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  • Counting entries in a list of dictionaries: for loop vs. list comprehension with map(itemgetter)

    - by Dennis Williamson
    In a Python program I'm writing I've compared using a for loop and increment variables versus list comprehension with map(itemgetter) and len() when counting entries in dictionaries which are in a list. It takes the same time using a each method. Am I doing something wrong or is there a better approach? Here is a greatly simplified and shortened data structure: list = [ {'key1': True, 'dontcare': False, 'ignoreme': False, 'key2': True, 'filenotfound': 'biscuits and gravy'}, {'key1': False, 'dontcare': False, 'ignoreme': False, 'key2': True, 'filenotfound': 'peaches and cream'}, {'key1': True, 'dontcare': False, 'ignoreme': False, 'key2': False, 'filenotfound': 'Abbott and Costello'}, {'key1': False, 'dontcare': False, 'ignoreme': True, 'key2': False, 'filenotfound': 'over and under'}, {'key1': True, 'dontcare': True, 'ignoreme': False, 'key2': True, 'filenotfound': 'Scotch and... well... neat, thanks'} ] Here is the for loop version: #!/usr/bin/env python # Python 2.6 # count the entries where key1 is True # keep a separate count for the subset that also have key2 True key1 = key2 = 0 for dictionary in list: if dictionary["key1"]: key1 += 1 if dictionary["key2"]: key2 += 1 print "Counts: key1: " + str(key1) + ", subset key2: " + str(key2) Output for the data above: Counts: key1: 3, subset key2: 2 Here is the other, perhaps more Pythonic, version: #!/usr/bin/env python # Python 2.6 # count the entries where key1 is True # keep a separate count for the subset that also have key2 True from operator import itemgetter KEY1 = 0 KEY2 = 1 getentries = itemgetter("key1", "key2") entries = map(getentries, list) key1 = len([x for x in entries if x[KEY1]]) key2 = len([x for x in entries if x[KEY1] and x[KEY2]]) print "Counts: key1: " + str(key1) + ", subset key2: " + str(key2) Output for the data above (same as before): Counts: key1: 3, subset key2: 2 I'm a tiny bit surprised these take the same amount of time. I wonder if there's something faster. I'm sure I'm overlooking something simple. One alternative I've considered is loading the data into a database and doing SQL queries, but the data doesn't need to persist and I'd have to profile the overhead of the data transfer, etc., and a database may not always be available. I have no control over the original form of the data. The code above is not going for style points.

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  • how can i install a service under a different account than the LocalSystem account using win32 api

    - by taher chhabrawala
    hi i am using the following code to install the service, i want to install this service under a different account, the last two parameters takes username and password but when i give so it throws an error...is there any specific way of giving username password here? IntPtr sv_handle = CreateService(sc_handle, svcName, svcDispName, SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS, SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS, SERVICE_AUTO_START, SERVICE_ERROR_NORMAL, svcPath, null, 0, null, null, null);

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  • Copy binary image data into a string

    - by Alien01
    I need to send image data over network using HttpSendRequest POST request. For this purpose I am creating a string , adding some parameters to string, then I need to add raw image data. Now I would like to know how can I send the image in post request.

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  • What are "Location" and "Repositories" in the VisualSVN?

    - by Roman
    I am trying to install VisualSVN to manage my code with other users. In the middle of the installation I have a window saying "Change if necessary installation path and initial VisualSVN Server setting". And after that (in the same window) I have two fields: "Location" and "Repositories". What these two parameters mean? I know URL where the common code is stored. Should I specify this URL in the "repositories" field?

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  • Text piped to PowerShell.exe isn't recieved when using [Console]::ReadLine()

    - by crtracy
    I'm getting itermittent data loss when calling .NET [Console]::ReadLine() to read piped input to PowerShell.exe: >ping localhost | powershell -NonInteractive -NoProfile -C "do {$line = [Console]::ReadLine(); ('' + (Get-Date -f 'HH:mm :ss') + $line) | Write-Host; } while ($line -ne $null)" 23:56:45time<1ms 23:56:45 23:56:46time<1ms 23:56:46 23:56:47time<1ms 23:56:47 23:56:47 Normally 'ping localhost' from Vista64 looks like this, so there is a lot of data missing from the output above: Pinging WORLNTEC02.bnysecurities.corp.local [::1] from ::1 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from ::1: time<1ms Reply from ::1: time<1ms Reply from ::1: time<1ms Reply from ::1: time<1ms Ping statistics for ::1: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms But using the same API from C# recieves all the data sent to the process (excluding some newline differences). Code: namespace ConOutTime { class Program { static void Main (string[] args) { string s; while ((s = Console.ReadLine ()) != null) { if (s.Length > 0) // don't write time for empty lines Console.WriteLine("{0:HH:mm:ss} {1}", DateTime.Now, s); } } } } Output: 00:44:30 Pinging WORLNTEC02.bnysecurities.corp.local [::1] from ::1 with 32 bytes of data: 00:44:30 Reply from ::1: time<1ms 00:44:31 Reply from ::1: time<1ms 00:44:32 Reply from ::1: time<1ms 00:44:33 Reply from ::1: time<1ms 00:44:33 Ping statistics for ::1: 00:44:33 Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), 00:44:33 Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: 00:44:33 Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms So, if calling the same API from PowerShell instead of C# many parts of StdIn get 'eaten'. Is the PowerShell host reading string from StdIn even though I didn't use 'PowerShell.exe -Command -'?

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  • Ruby : UTF-8 IO

    - by subtenante
    I use ruby 1.8.7. I try to parse some text files containing greek sentences, encoded in UTF-8. (I can't much paste here sample files, because they are subject to copyright. Really just some greek text encoded in UTF-8.) I want, for each file, to parse the file, extract all the words, and make a list of each new word found in this file. All that saved to one big index file. Here is my code : #!/usr/bin/ruby -KU def prepare_line(l) l.gsub(/^\s*[ST]\d+\s*:\s*|\s+$|\(\d+\)\s*/u, "") end def tokenize(l) l.split /['·.;!:\s]+/u end $dict = {} $cpt = 0 $out = File.new 'out.txt', 'w' def lesson(file) $cpt = $cpt + 1 file.readlines.each do |l| $out.puts l l = prepare_line l tokenize(l).each do |t| unless $dict[t] $dict[t] = $cpt $out.puts " #{t}\n" end end end end Dir.new('etc/').each do |filename| f = File.new("etc/#{filename}") unless File.directory? f lesson f end end Here is part of my output : ?@???†?†?????????? ?...[snip very long hangul/hanzi mishmash]... ????????†? ???N2 : ?e?te?? (2) µ???µa (Note that the puts l part seems to work fine, at the end of the given output line.) Any idea what is wrong with my code ? (General comments about ruby idioms I could use are very welcome, I'm really a beginner.)

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  • Syntactical analysis with Flex/Bison part 2

    - by Imran
    Hallo, I need help in Lex/Yacc Programming. I wrote a compiler for a syntactical analysis for inputs of many statements. Now i have a special problem. In case of an Input the compiler gives the right output, which statement is uses, constant operator or a jmp instructor to which label, now i have to write so, if now a if statement comes, first the first command (before the else) must be give out when the assignment of the if is yes then it must jump to the end because the command after the else isnt needed, so after this jmp then the second command must be give out. I show it in an example maybe you understand what i mean. Input adr. Output if(x==0) 10 if(x==0) Wait 5 20 WAIT 5 else 30 JMP 50 Wait 1 40 WAIT 1 end 50 END like so. I have an idea, maybe i can do it whith a special if statement like IF exp jmp_stmt_end stmt_seq END when the if statement is given in the input the compiler has to recognize the end ofthe statement and like my jmp_stmt in my compiler ( you have to download the files from http://bitbucket.org/matrix/changed-tiny) only to jump to the end. I hope you understand my problem.thanks.

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  • How to decide on what hardware to deploy web application

    - by Yuval A
    Suppose you have a web application, no specific stack (Java/.NET/LAMP/Django/Rails, all good). How would you decide on which hardware to deploy it? What rules of thumb exist when determining how many machines you need? How would you formulate parameters such as concurrent users, simultaneous connections and DB read/write ratio to a decision on how much, and which, hardware you need? Any resources on this issue would be very helpful...

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  • CMD Prompt > FTP Size Command

    - by Samuel Baldus
    I'm developing a PHP App on IIS 7.5, which uses PHP FTP commands. These all work, apart from ftp_size(). I've tested: cmd.exe > ftp host > username > password > SIZE filename = Invalid Command However, if I access the FTP site through an Internet Browser, the filesize is displayed. Do I need to install FTP Extensions, and if so, which ones and where do I get them? Here is the PHP Code: <?php // FTP Credentials $ftpServer = "www.domain.com"; $ftpUser = "username"; $ftpPass = "password"; // Unlimited Time set_time_limit(0); // Connect to FTP Server $conn = @ftp_connect($ftpServer) or die("Couldn't connect to FTP server"); // Login to FTP Site $login = @ftp_login($conn, $ftpUser, $ftpPass) or die("Login credentials were rejected"); // Set FTP Passive Mode = True ftp_pasv ($conn, true); // Build the file list $ftp_nlist = ftp_nlist($conn, "."); // Alphabetical sorting sort($ftp_nlist); // Display Output foreach ($ftp_nlist as $raw_file) { // Get the last modified time $mod = ftp_mdtm($conn, $raw_file); // Get the file size $size = ftp_size($conn, $raw_file); // Size is not '-1' => file if (!(ftp_size($conn, $raw_file) == -1)) { //output as file echo "Filename: $raw_file<br />"; echo "FileSize: ".number_format($size, '')."Kb</br>"; echo "Last Modified: ".date("d/m/Y H:i", $mod)."</br>"; } } ?>

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  • Unique prime factors using HashSet

    - by theGreenCabbage
    I wrote a method that recursively finds prime factors. Originally, the method simply printed values. I am currently trying to add them to a HashSet to find the unique prime factors. In each of my original print statements, I added a primes.add() in order to add that particular integer into my set. My printed output remains the same, for example, if I put in the integer 24, I get 2*2*2*3. However, as soon as I print the HashSet, the output is simply [2]. public static Set<Integer> primeFactors(int n) { Set<Integer> primes = new HashSet<Integer>(); if(n <= 1) { System.out.print(n); primes.add(n); } else { for(int factor = 2; factor <= n; factor++) { if(n % factor == 0) { System.out.print(factor); primes.add(factor); if(factor < n) { System.out.print('*'); primeFactors(n/factor); } return primes; } } } return primes; } I have tried debugging via putting print statements around every line, but was unable to figure out why my .add() was not adding some values into my HashSet.

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  • select failing with C program but not shell

    - by Gary
    So I have a parent and child process, and the parent can read output from the child and send to the input of the child. So far, everything has been working fine with shell scripts, testing commands which input and output data. I just tested with a simple C program and couldn't get it to work. Here's the C program: #include <stdio.h> int main( void ) { char stuff[80]; printf("Enter some stuff:\n"); scanf("%s", stuff); return 0; } The problem with with the C program is that my select fails to read from the child fd and hence the program cannot finish. Here's the bit that does the select.. //wait till child is ready fd_set set; struct timeval timeout; FD_ZERO( &set ); // initialize fd set FD_SET( PARENT_READ, &set ); // add child in to set timeout.tv_sec = 3; timeout.tv_usec = 0; int r = select(FD_SETSIZE, &set, NULL, NULL, &timeout); if( r < 1 ) { // we didn't get any input exit(1); } Does anyone have any idea why this would happen with the C program and not a shell one? Thanks!

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  • What does the windbg command "kd" do?

    - by Oskar
    I ran kd by mistake and got some output that inteerested me, a reference to a line of code in my module that I can't see on the call stack of any thread. The lines weren't the beginnning of the method so I don't think the reference is to a function pointer, but possibly the result of an exception being stored in memory??? Of course, that happens to be what I'm looking for... Update: The stack trace of the exception is: 0:000> kb *** Stack trace for last set context - .thread/.cxr resets it ChildEBP RetAddr Args to Child 0174f168 734ea84f 2cb9e950 00000000 2cb9e950 kernel32!LoadTimeZoneInformation+0x2b 0174f1c4 734ead92 00000022 00000001 000685d0 msvbvm60! RUN_INSTMGR::ExecuteInitTerm+0x178 0174f1f8 734ea9ee 00000000 0000002f 2dbc2abc msvbvm60! RUN_INSTMGR::CreateObjInstanceWithParts+0x1e4 0174f278 7350414e 2cb9e96c 00000000 0174f2f0 msvbvm60! RUN_INSTMGR::CreateObjInstance+0x14d 0174f2e4 734fa071 00000000 2cb9e96c 0174f2fc msvbvm60!RcmConstructObjectInstance+0x75 0174f31c 00976ef1 2cb9e950 00591bc0 0174fddc msvbvm60!__vbaNew+0x21 and into our code (create a new Form derived class) the dds output: 0:000> dds esp-0x40 esp+0x100 0174f05c 00000000 0174f060 00000000 0174f064 00000000 0174f068 00000000 0174f06c 00000000 0174f070 00000000 0174f074 00000000 0174f078 00000000 0174f07c 00000000 0174f080 00000000 0174f084 00000000 0174f088 00000000 0174f08c 00000000 0174f090 00000000 0174f094 00000000 0174f098 00000000 0174f09c 007f4f9b ourDll!formDerivedClass::Form_Initialize+0x10b [C:\Buildbox\formDerivedClass.frm @ 1452] etc which seems to indicate that Initialize is being called even though it isn't on the stack trace of either this exception or any of the threads. As suggested, it might all be a mismatch between pdbs and dlls, but it seems a coincidence that we end up in the right classes and methods

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  • Where can I find a good guide to writing C Collections?

    - by Mike Axiak
    I remember having read a very good guide to writing collections. By that I mean, it described using macros to generate types with type parameters, kind of like C++ templates. I'm not sure if it was written by Rusty Russell, but it was someone I recognized. It was posted on hackernews or proggit... I wanted to write a new C library and has searched google for the past 30 min for this guide to no avail. Anybody remember?

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  • SQL Injection When Using MySQLi Prepared Statements

    - by Sev
    If all that is used to do any and all database queries is MySQLi prepared statements with bound parameters in a web-app, is sql injection still possible? Notes I know that there are other forms of attack other than sql-injection, but my question is specific to sql-injection attacks on that particular web application only.

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  • What VC++ compiler/linker does when building a C++ project with Managed Extension

    - by ???
    The initial problem is that I tried to rebuild a C++ project with debug symbols and copied it to test machine, The output of the project is external COM server(.exe file). When calling the COM interface function, there's a RPC call failre: COMException(0x800706BE): The remote procedure call failed. According to the COM HRESULT design, if the FACILITY code is 7, it's actually a WIN32 error, and the win32 error code is 0x6BE, which is the above mentioned "remote procedure call failed". All I do is replace the COM server .exe file, the origin file works well. When I checked into the project, I found it's a C++ project with Managed Extension. When I checking the DLL with reflector, it shows there's 2 additional .NET assembly reference. Then I checked the project setting and found nothing about the extra 2 assembly reference. I turned on the show includes option of compiler and verbose library of linker, and try to analyze whether the assembly is indirectly referenced via .h file. I've collect all the .h file and grep all the files with '#using' '#import' and the assembly file itself. There really is a '#using ' in one of the .h file but not-relevant to the referenced assembly. And about the linked .lib library files, only one of the .lib file is a side-product of another managed-extension-enabled C++ project, all others are produced by a pure, traditional C++ project. For the managed-extension-enabled C++ project, I checked the output DLL assembly, it did NOT reference to the 2 assembly. I even try to capture the access of the additional assembly file via sysinternal's filemon and procmon, but the rebuild process does NOT access these file. I'm very confused about the compile and linking process model of a VC++/CLI project, where the additional assembly reference slipped into the final assembly? Thanks in advance for any of your help.

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  • How do I remove HTML that I place dynamically with JQuery

    - by Vivek
    lets say i have fallowing html... <li><a href="#" id='DataSheets' >Data Sheets</a><font class="leftNavHitsFont">- (1)</font></li> <li><a href="#" id='ApplicationNotes' >Application Notes</a><fontclass="leftNavHitsFont">- (6)</font></li> what i want to do is, add a html on onclick of these links, if you click on first link output should look like <li><span>ajksdfskaj</span></li> <li><a href="#" id='ApplicationNotes' >Application Notes</a><fontclass="leftNavHitsFont">- (6)</font></li> means hide the original html of that li and append new html for ex. a span as i have written above...and if i clicked on second link the first li should get it's original html and appended html should get removed and get appended to current li bieng clicked..in this case output should look like... <li><a href="#" id='DataSheets' >Data Sheets</a><font class="leftNavHitsFont">- (1)</font></li> <li><span>ajksdfskaj</span></li> i tried to achieve this thing through variuos way...but could not find out the correct way.. please help me out guys.. Thanks in advance!!!!

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  • Wav analysis in python

    - by mudder
    I'm looking for a python library that will help me analyze the audio in wav files. At the very least I'm hoping to find some kind of interface that understands .wav format so that I don't have to :P at best I need a module with methods for reading wave form parameters like pitch, volume levels, etc

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  • How do you efficiently generate a list of K non-repeating integers between 0 and an upper bound N

    - by tucuxi
    The question gives all necessary data: what is an efficient algorithm to generate a sequence of K non-repeating integers within a given interval. The trivial algorithm (generating random numbers and, before adding them to the sequence, looking them up to see if they were already there) is very expensive if K is large and near enough to N. The algorithm provided here seems more complicated than necessary, and requires some implementation. I've just found another algorithm that seems to do the job fine, as long as you know all the relevant parameters, in a single pass.

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  • Ruby, post and redirect

    - by Adrian Serafin
    Hi! I have situation like this: user submits form with action='/pay' in '/pay' I have to add some additional parameters and send post request to www.paymentprovider.com/new_payment The problem is that I want to post and redirect (at the same time) user to this new website www.paymentprovider.com/new_payment. Currently I am using Net::HTTP.post_form Do you know any ways to achieve this?

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  • Sweave can't see a vector if run from a function ?

    - by PaulHurleyuk
    I have a function that sets a vector to a string, copies a Sweave document with a new name and then runs that Sweave. Inside the Sweave document I want to use the vector I set in the function, but it doesn't seem to see it. (Edit: I changed this function to use tempdir(() as suggested by Dirk) I created a sweave file test_sweave.rnw; % \documentclass[a4paper]{article} \usepackage[OT1]{fontenc} \usepackage{Sweave} \begin{document} \title{Test Sweave Document} \author{gb02413} \maketitle <<>>= ls() Sys.time() print(paste("The chosen study was ",chstud,sep="")) @ \end{document} and I have this function; onOK <- function(){ chstud<-"test" message(paste("Chosen Study is ",chstud,sep="")) newfile<-paste(chstud,"_report",sep="") mypath<-paste(tempdir(),"\\",sep="") setwd(mypath) message(paste("Copying test_sweave.Rnw to ",paste(mypath,newfile,".Rnw",sep=""),sep="")) file.copy("c:\\local\\test_sweave.Rnw", paste(mypath,newfile,".Rnw",sep=""), overwrite=TRUE) Sweave(paste(mypath,newfile,".Rnw",sep="")) require(tools) texi2dvi(file = paste(mypath,newfile,".tex",sep=""), pdf = TRUE) } If I run the code from the function directly, the resulting file has this output for ls(); > ls() [1] "chstud" "mypath" "newfile" "onOK" However If I call onOK() I get this output; > ls() [1] "onOK" and the print(...chstud...)) function generates an error. I suspect this is an environment problem, but I assumed because the call to Sweave occurs within the onOK function, it would be in the same enviroment, and would see all the objects created within the function. How can I get the Sweave process to see the chstud vector ? Thanks Paul.

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