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  • errors with gae-sessions and nose

    - by Kekito
    I'm running into a few problems with adding gae-sessions to a relatively mature GAE app. I followed the readme carefully and also looked at the demo. First, just adding the gaesesions directory to my app causes the following error when running tests with nose and nose-gae: Exception ImportError: 'No module named threading' in <bound method local.__del__ of <_threading_local.local object at 0x103e10628>> ignored All the tests run fine so not a big problem but suggests that something isn't right. Next, if I add the following two lines of code: from gaesessions import get_current_session session = get_current_session() I get the following error: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/Users/.../unit_tests.py", line 1421, in testParseFBRequest data = tasks.parse_fb_request(sr) File "/Users/.../tasks.py", line 220, in parse_fb_request session = get_current_session() File "/Users/.../gaesessions/__init__.py", line 36, in get_current_session return _tls.current_session File "/Library/.../python2.7/_threading_local.py", line 193, in __getattribute__ return object.__getattribute__(self, name) AttributeError: 'local' object has no attribute 'current_session' Any suggestions on fixing the above would be greatly appreciated.

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  • How do i add a new object with suds?

    - by Jerome
    I'm trying to use suds but have so far been unsuccessful at figuring this out. Hopefully it's something simple that i'm missing. Any help would be highly appreciated. This is supposed to be the raw soap message that i need to achieve: <soapenv:Envelope xmlns:soapenv="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:api="http://api.service.apimember.soapservice.com/"> <soapenv:Header/> <soapenv:Body> <api:insertOrUpdateMemberByObj> <token>t67GFCygjhkjyUy8y9hkjhlkjhuii</token> <member> <dynContent> <entry> <key>FIRSTNAME</key> <value>hhhhbbbbb</value> </entry> </dynContent> <email>[email protected]</email> </member> </api:insertOrUpdateMemberByObj> </soapenv:Body> </soapenv:Envelope> So i use suds to create the member object: member = client.factory.create('member') produces: (apiMember){ attributes = (attributes){ entry[] = <empty> } } How exactly do i append an 'entry'? I try this: member.attributes.entry.append({'key':'FIRSTNAME','value':'test'}) and that produces this: (apiMember){ attributes = (attributes){ entry[] = { value = "test" key = "FIRSTNAME" }, } } However, what i actually need is: (apiMember){ attributes = (attributes){ entry[] = (entry) { value = "test" key = "FIRSTNAME" }, } } How do i achieve this?

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  • Using Range Function

    - by Michael Alexander Riechmann
    My goal is to make a program that takes an input (Battery_Capacity) and ultimately spits out a list of the (New_Battery_Capacity) and the Number of (Cycle) it takes for it ultimately to reach maximum capacity of 80. Cycle = range (160) Charger_Rate = 0.5 * Cycle Battery_Capacity = float(raw_input("Enter Current Capacity:")) New_Battery_Capacity = Battery_Capacity + Charger_Rate if Battery_Capacity < 0: print 'Battery Reading Malfunction (Negative Reading)' elif Battery_Capacity > 80: print 'Battery Reading Malfunction (Overcharged)' elif float(Battery_Capacity) % 0.5 !=0: print 'Battery Malfunction (Charges Only 0.5 Interval)' while Battery_Capacity >= 0 and Battery_Capacity < 80: print New_Battery_Capacity I was wondering why my Cycle = range(160) isn't working in my program?

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  • mod_wsgi daemon mode vs threaded fastcgi

    - by t0ster
    Can someone explain the difference between apache mod_wsgi in daemon mode and django fastcgi in threaded mode. They both use threads for concurrency I think. Supposing that I'm using nginx as front end to apache mod_wsgi. UPDATE: I'm comparing django built in fastcgi(./manage.py method=threaded maxchildren=15) and mod_wsgi in 'daemon' mode(WSGIDaemonProcess example threads=15). They both use threads and acquire GIL, am I right?

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  • Setting up relations/mappings for a SQLAlchemy many-to-many database

    - by Brent Ramerth
    I'm new to SQLAlchemy and relational databases, and I'm trying to set up a model for an annotated lexicon. I want to support an arbitrary number of key-value annotations for the words which can be added or removed at runtime. Since there will be a lot of repetition in the names of the keys, I don't want to use this solution directly, although the code is similar. My design has word objects and property objects. The words and properties are stored in separate tables with a property_values table that links the two. Here's the code: from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, Table, create_engine from sqlalchemy import MetaData, ForeignKey from sqlalchemy.orm import relation, mapper, sessionmaker from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base engine = create_engine('sqlite:///test.db', echo=True) meta = MetaData(bind=engine) property_values = Table('property_values', meta, Column('word_id', Integer, ForeignKey('words.id')), Column('property_id', Integer, ForeignKey('properties.id')), Column('value', String(20)) ) words = Table('words', meta, Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True), Column('name', String(20)), Column('freq', Integer) ) properties = Table('properties', meta, Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True), Column('name', String(20), nullable=False, unique=True) ) meta.create_all() class Word(object): def __init__(self, name, freq=1): self.name = name self.freq = freq class Property(object): def __init__(self, name): self.name = name mapper(Property, properties) Now I'd like to be able to do the following: Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine) s = Session() word = Word('foo', 42) word['bar'] = 'yes' # or word.bar = 'yes' ? s.add(word) s.commit() Ideally this should add 1|foo|42 to the words table, add 1|bar to the properties table, and add 1|1|yes to the property_values table. However, I don't have the right mappings and relations in place to make this happen. I get the sense from reading the documentation at http://www.sqlalchemy.org/docs/05/mappers.html#association-pattern that I want to use an association proxy or something of that sort here, but the syntax is unclear to me. I experimented with this: mapper(Word, words, properties={ 'properties': relation(Property, secondary=property_values) }) but this mapper only fills in the foreign key values, and I need to fill in the other value as well. Any assistance would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Accented characters in matplotlib

    - by OldJim
    Does anyone know a way to get matplotlib to render accented chars (é,ã,â,etc)? For instance i'm trying to use accented chars on set_yticklabels() and matplot renders squares instead, and when i use unicode() it renders the wrong chars. Is there a way to make this work? Thanks in advance, Jim.

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  • What is the Simplest Possible Payment Gateway to Implement? (using Django)

    - by b14ck
    I'm developing a web application that will require users to either make one time deposits of money into their account, or allow users to sign up for recurring billing each month for a certain amount of money. I've been looking at various payment gateways, but most (if not all) of them seem complex and difficult to get working. I also see no real active Django projects which offer simple views for making payments. Ideally, I'd like to use something like Amazon FPS, so that I can see online transaction logs, refund money, etc., but I'm open to other things. I just want the EASIEST possible payment gateway to integrate with my site. I'm not looking for anything fancy, whatever does the job, and requires < 10 hours to get working from start to finish would be perfect. I'll give answer points to whoever can point out a good one. Thanks!

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  • Performing non-blocking requests? - Django

    - by RadiantHex
    Hi folks, I have been playing with other frameworks, such as NodeJS, lately. I love the possibility to return a response, and still being able to do further operations. e.g. def view(request): do_something() return HttpResponse() do_more_stuff() #not possible!!! Maybe Django already offers a way to perform operations after returning a request, if that is the case that would be great. Help would be very much appreciated! =D

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  • Rearranging a sequence

    - by sarah
    I'm have trouble rearranging sequences so the amount of letters in the given original sequence are the same in the random generated sequences. For example: If i have a string 'AAAC' I need that string rearranged randomly so the amount of A's and C's are the same.

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  • Is django orm & templates thread safe?

    - by Piotr Czapla
    I'm using django orm and templates to create a background service that is ran as management command. Do you know if django is thread safe? I'd like to use threads to speed up processing. The processing is blocked by I/O not CPU so I don't care about performance hit caused by GIL.

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  • Deterministic key serialization

    - by Mike Boers
    I'm writing a mapping class which uses SQLite as the storage backend. I am currently allowing only basestring keys but it would be nice if I could use a couple more types hopefully up to anything that is hashable (ie. same requirements as the builtin dict). To that end I would like to derive a deterministic serialization scheme. Ideally, I would like to know if any implementation/protocol combination of pickle is deterministic for hashable objects (e.g. can only use cPickle with protocol 0). I noticed that pickle and cPickle do not match: >>> import pickle >>> import cPickle >>> def dumps(x): ... print repr(pickle.dumps(x)) ... print repr(cPickle.dumps(x)) ... >>> dumps(1) 'I1\n.' 'I1\n.' >>> dumps('hello') "S'hello'\np0\n." "S'hello'\np1\n." >>> dumps((1, 2, 'hello')) "(I1\nI2\nS'hello'\np0\ntp1\n." "(I1\nI2\nS'hello'\np1\ntp2\n." Another option is to use repr to dump and ast.literal_eval to load. This would only be valid for builtin hashable types. I have written a function to determine if a given key would survive this process (it is rather conservative on the types it allows): def is_reprable_key(key): return type(key) in (int, str, unicode) or (type(key) == tuple and all( is_reprable_key(x) for x in key)) The question for this method is if repr itself is deterministic for the types that I have allowed here. I believe this would not survive the 2/3 version barrier due to the change in str/unicode literals. This also would not work for integers where 2**32 - 1 < x < 2**64 jumping between 32 and 64 bit platforms. Are there any other conditions (ie. do strings serialize differently under different conditions)? (If this all fails miserably then I can store the hash of the key along with the pickle of both the key and value, then iterate across rows that have a matching hash looking for one that unpickles to the expected key, but that really does complicate a few other things and I would rather not do it.) Any insights?

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  • Django finding which field matched in a multiple OR query

    - by Greg Hinch
    I've got a couple models which are set up something like this: class Bar(models.Model): baz = models.CharField() class Foo(models.Model): bar1 = models.ForeignKey(Bar) bar2 = models.ForeignKey(Bar) bar3 = models.ForeignKey(Bar) And elsewhere in the code, I end up with an instance of Bar, and need to find the Foo it is attached to in some capacity. Right now I came up with doing a multiple OR query using Q, something like this: foo_inst = Foo.objects.get(Q(bar1=bar_inst) | Q(bar2=bar_inst) | Q(bar3=bar_inst)) What I need to figure out is, which of the 3 cases actually hit, at least the name of the member (bar1, bar2, or bar3). Is there a good way to do this? Is there a better way to structure the query to glean that information?

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  • How to repeatedly show a Dialog with PyGTK / Gtkbuilder?

    - by Julian
    I have created a PyGTK application that shows a Dialog when the user presses a button. The dialog is loaded in my __init__ method with: builder = gtk.Builder() builder.add_from_file("filename") builder.connect_signals(self) self.myDialog = builder.get_object("dialog_name") In the event handler, the dialog is shown with the command self.myDialog.run(), but this only works once, because after run() the dialog is automatically destroyed. If I click the button a second time, the application crashes. I read that there is a way to use show() instead of run() where the dialog is not destroyed, but I feel like this is not the right way for me because I would like the dialog to behave modally and to return control to the code only after the user has closed it. Is there a simple way to repeatedly show a dialog using the run() method using gtkbuilder? I tried reloading the whole dialog using the gtkbuilder, but that did not really seem to work, the dialog was missing all child elements (and I would prefer to have to use the builder only once, at the beginning of the program). [SOLUTION] As pointed out by the answer below, using hide() does the trick. But one has to take care that the dialog is in fact destroyed if one does not catch its "delete-event". A simple example that works is: import pygtk import gtk class DialogTest: def rundialog(self, widget, data=None): self.dia.show_all() result = self.dia.run() def destroy(self, widget, data=None): gtk.main_quit() def closedialog(self, widget, data=None): self.dia.hide() return True def __init__(self): self.window = gtk.Window(gtk.WINDOW_TOPLEVEL) self.window.connect("destroy", self.destroy) self.dia = gtk.Dialog('TEST DIALOG', self.window, gtk.DIALOG_MODAL | gtk.DIALOG_DESTROY_WITH_PARENT) self.dia.vbox.pack_start(gtk.Label('This is just a Test')) self.dia.connect("delete-event", self.closedialog) self.button = gtk.Button("Run Dialog") self.button.connect("clicked", self.rundialog, None) self.window.add(self.button) self.button.show() self.window.show() if __name__ == "__main__": testApp = DialogTest() gtk.main()

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  • how to speed up the code??

    - by kaushik
    i have very huge code about 600 lines plus. cant post the whole thing here. but a particular code snippet is taking so much time,leading to problems. here i post that part of code please tell me what to do speed up the processing.. please suggest the part which may be the reason and measure to improve them if this small part of code is understandable. using_data={} def join_cost(a , b): global using_data #print a #print b save_a=[] save_b=[] print 1 #for i in range(len(m)): #if str(m[i][0])==str(a): save_a=database_index[a] #for i in range(len(m)): # if str(m[i][0])==str(b): #print 'save_a',save_a #print 'save_b',save_b print 2 save_b=database_index[b] using_data[save_a[0]]=save_a s=str(save_a[1]).replace('phone','text') s=str(s)+'.pm' p=os.path.join("c:/begpython/wavnk/",s) x=open(p , 'r') print 3 for i in range(6): x.readline() k2='a' j=0 o=[] while k2 is not '': k2=x.readline() k2=k2.rstrip('\n') oj=k2.split(' ') o=o+[oj] #print o[j] j=j+1 #print j #print o[2][0] temp=long(1232332) end_time=save_a[4] #print end_time k=(j-1) for i in range(k): diff=float(o[i][0])-float(end_time) if diff<0: diff=diff*(-1) if temp>diff: temp=diff pm_row=i #print pm_row #print temp #print o[pm_row] #pm_row=3 q=[] print 4 l=str(p).replace('.pm','.mcep') z=open(l ,'r') for i in range(pm_row): z.readline() k3=z.readline() k3=k3.rstrip('\n') q=k3.split(' ') #print q print 5 s=str(save_b[1]).replace('phone','text') s=str(s)+'.pm' p=os.path.join("c:/begpython/wavnk/",s) x=open(p , 'r') for i in range(6): x.readline() k2='a' j=0 o=[] while k2 is not '': k2=x.readline() k2=k2.rstrip('\n') oj=k2.split(' ') o=o+[oj] #print o[j] j=j+1 #print j #print o[2][0] temp=long(1232332) strt_time=save_b[3] #print strt_time k=(j-1) for i in range(k): diff=float(o[i][0])-float(strt_time) if diff<0: diff=diff*(-1) if temp>diff: temp=diff pm_row=i #print pm_row #print temp #print o[pm_row] #pm_row=3 w=[] l=str(p).replace('.pm','.mcep') z=open(l ,'r') for i in range(pm_row): z.readline() k3=z.readline() k3=k3.rstrip('\n') w=k3.split(' ') #print w cost=0 for i in range(12): #print q[i] #print w[i] h=float(q[i])-float(w[i]) cost=cost+math.pow(h,2) j_cost=math.sqrt(cost) #print cost return j_cost def target_cost(a , b): a=(b+1)*3 b=(a+1)*2 t_cost=(a+b)*5/2 return t_cost r1='shht:ra_77' r2='grx_18' g=[] nodes=[] nodes=nodes+[[r1]] for i in range(len(y_in_db_format)): g=y_in_db_format[i] #print g #print g[0] g.remove(str(g[0])) nodes=nodes+[g] nodes=nodes+[[r2]] print nodes print "lenght of nodes",len(nodes) lists=[] #lists=lists+[r1] for i in range(len(nodes)): for j in range(len(nodes[i])): lists=lists+[nodes[i][j]] #lists=lists+[r2] print lists distance={} for i in range(len(lists)): if i==0: distance[str(lists[i])]=0 else: distance[str(lists[i])]=long(123231223) #print distance group_dist=[] infinity=long(123232323) for i in range(len(nodes)): distances=[] for j in range(len(nodes[i])): #distances=[] if i==0: distances=distances+[[nodes[i][j], 0]] else: distances=distances+[[nodes[i][j],infinity]] group_dist=group_dist+[distances] #print distances print "group_distances",group_dist #print "check",group_dist[0][0][1] #costs={} #for i in range(len(lists)): #if i==0: # costs[str(lists[i])]=1 #else: # costs[str(lists[i])]=get_selfcost(lists[i]) path=[] for i in range(len(nodes)): mini=[] if i!=(len(nodes)-1): #temp=long(123234324) #Now calculate the cost between the current node and each of its neighbour for k in range(len(nodes[(i+1)])): for j in range(len(nodes[i])): current=nodes[i][j] #print "current_node",current j_distance=join_cost( current , nodes[i+1][k]) #t_distance=target_cost( current , nodes[i+1][k]) t_distance=34 #print distance #print "distance between current and neighbours",distance total_distance=(.5*(float(group_dist[i][j][1])+float(j_distance))+.5*(float(t_distance))) #print "total distance between the intial_nodes and current neighbour",total_distance if int(group_dist[i+1][k][1]) > int(total_distance): group_dist[i+1][k][1]=total_distance #print "updated distance",group_dist[i+1][k][1] a=current #print "the neighbour",nodes[i+1][k],"updated the value",a mini=mini+[[str(nodes[i+1][k]),a]] print mini

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  • how to speed up the code??

    - by kaushik
    in my program i have a method which requires about 4 files to be open each time it is called,as i require to take some data.all this data from the file i have been storing in list for manupalation. I approximatily need to call this method about 10,000 times.which is making my program very slow? any method for handling this files in a better ways and is storing the whole data in list time consuming what is better alternatives for list? I can give some code,but my previous question was closed as that only confused everyone as it is a part of big program and need to be explained completely to understand,so i am not giving any code,please suggest ways thinking this as a general question... thanks in advance

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  • Pygame, sounds don't play

    - by terabytest
    I'm trying to play sound files (.wav) with pygame but when I start it I never hear anything. This is the code: import pygame pygame.init() pygame.mixer.init() sounda= pygame.mixer.Sound("desert_rustle.wav") sounda.play() I also tried using channels but the result is the same

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  • Error handling in the RequestHandler without embedding in URI

    - by hyn
    When a user sends a filled form, I want to print an error message in case there is an input error. One of the GAE sample codes does this by embedding the error message in the URI. Inside the form handler (get): self.redirect('/compose?error_message=%s' % message) and in the handler (get) of redirected URI, gets the message from request: values = { 'error_message': self.request.get('error_message'), ... Is there a way to accomplish the same without embedding the message in the URI?

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  • SUDS rendering a duplicate node and wrapping everything in it

    - by PylonsN00b
    Here is my code: #Make the SOAP connection url = "https://api.channeladvisor.com/ChannelAdvisorAPI/v1/InventoryService.asmx?WSDL" headers = {'Content-Type': 'text/xml; charset=utf-8'} ca_client_inventory = Client(url, location="https://api.channeladvisor.com/ChannelAdvisorAPI/v1/InventoryService.asmx", headers=headers) #Make the SOAP headers login = ca_client_inventory.factory.create('APICredentials') login.DeveloperKey = 'REMOVED' login.Password = 'REMOVED' #Attach the headers ca_client_inventory.set_options(soapheaders=login) synch_inventory_item_list = ca_client_inventory.factory.create('SynchInventoryItemList') synch_inventory_item_list.accountID = "REMOVED" array_of_inventory_item_submit = ca_client_inventory.factory.create('ArrayOfInventoryItemSubmit') for product in products: inventory_item_submit = ca_client_inventory.factory.create('InventoryItemSubmit') inventory_item_list = get_item_list(product) inventory_item_submit = [inventory_item_list] array_of_inventory_item_submit.InventoryItemSubmit.append(inventory_item_submit) synch_inventory_item_list.itemList = array_of_inventory_item_submit #Call that service baby! ca_client_inventory.service.SynchInventoryItemList(synch_inventory_item_list) Here is what it outputs: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:ns0="http://api.channeladvisor.com/webservices/" xmlns:ns1="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:tns="http://api.channeladvisor.com/webservices/" xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"> <SOAP-ENV:Header> <tns:APICredentials> <tns:DeveloperKey>REMOVED</tns:DeveloperKey> <tns:Password>REMOVED</tns:Password> </tns:APICredentials> </SOAP-ENV:Header> <ns1:Body> <ns0:SynchInventoryItemList> <ns0:accountID> <ns0:accountID>REMOVED</ns0:accountID> <ns0:itemList> <ns0:InventoryItemSubmit> <ns0:Sku>1872</ns0:Sku> <ns0:Title>The Big Book Of Crazy Quilt Stitches</ns0:Title> <ns0:Subtitle></ns0:Subtitle> <ns0:Description>Embellish the seams and patches of crazy quilt projects with over 75 embroidery stitches and floral motifs. You&apos;ll use this handy reference book again and again to dress up wall hangings, pillows, sachets, clothing, and other nostalgic creations.</ns0:Description> <ns0:Weight>4</ns0:Weight> <ns0:FlagStyle/> <ns0:IsBlocked xsi:nil="true"/> <ns0:ISBN></ns0:ISBN> <ns0:UPC>028906018721</ns0:UPC> <ns0:EAN></ns0:EAN> <ns0:QuantityInfo> <ns0:UpdateType>UnShipped</ns0:UpdateType> <ns0:Total>0</ns0:Total> </ns0:QuantityInfo> <ns0:PriceInfo> <ns0:Cost>0.575</ns0:Cost> <ns0:RetailPrice xsi:nil="true"/> <ns0:StartingPrice xsi:nil="true"/> <ns0:ReservePrice xsi:nil="true"/> <ns0:TakeItPrice>6.95</ns0:TakeItPrice> <ns0:SecondChanceOfferPrice xsi:nil="true"/> <ns0:StorePrice>6.95</ns0:StorePrice> </ns0:PriceInfo> <ns0:ClassificationInfo> <ns0:Name>Books</ns0:Name> <ns0:AttributeList> <ns0:ClassificationAttributeInfo> <ns0:Name>Designer/Author</ns0:Name> <ns0:Value>Patricia Eaton</ns0:Value> </ns0:ClassificationAttributeInfo> <ns0:ClassificationAttributeInfo> <ns0:Name>Trim Size</ns0:Name> <ns0:Value></ns0:Value> </ns0:ClassificationAttributeInfo> <ns0:ClassificationAttributeInfo> <ns0:Name>Binding</ns0:Name> <ns0:Value>Leaflet</ns0:Value> </ns0:ClassificationAttributeInfo> <ns0:ClassificationAttributeInfo> <ns0:Name>Release Date</ns0:Name> <ns0:Value>11/1/1999 0:00:00</ns0:Value> </ns0:ClassificationAttributeInfo> <ns0:ClassificationAttributeInfo> <ns0:Name>Skill Level</ns0:Name> <ns0:Value></ns0:Value> </ns0:ClassificationAttributeInfo> <ns0:ClassificationAttributeInfo> <ns0:Name>Pages</ns0:Name> <ns0:Value>20</ns0:Value> </ns0:ClassificationAttributeInfo> <ns0:ClassificationAttributeInfo> <ns0:Name>Projects</ns0:Name> <ns0:Value></ns0:Value> </ns0:ClassificationAttributeInfo> </ns0:AttributeList> </ns0:ClassificationInfo> <ns0:ImageList> <ns0:ImageInfoSubmit> <ns0:PlacementName>ITEMIMAGEURL1</ns0:PlacementName> <ns0:FilenameOrUrl>1872.jpg</ns0:FilenameOrUrl> </ns0:ImageInfoSubmit> </ns0:ImageList> </ns0:InventoryItemSubmit> </ns0:itemList> </ns0:accountID> </ns0:SynchInventoryItemList> </ns1:Body> </SOAP-ENV:Envelope> See how it creates the accountID node twice and wraps the whole thing in it? WHY? How do I make it stop that?!

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  • [Django] How to find out whether a model's column is a foreign key?

    - by codethief
    I'm dynamically storing information in the database depending on the request: // table, id and column are provided by the request table_obj = getattr(models, table) record = table_obj.objects.get(pk=id) setattr(record, column, request.POST['value']) The problem is that request.POST['value'] sometimes contains a foreign record's primary key (i.e. an integer) whereas Django expects the column's value to be an object of type ForeignModel: Cannot assign "u'122'": "ModelA.b" must be a "ModelB" instance. Now, is there an elegant way to dynamically check whether b is a column containing foreign keys and what model these keys are linked to? (So that I can load the foreign record by it's primary key and assign it to ModelA?) Or doesn't Django provide information like this to the programmer so I really have to get my hands dirty and use isinstance() on the foreign-key column?

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  • Ternary operator

    - by Antoine Leclair
    In PHP, I often use the ternary operator to add an attribute to an html element if it applies to the element in question. For example: <select name="blah"> <option value="1"<?= $blah == 1 ? ' selected="selected"' : '' ?>> One </option> <option value="2"<?= $blah == 2 ? ' selected="selected"' : '' ?>> Two </option> </select> I'm starting a project with Pylons using Mako for the templating. How can I achieve something similar? Right now, I see two possibilities that are not ideal. Solution 1: <select name="blah"> % if blah == 1: <option value="1" selected="selected">One</option> % else: <option value="1">One</option> % endif % if blah == 2: <option value="2" selected="selected">Two</option> % else: <option value="2">Two</option> % endif </select> Solution 2: <select name="blah"> <option value="1" % if blah == 1: selected="selected" % endif >One</option> <option value="2" % if blah == 2: selected="selected" % endif >Two</option> </select> In this particular case, the value is equal to the variable tested (value="1" = blah == 1), but I use the same pattern in other situations, like <?= isset($variable) ? ' value="$variable" : '' ?>. I am looking for a clean way to achieve this using Mako.

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  • Infinite loop when adding a row to a list in a class in python3

    - by Margaret
    I have a script which contains two classes. (I'm obviously deleting a lot of stuff that I don't believe is relevant to the error I'm dealing with.) The eventual task is to create a decision tree, as I mentioned in this question. Unfortunately, I'm getting an infinite loop, and I'm having difficulty identifying why. I've identified the line of code that's going haywire, but I would have thought the iterator and the list I'm adding to would be different objects. Is there some side effect of list's .append functionality that I'm not aware of? Or am I making some other blindingly obvious mistake? class Dataset: individuals = [] #Becomes a list of dictionaries, in which each dictionary is a row from the CSV with the headers as keys def field_set(self): #Returns a list of the fields in individuals[] that can be used to split the data (i.e. have more than one value amongst the individuals def classified(self, predicted_value): #Returns True if all the individuals have the same value for predicted_value def fields_exhausted(self, predicted_value): #Returns True if all the individuals are identical except for predicted_value def lowest_entropy_value(self, predicted_value): #Returns the field that will reduce <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy_%28information_theory%29">entropy</a> the most def __init__(self, individuals=[]): and class Node: ds = Dataset() #The data that is associated with this Node links = [] #List of Nodes, the offspring Nodes of this node level = 0 #Tree depth of this Node split_value = '' #Field used to split out this Node from the parent node node_value = '' #Value used to split out this Node from the parent Node def split_dataset(self, split_value): fields = [] #List of options for split_value amongst the individuals datasets = {} #Dictionary of Datasets, each one with a value from fields[] as its key for field in self.ds.field_set()[split_value]: #Populates the keys of fields[] fields.append(field) datasets[field] = Dataset() for i in self.ds.individuals: #Adds individuals to the datasets.dataset that matches their result for split_value datasets[i[split_value]].individuals.append(i) #<---Causes an infinite loop on the second hit for field in fields: #Creates subnodes from each of the datasets.Dataset options self.add_subnode(datasets[field],split_value,field) def add_subnode(self, dataset, split_value='', node_value=''): def __init__(self, level, dataset=Dataset()): My initialisation code is currently: if __name__ == '__main__': filename = (sys.argv[1]) #Takes in a CSV file predicted_value = "# class" #Identifies the field from the CSV file that should be predicted base_dataset = parse_csv(filename) #Turns the CSV file into a list of lists parsed_dataset = individual_list(base_dataset) #Turns the list of lists into a list of dictionaries root = Node(0, Dataset(parsed_dataset)) #Creates a root node, passing it the full dataset root.split_dataset(root.ds.lowest_entropy_value(predicted_value)) #Performs the first split, creating multiple subnodes n = root.links[0] n.split_dataset(n.ds.lowest_entropy_value(predicted_value)) #Attempts to split the first subnode.

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