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  • how to speed up the code??

    - by kaushik
    in my program i have a method which requires about 4 files to be open each time it is called,as i require to take some data.all this data from the file i have been storing in list for manupalation. I approximatily need to call this method about 10,000 times.which is making my program very slow? any method for handling this files in a better ways and is storing the whole data in list time consuming what is better alternatives for list? I can give some code,but my previous question was closed as that only confused everyone as it is a part of big program and need to be explained completely to understand,so i am not giving any code,please suggest ways thinking this as a general question... thanks in advance

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  • how to speed up the code??

    - by kaushik
    i have very huge code about 600 lines plus. cant post the whole thing here. but a particular code snippet is taking so much time,leading to problems. here i post that part of code please tell me what to do speed up the processing.. please suggest the part which may be the reason and measure to improve them if this small part of code is understandable. using_data={} def join_cost(a , b): global using_data #print a #print b save_a=[] save_b=[] print 1 #for i in range(len(m)): #if str(m[i][0])==str(a): save_a=database_index[a] #for i in range(len(m)): # if str(m[i][0])==str(b): #print 'save_a',save_a #print 'save_b',save_b print 2 save_b=database_index[b] using_data[save_a[0]]=save_a s=str(save_a[1]).replace('phone','text') s=str(s)+'.pm' p=os.path.join("c:/begpython/wavnk/",s) x=open(p , 'r') print 3 for i in range(6): x.readline() k2='a' j=0 o=[] while k2 is not '': k2=x.readline() k2=k2.rstrip('\n') oj=k2.split(' ') o=o+[oj] #print o[j] j=j+1 #print j #print o[2][0] temp=long(1232332) end_time=save_a[4] #print end_time k=(j-1) for i in range(k): diff=float(o[i][0])-float(end_time) if diff<0: diff=diff*(-1) if temp>diff: temp=diff pm_row=i #print pm_row #print temp #print o[pm_row] #pm_row=3 q=[] print 4 l=str(p).replace('.pm','.mcep') z=open(l ,'r') for i in range(pm_row): z.readline() k3=z.readline() k3=k3.rstrip('\n') q=k3.split(' ') #print q print 5 s=str(save_b[1]).replace('phone','text') s=str(s)+'.pm' p=os.path.join("c:/begpython/wavnk/",s) x=open(p , 'r') for i in range(6): x.readline() k2='a' j=0 o=[] while k2 is not '': k2=x.readline() k2=k2.rstrip('\n') oj=k2.split(' ') o=o+[oj] #print o[j] j=j+1 #print j #print o[2][0] temp=long(1232332) strt_time=save_b[3] #print strt_time k=(j-1) for i in range(k): diff=float(o[i][0])-float(strt_time) if diff<0: diff=diff*(-1) if temp>diff: temp=diff pm_row=i #print pm_row #print temp #print o[pm_row] #pm_row=3 w=[] l=str(p).replace('.pm','.mcep') z=open(l ,'r') for i in range(pm_row): z.readline() k3=z.readline() k3=k3.rstrip('\n') w=k3.split(' ') #print w cost=0 for i in range(12): #print q[i] #print w[i] h=float(q[i])-float(w[i]) cost=cost+math.pow(h,2) j_cost=math.sqrt(cost) #print cost return j_cost def target_cost(a , b): a=(b+1)*3 b=(a+1)*2 t_cost=(a+b)*5/2 return t_cost r1='shht:ra_77' r2='grx_18' g=[] nodes=[] nodes=nodes+[[r1]] for i in range(len(y_in_db_format)): g=y_in_db_format[i] #print g #print g[0] g.remove(str(g[0])) nodes=nodes+[g] nodes=nodes+[[r2]] print nodes print "lenght of nodes",len(nodes) lists=[] #lists=lists+[r1] for i in range(len(nodes)): for j in range(len(nodes[i])): lists=lists+[nodes[i][j]] #lists=lists+[r2] print lists distance={} for i in range(len(lists)): if i==0: distance[str(lists[i])]=0 else: distance[str(lists[i])]=long(123231223) #print distance group_dist=[] infinity=long(123232323) for i in range(len(nodes)): distances=[] for j in range(len(nodes[i])): #distances=[] if i==0: distances=distances+[[nodes[i][j], 0]] else: distances=distances+[[nodes[i][j],infinity]] group_dist=group_dist+[distances] #print distances print "group_distances",group_dist #print "check",group_dist[0][0][1] #costs={} #for i in range(len(lists)): #if i==0: # costs[str(lists[i])]=1 #else: # costs[str(lists[i])]=get_selfcost(lists[i]) path=[] for i in range(len(nodes)): mini=[] if i!=(len(nodes)-1): #temp=long(123234324) #Now calculate the cost between the current node and each of its neighbour for k in range(len(nodes[(i+1)])): for j in range(len(nodes[i])): current=nodes[i][j] #print "current_node",current j_distance=join_cost( current , nodes[i+1][k]) #t_distance=target_cost( current , nodes[i+1][k]) t_distance=34 #print distance #print "distance between current and neighbours",distance total_distance=(.5*(float(group_dist[i][j][1])+float(j_distance))+.5*(float(t_distance))) #print "total distance between the intial_nodes and current neighbour",total_distance if int(group_dist[i+1][k][1]) > int(total_distance): group_dist[i+1][k][1]=total_distance #print "updated distance",group_dist[i+1][k][1] a=current #print "the neighbour",nodes[i+1][k],"updated the value",a mini=mini+[[str(nodes[i+1][k]),a]] print mini

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  • pyInotify performance

    - by tranimatronic
    I have a very large directory tree I am wanting pyInotify to watch. Is it better to have pyInotify watch the entire tree or is it better to have a number of watches reporting changes to specific files ? Thanks

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  • Is multi-level polymorphism possible in SQLAlchemy?

    - by Jace
    Is it possible to have multi-level polymorphism in SQLAlchemy? Here's an example: class Entity(Base): __tablename__ = 'entities' id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) created_at = Column(DateTime, default=datetime.utcnow, nullable=False) entity_type = Column(Unicode(20), nullable=False) __mapper_args__ = {'polymorphic_on': entity_type} class File(Entity): __tablename__ = 'files' id = Column(None, ForeignKey('entities.id'), primary_key=True) filepath = Column(Unicode(255), nullable=False) file_type = Column(Unicode(20), nullable=False) __mapper_args__ = {'polymorphic_identity': u'file', 'polymorphic_on': file_type) class Image(File): __mapper_args__ = {'polymorphic_identity': u'image'} __tablename__ = 'images' id = Column(None, ForeignKey('files.id'), primary_key=True) width = Column(Integer) height = Column(Integer) When I call Base.metadata.create_all(), SQLAlchemy raises the following error: NotImplementedError: Can't generate DDL for the null type IntegrityError: (IntegrityError) entities.entity_type may not be NULL. This error goes away if I remove the Image model and the polymorphic_on key in File. What gives? (Edited: the exception raised was wrong.)

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  • How do I relate two models/tables in Django based on non primary non unique keys?

    - by wizard
    I've got two tables that I need to relate on a single field po_num. The data is imported from another source so while I have a little bit of control over what the tables look like but I can't change them too much. What I want to do is relate these two models so I can look up one from the other based on the po_num fields. What I really need to do is join the two tables so I can do a where on a count of the related table. I would like to do filter for all Order objects that have 0 related EDI856 objects. I tried adding a foreign key to the Order model and specified the db_column and to_fields as po_num but django didn't like that the fact that Edi856.po_num wasn't unique. Here are the important fields of my current models that let me display but not filter for the data that I want. class Edi856(models.Model): po_num = models.CharField(max_length=90, db_index=True ) class Order(models.Model): po_num = models.CharField(max_length=90, db_index=True) def in_edi(self): '''Has the edi been processed?''' return Edi856.objects.filter(po_num = self.po_num).count() Thanks for taking the time to read about my problem. I'm not sure what to do from here.

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  • Inlines in Django Admin

    - by Oli
    I have two models, Order and UserProfile. Each Order has a ForeignKey to UserProfile, to associate it with that user. On the django admin page for each Order, I'd like to display the UserProfile associated with it, for easy processing of information. I have tried inlines: class UserInline(admin.TabularInline): model = UserProfile class ValuationRequestAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('address1', 'address2', 'town', 'date_added') list_filter = ('town', 'date_added') ordering = ('-date_updated',) inlines = [ UserInline, ] But it complains that UserProfile "has no ForeignKey to" Order - which it doesn't, it's the other way around. Is there a way to do what I want?

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  • Infinite loop when adding a row to a list in a class in python3

    - by Margaret
    I have a script which contains two classes. (I'm obviously deleting a lot of stuff that I don't believe is relevant to the error I'm dealing with.) The eventual task is to create a decision tree, as I mentioned in this question. Unfortunately, I'm getting an infinite loop, and I'm having difficulty identifying why. I've identified the line of code that's going haywire, but I would have thought the iterator and the list I'm adding to would be different objects. Is there some side effect of list's .append functionality that I'm not aware of? Or am I making some other blindingly obvious mistake? class Dataset: individuals = [] #Becomes a list of dictionaries, in which each dictionary is a row from the CSV with the headers as keys def field_set(self): #Returns a list of the fields in individuals[] that can be used to split the data (i.e. have more than one value amongst the individuals def classified(self, predicted_value): #Returns True if all the individuals have the same value for predicted_value def fields_exhausted(self, predicted_value): #Returns True if all the individuals are identical except for predicted_value def lowest_entropy_value(self, predicted_value): #Returns the field that will reduce <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy_%28information_theory%29">entropy</a> the most def __init__(self, individuals=[]): and class Node: ds = Dataset() #The data that is associated with this Node links = [] #List of Nodes, the offspring Nodes of this node level = 0 #Tree depth of this Node split_value = '' #Field used to split out this Node from the parent node node_value = '' #Value used to split out this Node from the parent Node def split_dataset(self, split_value): fields = [] #List of options for split_value amongst the individuals datasets = {} #Dictionary of Datasets, each one with a value from fields[] as its key for field in self.ds.field_set()[split_value]: #Populates the keys of fields[] fields.append(field) datasets[field] = Dataset() for i in self.ds.individuals: #Adds individuals to the datasets.dataset that matches their result for split_value datasets[i[split_value]].individuals.append(i) #<---Causes an infinite loop on the second hit for field in fields: #Creates subnodes from each of the datasets.Dataset options self.add_subnode(datasets[field],split_value,field) def add_subnode(self, dataset, split_value='', node_value=''): def __init__(self, level, dataset=Dataset()): My initialisation code is currently: if __name__ == '__main__': filename = (sys.argv[1]) #Takes in a CSV file predicted_value = "# class" #Identifies the field from the CSV file that should be predicted base_dataset = parse_csv(filename) #Turns the CSV file into a list of lists parsed_dataset = individual_list(base_dataset) #Turns the list of lists into a list of dictionaries root = Node(0, Dataset(parsed_dataset)) #Creates a root node, passing it the full dataset root.split_dataset(root.ds.lowest_entropy_value(predicted_value)) #Performs the first split, creating multiple subnodes n = root.links[0] n.split_dataset(n.ds.lowest_entropy_value(predicted_value)) #Attempts to split the first subnode.

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  • How can I load a sql "dump" file into sql alchemy

    - by JudoWill
    I have a large sql dump file ... with multiple CREATE TABLE and INSERT INTO statements. Is there any way to load these all into a SQLAlchemy sqlite database at once. I plan to use the introspected ORM from sqlsoup after I've created the tables. However, when I use the engine.execute() method it complains: sqlite3.Warning: You can only execute one statement at a time. Is there a way to work around this issue. Perhaps splitting the file with a regexp or some kind of parser, but I don't know enough SQL to get all of the cases for the regexp. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Will EDIT: Since this seems important ... The dump file was created with a MySQL database and so it has quite a few commands/syntax that sqlite3 does not understand correctly.

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  • Am I mocking this helper function right in my Django test?

    - by CppLearner
    lib.py from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse def render_reverse(f, kwargs): """ kwargs is a dictionary, usually of the form {'args': [cbid]} """ return reverse(f, **kwargs) tests.py from lib import render_reverse, print_ls class LibTest(unittest.TestCase): def test_render_reverse_is_correct(self): #with patch('webclient.apps.codebundles.lib.reverse') as mock_reverse: with patch('django.core.urlresolvers.reverse') as mock_reverse: from lib import render_reverse mock_f = MagicMock(name='f', return_value='dummy_views') mock_kwargs = MagicMock(name='kwargs',return_value={'args':['123']}) mock_reverse.return_value = '/natrium/cb/details/123' response = render_reverse(mock_f(), mock_kwargs()) self.assertTrue('/natrium/cb/details/' in response) But instead, I get File "/var/lib/graphyte-webclient/graphyte-webenv/lib/python2.6/site-packages/django/core/urlresolvers.py", line 296, in reverse "arguments '%s' not found." % (lookup_view_s, args, kwargs)) NoReverseMatch: Reverse for 'dummy_readfile' with arguments '('123',)' and keyword arguments '{}' not found. Why is it calling reverse instead of my mock_reverse (it is looking up my urls.py!!) The author of Mock library Michael Foord did a video cast here (around 9:17), and in the example he passed the mock object request to the view function index. Furthermore, he patched POll and assigned an expected return value. Isn't that what I am doing here? I patched reverse? Thanks.

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  • Refactoring code/consolidating functions (e.g. nested for-loop order)

    - by bmay2
    Just a little background: I'm making a program where a user inputs a skeleton text, two numbers (lower and upper limit), and a list of words. The outputs are a series of modifications on the skeleton text. Sample inputs: text = "Player # likes @." (replace # with inputted integers and @ with words in list) lower = 1 upper = 3 list = "apples, bananas, oranges" The user can choose to iterate over numbers first: Player 1 likes apples. Player 2 likes apples. Player 3 likes apples. Or words first: Player 1 likes apples. Player 1 likes bananas. Player 1 likes oranges. I chose to split these two methods of outputs by creating a different type of dictionary based on either number keys (integers inputted by the user) or word keys (from words in the inputted list) and then later iterating over the values in the dictionary. Here are the two types of dictionary creation: def numkey(dict): # {1: ['Player 1 likes apples', 'Player 1 likes...' ] } text, lower, upper, list = input_sort(dict) d = {} for num in range(lower,upper+1): l = [] for i in list: l.append(text.replace('#', str(num)).replace('@', i)) d[num] = l return d def wordkey(dict): # {'apples': ['Player 1 likes apples', 'Player 2 likes apples'..] } text, lower, upper, list = input_sort(dict) d = {} for i in list: l = [] for num in range(lower,upper+1): l.append(text.replace('#', str(num)).replace('@', i)) d[i] = l return d It's fine that I have two separate functions for creating different types of dictionaries but I see a lot of repetition between the two. Is there any way I could make one dictionary function and pass in different values to it that would change the order of the nested for loops to create the specific {key : value} pairs I'm looking for? I'm not sure how this would be done. Is there anything related to functional programming or other paradigms that might help with this? The question is a little abstract and more stylistic/design-oriented than anything.

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  • Reading path in templates

    - by DJPython
    Hello, is it any way to read path to current page? For example, I am at www.example.com/foo/bar/ - and I want to read '/foo/bar/'. But, all have to be done in template file without modyficating views. I have to many view files to edit each one. Sorry for my english, hope everyone understand. Cheers.

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  • Assigning a material in Blender with a script

    - by Narcolapser
    Question: How do you assign a material with a script to an object in blender? Info: I have this script to import a proprietary model type of mine that is basically a star map with object consisting of a single vertex. in order to make them look like stars and be visible they are all going to have a halo material assigned to them. I'm figuring out how to make this material and give it the values just fine, but I can't seem to get it to assign. I tried the most obvious thing which was: objectName.setMaterial(materialName) but that did nothing. and when i would take an object that had a material and call the getMaterial function on it, it would return nothing. there is something I'm missing here, can some one shed some light on it? Thanks. ~TA

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  • csrf error in django

    - by niklasfi
    Hello, I want to realize a login for my site. I basically copied and pasted the following bits from the Django Book together. However I still get an error (CSRF verification failed. Request aborted.), when submitting my registration form. Can somebody tell my what raised this error and how to fix it? Here is my code: views.py: # Create your views here. from django import forms from django.contrib.auth.forms import UserCreationForm from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect from django.shortcuts import render_to_response def register(request): if request.method == 'POST': form = UserCreationForm(request.POST) if form.is_valid(): new_user = form.save() return HttpResponseRedirect("/books/") else: form = UserCreationForm() return render_to_response("registration/register.html", { 'form': form, }) register.html: <html> <body> {% block title %}Create an account{% endblock %} {% block content %} <h1>Create an account</h1> <form action="" method="post">{% csrf_token %} {{ form.as_p }} <input type="submit" value="Create the account"> </form> {% endblock %} </body> </html>

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  • Django - foreignkey problem

    - by realshadow
    Hey, Imagine you have this model: class Category(models.Model): node_id = models.IntegerField(primary_key = True) type_id = models.IntegerField(max_length = 20) parent_id = models.IntegerField(max_length = 20) sort_order = models.IntegerField(max_length = 20) name = models.CharField(max_length = 45) lft = models.IntegerField(max_length = 20) rgt = models.IntegerField(max_length = 20) depth = models.IntegerField(max_length = 20) added_on = models.DateTimeField(auto_now = True) updated_on = models.DateTimeField(auto_now = True) status = models.IntegerField(max_length = 20) node = models.ForeignKey(Category_info, verbose_name = 'Category_info', to_field = 'node_id' The important part is the foreignkey. When I try: Category.objects.filter(type_id = type_g.type_id, parent_id = offset, status = 1) I get an error that get returned more than category, which is fine, because it is supposed to return more than one. But I want to filter the results trough another field, which would be type id (from the second Model) Here it is: class Category_info(models.Model): objtree_label_id = models.AutoField(primary_key = True) node_id = models.IntegerField(unique = True) language_id = models.IntegerField() label = models.CharField(max_length = 255) type_id = models.IntegerField() The type_id can be any number from 1 - 5. I am desparately trying to get only one result where the type_id would be number 1. Here is what I want in sql: SELECT n.*, l.* FROM objtree_nodes n JOIN objtree_labels l ON (n.node_id = l.node_id) WHERE n.type_id = 15 AND n.parent_id = 50 AND l.type_id = 1 Any help is GREATLY appreciated. Regards

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  • Efficiently generate a 16-character, alphanumeric string

    - by ensnare
    I'm looking for a very quick way to generate an alphanumeric unique id for a primary key in a table. Would something like this work? def genKey(): hash = hashlib.md5(RANDOM_NUMBER).digest().encode("base64") alnum_hash = re.sub(r'[^a-zA-Z0-9]', "", hash) return alnum_hash[:16] What would be a good way to generate random numbers? If I base it on microtime, I have to account for the possibility of several calls of genKey() at the same time from different instances. Or is there a better way to do all this? Thanks.

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  • Use Regular expression with fileinput

    - by chrissygormley
    Hello, I am trying to replace a variable stored in another file using regular expression. The code I have tried is: r = re.compile(r"self\.uid\s*=\s*('\w{12})'") for line in fileinput.input(['file.py'], inplace=True): print line.replace(r.match(line), sys.argv[1]), The format of the variable in the file is: self.uid = '027FC8EBC2D1' I am trying to pass in a parameter in this format and use regular expression to verify that the sys.argv[1] is correct format and to find the variable stored in this file and replace it with the new variable. Can anyone help. Thanks for the help.

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  • Which is faster??

    - by kaki
    is opening a large file once reading it completely once to list faster (or) opening smaller files whose total sum of size is equal to large file and loading smaller file into list manupalating one by one faster? which is faster?? is the difference is time large enough to impact my program?? total time difference of lesser then of 30 sec is negligible for me

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  • How to repeatedly show a Dialog with PyGTK / Gtkbuilder?

    - by Julian
    I have created a PyGTK application that shows a Dialog when the user presses a button. The dialog is loaded in my __init__ method with: builder = gtk.Builder() builder.add_from_file("filename") builder.connect_signals(self) self.myDialog = builder.get_object("dialog_name") In the event handler, the dialog is shown with the command self.myDialog.run(), but this only works once, because after run() the dialog is automatically destroyed. If I click the button a second time, the application crashes. I read that there is a way to use show() instead of run() where the dialog is not destroyed, but I feel like this is not the right way for me because I would like the dialog to behave modally and to return control to the code only after the user has closed it. Is there a simple way to repeatedly show a dialog using the run() method using gtkbuilder? I tried reloading the whole dialog using the gtkbuilder, but that did not really seem to work, the dialog was missing all child elements (and I would prefer to have to use the builder only once, at the beginning of the program). [SOLUTION] As pointed out by the answer below, using hide() does the trick. But one has to take care that the dialog is in fact destroyed if one does not catch its "delete-event". A simple example that works is: import pygtk import gtk class DialogTest: def rundialog(self, widget, data=None): self.dia.show_all() result = self.dia.run() def destroy(self, widget, data=None): gtk.main_quit() def closedialog(self, widget, data=None): self.dia.hide() return True def __init__(self): self.window = gtk.Window(gtk.WINDOW_TOPLEVEL) self.window.connect("destroy", self.destroy) self.dia = gtk.Dialog('TEST DIALOG', self.window, gtk.DIALOG_MODAL | gtk.DIALOG_DESTROY_WITH_PARENT) self.dia.vbox.pack_start(gtk.Label('This is just a Test')) self.dia.connect("delete-event", self.closedialog) self.button = gtk.Button("Run Dialog") self.button.connect("clicked", self.rundialog, None) self.window.add(self.button) self.button.show() self.window.show() if __name__ == "__main__": testApp = DialogTest() gtk.main()

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  • Accessing CSR extension stack in M2Crypto

    - by Charles Duffy
    Howdy! I have a certificate signing request with an extension stack added. When building a certificate based on this request, I would like to be able to access that stack to use in creating the final certificate. However, while M2Crypto.X509.X509 has a number of helpers for accessing extensions (get_ext, get_ext_at and the like), M2Crypto.X509.Request appears to provide only a member for adding extensions, but no way to inspect the extensions already associated with a given object. Am I missing something here?

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  • How to generate lots of redundant ajax elements like checkboxes and pulldowns in Django?

    - by iJames
    Hello folks. I've been getting lots of answers from stackoverflow now that I'm in Django just be searching. Now I hope my question will also create some value for everybody. In choosing Django, I was hoping there was some similar mechanism to the way you can do partials in ROR. This was going to help me in two ways. One was in generating repeating indexed forms or form elements, and also in rendering only a piece of the page on the round trip. I've done a little bit of that by using taconite with a simple URL click but now I'm trying to get more advanced. This will focus on the form issue which boils down to how to iterate over a secondary object. If I have a list of photo instances, each of which has a couple of parameters, let's say a size and a quantity. I want to generate form elements for each photo instance separately. But then I have two lists I want to iterate on at the same time. Context: photos : Photo.objects.all() and forms = {} for photo in photos: forms[photo.id] = PhotoForm() In other words we've got a list of photo objects and a dict of forms based on the photo.id. Here's an abstraction of the template: {% for photo in photos %} {% include "photoview.html" %} {% comment %} So here I want to use the photo.id as an index to get the correct form. So that each photo has its own form. I would want to have a different action and each form field would be unique. Is that possible? How can I iterate on that? Thanks! {% endcomment %} Quantity: {{ oi.quantity }} {{ form.quantity }} Dimensions: {{ oi.size }} {{ form.size }} {% endfor %} What can I do about this simple case. And how can I make it where every control is automatically updating the server instead of using a form at all? Thanks! James

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