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• What is the difference between "data hiding" and "encapsulation"?

  - by Software Engeneering Learner

  I'm reading "Java concurrency in practice" and there is said: "Fortunately, the same object-oriented techniques that help you write well-organized, maintainable classes - such as encapsulation and data hiding -can also help you create thread-safe classes." The problem #1 - I never heard about data hiding and don't know what it is. The problem #2 - I always thought that encapsulation is using private vs public, and is actually the data hiding. Can you please explain what data hiding is and how it differs from encapsulation?

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• Plan variable and call dependencies

  - by Gerenuk

  I'd like to write down the design of my program to understand the dependencies and calls better. I know there are class diagrams which show inheritance and attribute variables. However I'd also like to document the input parameters to method functions and in particular which calls the methods function executes inside (e.g. on the input parameters). Also sometimes it might be useful to show how actual objects are connected (if there is a standard structure). This way I can have a better understanding of the modules and design before starting to program. Can you suggest a method to do this software design? It should be one-to-one to programming code structure so that I really notice all quirks beforehand (instead of high-level design where thing are hard to implement without further work). Maybe some special diagram or tool or a combination? It is static dependency and call design rather than time dependent execution monitoring. (I use Python if you have any specialized recommendations).

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• Switching Programming Languages

  - by no spoon

  Hi I'm a senior level Delphi developer looking for move into either C# or possibly Java roles. I have around 8 years of development experience of which pretty much all of it is in Delphi, I have very little commercial experience in C# and no commercial experience in Java. I have about 6 months worth of academic experience in both Java and C# from some University papers I took a 4 years ago and use these languages for hobby projects, so I know the languages I just don't have the commercial experience to back it up. Given that I'm too over qualified for a junior role but do not have the commercial experience for even an intermediate role how does one go about changing jobs?

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• Using branches for a mini project or module of project: Good practice?

  - by TheLQ

  In my repo I have 3 closely related mini projects: 1 server and 2 clients. They are all quite small (<3 files each). Since they are so small and so closely related I just dropped them in folders in one single repo. However now that I know I can't clone a single directory in my VCS of choice (Mercurial), I'm considering splitting them up. However I'm confused about general best practice: Is it okay to put different small projects in different branches, or should they all go in different repos? I'm currently leaning towards branching since I can't easily splice out the file history of the different projects but then your using a feature in a way it wasn't meant to be used.

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• First ATMs programming language

  - by revo

  First ATMs performed tasks like a cash dispenser, they were offline machines which worked with punch cards impregnated with Carbon and a 6-digit PIN code. Maximum withdrawal with a card was 10 pounds and each one was a one-time use card - ATM swallowed cards! The first ATM was installed in London in the year 1967, as I looked at time line of programming languages, there were many programming languages made before that decade. I don't know about the hardware neither, but in which programming language it was written? *I didn't find a detailed biography of John Shepherd-Barron (ATM inventor at 70s) Update I found this picture, which is taken from a newspaper back to the year 1972 in Iran. Translated PS : Shows Mr. Rad-lon (if spelled correctly), The manager of Barros (if spelled correctly) International Educational Institute in United Kingdom at the right, and Mr. Jim Sutherland - Expert of Computer Kiosks. In the rest of the text I found on this paper, these kind of ATMs which called "Automated Computer Kiosk" were advertised with this: Mr. Rad-lon (if spelled correctly) puts his card to one specific location of Automated Computer Kiosk and after 10 seconds he withdraws his cash. Two more questions are: 1- How those ATMs were so fast? (withdrawal in 10 seconds in that year) 2- I didn't find any text on Internet which state about "Automated Computer Kiosk", Is it valid or were they being called Computer in that time?

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• Hosting and scaling of a facebook application on cloud?

  - by DhruvPathak

  We would be building a facebook application in django(Python), but still not sure of where to host it economically,and with a good provision to scale in case the app gets viral. Some details about the app: i) Would be HTML based like a website,using django as a framework. ii) 100K is the number of expected pageviews in a day,if the app is viral. iii) The users will not generate any media content,only some database data will be generated by them. It would be great if someone with more experience can guide on following points: A) Hosting on google app engine or Amazon EC2 or some other cloud like RackSpace : Preferable points found in AppEngine were ease of deployment,cost effectiveness and easy scaling. For EC2: Full hold of the virtual machine,Amazon NoSQL and RDMBS database services in case we decide to use them. B) Does backend technology affect monthly cost ? eg. would CPU and memory usage difference of Django over , for example , PHP framework like CodeIgnitor really make remarkable difference in running costs. ( Here is the article that triggered this thought process : http://journal.dedasys.com/2010/01/12/rough-estimates-of-the-dollar-cost-of-scaling-web-platforms-part-i#comments) C) Does something like Heroku , which provides additional services over Amazon EC2, prove to be better than raw cloud management ? It is not that we are trying for premature scaling, we just want to have a good start so that we are ready to handle unpredicted growth and scale.

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• What is a good way to keep track of strings for dictionary lookups?

  - by Justin

  I am working through the Windows 8 app tutorial. They have some code about saving app data like so: private void NameInput_TextChanged(object sender, TextChangedEventArgs e) { Windows.Storage.ApplicationDataContainer roamingSettings = Windows.Storage.ApplicationData.Current.RoamingSettings; roamingSettings.Values["userName"] = nameInput.Text; } I have worked with C# in the past and found that things like using constant string values (like "userName" in this case) for keys could get messy because auto-complete did not work and it was easy to forget if I had made an entry for a setting before and what it was called. So if I don't touch code for awhile I end up accidentally creating multiple entries for the same value that are named slightly differently. Surely there is a better way to keep track of the strings that key to those values. What is a good solution to this problem?

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• Should I have a separate method for Update(), Insert(), etc., or have a generic Query() that would be able to handle all of these?

  - by Prayos

  I'm currently trying to write a class library for a connection to a database. Looking over it, there are several different types of queries: Select From, Update, Insert, etc. My question is, what is the best practice for writing these queries in a C# application? Should I have a separate method for each of them(i.e. Update(), Insert()), or have a generic Query() that would be able to handle all of these? Thanks for any and all help!

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• What if you've been asked to develop a site and the client later introduces Ts&Cs that you'll breach whilst doing your job?

  - by Matt Lacey

  Disclaimer : this is all made up. Honest. And it represents no clients or employers living or dead, blah blah blah, etc. [Allegedly] As part of a website I've built, I've now been provided the Terms and Conditions of site usage to display on the site. These terms--which must be agreed to to access the site--include my (or any visitor to the sites) compliance with a number of clauses. Many of these clauses refer to general computer use and are not tied specifically to use of the site. Some of these clauses refer to things I have had to previously do as a legitimate part of my job and would expect to have to do again. When I've raised similar issues previously my line manager has said just to ignore it but that doesn't seem to be the professional thing to do. So, what do I do? Abiding by the terms would mean that I could no longer work on the project and would cause issues with my employer and the owner of the business the site is being created for. Ignoring them could lead to possible future issues with the business owner and is not something I'm necessarily happy with (the deliberate breaking of a legal contract). Neither option is one I'd choose and could have major consequences. Any thoughts?

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• How do I parse a header with two different version [ID3] avoiding code duplication?

  - by user66141

  I really hope you can give me some interesting viewpoints for my situation, because I am not satisfied with my current approach. I am writing an MP3 parser, starting with an ID3v2 parser. Right now I`m working on the extended header parsing, my issue is that the optional header is defined differently in version 2.3 and 2.4 of the tag. The 2.3 version optional header is defined as follows: struct ID3_3_EXTENDED_HEADER{ DWORD dwExtHeaderSize; //Extended header size (either 6 or 8 bytes , excluded) WORD wExtFlags; //Extended header flags DWORD dwSizeOfPadding; //Size of padding (size of the tag excluding the frames and headers) }; While the 2.4 version is defined : struct ID3_4_EXTENDED_HEADER{ DWORD dwExtHeaderSize; //Extended header size (synchsafe int) BYTE bNumberOfFlagBytes; //Number of flag bytes BYTE bFlags; //Flags }; How could I parse the header while minimizing code duplication? Using two different functions to parse each version sounds less great, using a single function with a different flow for each occasion is similar, any good practices for this kind of issues ? Any tips for avoiding code duplication? Any help would be appreciated.

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• Why are cryptic short identifiers still so common in low-level programming?

  - by romkyns

  There used to be very good reasons for keeping instruction / register names short. Those reasons no longer apply, but short cryptic names are still very common in low-level programming. Why is this? Is it just because old habits are hard to break, or are there better reasons? For example: Atmel ATMEGA32U2 (2010?): TIFR1 (instead of TimerCounter1InterruptFlag), ICR1H (instead of InputCapture1High), DDRB (instead of DataDirectionPortB), etc. .NET CLR instruction set (2002): bge.s (instead of branch-if-greater.signed), etc. Aren't the longer, non-cryptic names easier to work with?

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• Are there similarities between operating system kernels and programming language kernels?

  - by rahmu

  I know very little about Smalltalk but I noticed that there's a frequent mention of the "kernel". Dan Ingalls prime maintainer of several implementations of Smalltalk also worked on a Javascript environment called "Lively Kernel" and in Peter Siebel's book he kept mentionning the "kernel". I cannot help but think that it is no coincidence that the creators of Smalltalk used the name of a (central) part of operating systems to refer to a particular component of their language. Was it because Smalltalk intended to act as an operating system? Was it because theory behind programming languages and operating systems have a lot in common? What is the reason behind the common appelation of the two components?

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• If an app runs well on iPhone 3GS with iOS 5.1, how to know that it runs well on iOS 4.3? [closed]

  - by ????

  I bought an iPhone 3GS just to test backward compatibility of apps that I developed, but it arrived preinstalled with iOS 5.1. So even if an app runs well on iPhone 3GS and iOS 5.1 with its hardware limitation, how can we tell that it runs well even on iPhone 3GS with iOS 4.3? Will it actually be better to install iOS 4.3 on the phone so that we know even the older iOS can support it, so the newer iOS will work well supposedly? Or is there a need to buy yet another iPhone 3GS and install 4.3 on one and 5.1 on the other? (my assumption is that if we set the app's build target iOS to 4.3, the iPhone 3G won't be able to install it, because iPhone 3G only runs iOS up to 4.2. So the target device is 3GS but not earlier. But it will exclude iPod Touch 2nd Generation as well because they also can only support iOS up to 4.2 only)

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• How we call an RPC that not only calls external functions but also updates data structures?

  - by Kabumbus

  I have a simple C++ RPC that lets you have remote class instances that support live members (data structures) update as well as method calls. For example I had a class declared like this (pseudocode): class Sum{ public: RPC_FIELD(int lastSum); RPC_METHOD(int summ(int a, int b)) { lastSum = a + b; return lastSum; } }; On machine A I had its instance. On machines B and C I had created its instances and connected them to machine A. So now they actually do all processing on machine A but machines B, C get lastSum class field updates automatically (and can subscribe to update event). How to call (Nice Name) such a functionality when we have binding over network done automatically by RPC library? How RPC library creator can announce such feature?

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• How to calculate square root in PHP [explained] [on hold]

  - by Enes Imsirovic

  At first code ! Don't forget embed the JQuery ! <html> <head> <title>Simple jQuery and PHP Square Root example</title> <script src="js/jquery-1.10.1.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function() { $('#form').submit(function(){ var number = $('#number').val(); $.ajax({type:"post",url:"calculate.php",data:"number=" +number,success:function(msg){$('#result').hide(); $("#result").html("<h3>" + msg + "</h3>").fadeIn("slow"); } }); return false; }); }); </script> </head> <body> <form id="form" action="calculate.php" method="post"> Enter number: <input id="number" type="text" name="number" /> <input id="submit" type="submit" value="Calculate Square Root" name="submit"/> </form> <p id="result"></p> </body> </html> Second code witch would be connected with first : calculate.php <?php if($_POST['number']==null){ echo "Please Enter a Number"; }else { if (!is_numeric($_POST['number'])) { echo "Please enter only numbers"; }else{ echo "Square Root of " .$_POST['number'] ." is ".sqrt($_POST['number']); } } ?> Chiefly for begginers, to see the power of PHP :) xD Load this on your localhost.. PHP files and JS : https://mega.co.nz/#!Et8zWSBb!KX2PFxa2Pzw_l-wi6QU8xi_eKTlHbtQuBsT_DvXrifk At least it look like this : http://imgur.com/vNnDRQ3

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• Constructor should generally not call methods

  - by Stefano Borini

  I described to a colleague why a constructor calling a method can be an antipattern. example (in my rusty C++) class C { public : C(int foo); void setFoo(int foo); private: int foo; } C::C(int foo) { setFoo(foo); } void C::setFoo(int foo) { this->foo = foo } I would like to motivate better this fact through your additional contribute. If you have examples, book references, blog pages, or names of principles, they would be very welcome. Edit: I'm talking in general, but we are coding in python.

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• What do you wish language designers paid attention to?

  - by Berin Loritsch

  The purpose of this question is not to assemble a laundry list of programming language features that you can't live without, or wish was in your main language of choice. The purpose of this question is to bring to light corners of languge design most language designers might not think about. So, instead of thinking about language feature X, think a little more philisophically. One of my biases, and perhaps it might be controversial, is that the softer side of engineering--the whys and what fors--are many times more important than the more concrete side. For example, Ruby was designed with a stated goal of improving developer happiness. While your opinions may be mixed on whether it delivered or not, the fact that was a goal means that some of the choices in language design were influenced by that philosophy. Please do not post: Syntax flame wars (I could care less whether you use whitespace [Python], keywords [Ruby], or curly braces [Java, C/C++, et. al.] to denote program blocks). That's just an implementation detail. "Any language that doesn't have feature X doesn't deserve to exist" type comments. There is at least one reason for all programming languages to exist--good or bad. Please do post: Philisophical ideas that language designers seem to miss. Technical concepts that seem to be poorly implemented more often than not. Please do provide an example of the pain it causes and if you have any ideas of how you would prefer it to function. Things you wish were in the platform's common library but seldom are. One the same token, things that usually are in a common library that you wish were not. Conceptual features such as built in test/assertion/contract/error handling support that you wish all programming languages would implement properly--and define properly. My hope is that this will be a fun and stimulating topic.

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• Do you keep your ideas secret? and why?

  - by MainMa

  I believe any programmer has several ideas that she/he considers as innovative or at least valuable. It may be an idea of a new product which will make this world better or a new development approach, etc. But a great idea must be implemented and promoted/advertised. This requires a lot of work (proofs of concept, prototypes, technology previews, etc.) and a lot of money (appropriate advertisement, marketing, etc.). So months later, the idea stays in our heads, but nothing else is done, because it's difficult, long and expensive, sometimes even impossible for a single developer. On the other hand, it would be painful to share our ideas, and see a medium-size company which has enough resources making something useful from it and having success and money. So what do you do with your ideas you can hardly implement or patent? Do you talk freely about them in discussion boards and with other developers? Do you keep them like a precious thing without never talking about them to anybody? If you keep your ideas, why are you doing so? Is it just because you hope that one day, you will be able to implement them and have a huge success, while you know very well by experience that it's an utopia?

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• Resources for Entry Level Software Engineering Positions

  - by cdmcnamara

  Hi All, I will be graduating this May with a degree in Computer Science from a well regarded university located in the SF Bay Area. Unfortunately our career services center is terrible and the likely hood of finding a job through them is minimal. I was hoping someone might be able to offer some insight on resources / sites that have a fair amount of entry-level software engineering related jobs? Thanks in advance.

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• Is that true that .Net will be dumped by Microsoft in Windows 8? [closed]

  - by Dee Jay

  Possible Duplicate: What does Windows 8 mean for the future of .NET? Ok, I read this question and someone pointed that C# will be sidelined in next version of windows. There is a link in that question pointed at another link, i.e. this one: Dumping .NET - Microsoft's Madness Is that true that .Net will be dumped by Microsoft in Windows 8? Someone with insider information please share with us your opinions. I'm deeply worried about this.

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• Testing To Prevent Cascading Bugs

  - by jfrankcarr

  Yesterday, Twitter was hit with a "Cascading Bug" as described in this blog post: A “cascading bug” is a bug with an effect that isn’t confined to a particular software element, but rather its effect “cascades” into other elements as well. I've seen this kind of bug, on a smaller scale of course, on some projects I've worked on. They can be difficult to identify in dev/test environments, even within a test driven development environment. My questions are... What are some strategies you use, beyond the basic TDD and standard regression testing, to identify and prevent the potential trouble points that might only occur in the production environment? Does the presence of such problems indicate a breakdown in the software development process or simply a by-product of complex software systems?

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• Obtain reference to Parent object during instantiation

  - by GoldBishop

  I have a situation where a custom class is a property of another class. What i need to be able to do, if it is possible at all, is obtain a reverse to the "parent" class (ie the the class that holds the current class as a property). For Instance: Public Class Class1 ... public readonly property Prop11 as Class2 public property Prop12 as String ... End Class Public Class Class2 ... private _par as Class1 private _var21 as string ... Public Sub New(...) me._par = ???? ... End Sub public readonly property Prop21 as string Get return me._par.Prop12 & me._var21 End Get End Property ... End Class Ultimately, i am trying to access other properties within Class1 from Class2 as they do have substance for information from within Class2. There are several other classes within Class1 that provide descriptive information to other classes contained within it as properties but the information is not extensible to all of the classes through Inheritance, as Class1 is being used as a resource bin for the property classes and the application itself. Diagram, lazy design ;): Application <- Class1.Prop12 Application <- Class1.Prop11.Prop21 Question: Is it possible to get a recursion through this design setup?

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• Is it conceivable to have millions of lists of data in memory in Python?

  - by Codemonkey

  I have over the last 30 days been developing a Python application that utilizes a MySQL database of information (specifically about Norwegian addresses) to perform address validation and correction. The database contains approximately 2.1 million rows (43 columns) of data and occupies 640MB of disk space. I'm thinking about speed optimizations, and I've got to assume that when validating 10,000+ addresses, each validation running up to 20 queries to the database, networking is a speed bottleneck. I haven't done any measuring or timing yet, and I'm sure there are simpler ways of speed optimizing the application at the moment, but I just want to get the experts' opinions on how realistic it is to load this amount of data into a row-of-rows structure in Python. Also, would it even be any faster? Surely MySQL is optimized for looking up records among vast amounts of data, so how much help would it even be to remove the networking step? Can you imagine any other viable methods of removing the networking step? The location of the MySQL server will vary, as the application might well be run from a laptop at home or at the office, where the server would be local.

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• How to rewrite a TCP MMOG server designed to run in a single machine, in a distributed way?

  - by Dokkat

  I have a MMOG server running on C++, using winsockets. My server won't support more than 200 players. I had the idea of redesigning it so it will use multiple servers instead of one, so, maybe, for example, each server could take care of a number of players, and, if it was too laggy, it could transfer the responsability of that player to other server. I'm not sure of how to program a consistent game logic like that, though. Are there techniques for this?

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• Is this paragraph in Code Complete 2 backwards, or am I misunderstanding it?

  - by user828584

  In chapter 13, when talking about pointers, there is a paragraph: Sometimes, however, you would like to have the semantics of pass by reference—that is, that the passed object should not be altered—with the implementation of pass by value—that is, passing the actual object rather than a copy. It seems like the author made a mistake and mixed the two up. Is this true, or am I not understanding what he's saying correctly?

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