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  • Numpy modify array in place?

    - by User
    I have the following code which is attempting to normalize the values of an m x n array (It will be used as input to a neural network, where m is the number of training examples and n is the number of features). However, when I inspect the array in the interpreter after the script runs, I see that the values are not normalized; that is, they still have the original values. I guess this is because the assignment to the array variable inside the function is only seen within the function. How can I do this normalization in place? Or do I have to return a new array from the normalize function? import numpy def normalize(array, imin = -1, imax = 1): """I = Imin + (Imax-Imin)*(D-Dmin)/(Dmax-Dmin)""" dmin = array.min() dmax = array.max() array = imin + (imax - imin)*(array - dmin)/(dmax - dmin) print array[0] def main(): array = numpy.loadtxt('test.csv', delimiter=',', skiprows=1) for column in array.T: normalize(column) return array if __name__ == "__main__": a = main()

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  • How to replace empty string with zero in comma-separated string?

    - by dsaccount1
    "8,5,,1,4,7,,,,7,,1,9,3,6,,,8,6,3,9,,2,5,4,,,,,3,2,,,7,4,1,1,,4,,6,9,,5,,,,5,,,1,,6,3,,,6,5,,,,7,4,,1,7,6,,,,8,,5,,,7,1,,3,9," I'm doing a programming challenge where i need to parse this sequence into my sudoku script. Need to get the above sequence into 8,5,0,1,4,7,0,0,0,7,0,1,9,3,6,0,0,8......... I tried re but without success, help is appreciated, thanks.

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  • unit test for proxy checking

    - by zubin71
    Proxy configuration of a machine can be easily fetched using def check_proxy(): import urllib2 http_proxy = urllib2.getproxies().get('http') I need to write a test for the above written function. In order to do that I need to:- Set the system-wide proxy to an invalid URL during the test(sounds like a bad idea). Supply an invalid URL to http_proxy. How can I achieve either of the above?

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  • How to classify NN/NNP/NNS obtained from POS tagged document as a product feature

    - by Shweta .......
    I'm planning to perform sentiment analysis on reviews of product features (collected from Amazon dataset). I have extracted review text from the dataset and performed POS tagging on that. I'm able to extract NN/NNP as well. But my doubt is how do I come to know that extracted words classify as features of the products? I know there are classifiers in nltk but I don't know how I should use it for my project. I'm assuming there are 2 ways of finding whether the extracted word is a product feature or not. One is to compare with a bag of words and find out if my word exists in that. Doubt: How do I create/get bag of words? Second way is to implement some kind of apriori algorithm to find out frequently occurring words as features. I would like to know which method is good and how to go about implementing it. Some pointers to available softwares or code snippets would be helpful! Thanks!

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  • SQLAlchemy returns tuple not dictionary

    - by Ivan
    Hi everyone, I've updated SQLAlchemy to 0.6 but it broke everything. I've noticed it returns tuple not a dictionary anymore. Here's a sample query: query = session.query(User.id, User.username, User.email).filter(and_(User.id == id, User.username == username)).limit(1) result = session.execute(query).fetchone() This piece of code used to return a dictionary in 0.5. My question is how can I return a dictionary?

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  • How to extend the comments framework (django) by removing unnecesary fields?

    - by Ignacio
    Hi, I've been reading on the django docs about the comments framework and how to customize it (http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.1/ref/contrib/comments/custom/) In that page, it shows how to add new fields to a form. But what I want to do is to remove unnecesary fields, like URL, email (amongst other minor mods.) On that same doc page it says the way to go is to extend my custom comments class from BaseCommentAbstractModel, but that's pretty much it, I've come so far and now I'm at a loss. I couldn't find anything on this specific aspect.

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  • Url open encoding

    - by badc0re
    I have the following code for urllib and BeautifulSoup: getSite = urllib.urlopen(pageName) # open current site getSitesoup = BeautifulSoup(getSite.read()) # reading the site content print getSitesoup.originalEncoding for value in getSitesoup.find_all('link'): # extract all <a> tags defLinks.append(value.get('href')) The result of it: /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/bs4/dammit.py:231: UnicodeWarning: Some characters could not be decoded, and were replaced with REPLACEMENT CHARACTER. "Some characters could not be decoded, and were " And when i try to read the site i get: ?7?e????0*"I??G?H????F??????9-??????;??E?YÞBs????????????4i???)?????^W?????`w?Ke??%??*9?.'OQB???V??@?????]???(P??^??q?$?S5???tT*?Z

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  • Splitting a person's name into forename and surname

    - by Nick
    ok so basically I am asking the question of their name I want this to be one input rather than Forename and Surname. Now is there any way of splitting this name? and taking just the last word from the "Sentence" e.g. name = "Thomas Winter" print name.split() and what would be output is just "Winter"

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  • How to extend models of other applications in Django?

    - by culebrón
    I have a small app with Category model and want to make a required foreign key referencing it from Photologue Gallery model. What's the right approach? I can make many-to-many field in Category, but this way it will not be required in Gallery. Use "register" and modify the Gallery model? Inherit it in my app?

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  • Why does my buffered GraphicsContext application have a flickering problem?

    - by Bibendum
    import wx class MainFrame(wx.Frame): def __init__(self,parent,title): wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, title=title, size=(640,480)) self.mainPanel=DoubleBufferTest(self,-1) self.Show(True) class DoubleBufferTest(wx.Panel): def __init__(self,parent=None,id=-1): wx.Panel.__init__(self,parent,id,style=wx.FULL_REPAINT_ON_RESIZE) self.SetBackgroundColour("#FFFFFF") self.timer = wx.Timer(self) self.timer.Start(100) self.Bind(wx.EVT_TIMER, self.update, self.timer) self.Bind(wx.EVT_PAINT,self.onPaint) def onPaint(self,event): event.Skip() dc = wx.MemoryDC() dc.SelectObject(wx.EmptyBitmap(640, 480)) gc = wx.GraphicsContext.Create(dc) gc.PushState() gc.SetBrush(wx.Brush("#CFCFCF")) bgRect=gc.CreatePath() bgRect.AddRectangle(0,0,640,480) gc.FillPath(bgRect) gc.PopState() dc2=wx.PaintDC(self) dc2.Blit(0,0,640,480,dc,0,0) def update(self,event): self.Refresh() app = wx.App(False) f=MainFrame(None,"Test") app.MainLoop() I've come up with this code to draw double buffered GraphicsContext content onto a panel, but there's a constant flickering across the window. I've tried different kinds of paths, like lines and curves but it's still there and I don't know what's causing it.

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  • How can I lookup an attribute in any scope by name?

    - by Wai Yip Tung
    How can I lookup an attribute in any scope by name? My first trial is to use globals() and locals(). e.g. >>> def foo(name): ... a=1 ... print globals().get(name), locals().get(name) ... >>> foo('a') None 1 >>> b=1 >>> foo('b') 1 None >>> foo('foo') <function foo at 0x014744B0> None So far so good. However it fails to lookup any built-in names. >>> range <built-in function range> >>> foo('range') None None >>> int <type 'int'> >>> foo('int') None None Any idea on how to lookup built-in attributes?

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  • Formwizards for editing in Django

    - by Espen Christensen
    Hi, I am in the process of making a webapp, and this webapp needs to have a form wizard. The wizard consists of 3 ModelForms, and it works flawlessly. But I need the second form to be a "edit form". That is, i need it to be a form that is passed an instance. How can you do this with a form wizard? How do you pass in an instance of a model? I see that the FormWizard class has a get_form method, but isnt there a documented way to use the formwizard for editing/reviewing of data?

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  • Refactoring code/consolidating functions (e.g. nested for-loop order)

    - by bmay2
    Just a little background: I'm making a program where a user inputs a skeleton text, two numbers (lower and upper limit), and a list of words. The outputs are a series of modifications on the skeleton text. Sample inputs: text = "Player # likes @." (replace # with inputted integers and @ with words in list) lower = 1 upper = 3 list = "apples, bananas, oranges" The user can choose to iterate over numbers first: Player 1 likes apples. Player 2 likes apples. Player 3 likes apples. Or words first: Player 1 likes apples. Player 1 likes bananas. Player 1 likes oranges. I chose to split these two methods of outputs by creating a different type of dictionary based on either number keys (integers inputted by the user) or word keys (from words in the inputted list) and then later iterating over the values in the dictionary. Here are the two types of dictionary creation: def numkey(dict): # {1: ['Player 1 likes apples', 'Player 1 likes...' ] } text, lower, upper, list = input_sort(dict) d = {} for num in range(lower,upper+1): l = [] for i in list: l.append(text.replace('#', str(num)).replace('@', i)) d[num] = l return d def wordkey(dict): # {'apples': ['Player 1 likes apples', 'Player 2 likes apples'..] } text, lower, upper, list = input_sort(dict) d = {} for i in list: l = [] for num in range(lower,upper+1): l.append(text.replace('#', str(num)).replace('@', i)) d[i] = l return d It's fine that I have two separate functions for creating different types of dictionaries but I see a lot of repetition between the two. Is there any way I could make one dictionary function and pass in different values to it that would change the order of the nested for loops to create the specific {key : value} pairs I'm looking for? I'm not sure how this would be done. Is there anything related to functional programming or other paradigms that might help with this? The question is a little abstract and more stylistic/design-oriented than anything.

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  • Returning Database Blobs in TurboGears 2.x / FCGI / Lighttpd extremely slow

    - by Tom
    Hey everyone, I am running a TG2 App on lighttpd via flup/fastcgi. We are reading images (~30kb each) from BlobFields in a MySQL database and return those images with a custom mime type via a controller method. Caching these images on the hard disk makes no sense because they change with every request, the only reason we cache these in the DB is that creating these images is quite expensive and the data used to create the images is also present in plain text on the website. Now to the problem itself: When returning such an image, things get extremely slow. The code runs totally fine on paster itself with no visible delay, but as soon as its running via fcgi/lighttpd the described phenomenon happens. I profiled the method of my controller that returns my blob, and the entire method runs in a few miliseconds, but when "return" executes, the entire app hangs for roughly 10 seconds. We could not reproduce the same error with PHP on FCGI. This only seems to happen with Turbogears or Pylons. Here for your consideration the concerned piece of source code: @expose(content_type=CUSTOM_CONTENT_TYPE) def return_img(self, img_id): """ Return a DB persisted image when requested """ img = model.Images.by_id(img_id) #get image from DB response.headers['content-type'] = 'image/png' return img.data # this causes the app to hang for 10 seconds

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  • How to retrieve view of MultiIndex DataFrame

    - by Henry S. Harrison
    This question was inspired by this question. I had the same problem, updating a MultiIndex DataFrame by selection. The drop_level=False solution in Pandas 0.13 will allow me to achieve the same result, but I am still wondering why I cannot get a view from the MultiIndex DataFrame. In other words, why does this not work?: >>> sat = d.xs('sat', level='day', copy=False) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\frame.py", line 2248, in xs raise ValueError('Cannot retrieve view (copy=False)') ValueError: Cannot retrieve view (copy=False) Of course it could be only because it is not implemented, but is there a reason? Is it somehow ambiguous or impossible to implement? Returning a view is more intuitive to me than returning a copy then later updating the original. I looked through the source and it seems this situation is checked explicitly to raise an error. Alternatively, is it possible to get the same sort of view from any of the other indexing methods? I've experimented but have not been successful. [edit] Some potential implementations are discussed here. I guess with the last question above I'm wondering what the current best solution is to index into arbitrary multiindex slices and cross-sections.

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  • How to build a Django form which requires a delay to be re-submitted ?

    - by pierre-guillaume-degans
    Hey, In order to avoid spamming, I would like to add a waiting time to re-submit a form (i.e. the user should wait a few seconds to submit the form, except the first time that this form is submitted). To do that, I added a timestamp to my form (and a security_hash field containing the timestamp plus the settings.SECRET_KEY which ensures that the timestamp is not fiddled with). This look like: class MyForm(forms.Form): timestamp = forms.IntegerField(widget=forms.HiddenInput) security_hash = forms.CharField(min_length=40, max_length=40, widget=forms.HiddenInput) # + some other fields.. # + methods to build the hash and to clean the timestamp... # (it is based on django.contrib.comments.forms.CommentSecurityForm) def clean_timestamp(self): """Make sure the delay is over (5 seconds).""" ts = self.cleaned_data["timestamp"] if not time.time() - ts > 5: raise forms.ValidationError("Timestamp check failed") return ts # etc... This works fine. However there is still an issue: the timestamp is checked the first time the form is submitted by the user, and I need to avoid this. Any idea to fix it ? Thank you ! :-)

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  • how to make my method running on the template of google-app-engine..

    - by zjm1126
    the model is : class someModel(db.Model): name = db.StringProperty() def name_is_sss(self): return self.name=='sss' the view is : a=someModel() a.name='sss' path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), os.path.join('templates', 'blog/a.html')) self.response.out.write(template.render(path, {'a':a})) and the html is : {{ a.name_is_sss }} the page shows : True so i want to make it more useful, and like this: the model: class someModel(db.Model): name = db.StringProperty() def name_is_x(self,x): return self.name==x the html is : {% a.name_is_x 'www'%} or {{ a.name_is_x 'www'}} but the error is : TemplateSyntaxError: Invalid block tag: 'a.name_is_x' or TemplateSyntaxError: Could not parse the remainder: 'www' so how to make my method running thanks

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  • Trouble with encoding and urllib

    - by Ockonal
    Hello, I'm loading web-page using urllib. Ther eis russian symbols, but page encoding is 'utf-8' 1 pageData = unicode(requestHandler.read()).decode('utf-8') UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xd0 in position 262: ordinal not in range(128) 2 pageData = requestHandler.read() soupHandler = BeautifulSoup(pageData) print soupHandler.findAll(...) UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode characters in position 340-345: ordinal not in range(128)

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  • Simple pygtk and threads example please.

    - by wtzolt
    Hello, Can someone give me a simple example involving threads in this manner, please. Problem with my code is that when I click button One, GUI freezes until its finished. I want buttons to stay responsive when def is being executed. How can i fix that? class fun: wTree = None def __init__( self ): self.wTree = gtk.glade.XML( "ui.glade" ) dic = { "on_buttonOne" : self.one, "on_buttonTwo" : self.two, } self.wTree.signal_autoconnect( dic ) gtk.main() def sone(self, widget): time.sleep(1) print "1" time.sleep(1) print "2" time.sleep(1) print "3" def stwo(self, widget): time.sleep(1) print "4" time.sleep(1) print "5" time.sleep(1) print "6" do=fun() Pretty please, help me.

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