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  • What is the `shadow` group used for?

    - by Shtééf
    On my Ubuntu 9.10 system, there's a shadow system group. There does not appear to be any user assigned to this group at all. The only files that I can find belonging to this group are /etc/shadow and /etc/gshadow. I'm aware that the purpose of these files is to store the passwords separately, out of reach from regular users who still might want to access passwd for other reasons. But what is the purpose of the shadow group? The reason I'm curious about this, is because I'm thinking about configuring nsswitch.conf to store it elsewhere, and would like to know if anything is actually trying to access the shadow database using shadow group credentials.

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  • DNS for route between WAN & LAN

    - by David Maitland
    I have a few machines set up on my internal 192.168.1.* network and i have one public ip, my router is links all ports to on internal linux machine on my network 192.168.1.3. I want to know how to configure the DNS server on my linux box to forward to internal LAN ip's depending on the host name. EG. computer4.83.22.56.12 would find my box then forward to 192.168.1.4 on the local network. This is so i can run multiple web server under one ip. btw, i use Ubuntu. Thanks Dave

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  • "bin/sh: can't access tty; job control turned off” error when running shellcode"

    - by Nosrettap
    I'm writing shellcode to exploit a buffer overflow vulnerability on a server. To do so I have port binding shellcode that I send to the server and then I run (from a linux terminal) the command telnet serverAdress 4444 where 4444 is the port which I have opened up. The hope is that I will receive a shell back that I can use to execute commands. However, I always end up with the command bin/sh: can't access tty; job control turned off I can't change any of the server code, and I believe the shellcode is correct because I got it from this website (http://www.tsirogiannis.com/exploits-vulnerabilities-videos-papers-shellcode/linuxx86-port-binding-shellcode-xor-encoded-152-bytes/). From my research, it appears that this may have to do with the mode that my terminal is running in (something called interactive mode...or something like that). All computers involved are linux machines and the machine that I am on is running the latest version of Ubuntu. Any ideas what this job control error means and how I can fix it?

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  • How to remove a directory which looks corrupted

    - by hap497
    Hi, I am using ubuntu 9.10. And I only directory, it shows as '?' for user/ownership. How can I remove it? -rw-r--r-- 1 hap497 hap497 1822 2010-01-28 22:48 IntSizeHash.h d????????? ? ? ? ? ? .libs/ -rw-r--r-- 1 hap497 hap497 194 2010-02-25 12:12 libwebkit_1_0_la-BitmapImage.lo I have tried "$ sudo rm -Rf .libs rm: cannot remove `.libs': Input/output error" Thank you for any pointers.

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  • output redirection not happening completely

    - by Gaurav
    I am running the following command on ubuntu 12.04 bash shell: hping3 -S -p 80 -c 30 www.google.com >> outputfile.txt But the problem is that this leaves some lines in the end and doesn't copy in the file. I even tried hping3 -S -p 80 -c 30 www.google.com >> outputfile.txt 2>&1 It also gives same problem. However this works perfect: ping -c 30 www.google.com >> outputfile.txt Any idea about what I might be missing?

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  • bursty streaming video

    - by broiyan
    What is the cause and solution for the bursty streaming media problem? Example: when streaming from youtube, audio (and video) will pause and start intermittently. When it starts it will be bursty, that is, it will play several seconds of sound in just a fraction of a second. Normal sounds are rendered unrecognizable. Then it may pause and after a few seconds, resume with another burst. The video seems to burst along with the audio. This was observed on Ubuntu 12.04 with Google Chrome.

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  • Move /var directories to to /mnt on an EC2 instance

    - by Geoff Lanotte
    I am trying to work on a standard configuration for a set of EC2 instances running ubuntu 12.04. These servers are going to be primarily web servers for a Ruby on Rails application. When you configure a new large instance, you are given a primary of 8GB and then ephemeral storage of 400 GB that is mounted to /mnt. It seems logical to me to move some directories that have a potential for growth off to the /mnt directory, I was specifically thinking of /var/www and /var/log. My question is two-fold: Is this a good idea or are there pitfalls that I cannot see? If this is a good idea, how should I go about configuring this. I do have the ability to configure new instances and down our old instances. My concern is over long term, doing this in such a way that it prevents downtime. I am a developer with some experience in devops, but mounting drives is something I have not faced before, so explicit directions would be greatly appreciated.

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  • How to keep programs from source up to date?

    - by wizard
    I'm designing a new server setup for hosting multiple websites. (Shared hosting for my clients over at SliceHost.) I've recently moved away from the traditional LAMP setup and chosen Ubuntu, Nginx, php-fpm and mysql. I like it a lot better then my old Apache, suphp, mysql setup. It works great, provided encapsulation between sites and uses substantiallly less memory. However I have one major maintenance problem. In order to have a recent version of Nginx and in order to use php-fpm I've had to compile these programs from source. The reason I see this as a problem is that keeping track of updates, and build configurations will end up being a lot of work. For two programs (and a patch) I can handle it, but it seems like this setup would not scale with many packages and servers. Are there good ways to manage this situation? I'm sure people do this all the time.

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  • Linux freezes every few seconds

    - by Zeppomedio
    We're having an issue where one our Linux boxes (Ubuntu 10.04 LTS, running on EC2 with a quadruple-large size, 68GB of RAM and 8 virtual cores with 3.25GHz each) freezes up every few seconds. Typing in an ssh session will freeze, and running strace on one of the Postgresql processes that's running usually shows: 02:37:41.567990 semop(7831581, {{3, -1, 0}}, 1 for a few seconds before it proceeds (it always gets stuck at that semop). OProfile shows that most of the time is spent in the kernel (60%) versus 37% in Postgresql. The result of these halts (which began suddenly a day ago) is that load on the box has gone from 0.7 to 10+, and causes our entire stack to slow done. Any ideas on how to track down what's going on? iostat doesn't show the disks being particularly slow or overloaded, and top shows user cpu % spike from 8% to about 40% whenever these back-ups happen.

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  • Syncronize Linux /etc/ directory

    - by entend
    I have virtual machine with Linux (Ubuntu server) which is used as prototype for other machines. Sometimes I make changes in prototype system and want to import this changes at some other machine. I know about Puppet, cfengine and FAI but want something easy for example rsync script which will work through ssh when it needed. Main goal is /etc/ directory. But I don't want to syncronize some private files for example /etc/passwd /etc/shadow and so on. I don't know all of it. Are there tips for my task ? May be someone have such rsync script.

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  • Routing / binding 128 to one server

    - by Andrew
    I have a Ubuntu server with 128 ip's (static external ips 86.xx.xx.16), and I want to crawl pages thru different ip's. The gateway is xx.xxx.xxx.1, the main ip is xx.xxx.xxx.16, and the other 128 ip's are xx.xxx.xxx.129/255. I tried this configuration in /etc/network/interfaces but I doesn't work. It work if I remove the gateway for the aliases eth0:0 and eth0:1. I think this is routing problem. auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 auto eth0:0 auto eth0:1 iface eth0 inet static address xx.xxx.xxx.16 netmask 255.255.255.128 gateway xx.xxx.xxx.1 iface eth0:0 inet static address xx.xxx.xxx.129 netmask 255.255.255.128 gateway xx.xxx.xxx.1 iface eth0:1 inet static address xx.xxx.xxx.130 netmask 255.255.255.128 gateway xx.xxx.xxx.1 Also, please tell me how to "reset" every changes that I made in networking and routing. Thank you

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  • What's the proper way to change a process' scheduling policy to IDLE?

    - by ??O?????
    Hello. I have a long running process on a server running Ubuntu Server 9.10. I would like to make it run under the SCHED_IDLE policy using the chrt command. However, after reading the man page, I can't manage to understand the proper way to issue the command for a running process. I've tried unsuccessfully: # chrt -i -p 688 pid 688's current scheduling policy: SCHED_OTHER pid 688's current scheduling priority: 0 # chrt -p -i 688 pid 688's current scheduling policy: SCHED_OTHER pid 688's current scheduling priority: 0 # chrt -p 688 -i chrt: failed to set pid 0's policy: Invalid argument I'll keep trying, but do you know how to do what I want?

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  • Cannot find grldr in all devices

    - by blockhead
    I'm running wubi on XP machine. Started out originally with 8.04, and gradually upgraded to 10.04. Recently, I was creating linux bootable USB drive, and put it in my system to see if it would work. After booting the LiveOS, and rebooting my machine, I know get the error Cannot find grldr in all devices when booting Ubuntu. I don't know what grldr is, but I assume it is the GRUB Loader. Did booting the LiveOS screw with my MBR perhaps? How can I fix this, and if not, is it possible to reinstall wubi, without losing anything of what I have now?

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  • Deciding to use VM or native install for new hardware

    - by Billy Moon
    I have a Ubuntu 10.10 installation running on hardware. I upgraded the hardware, and am planning to move the system over. Whilst reading the many various ways to do this, I came across tools for making a virtual machine out of a hardware installation. I think this might make managing my server easier in the future if I run it as a virtual machine. Also, I will be able to easily split responsibilities of my server, for example running MySQL on a separate virtual machine hosted on the same physical machine. Is it a good idea to install my production server as a virtual machine inside another thin server installation? What are the pros/cons and pitfalls?

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  • df -h overreports disk space on VPS

    - by Rincewind42
    When I run the command df -h on my new Ubuntu linux vServer I get the following: # df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/hdv1 466G 33G 434G 7% / none 16M 0 16M 0% /tmp Running du -sh gives # du -sh du: cannot access `./proc/13624/task/13624/fd/4': No such file or directory du: cannot access `./proc/13624/task/13624/fdinfo/4': No such file or directory du: cannot access `./proc/13624/fd/4': No such file or directory du: cannot access `./proc/13624/fdinfo/4': No such file or directory 952M . The VPS should only have 5Gb of disk space but df reports 466Gb. How can I view the correct amount of disk space?

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  • init.d service died

    - by jerluc
    Adapting some code from a linux forum, I've added a service script to /etc/init.d on my ubuntu natty server to start/stop/restart node.js It literally was working the first day I made it, but then today, after viewing my website this morning, the server threw a 404, and upon further inspection, the node.js process was gone. So I went to start the service again, only this time, node.js didn't start at all, and ever since I haven't been able to get my service script working. Below is the entire script: #!/bin/sh # # Node Server Startup # case "$1" in start) echo -n "Starting node: " daemon node /usr/local/www/server.js echo touch /var/lock/subsys/node ;; stop) echo -n "Shutting down node: " killall node echo rm -f /var/lock/subsys/node rm -f /var/run/node.pid ;; status) status node ;; restart) $0 stop $0 start ;; reload) echo -n "Reloading node: " killall node -HUP echo ;; *) echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|status}" exit 1 esac exit 0 Thanks for any help!

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  • Windows 7 Extend C Volume to Unallocated Space

    - by user327777
    a while back I installed Ubuntu and then later uninstalled it by I think deleting the partitions and recovering the windows 7 boot loader. I am not that experienced with partitioning yet. As you can see here there are two partitions that are now unallocated. The 9gb one is a recovery or something that came with the computer. How can I extend my C partition to use both of those? I do not want to have that much storage just wasted sitting there. Currently when I right click on C and hit extend the wizard pops up but there is no available space to extend. http://i.imgur.com/VxEkdyR.png http://i.imgur.com/DdFZWX9.png Thanks everyone!

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  • Can't set session.http_only for php under Plesk 11

    - by TheFoOL
    I want to enable session.cookie_httponly for my domain. I added these lines for my domain (in additional configuration directives): session.cookie_httponly = On error_log = error.log Error log works fine (a file is created) whereas session.cookie_httponly doesn't (according to phpinfo()). But why not? I use Plesk 11 on Ubuntu Server 12.04. PHP as FastCGI. PHP 5.3.10-1ubuntu3.4. Safe mode is off. Domain is associated to a dedicated IP address. Website powered by Joomla 2.5.7.

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  • one share include more shares in diffrent premission

    - by saber
    hi all ubuntu 8.04 \ samba I want at the opening share \my_host there was the directory in which will be catalogs with different rights (eg the user with the IP is allowed to write only in one directory) example \\my_host\folder --\folder1 -user_ip1 can write to folder --\folder2 -user_ip2 .... --\folder3 my smb.conf [filials] path = /var/filials comment = No comment ;admin users = nobody ;directory mask = 755 ;read only = no available = yes browseable = yes writable = yes guest ok = yes public = yes printable = no share modes = yes ;locking = yes [filials\user1] path = /var/filials/user1 comment = No comment ;admin users = nobody ;directory mask = 755 ;read only = no available = yes browseable = yes writable = yes guest ok = yes public = yes printable = no share modes = yes ;locking = yes what is write [filials\user1] so user1 was in the catalog filials

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  • How to limit server to specific IP addresses with mod_authz_host?

    - by BeeDog
    Hi! I am very new to this area, so please bear with me. :) Right now I am running an Apache HTTP server on my setup, a very basic configuration. The website hosted on it is accessible from anywhere, and I want to limit the access to a specific IP address range. I've looked into this and I found that one Apache module called mod_authz_host handles this. http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_authz_host.html The problem is, I haven't managed to find documentation that explains well how to actually do the stuff. How do I actually make sure only a certain range of IP addresses can access my site/server? The machine is running Ubuntu Server 10.10, the web files are stored in /var/www/, the apache2 daemon has its stuff stored in /etc/apache2/ and /usr/lib/apache2/modules/*. Thanks in advance, and sorry if this is a stupid question!

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  • Synergy configuration with multiple X screens

    - by Rob Drimmie
    I'm having a problem figuring out how to configure synergy to behave on a system with multiple X windows. On my desktop I am running Ubuntu 10.04 LTS. I have two monitors, setup as separate X screens by preference as well as to enable me to rotate the left-hand monitor. I also have a laptop, which I have on the desk in front of me, lower than the other two monitors. I have a very simple synergy.conf: section: screens desktop: laptop.local: end section: links desktop: down = laptop laptop: up = desktop end It works, but on the desktop only on whichever screen I run synergys from in terminal (I haven't set it up to run at startup yet because I've been playing with the configuration). I can't find any information how to reference multiple screens on one system, and would appreciate any help.

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  • Sudo asks for password twice with LDAP authentication

    - by Gnudiff
    I have Ubuntu 8.04 LTS machine and Windows 2003 AD domain. I have succesfully set up that I can log in with domain username and password, using domain prefix, like "domain+username". Upon login to machine it all works first try, however, for some reason when I try to sudo my logged in user, it asks for the password twice every time when I try sudo. It accepts the password after 2nd time, but not the first time. Once or twice I might think I just keep entering wrong pass the first time, but this is what happens always, any ideas of what's wrong? pam.conf is empty pam.d/sudo only includes common-auth & common-account, and common-auth is: auth sufficient pam_unix.so nullok_secure auth sufficient pam_winbind.so auth requisite pam_deny.so auth required pam_permit.so

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  • curl makes a site work externally once run locally (apache)

    - by Kyle_at_NU
    Currently when I visit mysite.mydomain.com external to the local network I get in the browser: This is the default web page for this server. Nothing to see here. This is not even the "It Work's" Apache page. Then if locally (Apache2 on Ubuntu Server 12.04 with curl installed ) type: curl mysite.mydomain.com I get the site I expect. Then the next time i visit the page externally I get the correct site. Has anyone seen this before? Tips/Suggestions?

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  • Best way to restrict FTP access to a single directory?

    - by John Debs
    I have a VPS running Ubuntu 10.04, and I'd like to give someone SFTP access to a single directory, but prevent them from seeing anything else on the system. What's the best way to pull this off? I considered removing "everyone" permissions from everything on the system, but that seems like a really blunt tool for this problem (and one that'll cause other issues) - I'm hoping there's a better option here. Edit: I appreciate the answers! (And I learned a bunch reading/researching through them). I ended up finding and using this guide from Linode as it spelled all the steps: http://library.linode.com/security/sftp-jails/

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  • How to maintain VPS server?

    - by clorz
    Assuming I have no experience in running them, what would be called a good maintenance routine for a VPS server running mail server and LAMP with a couple of sites. I've got one for quite a while now, but was doing what I feel is right without any guidance. It's ubuntu server and the only thing I do is ssh in there once a month and apt-get update, apt-get upgrade. Last year it suggested to update the distro, which I did. Waded through a bunch of diffs, broke mail server in the process and fixed it later on. So it turned out fine. Was this a right thing to do or should I stick with the old version just updating the packages? Is there a difference in the routine if it will be Fedora?

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