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  • how does NTFS actually work with B-tree ?

    - by bakra
    To improve performance, NTFS directories use a special data management structure called a B-tree. "B-tree" concept here refers to a "tree of storage units" that hold the contents of an individual directory. What I don't understand is where on the disk is this tree stored? Its surely not created every-time we reboot...that would take lots of time. and since its a tree(dynamic Data structure) unlike arrays it will grow. so space needs to be allocated every-time it grows. so how is this "dynamic meta-data" stored ?

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  • Can a grails controller extend from a base class? How to make it so grails doesn't blow up?

    - by egervari
    I wrote a base class to help build my controllers more quickly and to remove duplication. It provides some helper methods, default actions and some meta programming to make these things easier to build. One of those methods in the base class is like this: def dynamicList(Class clazz) { def model = new LinkedHashMap() model[getMapString(clazz) + "s"] = list(clazz) model[getMapString(clazz) + "sTotal"] = count(clazz) model } The action that calls it, also in the base class, is this: def list = { dynamicList(clazz) } Unfortunately, when I go to list action in the controller subclass that inherits the base class when my application is deployed, I get this exception: groovy.lang.MissingMethodException: No signature of method: groovy.lang.MissingMethodException.dynamicList() is applicable for argument types: (java.lang.Class) values: [class project .user.User] at project.user.UserController$_closure1.doCall(UserController.groovy:18) at project.user.UserController$_closure1.doCall(UserController.groovy) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:619) How can I hit grails over the head and just tell it do what I want it to do? My controller unit tests run just fine, so grails' run-time is totally at fault :/ Ken

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  • ASP.NET MVC: Have total control over the URL

    - by Luke101
    Hello, I am developing a website that has nested categories. I would like the categories to be in the url such as something like this http://www.dmoz.org/Computers/Programming/Component_Frameworks/NET/Chats_and_Forums/ as you can see in the above url the categories are in the url itself. How can I develop something like this in asp.net mvc?

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  • to escape or not to escape: well formed XHTML with diacritics

    - by andresmh
    Say that you have a XHTML document in English but it has accented characters (e.g. meta name="author" content="José"). Let's say you have no control over the HTTP headers. Should the characters be replaced for their corresponding named entities (e.g. &aacute;, etc)? Should the doc type and the xml:lang attribute be set to English? I know I can check the W3C recommendation but I am asking more from a practical point of view.

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  • My PHP login no longer works

    - by Matt Clayton
    This page worked like a charm for years... enter the correspondng user id and password and you would be redirected to your directory. Now suddenly, all attempts to log in - valid or otherwise - result in the page remaining static... no message, no redirect, nothing. Nothing in the code has changed, it just plain doesn't work anymore. Could this be the result of some kind of change on the server side? Yeah, I know it's not super secure, but it was good enough for our purposes. I'm certainly open to better suggestions. I just need it to work... and keep working. Please be gentle! I know almost nothing of programming. Here is the page code: <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" > <link href="ilium.css" rel="stylesheet" media="screen"> <title>Ilium: Client Login</title> </head> <body bgcolor="#bfbfcc" background="img/loginbg.gif"> <?php /* init vars */ $userExists = false; $userIndex = -1; $authenicated = false; /*********************************************** * edit this to add new users/password * * - add user/pass/directory to the array * * below: must be in same array index to work * ***********************************************/ $user = array('foo', 'bar'); $pass = array('foo', 'bar'); $directory = array('foo', 'bar'); // run user/pass check if data passed if (isset($username) && isset($password)) { // check if user name exists for ($i = 0; $i < count($user); $i++) { if ($user[$i] == $username) { $userExists = true; $userIndex = $i; break; } } // so user exists, now test password if ($userExists) { $message = $message . "Username Valid<br>\n"; if ($pass[$userIndex] == $password) { $authenicated = true; $link = "/incoming/clients050203/" . $directory[$userIndex] . "/"; $message = $message . "Password Valid - Redirecting to your folder...<br>\n"; } else { $message = $message . "Incorrect Password<br>\n"; } } else { $message = $message . "Incorrect User Name<br>\n"; } } ?> <?php // user has been authenicated - move them to the correct directory if ($authenicated) { echo "<META HTTP-EQUIV=Refresh CONTENT=\"0; URL=" . $link . "\">"; } ?> <img src="img/spacer.gif" alt="" width="1" height="112" border="0"> <form action="login.php" method="post"> <table width="496"> <tr> <td width="100"></td> <td colspan="4" width="469"><img src="img/please.gif" alt="" width="469" height="19" border="0"></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100"><img src="img/spacer.gif" alt="" width="100" height="1" border="0"></td> <td width="227"> <img src="img/spacer.gif" alt="" width="227" height="1" border="0"><br> </td> <td align="right" valign="top" width="84"><input type="text" name="username" size="12"><br></td> <td width="43"><img src="img/spacer.gif" alt="" width="43" height="1" border="0"><br> <br> </td> <td align="right" valign="top" width="109"><input type="password" name="password" size="16"> <p><br> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="100"></td> <td valign="top" width="227"><div class="messages"><?=$message?></div></td> <td width="84"><br> </td> <td width="43"><br> </td> <td align="right" width="109"><input type="image" src="img/enter.gif" ALT="enter"><br> <br> <br> <br> <br> </td> </tr> </table> </form> </body> </html>

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  • 503 (Server Unavailable) WebException when loading local XHTML file

    - by kcoppock
    Hello! So I'm currently working on an ePub reader application, and I've been reading through a bunch of regular XML files just fine with System.Xml and XmlDocument: XmlDocument xmldoc = new XmlDocument(); xmldoc.Load(Path.Combine(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory(), "META-INF/container.xml")); XmlNodeList xnl = xmldoc.GetElementsByTagName("rootfile"); However, now I'm trying to open the XHTML files that contain the actual book text, and they're XHTML files. Now I don't really know the difference between the two, but I'm getting the following error with this code (in the same document, using the same XmlDocument and XmlNodeList variable) xmldoc.Load(Path.Combine(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory(), "OEBPS/part1.xhtml")); "WebException was unhandled: The remote server returned an error: (503) Server Unavailable" It's a local document, so I'm not understanding why it's giving this error? Any help would be greatly appreciated. :) I've got the full source code here if it helps: http://drop.io/epubtest (I know the ePubConstructor.ParseDocument() method is horribly messy, I'm just trying to get it working at the moment before I split it into classes)

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  • How do I do client-side validation in WPF using WCF RIA Services

    - by lsb
    Hi! I've created a WCF RIA Service that I'd like to use with a WPF application. I've added several System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations validation rules on the entities meta-data, all which work great on the server when I call .SubmitChanges(changeSet) from the client. I'd also like to validate my entities on the client side before I sumbit my changes to the server but I have no idea how to do so. Any help in this regard would be greatly appreciated! Thanks....

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  • What happens with TCP packets between 2 Socket.BeginReceive Call??

    - by Rodrigo
    Hi, i have a doubt about Socket Programming, i am developing a TCP packets Sniffer, i am using Socket.BeginAccept, Socket.BeginReceive to capture every packet, but when a packet is received i have to process something, it is a fast operation, but would take some milliseconds, and then call the BeginReceive again. My question is, what would happen if some packets are sent while i am processing, and havent called BeginReceive??...are lost?...are buffered internally?...is there a limit?... Thanks in advance.

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  • How to get a good price on dev books

    - by mgroves
    Does anyone have any tips for getting a good price on new/used programming-related books? I've looked at some of the more popular books (like DDD and GoF), and even used they can be pretty pricey. I'm not saying they aren't worth it, but I feel like there might be a more focused book store or exchange or something just for devs and/or IT professionals that I just don't know about. Any tips at all would be appreciated.

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  • Basic regexp help

    - by casben79
    I am new to programming PHP and am trying to validate a field in a form. The field if for a RAL color code and so would look something like : RAL 1001. so the letters RAL and then 4 numbers. Can someone help me set them into a regular expression to validate them. i have tried this with no success: $string_exp = "/^[RAL][0-9 .-]+$/i"; What can I say but sorry for being a complete NOOB at PHP. Cheers Ben

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  • Whitespace-Ingoring languages

    - by Sarc Asm
    People (here on SO) often talk about their dislike of languages which don't ignore whitespace. My question is: Which programming languages ignore whitespace? Examples: C++ co n st my Var with spaces = 1 23; - Error PHP $this willnot work = 456;

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  • Will these optimizations to my Ruby implementation of diff improve performance in a Rails app?

    - by grg-n-sox
    <tl;dr> In source version control diff patch generation, would it be worth it to use the optimizations listed at the very bottom of this writing (see <optimizations>) in my Ruby implementation of diff for making diff patches? </tl;dr> <introduction> I am programming something I have never done before and there might already be tools out there to do the exact thing I am programming but at this point I am having too much fun to care so I am still going to do it from scratch, even if there is a tool for this. So anyways, I am working on a Ruby on Rails app and need a certain feature. Basically I want each entry in a table of mine, let's say for example a table of video games, to have a stored chunk of text that represents a review or something of the sort for that table entry. However, I want this text to be both editable by any registered user and also keep track of different submissions in a version control system. The simplest solution I could think of is just implement a solution that keeps track of the text body and the diff patch history of different versions of the text body as objects in Ruby and then serialize it, preferably in human readable form (so I'll most likely use YAML for this) for editing if needed due to corruption by a software bug or a mistake is made by an admin doing some version editing. So at first I just tried to dive in head first into this feature to find that the problem of generating a diff patch is more difficult that I thought to do efficiently. So I did some research and came across some ideas. Some I have implemented already and some I have not. However, it all pretty much revolves around the longest common subsequence problem, as you would already know if you have already done anything with diff or diff-like features, and optimization the function that solves it. Currently I have it so it truncates the compared versions of the text body from the beginning and end until non-matching lines are found. Then it solves the problem using a comparison matrix, but instead of incrementing the value stored in a cell when it finds a matching line like in most longest common subsequence algorithms I have seen examples of, I increment when I have a non-matching line so as to calculate edit distance instead of longest common subsequence. Although as far as I can tell between the two approaches, they are essentially two sides of the same coin so either could be used to derive an answer. It then back-traces through the comparison matrix and notes when there was an incrementation and in which adjacent cell (West, Northwest, or North) to determine that line's diff entry and assumes all other lines to be unchanged. Normally I would leave it at that, but since this is going into a Rails environment and not just some stand-alone Ruby script, I started getting worried about needing to optimize at least enough so if a spammer that somehow knew how I implemented the version control system and knew my worst case scenario entry still wouldn't be able to hit the server that bad. After some searching and reading of research papers and articles through the internet, I've come across several that seem decent but all seem to have pros and cons and I am having a hard time deciding how well in this situation that the pros and cons balance out. So are the ones listed here worth it? I have listed them with known pros and cons. </introduction> <optimizations> Chop the compared sequences into multiple chucks of subsequences by splitting where lines are unchanged, and then truncating each section of unchanged lines at the beginning and end of each section. Then solve the edit distance of each subsequence. Pro: Changes the time increase as the changed area gets bigger from a quadratic increase to something more similar to a linear increase. Con: Figuring out where to split already seems like you have to solve edit distance except now you don't care how it is changed. Would be fine if this was solvable by a process closer to solving hamming distance but a single insertion would throw this off. Use a cryptographic hash function to both convert all sequence elements into integers and ensure uniqueness. Then solve the edit distance comparing the hash integers instead of the sequence elements themselves. Pro: The operation of comparing two integers is faster than the operation of comparing two strings, so a slight performance gain is received after every comparison, which can be a lot overall. Con: Using a cryptographic hash function takes time to convert all the sequence elements and may end up costing more time to do the conversion that you gain back from the integer comparisons. You could use the built in hash function for a string but that will not guarantee uniqueness. Use lazy evaluation to only calculate the three center-most diagonals of the comparison matrix and then only calculate additional diagonals as needed. And then also use this approach to possibly remove the need on some comparisons to compare all three adjacent cells as desribed here. Pro: Can turn an algorithm that always takes O(n * m) time and make it so only worst case scenario is that time, best case becomes practically linear, and average case is somewhere between the two. Con: It is an algorithm I've only seen implemented in functional programming languages and I am having a difficult time comprehending how to convert this into Ruby based on how it is described at the site linked to above. Make a C module and do the hard work at the native level in C and just make a Ruby wrapper for it so Ruby can make all the calls to it that it needs. Pro: I have to imagine that evaluating something like this in could be a LOT faster. Con: I have no idea how Rails handles apps with ruby code that has C extensions and it hurts the portability of the app. This is an optimization for after the solving of edit distance, but idea is to store additional combined diffs with the ones produced by each version to make a delta-tree data structure with the most recently made diff as the root node of the tree so getting to any version takes worst case time of O(log n) instead of O(n). Pro: Would make going back to an old version a lot faster. Con: It would mean every new commit, the delta-tree would get a new root node that will cost time to reorganize the delta-tree for an operation that will be carried out a lot more often than going back a version, not to mention the unlikelihood it will be an old version. </optimizations> So are these things worth the effort?

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  • How to post Arabic characters in PHP

    - by Peter Stuart
    Okay, So I am writing an OpenCart extension that must allow Arabic characters when posting data. Whenever I post ????? the print_r($_POST) returns with this: u0645u0631u062du0628u0627 I check the HTML header and it has this: <meta charset="UTF-8" /> I checked the PHP file that triggers all SQL queries and it has this code: mysql_query("SET NAMES 'utf8'", $this->link); mysql_query("SET CHARACTER SET utf8", $this->link); mysql_query("SET CHARACTER_SET_CONNECTION=utf8", $this->link); This is in my form tag: <form action="<?php echo $action; ?>" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" id="form" accept-charset="utf-8"> I can't think of what else I am doing wrong. The rest of the OpenCart framework supports UTF8 and arabic characters. It is just in this instance where I can't post anything arabic? Could someone please help me? Many Thanks Peter

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  • Beginner SQL question: arithmetic with multiple COUNT(*) results

    - by polygenelubricants
    Continuing with the spirit of using the Stack Exchange Data Explorer to learn SQL, (see: Can we become our own “Northwind” for teaching SQL / databases?), I've decided to try to write a query to answer a simple question (on meta): What % of stackoverflow users have over 10,000 rep?. Here's what I've done: Query#1 SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Users WHERE Users.Reputation >= 10000 Result: 556 Query#2 SELECT COUNT(*) FROM USERS Result: 227691 Now, how do I put them together into one query? What is this query idiom called? What do I need to write so I can get, say, a one-row three-column result like this: 556 227691 0,00244190592

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  • Hibernate and stored procedures

    - by cc96ai
    As my understanding on setting hibernate, I need to create table meta data file (person.hbm.xml), include all the fields mapping java object (person.java) If we use stored procedures for all transaction, do we still need the above configuration? It seems hibernate and stored procedures will overlap, We set up the stored procedure because we don't want the to developer know all the field in db. If tables change, then we need update above files. Does it mean if we purely use stored procedure, we should just go for JDBC? If hibernate, we should stay in HQL?

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  • Object Oriented Database - why most of the companies do not use them

    - by GigaPr
    Hi, I am pretty new to programming(just finished University). I have been thought in the last 4 years about Object Oriented development and the numerous advantages of this approach. My question is Isn't it easier to use a pure Object Oriented database in development applications? Why Object Oriented database are not as much diffuse as relational? From my point of view makes sense to use OO database, the latter will avoid the numerous construction necessary for the mapping of complex objects on the tables.

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  • software and techniques for measuring programmer's productivity

    - by maya
    Hi everybody , measuring the software is essential part of software development. my task is to measure productivity of pair and solo programming . Is there any program help me to measure productivity of the software. and also I'm looking for techniques or steps for measuring productivity. anyone has information please help me . many thanks in advance

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  • Which python mpi library to use?

    - by Dana the Sane
    I'm starting work on some simulations using MPI and want to do the programming in Python/scipy. The scipy site lists a number of mpi libraries, but I was hoping to get feedback on quality, ease of use, etc from anyone who has used one.

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