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  • How to make a model instance read-only after saving it once?

    - by Ryszard Szopa
    One of the functionalities in a Django project I am writing is sending a newsletter. I have a model, Newsletter and a function, send_newsletter, which I have registered to listen to Newsletter's post_save signal. When the newsletter object is saved via the admin interface, send_newsletter checks if created is True, and if yes it actually sends the mail. However, it doesn't make much sense to edit a newsletter that has already been sent, for the obvious reasons. Is there a way of making the Newsletter object read-only once it has been saved? Edit: I know I can override the save method of the object to raise an error or do nothin if the object existed. However, I don't see the point of doing that. As for the former, I don't know where to catch that error and how to communicate the user the fact that the object wasn't saved. As for the latter, giving the user false feedback (the admin interface saying that the save succeded) doesn't seem like a Good Thing. What I really want is allow the user to use the Admin interface to write the newsletter and send it, and then browse the newsletters that have already been sent. I would like the admin interface to show the data for sent newsletters in an non-editable input box, without the "Save" button. Alternatively I would like the "Save" button to be inactive.

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  • Unbuffered subprocess output (last line missing)

    - by plok
    I must be overlooking something terribly obvious. I need to execute a C program, display its output in real time and finally parse its last line, which should be straightforward as the last line printed is always the same. process = subprocess.Popen(args, shell = True, stdout = subprocess.PIPE, stderr = subprocess.PIPE) # None indicates that the process hasn't terminated yet. while process.poll() is None: # Always save the last non-emtpy line that was output by the child # process, as it will write an empty line when closing its stdout. out = process.stdout.readline() if out: last_non_empty_line = out if verbose: sys.stdout.write(out) sys.stdout.flush() # Parse 'out' here... Once in a while, however, the last line is not printed. The default value for Popens's bufsize is 0, so it is supposed to be unbuffered. I have also tried, to no avail, adding fflush(stdout) to the C code just before exiting, but it seems that there is absolutely no need to flush a stream before exiting a program. Ideas anyone?

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  • How I can get rid of None values in dictionary?

    - by Vojtech R.
    Something like: for (a,b) in kwargs.iteritems(): if not b : del kwargs[a] This code raise exception because changing of dictionary when iterating. I discover only non pretty solution with another dictionary: res ={} res.update((a,b) for a,b in kwargs.iteritems() if b is not None) Thanks

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  • How to add legend to imshow() in matplotlib

    - by rankthefirst
    I am using matplotlib In plot() or bar(), we can easily put legend, if we add labels to them. but what if it is a contourf() or imshow() I know there is a colorbar() which can present the color range, but it is not satisfied. I want such a legend which have names(labels). For what I can think of is that, add labels to each element in the matrix, then ,try legend(), to see if it works, but how to add label to the element, like a value?? in my case, the raw data is like: 1,2,3,3,4 2,3,4,4,5 1,1,1,2,2 for example, 1 represents 'grass', 2 represents 'sand', 3 represents 'hill'... and so on. imshow() works perfectly with my case, but without the legend. my question is: Is there a function that can automatically add legend, for example, in my case, I just have to do like this: someFunction('grass','sand',...) If there isn't, how do I add labels to each value in the matrix. For example, label all the 1 in the matrix 'grass', labell all the 2 in the matrix 'sand'...and so on. Thank you!

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  • Can't run os.system command in Django?

    - by danspants
    We have a Django app running on apache server (mod_python) on a windows machine which needs to call some r scripts. To do so it would be easiest to call r through os.system, however when django gets to the os.system command it freezes up. I've also tried subprocess with the same result. We have a possibly related problem in that Django can only access the file system of the machine it's on, all network drives appear to be invisible to it, which is VERY frustrating. Any ideas on both of these issues (I'm assuming it's the same limitation in both instances) would be most appreciated.

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  • How to customize pickle for django model objects

    - by muudscope
    I need to pickle a complex object that refers to django model objects. The standard pickling process stores a denormalized object in the pickle. So if the object changes on the database between pickling and unpickling, the model is now out of date. (I know this is true with in-memory objects too, but the pickling is a convenient time to address it.) So what I'd like is a way to not pickle the full django model object. Instead just store its class and id, and re-fetch the contents from the database on load. Can I specify a custom pickle method for this class? I'm happy to write a wrapper class around the django model to handle the lazy fetching from db, if there's a way to do the pickling.

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  • How to Convert multiple sets of Data going from left to right to top to bottom the Pythonic way?

    - by ThinkCode
    Following is a sample of sets of contacts for each company going from left to right. ID Company ContactFirst1 ContactLast1 Title1 Email1 ContactFirst2 ContactLast2 Title2 Email2 1 ABC John Doe CEO [email protected] Steve Bern CIO [email protected] How do I get them to go top to bottom as shown? ID Company Contactfirst ContactLast Title Email 1 ABC John Doe CEO [email protected] 1 ABC Steve Bern CIO [email protected] I am hoping there is a Pythonic way of solving this task. Any pointers or samples are really appreciated! p.s : In the actual file, there are 10 sets of contacts going from left to right and there are few thousand such records. It is a CSV file and I loaded into MySQL to manipulate the data.

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  • Clear all class variables between instances

    - by ensnare
    This is probably a stupid question, but what's the best way to clear class variables between instances? I know I could reset each variable individually in the constructor; but is there a way to do this in bulk? Or am I doing something totally wrong that requires a different approach? Thanks for helping ... class User(): def __init__(self): #RESET ALL CLASS VARIABLES def commit(self): #Commit variables to database >>u = User() >>u.name = 'Jason' >>u.email = '[email protected]' >>u.commit() So that each time User is called the variables are fresh. Thanks.

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  • xlwt data garbled

    - by zhangzhong
    I retrieve the data of chinese characters from DB and write the data into excel by xlwt, code as below: ws0.write(unicode(cell, 'big5')) It is ok under Windows, but when I deloyed it under Linux, the data in excel garbled, Could you help to do with it?

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  • Django : presenting a form very different from the model and with multiple field values in a Django-

    - by sebpiq
    Hi ! I'm currently doing a firewall management application for Django, here's the (simplified) model : class Port(models.Model): number = models.PositiveIntegerField(primary_key=True) application = models.CharField(max_length=16, blank=True) class Rule(models.Model): port = models.ForeignKey(Port) ip_source = models.IPAddressField() ip_mask = models.IntegerField(validators=[MaxValueValidator(32)]) machine = models.ForeignKey("vmm.machine") What I would like to do, however, is to display to the user a form for entering rules, but with a very different organization than the model : Port 80 O Not open O Everywhere O Specific addresses : --------- delete field --------- delete field + add address field Port 443 ... etc Where Not open means that there is no rule for the given port, Everywhere means that there is only ONE rule (0.0.0.0/0) for the given port, and with specific addresses, you can add as many addresses as you want (I did this with JQuery), which will make as many rules. Now I did a version completely "handmade", meaning that I create the forms entirely in my templates, set input names with a prefix, and parse all the POSTed stuff in my view (which is quite painful, and means that there's no point in using a web framework). I also have a class which aggregates the rules together to easily pre-fill the forms with the informations "not open, everywhere, ...". I'm passing a list of those to the template, therefore it acts as an interface between my model and my "handmade" form : class MachinePort(object): def __init__(self, machine, port): self.machine = machine self.port = port @property def fully_open(self): for rule in self.port.rule_set.filter(machine=self.machine): if ipaddr.IPv4Network("%s/%s" % (rule.ip_source, rule.ip_mask)) == ipaddr.IPv4Network("0.0.0.0/0"): return True else : return False @property def partly_open(self): return bool(self.port.rule_set.filter(machine=self.machine)) and not self.fully_open @property def not_open(self): return not self.partly_open and not self.fully_open But all this is rather ugly ! Do anyone of you know if there is a classy way to do this ? In particular with the form... I don't know how to have a form that can have an undefined number of fields, neither how to transform these fields into Rule objects (because all the rule fields would have to be gathered from the form), neither how to save multiple objects... Well I could try to hack into the Form class, but seems like too much work for such a special case. Is there any nice feature I'm missing ?

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  • Comparing two large sets of attributes

    - by andyashton
    Suppose you have a Django view that has two functions: The first function renders some XML using a XSLT stylesheet and produces a div with 1000 subelements like this: <div id="myText"> <p id="p1"><a class="note-p1" href="#" style="display:none" target="bot">?</a></strong>Lorem ipsum</p> <p id="p2"><a class="note-p2" href="#" style="display:none" target="bot">?</a></strong>Foo bar</p> <p id="p3"><a class="note-p3" href="#" style="display:none" target="bot">?</a></strong>Chocolate peanut butter</p> (etc for 1000 lines) <p id="p1000"><a class="note-p1000" href="#" style="display:none" target="bot">?</a></strong>Go Yankees!</p> </div> The second function renders another XML document using another stylesheet to produce a div like this: <div id="myNotes"> <p id="n1"><cite class="note-p1"><sup>1</sup><span>Trololo</span></cite></p> <p id="n2"><cite class="note-p1"><sup>2</sup><span>Trololo</span></cite></p> <p id="n3"><cite class="note-p2"><sup>3</sup><span>lololo</span></cite></p> (etc for n lines) <p id="n"><cite class="note-p885"><sup>n</sup><span>lololo</span></cite></p> </div> I need to see which elements in #myText have classes that match elements in #myNotes, and display them. I can do this using the following jQuery: $('#myText').find('a').each(function() { var $anchor = $(this); $('#myNotes').find('cite').each(function() { if($(this).attr('class') == $anchor.attr('class')) { $anchor.show(); }); }); However this is incredibly slow and inefficient for a large number of comparisons. What is the fastest/most efficient way to do this - is there a jQuery/js method that is reasonable for a large number of items? Or do I need to reengineer the Django code to do the work before passing it to the template?

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  • Beautifulsoup recursive attribute

    - by Marcos Placona
    Hi, trying to parse an XML with Beautifulsoup, but hit a brick wall when trying to use the "recursive" attribute with findall() I have a pretty odd xml format shown below: <?xml version="1.0"?> <catalog> <book id="bk101"> <author>Gambardella, Matthew</author> <title>XML Developer's Guide</title> <genre>Computer</genre> <price>44.95</price> <publish_date>2000-10-01</publish_date> <description>An in-depth look at creating applications with XML.</description> <catalog>true</catalog> </book> <book id="bk102"> <author>Ralls, Kim</author> <title>Midnight Rain</title> <genre>Fantasy</genre> <price>5.95</price> <publish_date>2000-12-16</publish_date> <description>A former architect battles corporate zombies, an evil sorceress, and her own childhood to become queen of the world.</description> <catalog>false</catalog> </book> </catalog> As you can see, the catalog tag repeats inside the book tag, which causes an error when I try to to something like: from BeautifulSoup import BeautifulStoneSoup as BSS catalog = "catalog.xml" def open_rss(): f = open(catalog, 'r') return f.read() def rss_parser(): rss_contents = open_rss() soup = BSS(rss_contents) items = soup.findAll('catalog', recursive=False) for item in items: print item.title.string rss_parser() As you will see, on my soup.findAll I've added recursive=false, which in theory would make it no recurse through the item found, but skip to the next one. This doesn't seem to work, as I always get the following error: File "catalog.py", line 17, in rss_parser print item.title.string AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'string' I'm sure I'm doing something stupid here, and would appreciate if someone could give me some help on how to solve this problem. Changing the HTML structure is not an option, this this code needs to perform well as it will potentially parse a large XML file. Thanks in advance, Marcos

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  • GAE modeling relationship options

    - by Sway
    Hi there, I need to model the following situation and I can't seem to find a consistent example on how to do it "correctly" for the google app engine. Suppose I've got a simple situation like the following: [Company] 1 ----- M [Stare] A company has one to many stores. Each store has an address made up of a address line 1, city, state, country, postcode etc. Ok. Lets say we need to create say an "Audit". An Audit is for a company and can be across one to many stares. So something like: [Audit] 1 ------ 1 [Company] 1 ------ M [Store] Now we need to query all of the "audits" based on the Store "addresses" in order to send the "Auditors" to the right locations. There seem to be numerous articles like this one: http://code.google.com/appengine/articles/modeling.html Which give examples of creating a "ContactCompany" model class. However they also say that you should use this kind of relationship only when you "really need to" and with "care" for performance. I've also read - frequently - that you should denormalize as much as possible thereby moving all of the "query-able" data into the Audit class. So what would you suggest as the best way to solve this? I've seen that there is an Expando class but I'm not sure if that is the "best" option for this. Any help or thoughts on this would be totally appreciated. Thanks in advance, Matt

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  • strange SqlAlchemy update behaviour

    - by Max
    I'm new to SqlAlchemy and Elixir, so I've started from tutorial and tried to create table, insert a record, and then update it as follows: #'elixir_test.py' from elixir import * metadata.bind = "postgresql://myuser:mypwd@localhost:5432/dbname" metadata.bind.echo = True class Movie(Entity): title = Field(Unicode(30)) year = Field(Integer) description = Field(UnicodeText) def __repr__(self): return '<Movie "%s" (%d)>' % (self.title, self.year) and in another file in the same directory: from elixir_test import * setup_all() #create table create_all() Movie(title=u"Blade Runner", year=1982) #add record session.commit() #get records Movie.query.all() #trying to update record and commit changes, BUT... movie = Movie.query.first() movie.year = 1983 session.commit() #now we have two records in our table, one #with year=1982 and one with year=1983 Movie.query.all() What did I missed?

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  • Hide deprecated methods from tab completion

    - by Morgoth
    I would like to control which methods appear when a user uses tab-completion on a custom object in ipython - in particular, I want to hide functions that I have deprecated. I still want these methods to be callable, but I don't want users to see them and start using them if they are inspecting the object. Is this something that is possible?

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  • How to limit traffic using multicast over localhost

    - by Shane Holloway
    I'm using multicast UDP over localhost to implement a loose collection of cooperative programs running on a single machine. The following code works well on Mac OSX, Windows and linux. The flaw is that the code will receive UDP packets outside of the localhost network as well. For example, sendSock.sendto(pkt, ('192.168.0.25', 1600)) is received by my test machine when sent from another box on my network. import platform, time, socket, select addr = ("239.255.2.9", 1600) sendSock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, socket.IPPROTO_UDP) sendSock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP, socket.IP_MULTICAST_TTL, 24) sendSock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP, socket.IP_MULTICAST_IF, socket.inet_aton("127.0.0.1")) recvSock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM, socket.IPPROTO_UDP) recvSock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, True) if hasattr(socket, 'SO_REUSEPORT'): recvSock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEPORT, True) recvSock.bind(("0.0.0.0", addr[1])) status = recvSock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_IP, socket.IP_ADD_MEMBERSHIP, socket.inet_aton(addr[0]) + socket.inet_aton("127.0.0.1")); while 1: pkt = "Hello host: {1} time: {0}".format(time.ctime(), platform.node()) print "SEND to: {0} data: {1}".format(addr, pkt) r = sendSock.sendto(pkt, addr) while select.select([recvSock], [], [], 0)[0]: data, fromAddr = recvSock.recvfrom(1024) print "RECV from: {0} data: {1}".format(fromAddr, data) time.sleep(2) I've attempted to recvSock.bind(("127.0.0.1", addr[1])), but that prevents the socket from receiving any multicast traffic. Is there a proper way to configure recvSock to only accept multicast packets from the 127/24 network, or do I need to test the address of each received packet?

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  • Add fields to Django ModelForm that aren't in the model

    - by Cyclic
    I have a model that looks like: class MySchedule(models.Model): start_datetime=models.DateTimeField() name=models.CharField('Name',max_length=75) With it comes its ModelForm: class MyScheduleForm(forms.ModelForm): startdate=forms.DateField() starthour=forms.ChoiceField(choices=((6,"6am"),(7,"7am"),(8,"8am"),(9,"9am"),(10,"10am"),(11,"11am"), (12,"noon"),(13,"1pm"),(14,"2pm"),(15,"3pm"),(16,"4pm"),(17,"5pm"), (18,"6pm" startminute=forms.ChoiceField(choices=((0,":00"),(15,":15"),(30,":30"),(45,":45")))),(19,"7pm"),(20,"8pm"),(21,"9pm"),(22,"10pm"),(23,"11pm"))) class Meta: model=MySchedule def clean(self): starttime=time(int(self.cleaned_data.get('starthour')),int(self.cleaned_data.get('startminute'))) return self.cleaned_data try: self.instance.start_datetime=datetime.combine(self.cleaned_data.get("startdate"),starttime) except TypeError: raise forms.ValidationError("There's a problem with your start or end date") Basically, I'm trying to break the DateTime field in the model into 3 more easily usable form fields -- a date picker, an hour dropdown, and a minute dropdown. Then, once I've gotten the three inputs, I reassemble them into a DateTime and save it to the model. A few questions: 1) Is this totally the wrong way to go about doing it? I don't want to create fields in the model for hours, minutes, etc, since that's all basically just intermediary data, so I'd like a way to break the DateTime field into sub-fields. 2) The difficulty I'm running into is when the startdate field is blank -- it seems like it never gets checked for non-blankness, and just ends up throwing up a TypeError later when the program expects a date and gets None. Where does Django check for blank inputs, and raise the error that eventually goes back to the form? Is this my responsibility? If so, how do I do it, since it doesn't evaluate clean_startdate() since startdate isn't in the model. 3) Is there some better way to do this with inheritance? Perhaps inherit the MyScheduleForm in BetterScheduleForm and add the fields there? How would I do this? (I've been playing around with it for over an hours and can't seem to get it) Thanks! [Edit:] Left off the return self.cleaned_data -- lost it in the copy/paste originally

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  • Avoiding thumbnail name collisions with sorl-thumbnail

    - by Owen Nelson
    Understanding that I should probably just dig into the source to come up with a solution, I'm wondering if anyone has come up with a tactic for dealing with this. In my project, I have a lot of images being generated outside of the application. I'm isolating them on the filesystem based on a model's pk. For example, a model instance with a pk of 121 might have the following images: .../thumbs/1/2/1/img.1.jpg .../thumbs/1/2/1/img.2.jpg ... .../thumbs/1/2/1/img.27.jpg Since the image filenames themselves are not guaranteed to be unique, I'm looking for a way to inform sorl (at runtime) that I'd like to prefix thumbs for this model with the instance pk value. Is this even possible without patching sorl?

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  • BioPython: extracting sequence IDs from a Blast output file

    - by Jon
    Hi, I have a BLAST output file in XML format. It is 22 query sequences with 50 hits reported from each sequence. And I want to extract all the 50x22 hits. This is the code I currently have, but it only extracts the 50 hits from the first query. from Bio.Blast import NCBIXM blast_records = NCBIXML.parse(result_handle) blast_record = blast_records.next() save_file = open("/Users/jonbra/Desktop/my_fasta_seq.fasta", 'w') for alignment in blast_record.alignments: for hsp in alignment.hsps: save_file.write('>%s\n' % (alignment.title,)) save_file.close() Somebody have any suggestions as to extract all the hits? I guess I have to use something else than alignments. Hope this was clear. Thanks! Jon

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