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  • Obtaining references to function objects on the execution stack from the frame object?

    - by Marcin
    Given the output of inspect.stack(), is it possible to get the function objects from anywhere from the stack frame and call these? If so, how? (I already know how to get the names of the functions.) Here is what I'm getting at: Let's say I'm a function and I'm trying to determine if my caller is a generator or a regular function? I need to call inspect.isgeneratorfunction() on the function object. And how do you figure out who called you? inspect.stack(), right? So if I can somehow put those together, I'll have the answer to my question. Perhaps there is an easier way to do this?

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  • How can I draw a log-normalized imshow plot with a colorbar representing the raw data in matplotlib

    - by Adam Fraser
    I'm using matplotlib to plot log-normalized images but I would like the original raw image data to be represented in the colorbar rather than the [0-1] interval. I get the feeling there's a more matplotlib'y way of doing this by using some sort of normalization object and not transforming the data beforehand... in any case, there could be negative values in the raw image. import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np def log_transform(im): '''returns log(image) scaled to the interval [0,1]''' try: (min, max) = (im[im > 0].min(), im.max()) if (max > min) and (max > 0): return (np.log(im.clip(min, max)) - np.log(min)) / (np.log(max) - np.log(min)) except: pass return im a = np.ones((100,100)) for i in range(100): a[i] = i f = plt.figure() ax = f.add_subplot(111) res = ax.imshow(log_transform(a)) # the colorbar drawn shows [0-1], but I want to see [0-99] cb = f.colorbar(res) I've tried using cb.set_array, but that didn't appear to do anything, and cb.set_clim, but that rescales the colors completely. Thanks in advance for any help :)

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  • Am I mocking this helper function right in my Django test?

    - by CppLearner
    lib.py from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse def render_reverse(f, kwargs): """ kwargs is a dictionary, usually of the form {'args': [cbid]} """ return reverse(f, **kwargs) tests.py from lib import render_reverse, print_ls class LibTest(unittest.TestCase): def test_render_reverse_is_correct(self): #with patch('webclient.apps.codebundles.lib.reverse') as mock_reverse: with patch('django.core.urlresolvers.reverse') as mock_reverse: from lib import render_reverse mock_f = MagicMock(name='f', return_value='dummy_views') mock_kwargs = MagicMock(name='kwargs',return_value={'args':['123']}) mock_reverse.return_value = '/natrium/cb/details/123' response = render_reverse(mock_f(), mock_kwargs()) self.assertTrue('/natrium/cb/details/' in response) But instead, I get File "/var/lib/graphyte-webclient/graphyte-webenv/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/core/urlresolvers.py", line 296, in reverse "arguments '%s' not found." % (lookup_view_s, args, kwargs)) NoReverseMatch: Reverse for 'dummy_readfile' with arguments '('123',)' and keyword arguments '{}' not found. Why is it calling reverse instead of my mock_reverse (it is looking up my urls.py!!) The author of Mock library Michael Foord did a video cast here (around 9:17), and in the example he passed the mock object request to the view function index. Furthermore, he patched POll and assigned an expected return value. Isn't that what I am doing here? I patched reverse? Thanks.

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  • redefine __and__ operator

    - by wiso
    Why I can't redefine the __and__ operator? class Cut(object): def __init__(self, cut): self.cut = cut def __and__(self, other): return Cut("(" + self.cut + ") && (" + other.cut + ")") a = Cut("a>0") b = cut("b>0") c = a and b print c.cut() I want (a>0) && (b>0), but I got b, that the usual behaviour of and

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  • How to make scipy.interpolate give a an extrapolated result beyond the input range?

    - by Salim Fadhley
    I'm trying to port a program which uses a hand-rolled interpolator (developed by a mathematitian colleage) over to use the interpolators provided by scipy. I'd like to use or wrap the scipy interpolator so that it has as close as possible behavior to the old interpolator. A key difference between the two functions is that in our original interpolator - if the input value is above or below the input range, our original interpolator will extrapolate the result. If you try this with the scipy interpolator it raises a ValueError. Consider this program as an example: import numpy as np from scipy import interpolate x = np.arange(0,10) y = np.exp(-x/3.0) f = interpolate.interp1d(x, y) print f(9) print f(11) # Causes ValueError, because it's greater than max(x) Is there a sensible way to make it so that instead of crashing, the final line will simply do a linear extrapolate, continuing the gradients defined by the first and last two pouints to infinity. Note, that in the real software I'm not actually using the exp function - that's here for illustration only!

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  • How to classify NN/NNP/NNS obtained from POS tagged document as a product feature

    - by Shweta .......
    I'm planning to perform sentiment analysis on reviews of product features (collected from Amazon dataset). I have extracted review text from the dataset and performed POS tagging on that. I'm able to extract NN/NNP as well. But my doubt is how do I come to know that extracted words classify as features of the products? I know there are classifiers in nltk but I don't know how I should use it for my project. I'm assuming there are 2 ways of finding whether the extracted word is a product feature or not. One is to compare with a bag of words and find out if my word exists in that. Doubt: How do I create/get bag of words? Second way is to implement some kind of apriori algorithm to find out frequently occurring words as features. I would like to know which method is good and how to go about implementing it. Some pointers to available softwares or code snippets would be helpful! Thanks!

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  • Matching strings

    - by Joy
    Write the function subStringMatchExact. This function takes two arguments: a target string, and a key string. It should return a tuple of the starting points of matches of the key string in the target string, when indexing starts at 0. Complete the definition for def subStringMatchExact(target,key): For example, subStringMatchExact("atgacatgcacaagtatgcat","atgc") would return the tuple (5, 15).

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  • Most efficient way to update attribute of one instance

    - by Begbie00
    Hi all - I'm creating an arbitrary number of instances (using for loops and ranges). At some event in the future, I need to change an attribute for only one of the instances. What's the best way to do this? Right now, I'm doing the following: 1) Manage the instances in a list. 2) Iterate through the list to find a key value. 3) Once I find the right object within the list (i.e. key value = value I'm looking for), change whatever attribute I need to change. for Instance within ListofInstances: if Instance.KeyValue == SearchValue: Instance.AttributeToChange = 10 This feels really inefficient: I'm basically iterating over the entire list of instances, even through I only need to change an attribute in one of them. Should I be storing the Instance references in a structure more suitable for random access (e.g. dictionary with KeyValue as the dictionary key?) Is a dictionary any more efficient in this case? Should I be using something else? Thanks, Mike

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  • etree.findall: 'OR'-lookup?

    - by piquadrat
    I want to find all stylesheet definitions in a XHTML file with lxml.etree.findall. This could be as simple as elems = tree.findall('link[@rel="stylesheet"]') + tree.findall('style') But the problem with CSS style definitions is that the order matters, e.g. <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/media/css/first.css" /> <style>body:{font-size: 10px;}</style> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/media/css/second.css" /> if the contents of the style tag is applied after the rules in the two link tags, the result may be completely different from the one where the rules are applied in order of definition. So, how would I do a lookup that inlcudes both link[@rel="stylesheet"] and style?

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  • I am currently serving my static files in Django. How do I use Apache2 to do this?

    - by alex
    (r'^media/(?P<path>.*)$', 'django.views.static.serve',{'document_root': settings.MEDIA_ROOT}), As you can see, I have a directory called "media" under my Django project. I would like to delete this line in my urls.py and instead us Apache to serve my static files. What do I do to my Apache configs (which files do I change) in order to do this? By the way, I installed Apache2 like normal: sudo aptitude install apache2

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  • Qt/PyQt dialog with toggable fullscreen mode - problem on Windows

    - by Guard
    I have a dialog created in PyQt. It's purpose and functionality don't matter. The init is: class MyDialog(QWidget, ui_module.Ui_Dialog): def __init__(self, parent=None): super(MyDialog, self).__init__(parent) self.setupUi(self) self.installEventFilter(self) self.setWindowFlags(Qt.Dialog | Qt.WindowTitleHint) self.showMaximized() Then I have event filtering method: def eventFilter(self, obj, event): if event.type() == QEvent.KeyPress: key = event.key() if key == Qt.Key_F11: if self.isFullScreen(): self.setWindowFlags(self._flags) if self._state == 'm': self.showMaximized() else: self.showNormal() self.setGeometry(self._geometry) else: self._state = 'm' if self.isMaximized() else 'n' self._flags = self.windowFlags() self._geometry = self.geometry() self.setWindowFlags(Qt.Tool | Qt.FramelessWindowHint) self.showFullScreen() return True elif key == Qt.Key_Escape: self.close() return QWidget.eventFilter(self, obj, event) As can be seen, Esc is used for dialog hiding, and F11 is used for toggling full-screen. In addition, if the user changed the dialog mode from the initial maximized to normal and possibly moved the dialog, it's state and position are restored after exiting the full-screen. Finally, the dialog is created on the MainWindow action triggered: d = MyDialog(self) d.show() It works fine on Linux (Ubuntu Lucid), but quite strange on Windows 7: if I go to the full-screen from the maximized mode, I can't exit full-screen (on F11 dialog disappears and appears in full-screen mode again. If I change the dialog's mode to Normal (by double-clicking its title), then go to full-screen and then return back, the dialog is shown in the normal mode, in the correct position, but without the title line. Most probably the reason for both cases is the same - the setWindowFlags doesn't work. But why? Is it also possible that it is the bug in the recent PyQt version? On Ubuntu I have 4.6.x from apt, and on Windows - the latest installer from the riverbank site.

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  • Filter zipcodes by proximity in Django with the Spherical Law of Cosines

    - by spiffytech
    I'm trying to handle proximity search for a basic store locater in Django. Rather than haul PostGIS around with my app just so I can use GeoDjango's distance filter, I'd like to use the Spherical Law of Cosines distance formula in a model query. I'd like all of the calculations to be done in the database in one query, for efficiency. An example MySQL query from The Internet implementing the Spherical Law of Cosines like this: SELECT id, ( 3959 * acos( cos( radians(37) ) * cos( radians( lat ) ) * cos( radians( lng ) - radians(-122) ) + sin( radians(37) ) * sin( radians( lat ) ) ) ) AS distance FROM stores HAVING distance < 25 ORDER BY distance LIMIT 0 , 20; The query needs to reference the Zipcode ForeignKey for each store's lat/lng values. How can I make all of this work in a Django model query?

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  • Django says the "id may not be NULL" but why is it?

    - by Oli
    I'm going crazy today. I just tried to insert a new record and it threw back a "post_blogpost.id may not be NULL" error. Here's my model: class BlogPost(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=100) slug = models.SlugField(max_length=100) who = models.ForeignKey(User, default=1) when = models.DateTimeField() intro = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True) content = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True) counter = models.PositiveIntegerField(default=0) published = models.BooleanField(default=False) css = models.TextField(blank=True, null=True) class Meta: ordering = ('-when', 'id') There are a number of functions beneath the model too but I won't include them in full here. Their names are: content_cache_key, clear_cache, __unicode__, reads, read, processed_content. I'm adding through the admin... And I'm running out of hair.

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  • Returning Database Blobs in TurboGears 2.x / FCGI / Lighttpd extremely slow

    - by Tom
    Hey everyone, I am running a TG2 App on lighttpd via flup/fastcgi. We are reading images (~30kb each) from BlobFields in a MySQL database and return those images with a custom mime type via a controller method. Caching these images on the hard disk makes no sense because they change with every request, the only reason we cache these in the DB is that creating these images is quite expensive and the data used to create the images is also present in plain text on the website. Now to the problem itself: When returning such an image, things get extremely slow. The code runs totally fine on paster itself with no visible delay, but as soon as its running via fcgi/lighttpd the described phenomenon happens. I profiled the method of my controller that returns my blob, and the entire method runs in a few miliseconds, but when "return" executes, the entire app hangs for roughly 10 seconds. We could not reproduce the same error with PHP on FCGI. This only seems to happen with Turbogears or Pylons. Here for your consideration the concerned piece of source code: @expose(content_type=CUSTOM_CONTENT_TYPE) def return_img(self, img_id): """ Return a DB persisted image when requested """ img = model.Images.by_id(img_id) #get image from DB response.headers['content-type'] = 'image/png' return img.data # this causes the app to hang for 10 seconds

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  • twisted reactor stops too early

    - by pygabriel
    I'm doing a batch script to connect to a tcp server and then exiting. My problem is that I can't stop the reactor, for example: cmd = raw_input("Command: ") # custom factory, the protocol just send a line reactor.connectTCP(HOST,PORT, CommandClientFactory(cmd) d = defer.Deferred() d.addCallback(lambda x: reactor.stop()) reactor.callWhenRunning(d.callback,None) reactor.run() In this code the reactor stops before that the tcp connection is done and the cmd is passed. How can I stop the reactor after that all the operation are finished?

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  • I get a 400 Bad Request error while using django-piston

    - by Cheezo
    Hello, I am trying to use Piston to provide REST support to Django. I have implemented my handlers as per the documentation provided . The problem is that i can "read" and "delete" my resource but i cannot "create" or "update". Each time i hit the relevant api i get a 400 Bad request Error. I have extended the Resource class for csrf by using this commonly available code snippet: class CsrfExemptResource(Resource): """A Custom Resource that is csrf exempt""" def init(self, handler, authentication=None): super(CsrfExemptResource, self).init(handler, authentication) self.csrf_exempt = getattr(self.handler, 'csrf_exempt', True) My class (code snippet) looks like this: user_resource = CsrfExemptResource(User) class User(BaseHandler): allowed_methods = ('GET', 'POST', 'PUT', 'DELETE') @require_extended def create(self, request): email = request.GET['email'] password = request.GET['password'] phoneNumber = request.GET['phoneNumber'] firstName = request.GET['firstName'] lastName = request.GET['lastName'] self.createNewUser(self, email,password,phoneNumber,firstName,lastName) return rc.CREATED Please let me know how can i get the create method to work using the POST operation?

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