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• TOR Proxy / Vidalia "New Identity" button not working

  - by Yisman

  I need to hide my ip from time to time. In Vidalia, I click on "New Identity". Ihen I check http://myip.ozymo.com/ to see if my IP address has changed. But, no, it hasn't. Why is that? And how can this be fixed? I tried waiting till the button gets re-enabled to make sure that its done processing the command, but still the IP address is the same. In Fiddler each request is tracked, so it's not a cached response. It's re-requested, but simply does not change. Fiddler though does show one thing interesting. Here is the raw response of many of the requests: HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Length: 13 Date: Mon, 23 May 2011 12:02:57 GMT Server: Apache X-Powered-By: PHP/5.2.14 Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Age: 1 Connection: keep-alive **Warning: 110 localhost:8118 Object is stale** 26.32.120.106 What is this warning? And is this the cause?

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• Google bots are severely affecting site performance

  - by Lynn

  I have an aggregate site on a linux server that pulls in feeds from a universe of about 2,000 blogs. It's in Wordpress 3.4.2 and I have a cron job that is staggered to run five times an hour on another server to pull in the stories and then publish them to the front page of this site. This is so I didn't put too much pressure all on one server. However, the Google bots, which visit a few times every hour bring the server to its knees in the morning and evenings when there is an increase in traffic on the site. The bots have something like 30,000 links to follow at this point. How do I throttle the bots to simply grab the new stories off the front page and stop there? EDIT- Details of my server configuration: The way we have this set up is the server that handles all the publishing is an unmanaged instance via AWS. It mounts the NFS server and connects to the RDS to update content, etc. You get to this publishing instance via a plugin that detects the wp-admin link and then redirects you into there. The front end app server also mounts the NFS and requests data from the RDS. It is the only one that has the WP Super Cache on it.... The OS is Ubuntu on the App server and the NFS runs CentOs. The front end is Nginx and the publishing server is Apache.

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• Rails app returns HTTP 422 for new ServerAlias - Internet Explorer only

  - by Snips

  I have a long-standing Rails app running on Mac OS X (apache2). The set-up uses Apache virtual hosts and Passenger. The Rails app also uses HTTP Basic Authentication. I need to migrate the app from one url domain to another - with some overlap of both domain names being accessible simultaneously for a period. To do this, I've added the new domain name as a ServerAlias of the existing domain name in the Passenger Virtual Host config. I can now Browse the Rails app using both the legacy url, and the new url from any of Safari, Chrome, Firefox, or Internet Explorer. I can also 'HTTP post' updates to the Rails app using Safari, Chrome, or Firefox. All good. Except, attempts to post updates from Internet Explorer result in the Rails app rejecting the update, The Rails app log contains the message, ActionController::InvalidAuthenticityToken (ActionController::InvalidAuthenticityToken): I have other domains & aliases working just fine on this same machine. Any suggestions as to what is causing the Rails app to reject posts from IE would be appreciated.

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• Sync desktop Mac environment to laptop

  - by Andrew Vit

  I spend the majority of my time working at my desktop Mac, which I have configured for my web development environment. My spouse has a MacBook for casual use, and I occasionally steal it back when I need to work off-site, or when travelling. The question is how to best synchronize the two so I can switch between them more readily. I've solved a few obvious things by using online services: Email is hosted on IMAP. Working files are in Dropbox. Source code is managed in git. However, the following are things I always miss when jumping on the laptop: Installed Applications (current versions) Installed libraries & utilities (/usr/local) Apache VirtualHosts & other configurations (/etc) Disk image files for VMs My current method is to connect the MacBook via Firewire target mode and rsync the /Users/me home directory, and then cherry-pick the other items I need from Applications, /etc and /usr/local. The problem with this method is that it can be very time consuming due to things like my virtual machine image files, cached emails, etc. How can I make this faster & easier? Can you recommend a solution for configuration management (so I can repeatably install & configure the same software on both), or synchronization (so I can bring the MacBook up to date nightly, over our home network)?

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• server dosnt produce syn-ack

  - by steve

  I have a small program that take packets from the nfqueue . change the ip.dst to my server dst (and ttl), recalc checksum and return the packet to the nfqueue. The server and the client are linux and apache web server is run on the server and listen on port 80. i open telnet in the client to fake ip on port 80 . the packet is changed by my program and sent to the server, but the target server (the new dst ip) get the syn , but dosnt generate syn-ack (the server also belong to me , so i can see that it get the syn with checksum correct , but dosnt generate syn-ack). if i do the same , but with the real server ip as the dest, the tcp handshake is done correct (in this case i just change the ttl and checksum. The change that i did to the ttl is just a test to see that my checksum calc is ok). i compare the sys's , but didnt find and difference. Any idea? Ps. i saw this topic : Server not sending a SYN/ACK packet in response to a SYN packet and i set all flags the same , but this didnt help. Thank you

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• Deploy our own software using Puppet?

  - by Ken

  (Apologies in advance for the stupidity in this question. I'm normally a programmer, not a sysadmin, but I've taken it upon myself to automate some things, and clean up some other things which are automated but not in the prettiest way. :-) I've been looking around at various tools for automation of software deployment to a bunch of servers, like cfengine, Puppet, and Chef. So far, Puppet looks the most appealing, but I've certainly not committed to anything yet. These tools all look like they can do a great job of keeping a bunch of servers up-to-date with prepackaged software. What I don't get is: how does one use a tool (like Puppet) to manage deployments of our own internal software? I think I'm at a loss because I've seen a thousand tutorials showing how to keep Apache ensure => latest (which is pretty cool), but nothing that quite corresponds to my use-case today, which is something more like: when a human being pushes The Button, pull branch A from the version-control repository B run command C to compile it copy the binaries D to servers E1 through E10 on each server, run command F to make all changes take effect Puppet sounds great, and I totally see the advantage of declarative, idempotent configuration over some shell scripts, but I've not seen any tutorials for "you want to update your shell scripts to Puppet (or Chef, or cfengine) so here's what you should do". Is there such a thing? Is it obvious to other people how to take the things provided in the Puppet docs and replicate the behavior I want? Am I just not getting it? What it's sounding like to me, so far, is that the human being (#1) would manually package the software (#2 and #3) external to Puppet, manually update the Puppet config, which would trigger Puppet to update the servers ... maybe? (I'm a little confused here, as I'm sure you can tell.) Thanks!

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• iptables to block VPN-traffic if not through tun0

  - by dacrow

  I have a dedicated Webserver running Debian 6 and some Apache, Tomcat, Asterisk and Mail-stuff. Now we needed to add VPN support for a special program. We installed OpenVPN and registered with a VPN provider. The connection works well and we have a virtual tun0 interface for tunneling. To archive the goal for only tunneling a single program through VPN, we start the program with sudo -u username -g groupname command and added a iptables rule to mark all traffic coming from groupname iptables -t mangle -A OUTPUT -m owner --gid-owner groupname -j MARK --set-mark 42 Afterwards we tell iptables to to some SNAT and tell ip route to use special routing table for marked traffic packets. Problem: if the VPN failes, there is a chance that the special to-be-tunneled program communicates over the normal eth0 interface. Desired solution: All marked traffic should not be allowed to go directly through eth0, it has to go through tun0 first. I tried the following commands which didn't work: iptables -A OUTPUT -m owner --gid-owner groupname ! -o tun0 -j REJECT iptables -A OUTPUT -m owner --gid-owner groupname -o eth0 -j REJECT It might be the problem, that the above iptable-rules didn't work due to the fact, that the packets are first marked, then put into tun0 and then transmitted by eth0 while they are still marked.. I don't know how to de-mark them after in tun0 or to tell iptables, that all marked packet may pass eth0, if they where in tun0 before or if they going to the gateway of my VPN provider. Does someone has any idea to a solution? Some config infos: iptables -nL -v --line-numbers -t mangle Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 11M packets, 9798M bytes) num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1 591K 50M MARK all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 owner GID match 1005 MARK set 0x2a 2 82812 6938K CONNMARK all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 owner GID match 1005 CONNMARK save iptables -nL -v --line-numbers -t nat Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 393 packets, 23908 bytes) num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1 15 1052 SNAT all -- * tun0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 mark match 0x2a to:VPN_IP ip rule add from all fwmark 42 lookup 42 ip route show table 42 default via VPN_IP dev tun0

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• Mac Mavericks, ngircd localhost works, private IP doesn't

  - by user221945

  I have configured ngircd to listen on my private ip address. It doesn't. Localhost works fine. Configuration test: ngIRCd 21-IDENT+IPv6+IRCPLUS+SSL+SYSLOG+TCPWRAP+ZLIB-x86_64/apple/darwin13.2.0 Copyright (c)2001-2013 Alexander Barton () and Contributors. Homepage: http://ngircd.barton.de/ This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Reading configuration from "/opt/local/etc/ngircd.conf" ... OK, press enter to see a dump of your server configuration ... [GLOBAL] Name = irc.bellbookandpistol.com AdminInfo1 = Jaedreth AdminInfo2 = San Diego County CA, US AdminEMail = [email protected] HelpFile = /opt/local/share/doc/ngircd/Commands.txt Info = Server Info Text Listen = 10.0.1.5,127.0.0.1 MotdFile = MotdPhrase = "Welcome to irc.bellbookandpistol.com" Password = PidFile = Ports = 6667 ServerGID = wheel ServerUID = root [LIMITS] ConnectRetry = 60 IdleTimeout = 0 MaxConnections = 0 MaxConnectionsIP = 6 MaxJoins = -1 MaxNickLength = 9 MaxListSize = 0 PingTimeout = 120 PongTimeout = 20 [OPTIONS] AllowedChannelTypes = #&+ AllowRemoteOper = no ChrootDir = CloakHost = CloakHostModeX = CloakHostSalt = kBih5mu\kVI!DC6eifT(hd4m/0'zb/=: CloakUserToNick = no ConnectIPv4 = yes ConnectIPv6 = no DefaultUserModes = DNS = yes IncludeDir = /opt/local/etc/ngircd.conf.d MorePrivacy = no NoticeAuth = no OperCanUseMode = no OperChanPAutoOp = yes OperServerMode = no RequireAuthPing = no ScrubCTCP = no SyslogFacility = local5 WebircPassword = [SSL] CertFile = CipherList = HIGH:!aNULL:@STRENGTH DHFile = KeyFile = KeyFilePassword = Ports = [OPERATOR] Name = [REDACTED] Password = [REDACTED] Mask = [CHANNEL] Name = #BBP Modes = tnk Key = MaxUsers = 0 Topic = Welcome to the Bell, Book and Pistol IRC Server! KeyFile = As you can see, it should be listening on 10.0.1.5, but it isn't. After turning on Apache manually, port 80 works on 10.0.1.5, but port 6667 doesn't. It only works on localhost. Is there some terminal command I could use or some config file I could edit to get this to work?

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• Cannot Start Passenger 3.0.18 Using Mountain Lion (OS X Server) and RVM

  - by LightBe Corp

  I recently did a clean install of Mountain Lion on my Mac Mini Server. I installed version 3.0.18 using a gem according to the directions on http://www.phusionpassenger.com with no errors that I could see. rvmsudo gem install passenger-enterprise-server-3.0.18.gem rvmsudo passenger-install-apache2-module Here are my entries in /etc/apache2/httpd.conf with my username masked: LoadModule passenger_module /Users/username/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/passenger-enterprise-server-3.0.18/ext/apache2/mod_passenger.so PassengerRoot /Users/username/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p327/gems/passenger-enterprise-server-3.0.18 PassengerRuby /Users/username/.rvm/wrappers/ruby-1.9.3-p327/ruby I uncommented out the following statement: Include /private/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf Here is a sample virtual host entry. I have three of them in the file. <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName www.mydomain.com ServerAlias mydomain.com PassengerAppRoot /Users/username/Sites/myfolder/ DocumentRoot /Users/username/Sites/myfolder/public <Directory /Users/username/Sites/myfolder/public> Allow from all AllowOverride all Options -MultiViews </Directory> </VirtualHost> I have restarted Apache several times. Here is information from my server: [~]$ ps -ef | grep Passenger 501 18804 303 0 12:39PM ttys000 0:00.00 grep Passenger [~]$ rvmsudo passenger-status Password: **ERROR: Phusion Passenger doesn't seem to be running.** [~]$ rvmsudo passenger-config --version 3.0.18 I have tried doing online searches on this. I was surprised that there was not all that much on this specific error even though from my understanding Passenger has been around for a few years. I have posted this issue on the Phusion Passenger Google Groups but have not heard anything. Any help would be appreciated, the sooner the better LOL. Seriously I need to have one of my three websites up by tomorrow evening. This is the only issue stopping that from happening. Thanks again.

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• Ubuntu server crashes; need help figuring how to figure out why

  - by neezer

  I have a 768 Slice at slicehost.com running Ubuntu Server 8.04.2 LTS (hardy) with a LAMP stack on it that periodically crashes, though why I am not sure. From what I can tell, there is a process that basically goes rogue and consumes all the memory on the slice, suffocating all the other programs running until the whole thing comes to a grinding halt, and I have to do a hard reboot of the slice to get it back up and running again. I can't detect any pattern for this (it seems to happen about once a month, more or less). Here's a screenshot of my console during the last crash: I would assume that a possible cause might a PHP script or an apache configuration rule that might cause the crash if triggered? How would I be able to find out which one is the offending one? I've checked and rechecked all my PHP scripts, and running them doesn't seem to trigger the crash. I've also been able to log on to my system during a crash and see what's running (with top), but I can't tell how the offending process was started, so I can't trace the root of the problem! I know my description is overly generic, but unfortunately my expertise in tracking down the source of these glitches is very limited. If you need any additional information about my system in order to help me figure this out, please let me know in the comments, and I will append it to the question. My only other lead as to the culprit here is Wordpress, which we have installed on this server. Here are the details: Wordpress 3.0.3 with the following plugins installed and activated: Addmarx - Bookmark/Share/Email Dropdown, Akismet, All in One SEO Pack, Animated Banners, Automatically publish highlights of any website, directly to your Blog, Broken Link Checker, CMS Dashboard, Collapsing Categories, Status Updater, SubHeading, Ultimate Google Analytics, VastSubCat, WP-CMS Post Control, and WP Super Cache

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• Proper web server setup

  - by DMin

  I just got myself a slicehost basic slice to play around with so I can learn how to setup web-servers. I have Ubuntu 10.04.2 installed on the server. I was able to successfully get the server up and running from scratch, these were the things I did - following this tutorial. I know this is probably just a starters tutorial, so, I was wondering if you guys can tell me what you like to do while setting up production servers. These are the steps that were followed : Update and Upgrade Ubuntu sudo apt-get install apache2 php5-mysql libapache2-mod-php5 mysql-server Backup a copy of and edit apache2.conf Set : 'ServerTokens Full' to 'ServerTokens Prod''ServerSignature On' to 'ServerSignature Off' Backup php.ini and then Change “expose_php = On” to “expose_php = Off” Restart Apache Install Shorewall firewall Configure Shorewall to only accept HTTP and SSH connections(in the rules file) Enable shorewall on startup Add the website to the server : sudo usermod -g www-data root sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www sudo chmod -R 775 /var/www I want make this CommunityWiki but can't seem to find the option to do it. Please feel free to add any feedback on the processes and things I am doing right/wrong. Much appriciated, thanks! :)

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• Updated my WAMP Server and MySQL is eating up 580mB of memory

  - by Jon

  I updated my dev-box's WAMPSERVER, and along with updating PHP and Apache, MySQL updated to '5.6.12'. After doing that, I copied the data folder from my old (5.1.36) install to the new one and now MySQL takes up 580mB which is way too much, since I'm the only person using it (Locally) and there are only 20 or so databases on it, none of which have 'memory' tables. How can I get this down to a decent amount? My my.ini: # For advice on how to change settings please see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html # *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the # *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you # *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL. [mysqld] # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%. # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging # changes to the binary log between backups. # log_bin # These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required. # basedir = ..... # datadir = ..... # port = ..... # server_id = ..... # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers. # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs. # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values. # join_buffer_size = 128M # sort_buffer_size = 2M # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES Database info: Storage Engine Data Size Index Size Total Size InnoDB 48.00 KB 0.00 B 48.00 KB MEMORY 0.00 B 0.00 B 0.00 B MyISAM 163.64 MB 122.49 MB 286.13 MB Total 163.69 MB 122.49 MB 286.18 MB

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• In Icinga (Nagios), how do I configure hosts with multiple IPs?

  - by gertvdijk

  I'm setting up Icinga (Nagios fork) and I have some machines with multiple interfaces. Some services are only listening on one of them and to check them correctly, I like to know if it's possible to have multiple IP addresses configured for a single host in Icinga. Here's a minimal example: Remote Server: eth0: 1.2.3.4 (public IP) eth1: 10.1.2.3 (private IP, secure tunnel) Apache listening on 1.2.3.4:80. (public only) OpenSSH listening on 10.1.2.3:22. (internal network only) Postfix SMTP listening on 0.0.0.0:25 (all interfaces) Icinga Server: eth0: 10.2.3.4 (private IP, internet access) Now if I define a host: define host { use generic-host host_name server1 alias server1.gertvandijk.net address 10.1.2.3 } This will not check the HTTP status correctly. And defining an additional host: define host { use generic-host host_name server1-public alias server1.gertvandijk.net address 1.2.3.4 } will check everything, but shows up as two independent hosts. Now I want to 'aggregate' these two hosts to show up as a single host, yet providing an easy configuration to check the services on their proper address. What is the most elegant number-of-configuration-lines-saving solution to this? I read about several plugins available to workaround this, but I can't figure out what is the current way to address it. Solutions go back to 2003, but I'm running Icinga 1.7.1, already capable of the address6 option, yet that triggers IPv6-only resolving on the hostname... Ideally, I wish to configure Icinga to be intelligent enough to know that the Postfix instance running on 10.1.2.3:25 is the same as 1.2.3.4:25 and thus not triggering two alarms. I guess this must have been tackled before and sysadmins have it set up now. Please share your solution to this. Thanks! :)

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• Method to integrate Powershell scripts with non-Windows workflow?

  - by Matt Simmons

  I love the smell of new machines in the morning. I'm automating a machine creation workflow that involves several separate systems across my infrastructure, some of which involve 15 year old perl scripts on Solaris hosts, PXE Booting Linux systems, and Powershell on Windows Server 2008. I can script each of the individual parts, and integrating the Linux and Unix automation is fairly straightforward, but I'm at a loss as to how to reliably tie together the Powershell scripts to the rest of the processes. I would prefer if the process began on a Linux host, since I imagine that it will end up as a web application living on an Apache server, but if it needs to begin on Windows, I am hesitantly okay with that. I would ideally like something along the lines of psexec for Linux to run against Windows, but the answer in that direction appears to by Cygwin, and as much as I appreciate all of the hard work that they put in, it has never felt right, if you know what I mean. It's great for a desktop and gives a lot of functionality, but I feel like Windows servers should be treated like Windows servers and not bastardized Unix machines (which, incidentally, is my argument against OSX servers, too, and they're actually Unix). Anyway, I don't want to go with Cygwin unless that's the last and only option. So I guess what I'm asking is if there is a way to execute jobs on Windows machines from Linux. Without Cygwin. I'm open to ideas and suggestions, including "Look idiot, everyone uses Cygwin, so suck it up and deal with it". Thanks in advance!

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• Having trouble keeping a 1GB RAM Centos server running

  - by Josh

  This is my first time configuring a VPS server and I'm having a few issues. We're running Wordpress on a 1GB Centos server configured per the internet (online research). No custom queries or anything crazy but closing in on 8K posts. At arbitrary intervals, the server just goes down. From the client side, it just says "Loading..." and will spin more or less indefinitely. On the server side, the shell will lock completely. We have to do a hard reboot from the control panel and then everything is fine. Watching "top" I see it hovering between 35 - 55% memory usage generally and occasional spikes up to around 80%. When I saw it go down, there were about 30 - 40 Apache processes showing which pushed memory over the edge. "error_log" tells me that maxclients was reached right before each reboot instance. I've tried tinkering with that but to no avail. I think we'll probably need to bump the server up to the next RAM level but with ~120K pageviews per month, it seems like that's a bit overkill since it was running fairly well on a shared server before. Any ideas? httpd.conf and my.cnf values to add? I'll update this with the current ones if that helps. Thanks in advance! This has been a fun and important learning experience but, overall, quite frustrating! Edit: quick top snapshot: top - 15:18:15 up 2 days, 13:04, 1 user, load average: 0.56, 0.44, 0.38 Tasks: 85 total, 2 running, 83 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 6.7%us, 3.5%sy, 0.0%ni, 89.6%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.1%si, 0.0%st Mem: 2051088k total, 736708k used, 1314380k free, 199576k buffers Swap: 4194300k total, 0k used, 4194300k free, 287688k cached

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• How can I get web pages from sub.a.com using url sub.b.com?

  - by Steven

  I have developed www.mysite.com. This site can be "integrated" into my partners website. What I do is to create partner1.mysite.com and repalce my header and footer with my partners header and footer and replace some CSS styling. This should make it as transaprent as possible for the user, so that they think they are still browsing my partners website. There are two ways I see how I can accomplish this: 1. My partner uses an IFrame to show the content from partner1.mysite.com 2. My partner creates sub domain and points it to my sub domain. Solution 1 is easy, but I'm not sure how search engines likes this, so I will try solution 2. QUESTION Can I use mysite.partner1.com but read content from partner1.mysite.com? I don't want to forward / redirect users to partner1.mysite.com. It's important that the URL is mysite.partner1.com / mysite.partner1.com/some/page. Is this possible? For testing, I have Apache configuration more or less like this: NameVirtualHost 10.0.0.17 <VirtualHost 10.0.0.17> DocumentRoot D:/wamp/www/mysite/ ServerName mysite.com </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost 10.0.0.17> DocumentRoot D:/wamp/www/mysite/ ServerName site1.mysite.com </VirtualHost> // Since this is on my localhost, I also configure site1 here <VirtualHost 10.0.0.17> DocumentRoot D:/wamp/www/site1/ ServerName site1.com </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost 10.0.0.17> ServerName mysite.site1.com --> DO SOME SORT OF FORWARDING HERE <-- </VirtualHost>

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• How to effectively have less php-cgi processes running?

  - by João Pinto Jerónimo

  My server is a Linode 512, and on it I run a Wordpress MU with 3 websites (they don't get a lot of visitors) and a couple of NodeJS apps. I need to switch to Lighttpd because Apache 2 was using about 59% of the server's RAM, and now I have the php-cgi processes taking up about 43.6% of the server's RAM: most often 2 processes use 16.5% of the RAM each, 4 processes use 1.8% of the RAM each, and 4 more processes use 0,8% of the RAM, each How can I have less of these processes ? I'm almost sure they're not all needed for the trafic this server gets... I tried only allowing 2 children, but I still have those 10... This is my fastcgi.server section in lighttpd.conf. fastcgi.server = ( ".php" => ( "localhost" => ( "socket" => "/var/run/lighttpd/php-fastcgi.socket", "bin-path" => "/usr/bin/php-cgi", "bin-environment" => ( "PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN" => "2", "PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS" => "4000" ) ) ) ) What else can I do to tune lighttpd to use less RAM ?

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• iptables -- OK, **now** am I doing it right?

  - by Agvorth

  This is a follow up to a previous question where I asked whether my iptables config is correct. CentOS 5.3 system. Intended result: block everything except ping, ssh, Apache, and SSL. Based on xenoterracide's advice and the other responses to the question (thanks guys), I created this script: # Establish a clean slate iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT iptables -F # Flush all rules iptables -X # Delete all chains # Disable routing. Drop packets if they reach the end of the chain. iptables -P FORWARD DROP # Drop all packets with a bad state iptables -A INPUT -m state --state INVALID -j DROP # Accept any packets that have something to do with ones we've sent on outbound iptables -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT # Accept any packets coming or going on localhost (this can be very important) iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT # Accept ICMP iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT # Allow ssh iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT # Allow httpd iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT # Allow SSL iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT # Block all other traffic iptables -A INPUT -j DROP Now when I list the rules I get... # iptables -L -v Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 0 0 DROP all -- any any anywhere anywhere state INVALID 9 612 ACCEPT all -- any any anywhere anywhere state RELATED,ESTABLISHED 0 0 ACCEPT all -- lo any anywhere anywhere 0 0 ACCEPT icmp -- any any anywhere anywhere 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- any any anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:ssh 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- any any anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:http 0 0 ACCEPT tcp -- any any anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:https 0 0 DROP all -- any any anywhere anywhere Chain FORWARD (policy DROP 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 5 packets, 644 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination I ran it and I can still log in, so that's good. Anyone notice anything major out of wack?

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• Identifying Service Error in Fedora 16

  - by Cerin

  How do you find the cause of a failed service start in Fedora 16? The new systemctl command in Fedora 16 seems to horribly obscure any useful logging info. [root@host ~]# systemctl start httpd.service Job failed. See system logs and 'systemctl status' for details. [root@host ~]# systemctl status httpd.service httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server (prefork MPM) Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled) Active: failed since Thu, 21 Jun 2012 16:26:56 -0400; 1min 23s ago Process: 2119 ExecStop=/usr/sbin/httpd $OPTIONS -k stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 2215 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/httpd $OPTIONS -k start (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE) Main PID: 1062 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) CGroup: name=systemd:/system/httpd.service So the first command fails...and it tells me to run another command...which simply tells me that the command returned an error code. Where's the actual error? Even more frustrating is nothing seems to have been written to the logs: [root@host ~]# ls -lah /var/log/httpd/ total 8.0K drwx------. 2 root root 4.0K Jun 21 16:19 . drwxr-xr-x. 21 root root 4.0K Jun 20 16:33 .. -rw-r----- 1 root root 0 Jun 21 16:19 modsec_audit.log -rw-r----- 1 root root 0 Jun 21 16:19 modsec_debug.log

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• How can I avoid my web browser from redirecting to localhost using WAMP in Windows7?

  - by Josh

  I'm currently using Windows 7 with WAMP to try and work on some software, but my web browsers will not accept cookies from the "localhost" domain. I tried creating a few bogus domains in my hosts file by pointing them to 127.0.0.1 but when I type them in I am automatically redirected back to localhost. I have also configured virtualhosts in apache to correspond with the domains I added to the hosts file and it still redirects back to localhost. Is there anything special I must do on Windows 7 to get around this localhost redirect? Thanks for looking :) I'll include my host file here: # Copyright (c) 1993-2009 Microsoft Corp. # # This is a sample HOSTS file used by Microsoft TCP/IP for Windows. # # This file contains the mappings of IP addresses to host names. Each # entry should be kept on an individual line. The IP address should # be placed in the first column followed by the corresponding host name. # The IP address and the host name should be separated by at least one # space. # # Additionally, comments (such as these) may be inserted on individual # lines or following the machine name denoted by a '#' symbol. # # For example: # # 102.54.94.97 rhino.acme.com # source server # 38.25.63.10 x.acme.com # x client host # localhost name resolution is handled within DNS itself. # 127.0.0.1 localhost # ::1 localhost 127.0.0.1 magento.localhost.com www.localhost.com Thanks for looking :)

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• Freebsd jail for an small company - checklist - what shouldn't forget

  - by cajwine

  Looking for an checklist for an "small company freebsd/jail server". Having pretty common starting point: FreeBSD jail (remote/headless) for the company: public web, email, ftp server, and private (maybe in the future partially public) wiki (foswiki) 4 physical persons, (6 email addresses) + one admin - others will never use ssh) have already done usual hardening on the host side (like pf, sshguard etc). my major components are: dovecot, exim, apache22, proftpd, perl5.14. Looking for an checklist, what I shouldn't forget. My plan: openssl self-signed certificates for exim, dovecot and proftpd (wildcard keys) openssl self-signed certificate for apache (later will go for "trusted-signed" key) My questions are: is is an "good practice" having one pair of wildcard SSL-certificates for many programs? (exim, dovecot, proftpd) - or should I generate one key for each service? should I add all 4 persons as standard (unix) users, or I should go with virtual users? Asking because: have only small count of users, and it is more simple to configure everything (exim, dovecot) for local users ($HOME/Maildir), plus ability to set $HOME/.forward/vacation and etc. is here some (special) things what I should consider? (e.g. maybe, in the future we want setup our own webmail - will make this any difference?) any other recommendation? Thank you, hoping that this question fit into the http://serverfault.com/faq under the: Server and Business Workstation operating systems, hardware, software Operations, maintenance, and monitoring Looking for an checklist, but please explain why you're recommending it. See Good Subjective, Bad Subjective. related: What's your suggested mail server configuration for a FreeBSD server?

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• How to create a mysql database that can contain any character, also different languages

  - by Jakke

  I'm trying to create a database that has to contain articles in different languages. I'm using Mariadb as my server and I know bits of SQL. My knowledge doesn't really cover details like the differences between engines like MyISAM, InnoDB etc or character sets like utf8/16/32, latin 5/7/etc. I do know that the character set has importance, I guess what I'm looking for is an all-encompassing character set and an engine that best deals with this type of content. Also, is there an advantage in storing articles in multiple data rows (equivalent of different pages) to make things a little faster, or would you store a whole article in a single data row. Or does that depend on the size of the articles? Sorry for my noobish question, I know the information is all out on the internet but it would take me quite a long time to research and get a grip on everything. Would be cool if someone with experience could give me a little head start and point me in the right direction. This is for a intranet site, consider the content to be somewhat like a blog (and no, I don't want wordpress or something similar at this point). Not sure if it matters, but I tend to create and manipulate my tables with phpmyadmin, I use apache as web server and it all runs on Linux.

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• Want to send my neighbors to a certain website via DNS, but don't have a clue how. [closed]

  - by Akku

  My neighbors have an unsecured WIFI router, and over the administration web-UI of the router I could log in as there was no password set. I don't know which of my neighbors these are, and I'd like to configure their router in a way that they come to my website instead of Google and Facebook, where I set up a warning in german. It this page: http://www.abelssoft.de/liebenachbarn/ Basically, I just want to see if and how this is possible - I'm aware that I could just set the WiFi-password and have them call their network provider to reset the thing, but I really want to see if this could work, because it would be a way cooler effect :-). So this router interface doesn't allow custom redirects, only filters. BUT I can set the DNS that is used, so I thought there might be the possibility to set up a custom DNS on a server, set it as the main DNS and redirect from Google to the URL above. Is this possible? If so, please try to detail a way that I have to go though to achive this. Note that I'm not the super-Linux-skilled person, I have a dyndns account and a Windows machine it points to as well as an Apache+Tomcat if that helps. I could also set up virtual machines on the windows server and redirect to those using a different port. Or is there maybe a webservice that provides such custom DNS?

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• Am I able to forward traffic from an external subdomain to a specific local host?

  - by George Bowman

  I apologise in advance if the question doesn't make sense, please let me know. I've got a small LAN (~10 Virtual Servers) using Win Server 2008 as a DNS server. This is behind a smoothwall express 3.0 firewall with ports forwarded for specific services. I have a domain (123-reg) with the NS's that of afraid.org (DynamicDNS) and subdomains pointed to my (Dynamic) IP address e.g. subdomain1.example.com - 123.456.789.101. I think that adequately explains my set up. My question is, am I able to have subdomains e.g. subdomain1.example.com only point to a specific local host? Like so: subdomain1.example.com:80 - firewall(external facing) - server1.example.com:80 subdomain2.example.com:80 - firewall(external facing) - server2.example.com:80 I don't actually necessarily want to use port 80, otherwise I would just use VirtualHosts on apache, it is just an example port. Currently I can use either subdomain1.example.com OR subdomain2.example.com and they will both point to server1.example.com:80 I do not have to stay using Win Server 2008 for DNS, I am more than happy to move over to BIND if needs be, it was just easier to use Win Server 2008's DNS. I do not know if this is even possible, I have a feeling it isn't as I've only got one external IP address but any information is useful!

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• Trouble with port 80 nating (XenServer to WebServer VM)

  - by Lain92

  I have a rent server running XenServer 6.2 I only have 1 public IP so i did some NAT to redirect ports 22 and 80 to my WebServer VM. I have a problem with the port 80 redirection. When i use this redirection, i can get in the WebServer's Apache but this server lose Web access. I get this kind of error : W: Failed to fetch http://http.debian.net/debian/dists/wheezy/main/source/Sources 404 Not Found [IP: 46.4.205.44 80] but i can ping anywhere. XenserverIP:80 redirected to 10.0.0.2:80 (WebServer). This is the port 80 redirection part of my XenServer iptables : -A PREROUTING -i xenbr1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.0.0 .2:80 -A INPUT -i xenbr1 -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT COMMIT What is wrong in my configuration? Is there a problem with XenServer? Thanks for your help ! Edit : Here is my iptables full content : *nat :PREROUTING ACCEPT [51:4060] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [9:588] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [9:588] -A PREROUTING -p tcp -m tcp --dport 1234 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.0.0.2:22 -A PREROUTING -i xenbr1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.0.0 .2:80 -A POSTROUTING -s 10.0.0.0/255.255.255.0 -j MASQUERADE COMMIT *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [5434:4284996] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [5014:6004729] -A INPUT -i xenbr1 -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT COMMIT Update : I have a second server with 10.0.0.3 as IP and it has the same problem that 10.0.0.2 has.

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