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  • Design Philosophy Question - When to create new functions

    - by Eclyps19
    This is a general design question not relating to any language. I'm a bit torn between going for minimum code or optimum organization. I'll use my current project as an example. I have a bunch of tabs on a form that perform different functions. Lets say Tab 1 reads in a file with a specific layout, tab 2 exports a file to a specific location, etc. The problem I'm running into now is that I need these tabs to do something slightly different based on the contents of a variable. If it contains a 1 I may need to use Layout A and perform some extra concatenation, if it contains a 2 I may need to use Layout B and do no concatenation but add two integer fields, etc. There could be 10+ codes that I will be looking at. Is it more preferable to create an individual path for each code early on, or attempt to create a single path that branches out only when absolutely required. Creating an individual path for each code would allow my code to be extremely easy to follow at a glance, which in turn will help me out later on down the road when debugging or making changes. The downside to this is that I will increase the amount of code written by calling some of the same functions in multiple places (for example, steps 3, 5, and 9 for every single code may be exactly the same. Creating a single path that would branch out only when required will be a bit messier and more difficult to follow at a glance, but I would create less code by placing conditionals only at steps that are unique. I realize that this may be a case-by-case decision, but in general, if you were handed a previously built program to work on, which would you prefer?

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  • camera picturecallback intent not work

    - by Simon
    After I take the photo, the program automatically goes back like onBackPressed(). When I remove the putExtra, the intent runs. When I put startActivity() after takePicture(), it transfers null data.... I just want to put the image data to another activity to have other use. How can it be achieved? private PictureCallback picture = new PictureCallback(){ @Override public void onPictureTaken(byte[] data, Camera camera) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub Intent intent = new Intent(CameraFilming.this, PhotoPreview.class); intent.putExtra("imageByte", data); //Picture data transfer to next activity startActivity(intent); } }; //take photo by pressing button private class captureBtnListener implements View.OnClickListener{ @Override public void onClick(View v){ capture.setOnClickListener(null); CountDownTimer timer = new CountDownTimer(10000, 1000){ @Override public void onTick(long millisUntilFinished) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub countdown.setText(millisUntilFinished/1000+""); } @Override public void onFinish() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub countdown.setText("0"); camera.takePicture(null, null, picture); } }; timer.start(); } } public class PhotoPreview extends Activity{ private RelativeLayout layout; private ImageView overlay, texture, face1, face2; @Override public void onCreate (Bundle savedInstanceState){ super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.photo_preview); layout = (RelativeLayout)findViewById(R.id.preview_layout); byte[] data = getIntent().getByteArrayExtra("imageByte"); if (data == null){ Log.d("PhotoPreview", "no image data"); finish(); } Bitmap rawPhotoBitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(data, 0, data.length); ImageProcess imgProcess = new ImageProcess(this); Bitmap resizedFace = imgProcess.scaleAccordingWidth(imgProcess.cropImage(rawPhotoBitmap, 840, 125, 440, 560), 77); face1 = new ImageView(this); face1.setImageBitmap(resizedFace); Log.d("testing", "testing"); } }

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  • Dice Emulation - ImageView

    - by Michelle Harris
    I am trying to emulate dice using ImageView. When I click the button, nothing seems to happen. I have hard coded this example to replace the image with imageView4 for debugging purposes (I was making sure the random wasn't fail). Can anyone point out what I am doing wrong? I am new to Java, Eclipse and Android so I'm sure I've probably made more than one mistake. Java: import java.util.Random; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.View; import android.widget.ArrayAdapter; import android.widget.ImageView; import android.widget.Spinner; import android.widget.Toast; public class Yahtzee4Activity extends Activity { /** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); Spinner s = (Spinner) findViewById(R.id.spinner); ArrayAdapter adapter = ArrayAdapter.createFromResource( this, R.array.score_types, android.R.layout.simple_spinner_dropdown_item); adapter.setDropDownViewResource(android.R.layout.simple_spinner_dropdown_item); s.setAdapter(adapter); } public void onMyButtonClick(View view) { ImageView imageView1 = new ImageView(this); Random rand = new Random(); int rndInt = 4; //rand.nextInt(6) + 1; // n = the number of images, that start at index 1 String imgName = "die" + rndInt; int id = getResources().getIdentifier(imgName, "drawable", getPackageName()); imageView1.setImageResource(id); } } XML for the button: <Button android:id="@+id/button_roll" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/roll" android:onClick="onMyButtonClick" />

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  • Creating transparent gridlines

    - by Rob Penridge
    I'm trying to get the chart's gridlines to be transparent but it doesn't seem to be supported: http://support.sas.com/documentation/cdl/en/grstatug/63302/HTML/default/viewer.htm#n1f71f6e9v037an1jy274v66z4r1.htm I'm doing to try and blend the gridlines with the chart background color (which in my code can change between colors) which would make the gridlines subtle rather than jarring when background colors change. Here is my code: ** ** TAKE THE DEFAULT STYLE BEING USED. MODIFY IT SO THAT ** GRAPH GRIDLINES WILL BE GREEN AND MOSTLY TRANSPARENT *; proc template; define style my_style; parent = styles.default; style GraphGridLines from GraphGridLines / contrastcolor=green transparency=.05; end; run; ** ** LAYOUT TEMPLATE FOR A SIMPLE SERIES CHART *; proc template; define statgraph mychart; begingraph; layout overlay / wallcolor=black xaxisopts=(display=(line) griddisplay=on) yaxisopts=(display=(line)) ; seriesplot x=name y=height / lineattrs=(color=white); endlayout; endgraph; end; run; ** ** PLOT SAMPLE DATA USING CUSTOM STYLE AND CHART LAYOUT WE JUST DEFINED *; ods graphics / width=640 height=640 ; ods html style=my_style; proc sgrender data=sashelp.class template=mychart; run; ods html close; Is there another way to achieve this effect by blending the green color with the background color?

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  • Button text loses allignment after clicking

    - by breathe0
    Strange things happen. I have a 4x4 button table layout, which is the following: <TableLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:layout_below="@+id/cerca"> <TableRow android:layout_width = "fill_parent" android:layout_height = "wrap_content"> <Button android:id = "@+id/btn1" android:layout_width = "wrap_content" android:layout_height = "wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:text = "Scarica POI da server" android:onClick="downloadFromServer" /> <Button android:id = "@+id/btn2" android:layout_width = "wrap_content" android:layout_height = "wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:text = "Aggiungi POI" android:onClick="goCreatePOI" /> </TableRow> <TableRow android:layout_width = "fill_parent" android:layout_height = "wrap_content"> <Button android:id = "@+id/btn3" android:layout_width = "wrap_content" android:layout_height = "wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:text = "Rimuovi i POI del server" android:onClick="removeServerPOI" /> <Button android:id = "@+id/btn4" android:layout_width = "wrap_content" android:layout_height = "wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:text = "Rimuovi i POI personali" android:onClick="removePersonalPOI" /> </TableRow> </TableLayout> This table layout is nested inside a relative layout, which is nested in a scrollview. Now, whenever i click on one of them, everytime the text inside the button change allignment: if before clicking was centered and displayed on two lines, after the click it loses its alignment and is displayed only in one row (cutting off some part of the text). Am I doing something wrong, or maybe it's a bug?

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  • Do not get the rootLayoutContainer in a Fragment (Android 3.0 Preview)

    - by Hawk66
    Hello, I'm currently getting into the fragment API of the Android 3.0 Preview and have built the following minimal coding: I have an Activty, which shall embed Fragment(s), which is currently implemented like this: public class Cockpit extends Activity { /** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.cockpit); } public static class InfoFragment extends Fragment { @Override public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) { // Inflate the layout for this fragment ViewGroup infoFragmentRoot = (ViewGroup) getActivity().findViewById( R.id.infoFragmentRoot) ; return inflater.inflate(R.id.infoFragment, container, false); } } } The corresponding layout of the activity: <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" > <fragment android:name="test.android.ui.cockpit.Cockpit$InfoFragment" android:id="@+id/infoFragment" android:layout_weight="1" android:layout_width="10dp" android:layout_height="match_parent" > <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:padding="12dp" android:id="@+id/infoFragmentRoot" > <TextView android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/hello" /> </LinearLayout> </fragment> Now, I do not understand why the ViewGroup container in the onCreateView() in the internal class InfoFragment is a nullpointer, nor do I understand, why ViewGroup infoFragmentRoot = (ViewGroup) getActivity().findViewById( R.id.infoFragmentRoot) ; returns also null. Thanks for feedback.

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  • How to putExtra() in Searchable Dictionary Example

    - by sirlunchalot
    Hi, based on the Searchable Dictionary sample I tried to put extra data to a different activity. public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); Spinner distance = (Spinner) findViewById(R.id.distanceSpinner); ArrayAdapter<CharSequence> adapterDistance = ArrayAdapter.createFromResource( this, R.array.distance, android.R.layout.simple_spinner_item); adapterDistance.setDropDownViewResource(android.R.layout.simple_spinner_dropdown_item); distance.setAdapter(adapterDistance); Intent intent = getIntent(); if (Intent.ACTION_VIEW.equals(intent.getAction())) { // handles a click on a search suggestion; launches activity to show word mapIntent = new Intent(this, Map.class); mapIntent.setData(intent.getData()); mapIntent.putExtra("Distance", distance.getSelectedItemPosition()); startActivity(mapIntent); finish(); } } In my Map Class Distance is always zero because distance.getSelectedItemPostion() gets the initialized value. How can I putExtra data with a click on a search suggestion? Thanks

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  • android widget unresponsive

    - by John
    I have a widget that you press and it then it will update the text on the widget. I have set an on click listener to launch another activity to perform the text update, But for some reason it only works temporarily and then it will become unresponsive and not do anything when pressed. Does anyone know why it might be doing that? i have posted my widget code below in case it is helpful. @Override public void onUpdate(Context context, AppWidgetManager appWidgetManager,int[] appWidgetIds) { thisWidget = new ComponentName(context, MemWidget.class); Intent intent = new Intent(context, updatewidget.class); PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(context, 0, intent, 0); // Get the layout for the App Widget and attach an on-click listener to the button RemoteViews views = new RemoteViews(context.getPackageName(), R.layout.widget); views.setOnClickPendingIntent(R.id.ImageButton01, pendingIntent); // Tell the AppWidgetManager to perform an update on the current App Widget appWidgetManager.updateAppWidget(thisWidget, views); } @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { appWidgetManager = AppWidgetManager.getInstance(context); remoteViews = new RemoteViews(context.getPackageName(), R.layout.widget); thisWidget = new ComponentName(context, MemWidget.class); // v1.5 fix that doesn't call onDelete Action final String action = intent.getAction(); if (AppWidgetManager.ACTION_APPWIDGET_DELETED.equals(action)) { final int appWidgetId = intent.getExtras().getInt( AppWidgetManager.EXTRA_APPWIDGET_ID, AppWidgetManager.INVALID_APPWIDGET_ID); if (appWidgetId != AppWidgetManager.INVALID_APPWIDGET_ID) { this.onDeleted(context, new int[] { appWidgetId }); } } else { super.onReceive(context, intent); } }

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  • Android App crashing on Back Button (performResumeActivity)

    - by Rutger
    My App consists of 2 Activities at the moment. . the MAIN activity with a Gallery View . a FriendsListActivity with a ListView When the user moves away from the FriendsListActivity with the back button, and returns to the MAIN activity the following error keeps popping up in debug mode. DalvikVM[localhost:8676] Thread [<1 main] (Suspended (exception RuntimeException)) ActivityThread.performResumeActivity(IBinder, boolean) line: 2095 ActivityThread.handleResumeActivity(IBinder, boolean, boolean) line: 2110 BinderProxy(ActivityThread$H).handleMessage(Message) line: 954 ActivityThread$H(Handler).dispatchMessage(Message) line: 99 Looper.loop() line: 123 ActivityThread.main(String[]) line: 3647 Method.invokeNative(Object, Object[], Class, Class[], Class, int, boolean) line: not available [native method] Method.invoke(Object, Object...) line: 507 ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run() line: 839 ZygoteInit.main(String[]) line: 597 NativeStart.main(String[]) line: not available [native method] Thread [<8 Binder Thread #2] (Running) Thread [<7 Binder Thread #1] (Running) With the LogCat 03-13 22:01:10.972: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1038): FATAL EXCEPTION: main 03-13 22:01:10.972: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1038): java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to resume activity {com.package.MAIN/com.package.MAIN.MAIN}: java.lang.NullPointerException 03-13 22:01:10.972: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1038): at android.app.ActivityThread.performResumeActivity(ActivityThread.java:2095) 03-13 22:01:10.972: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1038): at android.app.ActivityThread.handleResumeActivity(ActivityThread.java:2110) 03-13 22:01:10.972: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1038): at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:954) 03-13 22:01:10.972: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1038): at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99) 03-13 22:01:10.972: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1038): at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:123) 03-13 22:01:10.972: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1038): at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:3647) 03-13 22:01:10.972: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1038): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method) 03-13 22:01:10.972: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1038): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:507) 03-13 22:01:10.972: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1038): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:839) 03-13 22:01:10.972: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1038): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:597) 03-13 22:01:10.972: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1038): at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method) 03-13 22:01:10.972: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1038): Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException 03-13 22:01:10.972: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1038): at com.package.MAIN.MAIN.onResume(MAIN.java:91) 03-13 22:01:10.972: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1038): at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnResume(Instrumentation.java:1149) 03-13 22:01:10.972: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1038): at android.app.Activity.performResume(Activity.java:3833) 03-13 22:01:10.972: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1038): at android.app.ActivityThread.performResumeActivity(ActivityThread.java:2085) 03-13 22:01:10.972: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1038): ... 10 more Further info in the Variables panel states: this: ActivityThread e: NullPointerException cause: NullPointerException detailMessage: null stackTrace: null r: ActivityThread$ActivityClientRecord activity: MAIN detailMessage after one Eclipse Resume: Unable to resume activity (MAIN) The code from the FriendsListActivity looks like this public class FriendsListActivity extends ListActivity { // =========================================================== // Fields // =========================================================== private ArrayList<Friend> friends = new ArrayList<Friend>(); private FriendsArrayAdapter friendsArrayAdapter; private ListView listView; // =========================================================== // onCreate // =========================================================== @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE); setContentView(R.layout.friends_list); registerForContextMenu(getListView()); setButtonNewFriendClickListener(); } public void generateFriendsList() { FriendsService fs = new FriendsService(this); friends = fs.getFriendsList(); listView = (ListView) findViewById(android.R.id.list); friendsArrayAdapter = new FriendsArrayAdapter( this, R.layout.friend_list_item, friends); listView.setAdapter(friendsArrayAdapter); } @Override public void onCreateContextMenu(ContextMenu menu, View v, ContextMenuInfo menuInfo) { super.onCreateContextMenu(menu, v, menuInfo); MenuInflater inflater = getMenuInflater(); inflater.inflate(R.menu.friends_context_menu, menu); } @Override public boolean onContextItemSelected(MenuItem item) { AdapterContextMenuInfo info = (AdapterContextMenuInfo) item.getMenuInfo(); FriendsService fs = new FriendsService(this); Friend f = new Friend(); f = friends.get(info.position); switch (item.getItemId()) { case R.id.edit: Intent i = new Intent(this, FriendEditActivity.class); i.putExtra("userid", f.userId); startActivity(i); return true; case R.id.delete: fs.deleteFriend(f.userId); generateFriendsList(); return true; default: return super.onContextItemSelected(item); } } // =========================================================== // onPause // =========================================================== protected void onPause() { super.onPause(); finish(); } // =========================================================== // onResume // =========================================================== protected void onResume() { super.onResume(); generateFriendsList(); } // =========================================================== // onStop // =========================================================== protected void onStop() { super.onStop(); } // =========================================================== // onDestroy // =========================================================== @Override protected void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); } // =========================================================== // Activity methods // =========================================================== private void setButtonNewFriendClickListener() { Button clickButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button_add_friend); clickButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v) { Intent i = new Intent(v.getContext(), FriendNewActivity.class); startActivity(i); } }); } The AndroidManifest looks like this <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0" package="com.package.mypackage"> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" /> <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name"> <activity android:name="com.package.mypackage.mypackage" android:label="@string/app_name"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> <activity android:name=".FriendsListActivity"></activity> <activity android:name=".FriendEditActivity"></activity> <activity android:name=".FriendNewActivity"></activity> <activity android:name=".TakePictureActivity"></activity> <activity android:name=".FriendsService"></activity> <activity android:name=".MyService"></activity> </application> <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="9" /> The MAIN activity looks like this: package com.package.mypackage; import java.util.ArrayList; import com.package.domain.Domain; import com.package.service.MyService; import com.package.viewadapter.myImageAdapter; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.View; import android.view.Window; import android.widget.AdapterView; import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemClickListener; import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemLongClickListener; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.Gallery; import android.widget.Toast; public class myActivity extends Activity { // =========================================================== // Fields // =========================================================== private MyImageAdapter myImageAdapter; private ArrayList<Domain> domain = new ArrayList<Domain>(); // =========================================================== // onCreate // =========================================================== @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE); setContentView(R.layout.main); /* Set Buttons to listen for any click event. */ setButtonFriendsClickListener(); setButtonCameraClickListener(); setButtonPreferencesClickListener(); } // =========================================================== // onStart // =========================================================== @Override public void onStart() { super.onStart(); /* Find the gallery defined in the main.xml */ Gallery g = (Gallery) findViewById(R.id.gallery); /* Show a Toast message when image is clicked */ g.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() { @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View v, int position, long id) { MyImageAdapter image_ID = new MyImageAdapter(myActivity.this, position, null); if (image_ID.getItemId(position) == 0) { Toast test_toast = Toast.makeText(myActivity.this, "This is the New Image click", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT); test_toast.show(); } else { Toast test_toast = Toast.makeText(myActivity.this, "The clicked image has image number " + image_ID.getItemId(position) + " in the imageadapter.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT); test_toast.show(); } } }); g.setOnItemLongClickListener(new OnItemLongClickListener() { @Override public boolean onItemLongClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View v, int position, long id) { MyImageAdapter image_ID = new MyImageAdapter(myActivity.this, position, null); Toast test_toast = Toast.makeText(myActivity.this, "The long clicked image has image number " + image_ID.getItemId(position) + " in the imageadapter.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT); test_toast.show(); return true; } }); } // =========================================================== // onPause // =========================================================== protected void onPause() { super.onPause(); } // =========================================================== // onResume // =========================================================== protected void onResume() { super.onResume(); generateMyGallery(); } // =========================================================== // onStop // =========================================================== protected void onStop() { super.onStop(); } // =========================================================== // onDestroy // Is also called when user changes from horizontal // to vertical orientation and back // =========================================================== @Override protected void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); } // =========================================================== // Save and Restore UI states // =========================================================== @Override protected void onRestoreInstanceState(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onRestoreInstanceState(savedInstanceState); } protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) { super.onSaveInstanceState(outState); } // =========================================================== // Main Activity methods // =========================================================== public void generateMyGallery() { MyService cs = new MyService(this); domain = cs.getDomainList(); // Add the new_image drawable to the ArrayList Domain d = new Domain(); d.photoLocation = "drawable"; d.photoName = "new_image"; d.extra1 = "no_text"; d.extra2 = "no_text"; domain.add(0, d); myImageAdapter = new MyImageAdapter(this, R.layout.text_overlay_image_view, domain); /* Find the gallery defined in the main.xml */ Gallery g = (Gallery) findViewById(R.id.gallery); g.setSpacing(10); /* Apply a new (custom) ImageAdapter to it. */ g.setAdapter(myImageAdapter); g.setSelection(1); } private void setButtonFriendsClickListener() { Button clickButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button_friends_list); clickButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v) { setContentView(R.layout.friends_list); Intent myIntent = new Intent(v.getContext(), FriendsListActivity.class); startActivity(myIntent); } }); } private void setButtonCameraClickListener() { Button clickButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button_take_picture); clickButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v) { setContentView(R.layout.take_picture); Intent myIntent = new Intent(v.getContext(), TakePictureActivity.class); startActivity(myIntent); } }); } private void setButtonPreferencesClickListener() { Button clickButton = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button_preferences); clickButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v) { Intent myIntent = new Intent(v.getContext(), MyPreferencesActivity.class); startActivity(myIntent); } }); } }; Anyone has an idea why the App crashes. Any help is much appreciated. I did find out that, when I finish() the MAIN activity when I start the FriendListActivity and restart the MAIN activity when closing the FriendListActivity, that the crash does not occur. However, this basically restarts the App and that is not the intention. Thanks all, I got the problem solved. This is what I did. . When moving all gallery related actions to the onCreate, the creash didn't happen anymore. But then after returning to the MAIN activity, the activity wasn't shown. . I then moved all the onCreate (except the super), the generateGallery, and the onStart() to the onResume. Now it works fine!

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  • Spinner original text

    - by user1696863
    I'm trying my Spinner to display "Select City" before the Spinner has itself been clicked by the user. How can I do this? My current XML code is: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:custom="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.olacabs.customer" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:background="@drawable/page_background" android:orientation="vertical" > <TextView android:id="@+id/textView1" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:background="@android:color/darker_gray" android:gravity="center" android:paddingBottom="4dp" android:paddingTop="4dp" android:text="@string/rate_card" android:textColor="@color/white" android:textSize="20dp" custom:customFont="litera_bold.ttf" /> <Spinner android:id="@+id/select_city" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_marginTop="40dp" android:prompt="@string/selectCity" /> </LinearLayout> Also, what does android:spinnerMode exactly do. I tried changing its value to dropdown but nothing happened and the application still showed a popup dialogue. My activity that implements this XML file is: public class RateCardActivity extends OlaActivity { public void onCreate(Bundle bundle) { super.onCreate(bundle); setContentView(R.layout.rate_card); Spinner spinner = (Spinner) findViewById(R.id.select_city); ArrayAdapter<CharSequence> adapter = ArrayAdapter.createFromResource(this, R.array.select_city, android.R.layout.simple_spinner_item); adapter.setDropDownViewResource(android.R.layout.simple_spinner_dropdown_item); spinner.setAdapter(adapter); } }

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  • PyGTK: Manually render an existing widget at a given Rectangle? (TextView in a custom CellRenderer)

    - by NicDumZ
    Hello! I am trying to draw a TextView into the cell of a TreeView. (Why? I would like to have custom tags on text, so they can be clickable and trigger different actions/popup menus depending on where user clicks). I have been trying to write a customized CellRenderer for this purpose, but so far I failed because I find it extremely difficult to find generic documentation on rendering design in gtk. More than an answer at the specific question (that might be hard/not doable, and I'm not expecting you to do everything for me), I am first looking for documentation on how a widget is rendered, to understand how one is supposed to implement a CellRenderer. Can you share any link that explains, either for gtk or for pygtk, the rendering mechanism? More specifically: size allocation mechanism (should I say protocol?). I understand that a window has a defined size, and then queries its children, saying "my size is w x h, what would be your ideal size, buddy?", and then sometimes shrinks children when all children cant fit together at their ideal sizes. Any specific documentation on that, and on particular on when this happens during rendering? How are rendered "builtin" widgets? What kind of methods do they call on Widget base class? On the parent Window? When? Do they use pango.Layout? can you manually draw a TextView onto a pango.Layout object? This link gives an interesting example showing how you can draw content in a pango.Layout object and use it in a CellRenderer. I guess that I could adapt it if only I understood how TextView widget are rendered. Or perhaps, to put it more simply: given an existing widget instance, how does one render it at a specific gdk.Rectangle? Thanks a lot.

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  • I cannot make log4net work in my web application :(

    - by vtortola
    Hi, I'm trying to set up log4net but I cannot make it work. I've put this in my Web.config: <configSections> <section name="log4net" type="log4net.Config.Log4NetConfigurationSectionHandler, log4net" /> <appender name="RollingFileAppender" type="log4net.Appender.RollingFileAppender"> <file value="logfile.log" /> <appendToFile value="true" /> <rollingStyle value="Composite" /> <maxSizeRollBackups value="14" /> <maximumFileSize value="15000KB" /> <datePattern value="yyyyMMdd" /> <layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout"> <conversionPattern value="%date [%thread] %-5level %logger [%property{NDC}] - %message%newline" /> </layout> </appender> <root> <level value="DEBUG" /> <appender-ref ref="RollingFileAppender" /> <appender-ref ref="TraceAppender" /> </root> (StackOverflow is not rendering correctly the code I've pasted, I don't know why) Then, in my code I execute: log4net.Config.XmlConfigurator.Configure(new FileInfo(HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath("~/Web.config"))); ILog log = LogManager.GetLogger("MainLogger"); if(log.IsDebugEnabled) log.Debug("lalala"); But nothing happen. I check the "log" variable, and contains an LogImpl object, that has all the logging levels enabled. I get no error or configuration warning, I cannot see any file in the root, in the bin or anywhere. What do I have to do to make it work? Cheers.

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  • passing data from an activity to an listactivity or listview

    - by wicked14
    need help on passing data from an activity to an listactivity or listview for an android app. im having problems on passing data to a listview. what the app do is from addact class the user can input things to do and in the viewact class this will display the activies add by the user in listview public class addact extends Activity { @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.newact); Button btn1 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btnsave); final EditText et1 = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.etactivity); btn1.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View arg0) { Intent it = new Intent(addact.this, viewact.class); it.putExtra("thekey", et1.getText().toString()); startActivity(it); } }); } } public class viewact extends ListActivity { String addToDo =getIntent().getExtras().getString("thekey"); String[] toDoAct = new String[] {addToDo }; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.viewact); setListAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, R.layout.viewact,toDoAct)); ListView listView = getListView(); listView.setTextFilterEnabled(true); listView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() { public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) { for (int i=0; i < 2; i++) { Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), ((TextView) view).getText(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } } }); } }

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  • convert a textview, including those contents off the screen, to bitmap

    - by user623318
    Hi, I want to save(export) contents of MyView, which extends TextView, into a bitmap. I followed the code: [this][1]. It works fine when the size of the text is small. But when there are lots of texts, and some of the content is out of the screen, what I got is only what showed in the screen. Then I add a "layout" in my code: private class MyView extends TextView{ public MyView(Context context) { super(context); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } public Bitmap export(){ Layout l = getLayout(); int width = l.getWidth() + getPaddingLeft() + getPaddingRight(); int height = l.getHeight() + getPaddingTop() + getPaddingBottom(); Bitmap viewBitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(width, height, Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888); Canvas canvas = new Canvas(viewBitmap); setCursorVisible(false); layout(0, 0, width, height); draw(canvas); setCursorVisible(true); return viewBitmap; } } Now the strange thing happened: The first time I invoke "export"(I use an option key to do that), I got contents only on the screen. When I invoke "export" again, I got complete contents, including those out of the screen. Why? How to "export" a view, including contents cannot be showed on the screen? Thank you! [1]: http://www.techjini.com/blog/2010/02/10/quicktip-how-to-convert-a-view-to-an-image-android/ this

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  • What does the Kernel Virtual Memory of each process contain?

    - by claws
    When say 3 programs (executables) are loaded into memory the layout might look something like this: I've following questions: Is the concept of Virtual Memory limited to user processes? Because, I am wondering where does the Operating System Kernel, Drivers live? How is its memory layout? I know its operating system specific make your choice (windows/linux). They say, on a 32 bit machine in a 4GB address space. Half of it (or more recently 1GB) is occupied by kernel. I can see in this diagram that "Kernel Virtual memory" is occupying 0xc0000000 - 0xffffffff (= 1 GB). Are they talking about this? or is it something else? Just want to confirm. What exactly does the Kernel Virtual Memory of each of these processes contain? What is its layout? When we do IPC we talk about shared memory. I don't see any memory shared between these processes. Where does it live? Resources (files, registries in windows) are global to all processes. So, the resource/file handle table must be in some global space. Which area would that be in? Where can I know more about this kernel side stuff.

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  • Fill listview from fragment

    - by Bohsen
    I have a layout file containing a listview that I would like to fill with the help of a Fragment. But it continues to give me errors. The layout file: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" > <ListView android:id="@+id/list" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_alignParentTop="true" > </ListView> <TableLayout android:id="@+id/details" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_alignParentBottom="true" android:stretchColumns="1" > <Button android:id="@+id/create_patient_button" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="@string/create_patient_button" /> </TableLayout> </RelativeLayout> My fragmentActivity: public class BasicFragmentActivity extends FragmentActivity { @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.create_patient_view); FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager(); Fragment fragment = fm.findFragmentById(R.id.list); if (fragment == null) { FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction(); ft.add(R.id.list, new BasicFragment()); ft.commit(); // Make sure you call commit or your Fragment will not be added. // This is very common mistake when working with Fragments! } } } My ListFragment: public class BasicFragment extends ListFragment { private PatientAdapter pAdapter; @Override public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedState) { super.onActivityCreated(savedState); pAdapter = new PatientAdapter(getActivity(), GFRApplication.dPatients); setListAdapter(pAdapter); } } The error: java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException: addView(View) is not supported in AdapterView

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  • multiple screen support

    - by pedr0
    Hi at all, I have some problem with multiple screen support, I work with dp(dpi) for specify the layout_heigth and layout_width and I hope that is the better way to support multiple screen, but when I tried with two smartphone I meet two different result. I give an example, this is a layout I use: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:id="@+id/cities_main_layout" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent"> <ListView android:id="@+id/citieslist" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="320dip" android:layout_gravity="center_vertical" android:layout_below="@id/cities_main_layout" /> <LinearLayout android:id="@+id/cities_button_layout" android:orientation="horizontal" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_below="@id/citieslist" android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"> <Button android:id="@+id/bycountry" android:layout_height="50dip" android:layout_width="105dip" android:background="@drawable/buttonmarket" android:text="@string/button_bycountry" /> <Button android:id="@+id/top10" android:layout_height="50dip" android:layout_width="105dip" android:background="@drawable/buttonmarket" android:text="@string/button_top10" /> <Button android:id="@+id/recommended" android:layout_height="50dip" android:layout_width="105dip" android:background="@drawable/buttonmarket" android:text="@string/button_recommended" /> </LinearLayout> </RelativeLayout> The button are at the bottom of the layout, and I see two different result: In the last smartphone I can see the buttons, instead in the first I cannot...what's wrong? I have to write a layout for any set of screen??!!!

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  • Send string from java (or other platform) to application

    - by MrSnowflake
    I want to send a barcode, read with my cellphone, to my computer. My computer has a simple server running, which listens to barcodes. When a barcode arrives, the server app should be able to input the value of the received barcode into the active application (I don't really care which application is going to get the input, the user should be able to select gedit, a terminal window or the browser if they choose to). My language at the moment is Java on GNU/Linux (Ubuntu), so I know about the Robot class. But the Robot class emulates a keyboard, which means: when you send VK_1 on a US keyboard layout, the output is '1' indeed, but when you send VK_1 on another layout (like belgian, which I use), which requires shift for the '1' key, the output is '&' (this is the character on the '1' key, when you don't hold shift). I also found xsendkeys, but this application too requires you to specify whether you need to hold shift. So it will be able to send an 'a' but for an 'A' (thus capital) you need to specify you want to hold shift with your 'a'. Isn't there an easy way to do this, for GNU/Linux and Windows, just using strings. I want to be able to send "12a68dd" to the active application. And I also would like to be able to send UTF-8 characters to the active application. I have been looking for a solution, but most require the breakdown in multiple keystrokes, which are often dependent on the keyboard layout.

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  • Interpreting item click in ListView

    - by Matt Huggins
    I'm working on my first Android project, and I created a menu via the XML method. My activity is pretty basic, in that it loads the main layout (containing a ListView with my String array of options). Here's the code inside my Activity: public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); // allow stuff to happen when a list item is clicked ListView ls = (ListView)findViewById(R.id.menu); ls.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() { @Override public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) { // @todo } }); } Within the onItemClick callback handler, I'd like to check which item was clicked, and load a new menu based upon that. Question 1: How do I go about figuring out which item was clicked? I can't find any straightforward examples on retrieving/testing the id value of the clicked item. Question 2: Once I have the id value, I assume I can just call the setContentView method again to change to another layout containing my new menu. Is that correct?

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  • query regarding fixing the page size

    - by sukhada
    -- <f:subview id="header"> <tiles:insert definition="page.header" flush="false"/> </f:subview> <!-- </h:panelGroup>--> <h:panelGroup id="topMenu" > <tiles:insert definition="page.topMenu" flush="false"/> </h:panelGroup> <h:panelGroup id="pageContext"> <f:subview id="body"> <tiles:insert attribute="body" flush="false"/> </f:subview> </h:panelGroup> <f:facet name="footer"> <f:subview id="footer"> <tiles:insert definition="page.footer" flush="false"/> </f:subview> </f:facet> </h:panelGrid> this is structure or layout of page in tiles but m loading another page the it disturbing the layout the layout so how can i fix the page size?

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  • how to retrieve data from db and display it in list?

    - by raji
    In the below code I am passing catID to db.getNews(catID) super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.newslist); Bundle extras = getIntent().getExtras(); int catID = extras.getInt("cat_id"); mInflater = (LayoutInflater)getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE); final ListView lv = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.category); lv.setAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(this, R.layout.newslist, db.getNews(catID)){ public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) { View row; if (null == convertView) { row = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.newslist, null); } else { row = convertView; } TextView tv = (TextView) row.findViewById(R.id.newslist_text); tv.setText(getItem(position)); return row; } }); the getnews(int catid) function is below: public NewsItemCursor getNews(int catID) { String sql = "SELECT title FROM news WHERE catid = " + catID + " ORDER BY id ASC"; SQLiteDatabase d = getReadableDatabase(); NewsItemCursor c = (NewsItemCursor) d.rawQueryWithFactory( new NewsItemCursor.Factory(), sql, null, null); c.moveToFirst(); d.close(); return c; } But I'm getting bug as array adapter undefined... Can anyone help me to resolve this, and retrieve data to make it display in list.

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  • BlackBerry Field class extension will not paint.

    - by jlindenbaum
    Using JRE 5.0.0, simulator device is an 8520. On a screen I am using a FlowFieldManager(Manager.VERTICAL_SCROLL) and adding Fields to it to show data. When I do this.flowManager = new FlowFieldManager(Manager.VERTICAL_SCROLL); Field field = new Field() { protected void paint(Graphics graphics) { graphics.drawTest("Test", 0, 0); } protected void layout(int width, int height) { this.setExtend(300, 300); // just testing } } this.flowManager.add(field); The screen renders correctly and 'Test' appears on the screen. If, on the other hand, I try and abstract this into a class called CustomField with the same properties and add it to the flow manager the render will not happen. Debugging shows that the device enters into the Object, into the layout function, but not the paint function. I can't figure out why the paint function is not called when I extend Field. The 4.5 API says that layout and paint are the only functions that I really need to extend. (getPreferredWidth and getPreferredHeight will be used to calculate screen sizes etc.) Thanks in advance.

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  • Move links div aside h1, above tagline p

    - by noquierouser
    I have a page that has CSS media queries in it, and I was requested to do this: Mobile layout: Desktop layout: Now, the HTML code is placed like this: <div id="content"> <h1>the title</h1> <p>this is the tagline of the site</p> <ul> <li>link 1</li> <li>link 2</li> <li>link 3</li> </ul> </div> I'm having quite a problem trying to achieve the desktop layout. I tried wrapping <h1> and <p> in a <div> and style it with float: left, but it didn't look as requested (the tagline is wider). I also tried with position: absolute for the <ul>, but also didn't look as requested (make the #content wider is not an option). Do you have any suggestions to achieve this without using javascript? Update: I've uploaded the code to my Koding so you can see what I'm actually doing. This is the CSS. I'm also using normalize.css. The problem I'm having now is what do the different browsers show: I think the problem might be in how do the browsers calculate the tagline's width, but as you can try with the code, if you make the tagline's text shorter, it looks more like Opera's rendering. Have I stumbled with a bug or am I making some mistake in my CSS?

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  • Setting up and using Bing Translate API Service for Machine Translation

    - by Rick Strahl
    Last week I spent quite a bit of time trying to set up the Bing Translate API service. I can honestly say this was one of the most screwed up developer experiences I've had in a long while - specifically related to the byzantine sign up process that Microsoft has in place. Not only is it nearly impossible to find decent documentation on the required signup process, some of the links in the docs are just plain wrong, and some of the account pages you need to access the actual account information once signed up are not linked anywhere from the administration UI. To make things even harder is the fact that the APIs changed a while back, with a completely new authentication scheme that's described and not directly linked documentation topic also made for a very frustrating search experience. It's a bummer that this is the case too, because the actual API itself is easy to use and works very well - fast and reasonably accurate (as accurate as you can expect machine translation to be). But the sign up process is a pain in the ass doubtlessly leaving many people giving up in frustration. In this post I'll try to hit all the points needed to set up to use the Bing Translate API in one place since such a document seems to be missing from Microsoft. Hopefully the API folks at Microsoft will get their shit together and actually provide this sort of info on their site… Signing Up The first step required is to create a Windows Azure MarketPlace account. Go to: https://datamarket.azure.com/ Sign in with your Windows Live Id If you don't have an account you will be taken to a registration page which you have to fill out. Follow the links and complete the registration. Once you're signed in you can start adding services. Click on the Data Link on the main page Select Microsoft Translator from the list This adds the Microsoft Bing Translator to your services. Pricing The page shows the pricing matrix and the free service which provides 2 megabytes for translations a month for free. Prices go up steeply from there. Pricing is determined by actual bytes of the result translations used. Max translations are 1000 characters so at minimum this means you get around 2000 translations a month for free. However most translations are probable much less so you can expect larger number of translations to go through. For testing or low volume translations this should be just fine. Once signed up there are no further instructions and you're left in limbo on the MS site. Register your Application Once you've created the Data association with Translator the next step is registering your application. To do this you need to access your developer account. Go to https://datamarket.azure.com/developer/applications/register Provide a ClientId, which is effectively the unique string identifier for your application (not your customer id!) Provide your name The client secret was auto-created and this becomes your 'password' For the redirect url provide any https url: https://microsoft.com works Give this application a description of your choice so you can identify it in the list of apps Now, once you've registered your application, keep track of the ClientId and ClientSecret - those are the two keys you need to authenticate before you can call the Translate API. Oddly the applications page is hidden from the Azure Portal UI. I couldn't find a direct link from anywhere on the site back to this page where I can examine my developer application keys. To find them you can go to: https://datamarket.azure.com/developer/applications You can come back here to look at your registered applications and pick up the ClientID and ClientSecret. Fun eh? But we're now ready to actually call the API and do some translating. Using the Bing Translate API The good news is that after this signup hell, using the API is pretty straightforward. To use the translation API you'll need to actually use two services: You need to call an authentication API service first, before you can call the actual translator API. These two APIs live on different domains, and the authentication API returns JSON data while the translator service returns XML. So much for consistency. Authentication The first step is authentication. The service uses oAuth authentication with a  bearer token that has to be passed to the translator API. The authentication call retrieves the oAuth token that you can then use with the translate API call. The bearer token has a short 10 minute life time, so while you can cache it for successive calls, the token can't be cached for long periods. This means for Web backend requests you typically will have to authenticate each time unless you build a more elaborate caching scheme that takes the timeout into account (perhaps using the ASP.NET Cache object). For low volume operations you can probably get away with simply calling the auth API for every translation you do. To call the Authentication API use code like this:/// /// Retrieves an oAuth authentication token to be used on the translate /// API request. The result string needs to be passed as a bearer token /// to the translate API. /// /// You can find client ID and Secret (or register a new one) at: /// https://datamarket.azure.com/developer/applications/ /// /// The client ID of your application /// The client secret or password /// public string GetBingAuthToken(string clientId = null, string clientSecret = null) { string authBaseUrl = https://datamarket.accesscontrol.windows.net/v2/OAuth2-13; if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(clientId) || string.IsNullOrEmpty(clientSecret)) { ErrorMessage = Resources.Resources.Client_Id_and_Client_Secret_must_be_provided; return null; } var postData = string.Format("grant_type=client_credentials&client_id={0}" + "&client_secret={1}" + "&scope=http://api.microsofttranslator.com", HttpUtility.UrlEncode(clientId), HttpUtility.UrlEncode(clientSecret)); // POST Auth data to the oauth API string res, token; try { var web = new WebClient(); web.Encoding = Encoding.UTF8; res = web.UploadString(authBaseUrl, postData); } catch (Exception ex) { ErrorMessage = ex.GetBaseException().Message; return null; } var ser = new JavaScriptSerializer(); var auth = ser.Deserialize<BingAuth>(res); if (auth == null) return null; token = auth.access_token; return token; } private class BingAuth { public string token_type { get; set; } public string access_token { get; set; } } This code basically takes the client id and secret and posts it at the oAuth endpoint which returns a JSON string. Here I use the JavaScript serializer to deserialize the JSON into a custom object I created just for deserialization. You can also use JSON.NET and dynamic deserialization if you are already using JSON.NET in your app in which case you don't need the extra type. In my library that houses this component I don't, so I just rely on the built in serializer. The auth method returns a long base64 encoded string which can be used as a bearer token in the translate API call. Translation Once you have the authentication token you can use it to pass to the translate API. The auth token is passed as an Authorization header and the value is prefixed with a 'Bearer ' prefix for the string. Here's what the simple Translate API call looks like:/// /// Uses the Bing API service to perform translation /// Bing can translate up to 1000 characters. /// /// Requires that you provide a CLientId and ClientSecret /// or set the configuration values for these two. /// /// More info on setup: /// http://www.west-wind.com/weblog/ /// /// Text to translate /// Two letter culture name /// Two letter culture name /// Pass an access token retrieved with GetBingAuthToken. /// If not passed the default keys from .config file are used if any /// public string TranslateBing(string text, string fromCulture, string toCulture, string accessToken = null) { string serviceUrl = "http://api.microsofttranslator.com/V2/Http.svc/Translate"; if (accessToken == null) { accessToken = GetBingAuthToken(); if (accessToken == null) return null; } string res; try { var web = new WebClient(); web.Headers.Add("Authorization", "Bearer " + accessToken); string ct = "text/plain"; string postData = string.Format("?text={0}&from={1}&to={2}&contentType={3}", HttpUtility.UrlEncode(text), fromCulture, toCulture, HttpUtility.UrlEncode(ct)); web.Encoding = Encoding.UTF8; res = web.DownloadString(serviceUrl + postData); } catch (Exception e) { ErrorMessage = e.GetBaseException().Message; return null; } // result is a single XML Element fragment var doc = new XmlDocument(); doc.LoadXml(res); return doc.DocumentElement.InnerText; } The first of this code deals with ensuring the auth token exists. You can either pass the token into the method manually or let the method automatically retrieve the auth code on its own. In my case I'm using this inside of a Web application and in that situation I simply need to re-authenticate every time as there's no convenient way to manage the lifetime of the auth cookie. The auth token is added as an Authorization HTTP header prefixed with 'Bearer ' and attached to the request. The text to translate, the from and to language codes and a result format are passed on the query string of this HTTP GET request against the Translate API. The translate API returns an XML string which contains a single element with the translated string. Using the Wrapper Methods It should be pretty obvious how to use these two methods but here are a couple of test methods that demonstrate the two usage scenarios:[TestMethod] public void TranslateBingWithAuthTest() { var translate = new TranslationServices(); string clientId = DbResourceConfiguration.Current.BingClientId; string clientSecret = DbResourceConfiguration.Current.BingClientSecret; string auth = translate.GetBingAuthToken(clientId, clientSecret); Assert.IsNotNull(auth); string text = translate.TranslateBing("Hello World we're back home!", "en", "de",auth); Assert.IsNotNull(text, translate.ErrorMessage); Console.WriteLine(text); } [TestMethod] public void TranslateBingIntegratedTest() { var translate = new TranslationServices(); string text = translate.TranslateBing("Hello World we're back home!","en","de"); Assert.IsNotNull(text, translate.ErrorMessage); Console.WriteLine(text); } Other API Methods The Translate API has a number of methods available and this one is the simplest one but probably also the most common one that translates a single string. You can find additional methods for this API here: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff512419.aspx Soap and AJAX APIs are also available and documented on MSDN: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd576287.aspx These links will be your starting points for calling other methods in this API. Dual Interface I've talked about my database driven localization provider here in the past, and it's for this tool that I added the Bing localization support. Basically I have a localization administration form that allows me to translate individual strings right out of the UI, using both Google and Bing APIs: As you can see in this example, the results from Google and Bing can vary quite a bit - in this case Google is stumped while Bing actually generated a valid translation. At other times it's the other way around - it's pretty useful to see multiple translations at the same time. Here I can choose from one of the values and driectly embed them into the translated text field. Lost in Translation There you have it. As I mentioned using the API once you have all the bureaucratic crap out of the way calling the APIs is fairly straight forward and reasonably fast, even if you have to call the Auth API for every call. Hopefully this post will help out a few of you trying to navigate the Microsoft bureaucracy, at least until next time Microsoft upends everything and introduces new ways to sign up again. Until then - happy translating… Related Posts Translation method Source on Github Translating with Google Translate without Google API Keys Creating a data-driven ASP.NET Resource Provider© Rick Strahl, West Wind Technologies, 2005-2013Posted in Localization  ASP.NET  .NET   Tweet !function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src="//platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document,"script","twitter-wjs"); (function() { var po = document.createElement('script'); po.type = 'text/javascript'; po.async = true; po.src = 'https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(po, s); })();

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  • Sorting Algorithms

    - by MarkPearl
    General Every time I go back to university I find myself wading through sorting algorithms and their implementation in C++. Up to now I haven’t really appreciated their true value. However as I discovered this last week with Dictionaries in C# – having a knowledge of some basic programming principles can greatly improve the performance of a system and make one think twice about how to tackle a problem. I’m going to cover briefly in this post the following: Selection Sort Insertion Sort Shellsort Quicksort Mergesort Heapsort (not complete) Selection Sort Array based selection sort is a simple approach to sorting an unsorted array. Simply put, it repeats two basic steps to achieve a sorted collection. It starts with a collection of data and repeatedly parses it, each time sorting out one element and reducing the size of the next iteration of parsed data by one. So the first iteration would go something like this… Go through the entire array of data and find the lowest value Place the value at the front of the array The second iteration would go something like this… Go through the array from position two (position one has already been sorted with the smallest value) and find the next lowest value in the array. Place the value at the second position in the array This process would be completed until the entire array had been sorted. A positive about selection sort is that it does not make many item movements. In fact, in a worst case scenario every items is only moved once. Selection sort is however a comparison intensive sort. If you had 10 items in a collection, just to parse the collection you would have 10+9+8+7+6+5+4+3+2=54 comparisons to sort regardless of how sorted the collection was to start with. If you think about it, if you applied selection sort to a collection already sorted, you would still perform relatively the same number of iterations as if it was not sorted at all. Many of the following algorithms try and reduce the number of comparisons if the list is already sorted – leaving one with a best case and worst case scenario for comparisons. Likewise different approaches have different levels of item movement. Depending on what is more expensive, one may give priority to one approach compared to another based on what is more expensive, a comparison or a item move. Insertion Sort Insertion sort tries to reduce the number of key comparisons it performs compared to selection sort by not “doing anything” if things are sorted. Assume you had an collection of numbers in the following order… 10 18 25 30 23 17 45 35 There are 8 elements in the list. If we were to start at the front of the list – 10 18 25 & 30 are already sorted. Element 5 (23) however is smaller than element 4 (30) and so needs to be repositioned. We do this by copying the value at element 5 to a temporary holder, and then begin shifting the elements before it up one. So… Element 5 would be copied to a temporary holder 10 18 25 30 23 17 45 35 – T 23 Element 4 would shift to Element 5 10 18 25 30 30 17 45 35 – T 23 Element 3 would shift to Element 4 10 18 25 25 30 17 45 35 – T 23 Element 2 (18) is smaller than the temporary holder so we put the temporary holder value into Element 3. 10 18 23 25 30 17 45 35 – T 23   We now have a sorted list up to element 6. And so we would repeat the same process by moving element 6 to a temporary value and then shifting everything up by one from element 2 to element 5. As you can see, one major setback for this technique is the shifting values up one – this is because up to now we have been considering the collection to be an array. If however the collection was a linked list, we would not need to shift values up, but merely remove the link from the unsorted value and “reinsert” it in a sorted position. Which would reduce the number of transactions performed on the collection. So.. Insertion sort seems to perform better than selection sort – however an implementation is slightly more complicated. This is typical with most sorting algorithms – generally, greater performance leads to greater complexity. Also, insertion sort performs better if a collection of data is already sorted. If for instance you were handed a sorted collection of size n, then only n number of comparisons would need to be performed to verify that it is sorted. It’s important to note that insertion sort (array based) performs a number item moves – every time an item is “out of place” several items before it get shifted up. Shellsort – Diminishing Increment Sort So up to now we have covered Selection Sort & Insertion Sort. Selection Sort makes many comparisons and insertion sort (with an array) has the potential of making many item movements. Shellsort is an approach that takes the normal insertion sort and tries to reduce the number of item movements. In Shellsort, elements in a collection are viewed as sub-collections of a particular size. Each sub-collection is sorted so that the elements that are far apart move closer to their final position. Suppose we had a collection of 15 elements… 10 20 15 45 36 48 7 60 18 50 2 19 43 30 55 First we may view the collection as 7 sub-collections and sort each sublist, lets say at intervals of 7 10 60 55 – 20 18 – 15 50 – 45 2 – 36 19 – 48 43 – 7 30 10 55 60 – 18 20 – 15 50 – 2 45 – 19 36 – 43 48 – 7 30 (Sorted) We then sort each sublist at a smaller inter – lets say 4 10 55 60 18 – 20 15 50 2 – 45 19 36 43 – 48 7 30 10 18 55 60 – 2 15 20 50 – 19 36 43 45 – 7 30 48 (Sorted) We then sort elements at a distance of 1 (i.e. we apply a normal insertion sort) 10 18 55 60 2 15 20 50 19 36 43 45 7 30 48 2 7 10 15 18 19 20 30 36 43 45 48 50 55 (Sorted) The important thing with shellsort is deciding on the increment sequence of each sub-collection. From what I can tell, there isn’t any definitive method and depending on the order of your elements, different increment sequences may perform better than others. There are however certain increment sequences that you may want to avoid. An even based increment sequence (e.g. 2 4 8 16 32 …) should typically be avoided because it does not allow for even elements to be compared with odd elements until the final sort phase – which in a way would negate many of the benefits of using sub-collections. The performance on the number of comparisons and item movements of Shellsort is hard to determine, however it is considered to be considerably better than the normal insertion sort. Quicksort Quicksort uses a divide and conquer approach to sort a collection of items. The collection is divided into two sub-collections – and the two sub-collections are sorted and combined into one list in such a way that the combined list is sorted. The algorithm is in general pseudo code below… Divide the collection into two sub-collections Quicksort the lower sub-collection Quicksort the upper sub-collection Combine the lower & upper sub-collection together As hinted at above, quicksort uses recursion in its implementation. The real trick with quicksort is to get the lower and upper sub-collections to be of equal size. The size of a sub-collection is determined by what value the pivot is. Once a pivot is determined, one would partition to sub-collections and then repeat the process on each sub collection until you reach the base case. With quicksort, the work is done when dividing the sub-collections into lower & upper collections. The actual combining of the lower & upper sub-collections at the end is relatively simple since every element in the lower sub-collection is smaller than the smallest element in the upper sub-collection. Mergesort With quicksort, the average-case complexity was O(nlog2n) however the worst case complexity was still O(N*N). Mergesort improves on quicksort by always having a complexity of O(nlog2n) regardless of the best or worst case. So how does it do this? Mergesort makes use of the divide and conquer approach to partition a collection into two sub-collections. It then sorts each sub-collection and combines the sorted sub-collections into one sorted collection. The general algorithm for mergesort is as follows… Divide the collection into two sub-collections Mergesort the first sub-collection Mergesort the second sub-collection Merge the first sub-collection and the second sub-collection As you can see.. it still pretty much looks like quicksort – so lets see where it differs… Firstly, mergesort differs from quicksort in how it partitions the sub-collections. Instead of having a pivot – merge sort partitions each sub-collection based on size so that the first and second sub-collection of relatively the same size. This dividing keeps getting repeated until the sub-collections are the size of a single element. If a sub-collection is one element in size – it is now sorted! So the trick is how do we put all these sub-collections together so that they maintain their sorted order. Sorted sub-collections are merged into a sorted collection by comparing the elements of the sub-collection and then adjusting the sorted collection. Lets have a look at a few examples… Assume 2 sub-collections with 1 element each 10 & 20 Compare the first element of the first sub-collection with the first element of the second sub-collection. Take the smallest of the two and place it as the first element in the sorted collection. In this scenario 10 is smaller than 20 so 10 is taken from sub-collection 1 leaving that sub-collection empty, which means by default the next smallest element is in sub-collection 2 (20). So the sorted collection would be 10 20 Lets assume 2 sub-collections with 2 elements each 10 20 & 15 19 So… again we would Compare 10 with 15 – 10 is the winner so we add it to our sorted collection (10) leaving us with 20 & 15 19 Compare 20 with 15 – 15 is the winner so we add it to our sorted collection (10 15) leaving us with 20 & 19 Compare 20 with 19 – 19 is the winner so we add it to our sorted collection (10 15 19) leaving us with 20 & _ 20 is by default the winner so our sorted collection is 10 15 19 20. Make sense? Heapsort (still needs to be completed) So by now I am tired of sorting algorithms and trying to remember why they were so important. I think every year I go through this stuff I wonder to myself why are we made to learn about selection sort and insertion sort if they are so bad – why didn’t we just skip to Mergesort & Quicksort. I guess the only explanation I have for this is that sometimes you learn things so that you can implement them in future – and other times you learn things so that you know it isn’t the best way of implementing things and that you don’t need to implement it in future. Anyhow… luckily this is going to be the last one of my sorts for today. The first step in heapsort is to convert a collection of data into a heap. After the data is converted into a heap, sorting begins… So what is the definition of a heap? If we have to convert a collection of data into a heap, how do we know when it is a heap and when it is not? The definition of a heap is as follows: A heap is a list in which each element contains a key, such that the key in the element at position k in the list is at least as large as the key in the element at position 2k +1 (if it exists) and 2k + 2 (if it exists). Does that make sense? At first glance I’m thinking what the heck??? But then after re-reading my notes I see that we are doing something different – up to now we have really looked at data as an array or sequential collection of data that we need to sort – a heap represents data in a slightly different way – although the data is stored in a sequential collection, for a sequential collection of data to be in a valid heap – it is “semi sorted”. Let me try and explain a bit further with an example… Example 1 of Potential Heap Data Assume we had a collection of numbers as follows 1[1] 2[2] 3[3] 4[4] 5[5] 6[6] For this to be a valid heap element with value of 1 at position [1] needs to be greater or equal to the element at position [3] (2k +1) and position [4] (2k +2). So in the above example, the collection of numbers is not in a valid heap. Example 2 of Potential Heap Data Lets look at another collection of numbers as follows 6[1] 5[2] 4[3] 3[4] 2[5] 1[6] Is this a valid heap? Well… element with the value 6 at position 1 must be greater or equal to the element at position [3] and position [4]. Is 6 > 4 and 6 > 3? Yes it is. Lets look at element 5 as position 2. It must be greater than the values at [4] & [5]. Is 5 > 3 and 5 > 2? Yes it is. If you continued to examine this second collection of data you would find that it is in a valid heap based on the definition of a heap.

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