cost-based optimization got involved :) Cost-based optimization When cost-based optimization starts up, the logical tree above is copied into a structure (the ‘memo’) that has one group per logical operation (roughly speaking). The logical read of the base table (LogOp_Get) ends up in group 7; the two predicates (LogOp_Select) end up in group 8 (with the details of the selections in subgroups 0-6). These two groups still have the correct cardinalities as trace flag 8608 output (initial memo contents) shows: During cost-based optimization, a rule called SelToIdxStrategy runs on group 8. It’s job is to match logical selections to indexable expressions (SARGs). It successfully matches the selections (theYear = 2013, is Weekday = 0) to the filtered index, and writes a new alternative into the memo structure. The new alternative is entered into group 8 as option 1 (option 0 was the original LogOp_Select): The new alternative is to do nothing (PhyOp_NOP = no operation), but to instead follow the new logical instructions listed below the NOP. The LogOp_GetIdx (full read of an index) goes into group 21, and the LogOp_SelectIdx (selection on an index) is placed in group 22, operating on the result of group 21. The definition of the comparison ‘the Year = 2013’ (ScaOp_Comp downwards) was already present in the memo starting at group 2, so no new memo groups are created for that. New Cardinality Estimates The new memo groups require two new cardinality estimates to be derived. First, LogOp_Idx (full read of the index) gets a predicted cardinality of 10,436. This number comes from the filtered index statistics: DBCC SHOW_STATISTICS (Calendar, Weekends) WITH STAT_HEADER; The second new cardinality derivation is for the LogOp_SelectIdx applying the predicate (theYear = 2013). To get a number for this, the cardinality estimator uses statistics for the column ‘theYear’, producing an estimate of 365 rows (there are 365 days in 2013!): DBCC SHOW_STATISTICS (Calendar, theYear) WITH HISTOGRAM; This is where the mistake happens. Cardinality estimation should have used the filtered index statistics here, to get an estimate of 104 rows: DBCC SHOW_STATISTICS (Calendar, Weekends) WITH HISTOGRAM; Unfortunately, the logic has lost sight of the link between the read of the filtered index (LogOp_GetIdx) in group 22, and the selection on that index (LogOp_SelectIdx) that it is deriving a cardinality estimate for, in group 21. The correct cardinality estimate (104 rows) is still present in the memo, attached to group 8, but that group now has a PhyOp_NOP implementation. Skipping over the rest of cost-based optimization (in a belated attempt at brevity) we can see the optimizer’s final output using trace flag 8607: This output shows the (incorrect, but understandable) 365 row estimate for the index range operation, and the correct 104 estimate still attached to its PhyOp_NOP. This tree still has to go through a few post-optimizer rewrites and ‘copy out’ from the memo structure into a tree suitable for the execution engine. One step in this process removes PhyOp_NOP, discarding its 104-row cardinality estimate as it does so. To finish this section on a more positive note, consider what happens if we add an OVER clause to the query aggregate. This isn’t intended to be a ‘fix’ of any sort, I just want to show you that the 104 estimate can survive and be used if later cardinality estimation needs it: SELECT Days = COUNT_BIG(*) OVER () FROM dbo.Calendar AS C WHERE theYear = 2013 AND isWeekday = 0; The estimated execution plan is: Note the 365 estimate at the Index Seek, but the 104 lives again at the Segment! We can imagine the lost predicate ‘isWeekday = 0’ as sitting between the seek and the segment in an invisible Filter operator that drops the estimate from 365 to 104. Even though the NOP group is removed after optimization (so we don’t see it in the execution plan) bear in mind that all cost-based choices were made with the 104-row memo group present, so although things look a bit odd, it shouldn’t affect the optimizer’s plan selection. I should also mention that we can work around the estimation issue by including the index’s filtering columns in the index key: CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX Weekends ON dbo.Calendar(theYear, isWeekday) WHERE isWeekday = 0 WITH (DROP_EXISTING = ON); There are some downsides to doing this, including that changes to the isWeekday column may now require Halloween Protection, but that is unlikely to be a big problem for a static calendar table ;)  With the updated index in place, the original query produces an execution plan with the correct cardinality estimation showing at the Index Seek: That’s all for today, remember to let me know about any Switch plans you come across on a modern instance of SQL Server! Finally, here are some other posts of mine that cover other plan operators: Segment and Sequence Project Common Subexpression Spools Why Plan Operators Run Backwards Row Goals and the Top Operator Hash Match Flow Distinct Top N Sort Index Spools and Page Splits Singleton and Range Seeks Bitmaps Hash Join Performance Compute Scalar © 2013 Paul White – All Rights Reserved Twitter: @SQL_Kiwi

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• JMS Adapter Step 0 : Configuring the WLS-JMS resources

  - by [email protected]

  Before getting started with the JMS Adapter, we must configure the connection factories/JMS queues on the WLS admin console. In particular, we will be required to follow these stepsCreate a connection factory. In our case, we will create a "XA Connection Factory". This step is mandatory if you need your JMS queues to participate in a global transaction. Create the WLS JMS QueuesCreating the connection factory:1) Login to the WLS Admin console. On my setup, the url looks like "http://localhost:7001/console".2) Select Services -> Messaging -> JMS Modules -> SOAJMSModule as shown below. We can also create a new JMS Module, but, I took the easier way out by selecting the SOAJMSModule. 3) Click on "New" as shown in order to create the Connection factory.4) Select "Connection Factory" radio button and click "Next".5) Enter the Connection Factory properties as shown and click on "Finish".6) Target the connection factory to your managed server and click on "Finish". 7) Now, go back and select the Connection Factory that you've just created (see Step 2 above) . Click on "Transactions" and enable XA and click on "Save".

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• TFS 2010 Server Name Change

  - by PearlFactory

  So I thought I would  change the name of my machine so that the other devs can find the TFS server easily. TFS 2005 would use the cool cmd line util tfsadminutil.....alas he is now gone HERE Are the steps to complete Edit the web.config and is usually located on default install C:\Program Files\Microsoft Team Foundation Server 2010\Application Tier\Web Services\web.config <add key="applicationDatabase" value="Data Source=JUSTIN\SQLI01;Initial Catalog=Tfs_Configuration;Integrated Security=True;" /> Next step is to edit previous Solutions/Projects 1) Open the Solution file i.e ProductApp.sln 2) Edit the SccTeamFoundationServer URL under Global section i.e Change this to new name   If you have DB server on same machine ...you will need to go in and remove existing db user account assigned to the tfs DB Remove old [%machine_name%] value i.e Tuned_Dev_PC_12\Justin user from the above DBs No add the new Justin\Justin user account associated with the new machine name to the TFS & Reporing dbs ... dbo or the TFSADMIN & TFSEXEC roles either will do in this case. (or add both ) Now either ReApply user or add New account (remove old account i.e Tuned_Dev_PC_12\justin) If DB permisions are setup correctyly you will get a screen that looks like this   If it pauses or gets stuck you need to look back at the adding correct DB Perms to the i.e JUSTIN\Justin user account Also if your project is still complaining about old TFS name 1) Team\Connect new Team Foundation Server 2) Add\Remove TFS 3) Add New TFS Name  Once you have connected to the new TFS server Reload your project from TFS..this way it removes a lot of the bugs that hang around in the local project\solution This is similar to a VSS2005 and older fix Cheers ( eta about 60-90 mins so weigh up the the need vs payoff. ) Shutdown restart

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• Extension Methods in Dot Net 2.0

  - by Tom Hines

  Not that anyone would still need this, but in case you have a situation where the code MUST be .NET 2.0 compliant and you want to use a cool feature like Extension methods, there is a way.  I saw this article when looking for ways to create extension methods in C++, C# and VB:  http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/cc163317.aspx The author shows a simple  way to declare/define the ExtensionAttribute so it's available to 2.0 .NET code. Please read the article to learn about the when and why and use the content below to learn HOW. In the next post, I'll demonstrate cross-language calling of extension methods. Here is a version of it in C# First, here's the project showing there's no VOODOO included: using System; namespace System.Runtime.CompilerServices {    [       AttributeUsage(          AttributeTargets.Assembly          | AttributeTargets.Class          | AttributeTargets.Method,       AllowMultiple = false, Inherited = false)    ]    class ExtensionAttribute : Attribute{} } namespace TestTwoDotExtensions {    public static class Program    {       public static void DoThingCS(this string str)       {          Console.WriteLine("2.0\t{0:G}\t2.0", str);       }       static void Main(string[] args)       {          "asdf".DoThingCS();       }    } }   Here is the C++ version: // TestTwoDotExtensions_CPP.h #pragma once using namespace System; namespace System {        namespace Runtime {               namespace CompilerServices {               [                      AttributeUsage(                            AttributeTargets::Assembly                             | AttributeTargets::Class                            | AttributeTargets::Method,                      AllowMultiple = false, Inherited = false)               ]               public ref class ExtensionAttribute : Attribute{};               }        } } using namespace System::Runtime::CompilerServices; namespace TestTwoDotExtensions_CPP { public ref class CTestTwoDotExtensions_CPP {    public:            [ExtensionAttribute] // or [Extension]            static void DoThingCPP(String^ str)    {       Console::WriteLine("2.0\t{0:G}\t2.0", str);    } }; }

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• New Bundling and Minification Support (ASP.NET 4.5 Series)

  - by ScottGu

  This is the sixth in a series of blog posts I'm doing on ASP.NET 4.5. The next release of .NET and Visual Studio include a ton of great new features and capabilities.  With ASP.NET 4.5 you'll see a bunch of really nice improvements with both Web Forms and MVC - as well as in the core ASP.NET base foundation that both are built upon. Today’s post covers some of the work we are doing to add built-in support for bundling and minification into ASP.NET - which makes it easy to improve the performance of applications.  This feature can be used by all ASP.NET applications, including both ASP.NET MVC and ASP.NET Web Forms solutions. Basics of Bundling and Minification As more and more people use mobile devices to surf the web, it is becoming increasingly important that the websites and apps we build perform well with them. We’ve all tried loading sites on our smartphones – only to eventually give up in frustration as it loads slowly over a slow cellular network.  If your site/app loads slowly like that, you are likely losing potential customers because of bad performance.  Even with powerful desktop machines, the load time of your site and perceived performance can make an enormous customer perception. Most websites today are made up of multiple JavaScript and CSS files to separate the concerns and keep the code base tight. While this is a good practice from a coding point of view, it often has some unfortunate consequences for the overall performance of the website.  Multiple JavaScript and CSS files require multiple HTTP requests from a browser – which in turn can slow down the performance load time.  Simple Example Below I’ve opened a local website in IE9 and recorded the network traffic using IE’s built-in F12 developer tools. As shown below, the website consists of 5 CSS and 4 JavaScript files which the browser has to download. Each file is currently requested separately by the browser and returned by the server, and the process can take a significant amount of time proportional to the number of files in question. Bundling ASP.NET is adding a feature that makes it easy to “bundle” or “combine” multiple CSS and JavaScript files into fewer HTTP requests. This causes the browser to request a lot fewer files and in turn reduces the time it takes to fetch them.   Below is an updated version of the above sample that takes advantage of this new bundling functionality (making only one request for the JavaScript and one request for the CSS): The browser now has to send fewer requests to the server. The content of the individual files have been bundled/combined into the same response, but the content of the files remains the same - so the overall file size is exactly the same as before the bundling.   But notice how even on a local dev machine (where the network latency between the browser and server is minimal), the act of bundling the CSS and JavaScript files together still manages to reduce the overall page load time by almost 20%.  Over a slow network the performance improvement would be even better. Minification The next release of ASP.NET is also adding a new feature that makes it easy to reduce or “minify” the download size of the content as well.  This is a process that removes whitespace, comments and other unneeded characters from both CSS and JavaScript. The result is smaller files, which will download and load in a browser faster.  The graph below shows the performance gain we are seeing when both bundling and minification are used together: Even on my local dev box (where the network latency is minimal), we now have a 40% performance improvement from where we originally started.  On slow networks (and especially with international customers), the gains would be even more significant. Using Bundling and Minification inside ASP.NET The upcoming release of ASP.NET makes it really easy to take advantage of bundling and minification within projects and see performance gains like in the scenario above. The way it does this allows you to avoid having to run custom tools as part of your build process –  instead ASP.NET has added runtime support to perform the bundling/minification for you dynamically (caching the results to make sure perf is great).  This enables a really clean development experience and makes it super easy to start to take advantage of these new features. Let’s assume that we have a simple project that has 4 JavaScript files and 6 CSS files: Bundling and Minifying the .css files Let’s say you wanted to reference all of the stylesheets in the “Styles” folder above on a page.  Today you’d have to add multiple CSS references to get all of them – which would translate into 6 separate HTTP requests: The new bundling/minification feature now allows you to instead bundle and minify all of the .css files in the Styles folder – simply by sending a URL request to the folder (in this case “styles”) with an appended “/css” path after it.  For example:    This will cause ASP.NET to scan the directory, bundle and minify the .css files within it, and send back a single HTTP response with all of the CSS content to the browser.  You don’t need to run any tools or pre-processor to get this behavior.  This enables you to cleanly separate your CSS into separate logical .css files and maintain a very clean development experience – while not taking a performance hit at runtime for doing so.  The Visual Studio designer will also honor the new bundling/minification logic as well – so you’ll still get a WYSWIYG designer experience inside VS as well. Bundling and Minifying the JavaScript files Like the CSS approach above, if we wanted to bundle and minify all of our JavaScript into a single response we could send a URL request to the folder (in this case “scripts”) with an appended “/js” path after it:   This will cause ASP.NET to scan the directory, bundle and minify the .js files within it, and send back a single HTTP response with all of the JavaScript content to the browser.  Again – no custom tools or builds steps were required in order to get this behavior.  And it works with all browsers. Ordering of Files within a Bundle By default, when files are bundled by ASP.NET they are sorted alphabetically first, just like they are shown in Solution Explorer. Then they are automatically shifted around so that known libraries and their custom extensions such as jQuery, MooTools and Dojo are loaded before anything else. So the default order for the merged bundling of the Scripts folder as shown above will be: Jquery-1.6.2.js Jquery-ui.js Jquery.tools.js a.js By default, CSS files are also sorted alphabetically and then shifted around so that reset.css and normalize.css (if they are there) will go before any other file. So the default sorting of the bundling of the Styles folder as shown above will be: reset.css content.css forms.css globals.css menu.css styles.css The sorting is fully customizable, though, and can easily be changed to accommodate most use cases and any common naming pattern you prefer.  The goal with the out of the box experience, though, is to have smart defaults that you can just use and be successful with. Any number of directories/sub-directories supported In the example above we just had a single “Scripts” and “Styles” folder for our application.  This works for some application types (e.g. single page applications).  Often, though, you’ll want to have multiple CSS/JS bundles within your application – for example: a “common” bundle that has core JS and CSS files that all pages use, and then page specific or section specific files that are not used globally. You can use the bundling/minification support across any number of directories or sub-directories in your project – this makes it easy to structure your code so as to maximize the bunding/minification benefits.  Each directory by default can be accessed as a separate URL addressable bundle.  Bundling/Minification Extensibility ASP.NET’s bundling and minification support is built with extensibility in mind and every part of the process can be extended or replaced. Custom Rules In addition to enabling the out of the box - directory-based - bundling approach, ASP.NET also supports the ability to register custom bundles using a new programmatic API we are exposing.  The below code demonstrates how you can register a “customscript” bundle using code within an application’s Global.asax class.  The API allows you to add/remove/filter files that go into the bundle on a very granular level:     The above custom bundle can then be referenced anywhere within the application using the below <script> reference:     Custom Processing You can also override the default CSS and JavaScript bundles to support your own custom processing of the bundled files (for example: custom minification rules, support for Saas, LESS or Coffeescript syntax, etc). In the example below we are indicating that we want to replace the built-in minification transforms with a custom MyJsTransform and MyCssTransform class. They both subclass the CSS and JavaScript minifier respectively and can add extra functionality:     The end result of this extensibility is that you can plug-into the bundling/minification logic at a deep level and do some pretty cool things with it. 2 Minute Video of Bundling and Minification in Action Mads Kristensen has a great 90 second video that shows off using the new Bundling and Minification feature.  You can watch the 90 second video here. Summary The new bundling and minification support within the next release of ASP.NET will make it easier to build fast web applications.  It is really easy to use, and doesn’t require major changes to your existing dev workflow.  It is also supports a rich extensibility API that enables you to customize it however you want. You can easily take advantage of this new support within ASP.NET MVC, ASP.NET Web Forms and ASP.NET Web Pages based applications. Hope this helps, Scott P.S. In addition to blogging, I use Twitter to-do quick posts and share links. My Twitter handle is: @scottgu

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• LINKED TABLES BETWEEN MS ACCESS 2003 AND MS ACCESS 2007-WRITE PERMISSIONS DENIED

  - by STEVE KING

  We are in the process of switching over to ACCESS 2007. We have numerous data tables in ACCESS 2003 files. In one case, the user has 2007 on his PC and opend the front end in 2007. No problems. When the the user is done, he clicks a button that executes a macro full of update queries. The macro reaches the first query and halts. We get a messge saying we do not have permisons to write to this linked table (2003 format). There were no security files involved. We re-linked from 2007, same problem. LAN permssions were ok. I wound up having to import the tables to front end in order for the user to be able to do his job.

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• Does NMBD depend on DHCP?

  - by Atilla Filiz

  I am trying to debug a SMB share issue on an embedded Linux setup. Before diving into source code, I want to make sure this is not a configuration problem. So here is my case: Scenario-1: dhcp server enabled by default 1- system boots 2- udhcpcd server starts 3- smb server starts (smbd) 4- nmb server starts (nmbd) 5- smb share accessible Scenario-2: dhcp server disabled by default 1- system boots 2- smbd starts 3- nmbd fails to start 4- smb share inaccessible 5- $/etc/init.d/udhcpcd start 6- $/usr/sbin/nmbd still fails without an error message The client pc and the server device have static IP addresses in both cases. Is it possible that, NMBD somehow depends on a DHCP server at start?

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• Is there a Windows equivalent of Unix 'CPU steal time'?

  - by Steffen Opel

  In order to assess performance monitoring accuracy on virtualization platforms, the CPU steal time has become an increasingly relevant metric - see EC2 monitoring: the case of stolen CPU for an instructive summary in the context of Amazon EC2 and IBM's paper on CPU time accounting for a more in-depth technical explanation (including illustrations) of the concept: Steal time is the percentage of time a virtual CPU waits for a real CPU while the hypervisor is servicing another virtual processor. Accordingly, it is exposed in most related Unix/Linux monitoring tools nowadays - see e.g. columns %steal or st in sar or top: st -- Steal Time The amount of CPU 'stolen' from this virtual machine by the hypervisor for other tasks (such as running another virtual machine). I've been unable to figure out how to capture the same metric on Windows though, is this possible already? (Ideally for the Windows 2008 Server R2 AMIs on EC2 and via a respective Windows Performance Counters of course.)

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• Fixing Windows 7 hibernation

  - by 80skeys

  I've been mucking around with the partitions on my laptop (I'm an experienced Linux/grub guy) and have somehow ended up affecting the ability of Windows 7 to go into hibernate mode. All other functionality seems to be okay. But when I press Hibernate, it behaves as if it starts to (screen goes dark, a little disk activity) but never powers off and if I move the mouse the login screen instantly comes up. I don't know if Window uses a separate partition for hibernation? There is a 200MB partition on the drive - I seem to recall it was related to diagnostics or some other Windows- boot menu stuff. In any case, wondering if there's some commands I can run to restore the ability to hibernate and also which partitions need to be marked "active" and if there's anything I need to do to the MBR of the hard drive or the MBR of the Windows partition? As I said, Windows boots fine as long as it is designated the Active partition. I just need to fix Hibernation.

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• how to protect telnet access to smtp port 25?

  - by Michael Mao

  Hi all: Please consider the following: 192-168-1-106:~ michael$ telnet <remote_server_ip> 25 Trying <remote_server_ip>... Connected to li*****.linode.com. Escape character is '^]'. 220 mindinscription.net ESMTP Postfix (Ubuntu) quit 221 2.0.0 Bye Connection closed by foreign host. Is this very bad? how to protect port 25 from malicious attackers? I've already set up a firewall, but not very sure what to do in this case. Basically I'd like to use this server to only send emails as alert messages, not receiving any external emails. Many thanks to the help in advance.

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• Ubuntu 14.04: After login, top- and sidepanel don't load and system settings don't open

  - by Löwe Simon

  I have Ubuntu 14.04 on a Medion Erazer with the Nvidia GTX570M card. At first, while I had not installed the last nvidia driver, each time I would try to suspend my pc it would freeze frame on the login. Once I managed to install the nvidia drivers, everything seemed to work up until I noticed that suddenly the system settings would not open anymore. I then rebooted my pc, but when I logged in I just end up with my cursor but no top panel or side pannel. Thankfully, I had installed the gnome desktops which works, except for the fact the system settings do not open also in the gnome desktop. I have tried following: Problems after upgrading to 14.04 (only background and pointer after login) except for reinstalling nvidia, since then I would be back at square one with suspend not working. When I try to launch system settings through the terminal, I get: simon@simon-X681X:~$ unity-control-center libGL error: No matching fbConfigs or visuals found libGL error: failed to load driver: swrast (unity-control-center:2806): Gdk-ERROR **: The program 'unity-control-center' received an X Window System error. This probably reflects a bug in the program. The error was 'BadLength (poly request too large or internal Xlib length erro'. (Details: serial 229 error_code 16 request_code 155 (GLX) minor_code 1) (Note to programmers: normally, X errors are reported asynchronously; that is, you will receive the error a while after causing it. To debug your program, run it with the GDK_SYNCHRONIZE environment variable to change this behavior. You can then get a meaningful backtrace from your debugger if you break on the gdk_x_error() function.) Trace/breakpoint trap (core dumped) I know the 2 problems seem unrelated, but since they occured together, I am wondering if that is really the case. Your help is much appreciated, Simon

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• What is recommended minimum object size for gzip performance benefits?

  - by utt73

  I'm working on improving page speed display times, and one of the methods is to gzip content from the webserver. Google recommends: Note that gzipping is only beneficial for larger resources. Due to the overhead and latency of compression and decompression, you should only gzip files above a certain size threshold; we recommend a minimum range between 150 and 1000 bytes. Gzipping files below 150 bytes can actually make them larger. We serve our content through Akamai, using their network for a proxy and CDN. What they've told me: Following up on your question regarding what is the minimum size Akamai will compress the requested object when sending it to the end user: The minimum size is 860 bytes. My reply: What is the reason(s) for why Akamai's minimum size is 860 bytes? And why, for example, is this not the case for files Akamai serves for facebook? (see below) Google recommends to gzip more agressively. And that seems appropriate on our site where the most frequent hits, by far, are AJAX calls that are <860 bytes. Akamai's response: The reasons 860 bytes is the minimum size for compression is twofold: (1) The overhead of compressing an object under 860 bytes outweighs performance gain. (2) Objects under 860 bytes can be transmitted via a single packet anyway, so there isn't a compelling reason to compress them. So I'm here for some fact checking. Is the 860 byte limit due to packet size the end of this reasoning? Why would high traffic sites push this down to the 150 byte limit... just to save on bandwidth costs (since CDNs base their charges on bandwith offloaded from origin), or is there a performance gain in doing so?

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• OpenGL ES 2 shaders for drawing buildings and roads like Google Maps does

  - by Pris

  I'm trying to create a shader that'll give me an effect similar to what buildings and roads look like on 3D Google Maps. You can see the effect interactively if you enable WebGL at maps.google.com, and I also found a couple of screenshots that illustrate what I'm trying to achieve: Thing I noticed: There's some kind of transparency thing going on with the roads/ground and the buildings, but not between the buildings themselves. It might be that they're rendering the ground and roads after the buildings with the right blend functions to achieve that effect. If you look closely, you'll see parts of the building profiles have an outline. The roads also have nice clean outlines. There are a lot of techniques for outlining things with shaders... but I'm curious to find out what might have been used in this case considering mobile hardware and a large number of entities with outlines (roads and buildings) I'm assuming that for the lighting, some sort of simple diffuse per-vertex shader is being used for the buildings though I could be wrong. I'm especially curious about the 'look' they achieved with buildings (clean, precise outlines/shading). It reminds me a little of what you'd see when designing stuff with CAD applications like SolidWorks: I'd appreciate any advice on achieving this kind of look with ES 2 shaders.

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• Emulate "Go to Dekstop/Home/etc." behavior in OS X via AppleScript

  - by pattulus

  OS X has build in support for going to certain Folders (Home, Utilities, Desktop, etc.) via a Shortcut. I wanted to emulate this behavior for the the Downloads Folder. The only thing that is missing the script below is that it won’t succeed when no window is opened in the Finder (see Error message). tell application "Finder" activate set target of Finder window 1 to folder "Downloads" of folder "username" of disk "Macintosh HD" end tell Error message: error "Finder got an error: Can’t set Finder window 1 to folder \"Downloads\" of folder \"username\" of disk \"Macintosh HD\"." number -10006 from Finder window 1 It great if you know about some kind of 'if-compliement' that triggers opening the Downloads Folder in case there is no window 1 open in the Finder. Thanks in advance.

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• Failed to load viewstate.The control tree into which viewstate is being loaded...etc

  - by alaa9jo

  Two days ago,a colleague of mine tried to publish an asp.net website (which is built in VS2008 using framework 3.5) to our server,he configured everything in IIS (he made sure that the selected asp.net version is 2.0) and launched the website..at first it was working great but when he tried to click on a specific treeview...BOOM..: "Failed to load viewstate. The control tree into which viewstate is being loaded must match the control tree that was used to save viewstate during the previous request. For example, when adding controls dynamically, the controls added during a post-back must match the type and position of the controls added during the initial request." In that page there were these control: a TreeView and a Placeholder,when the user selects any node then it's controls will be created dynamically into that placeholder..for the first time it's working fine but when (s)he select another node then that issue appears. He called me to help him with this issue,for me this is the first time I see such an issue,scratch my head then I decided to eliminate the possibilities of this issue one by one,at the development machine it's working perfectly,he published the website at the local IIS and again..it's working perfectly,I took a copy of the website and published it into my laptop but no issues at all,so this is means that it's not an issue in the code. So there is something missing/wrong in our server [it has Windows Server 2003],we went to the server and checked on the web-config and the configurations on IIS...nothing wrong so far,so I decided to check if the framework 3.5 is installed or not and the answer: it wasn't installed Of course he assumed that it was installed and there was nothing to tell if it wasn't from the "ASP.Net version" in IIS because frameworks 3.0 and 3.5 will not be listed there [2.0 will be listed there instead],the only way to check if it was installed or not is to search for the framework in this path:[WINDOWS Folder]\Microsoft.NET\Framework or check if it was installed in Add or remove programs. The obvious solution for his case: We installed Framework 3.5 SP1 into our server,did a restart to the machine and it worked ! If anyone faced the same issue and solved it using the same solution or with a different one please post it here to share experience.

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• Could not load type System.Configuration.NameValueSectionHandler

  If you upgrade older .NET sites from 1.x to 2.x or greater, you may encounter this error when you have configuration settings that look like this: <section name="CacheSettings" type="System.Configuration.NameValueFileSectionHandler, System"/> Once you try to run this on an upgraded appdomain, you may encounter this error: An error occurred creating the configuration section handler for CacheSettings: Could not load type 'System.Configuration.NameValueSectionHandler' from assembly 'System.Configuration, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a'. Microsoft moved a bunch of the Configuration related classes into a separate assembly, System.Configuration, and created a new class, ConfigurationManager.  This presents its own challenges which Ive blogged about in the past if you are wondering where ConfigurationManager is located.  However, the above error is separate. The issue in this case is that the NameValueSectionHandler is still in the System assembly, but is in the System.Configuration namespace.  This causes confusion which can be alleviated by using the following section definition: <section name="CacheSettings" type="System.Configuration.NameValueSectionHandler, System, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" /> (you can remove the extra line breaks within the type=) With this in place, your web application should once more be able to load up the NameValueSectionHandler.  I do recommend using your own custom configuration section handlers instead of appSettings, and I would further suggest that you not use NamveValueSectionHandler if you can avoid it, but instead prefer a strongly typed configuration section handler. Did you know that DotNetSlackers also publishes .net articles written by top known .net Authors? We already have over 80 articles in several categories including Silverlight. Take a look: here.

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• Is bonding mode=5 a solution against MAC flapping?

  - by Yuri

  There is two are interconnected Cisco WS-2950T. By the one GBIC port on first switch connected a first NIC of bonding interface, and by the one GBIC port on second switch connected a second NIC of bonding interface. Of course the both switches sees the bonding MAC-address only on one interface (eg it is GBIC on first switch) and all incoming traffic for bonding interface passes through this GBIC. But in "mode=5" all outgoing traffic are distributed between the all interfaces that make bond. In this case, the packets will be dropped from the second switch and anyway will going through the first switch? Or the division will be working?

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• Does this file format exist?

  - by Jon Chase

  Is there a file format that handles the following use case... I'd like to create a tar file (or whatever - I'm just using tar here b/c it's a well known file format for containing multiple files) that would be usable even if I only had access to specific chunks of said file. For example, say I tar up my mp3 and photo collection into a 100GB tar file, then put the file into some long term storage somewhere. Later, I want to access a specific mp3 file. I don't want to download the entire 100GB tar file just to get to one mp3. In fact, let's say I can't download the entire 100GB tar file. Instead, I'd like to say "give me megabytes 10 through 19 of the 100GB tar file" and then have the mp3 magically extracted from those 10 megabytes. Does a file format like this exist?

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