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  • What are the best linux permissions to use for my website?

    - by Nic
    This is a Canonical Question about File Permissions on a Linux web server. I have a Linux web server running Apache2 that hosts several websites. Each website has its own folder in /var/www/. /var/www/contoso.com/ /var/www/contoso.net/ /var/www/fabrikam.com/ The base directory /var/www/ is owned by root:root. Apache is running as www-data:www-data. The Fabrikam website is maintained by two developers, Alice and Bob. Both Contoso websites are maintained by one developer, Eve. All websites allow users to upload images. If a website is compromised, the impact should be as limited as possible. I want to know the best way to set up permissions so that Apache can serve the content, the website is secure from attacks, and the developers can still make changes. One of the websites is structured like this: /var/www/fabrikam.com /cache /modules /styles /uploads /index.php How should the permissions be set on these directories and files? I read somewhere that you should never use 777 permissions on a website, but I don't understand what problems that could cause. During busy periods, the website automatically caches some pages and stores the results in the cache folder. All of the content submitted by website visitors is saved to the uploads folder.

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  • Real time audio streaming

    - by Josh K
    I have a remote computer running OS X. I would like to stream the audio from the microphone input over the network so I can listen to it. Primarily I want to do this because I'm out of the office but still need to communicate with people there. I would like to use VLC, but am not fully aware of the options available. I tried SoundFly (as recommended by another answer) but this didn't seem to want to connect. At this point I should note that I'm using a VPN network to connect to the remote computer (using Hamachi). I can open up ports / etc fine though, so I should be able to do this. Alright, I found Nicecase which does exactly what I want but I would prefer to not have to shell out $40 for it.

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  • Win7 UAC tokens

    - by Talc
    It is known that under win7 UAC you receive 2 tokens when you logon to the system: std user token and admin token. If I disable UAC, what should I get? only admin token? or still both with no consideration to the UAC status?

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  • Solaris 11 installed, no updates?

    - by Paul De Niro
    I was messing around with solaris and decided to give Solaris 11 a try so I downloaded it from the Oracle website. After installing the OS, I went into the package manager and did an update. It told me that there were to available updates! I find this hard to believe considering that it's running a vulnerable version of firefox and java, its own in-house software product! Many of the other software products that came with the default install are also out of date and vulnerable. Is this normal for an Oracle install, or did I do something wrong with the upgrade process? I typed "pkg update" at the prompt, and I noticed that it did call out to pkg.oracle.com looking for updates. I find it bizarre that there are no updates available for an OS that was released a couple months ago with vulnerable software...

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  • no internet mail group / mail sending and delivery restrictions

    - by Jeff
    I run a win 2k8 a/d server and an win 2k8 exchange 07 server I have a group called 'No Internet Mail', i made it a distribution group. I tried to setup a transport rule on the exchange server that is configured as follows for outgoing: from a member of no internet mail and sent to users outside the organization redirect the message to administrator and send message refused, forwarded to administrator. Please talk to management for external email use. however , when i enable this it forwards everyones emails to me regardless if they are a member of the no internet mail group or not. not sure what im doing wrong, thanks in advanced.

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  • Two way SSH authentication

    - by Saif Bechan
    I have installed ASL and it recommends me that I implement a two way SSH authentication. I have some questions about it. I understand the general idea that you need to login with both a key and a password. I am working from a laptop, what will happen if my laptop get's stolen. Will I never be able to login again??

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  • can i use an ip-list include file for iptable blacklisting

    - by rubo77
    I would like to block all countries except mine in iptables, that is a lits with about 100.000 Entries. how can i define this blacklistfile in a script, so iptables blocks all those ip-ranges? maybe i can use http://www.ipdeny.com/ipblocks/data/countries/ that provides lists in the form 117.55.192.0/20 117.104.224.0/21 119.59.80.0/21 121.100.48.0/21 ... i want to be able to change the blacklistfile easily without having to change the iptables-script

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  • Disable modsec2 blacklist rule for specific hostname

    - by KevinL
    I have a server running Apache2 with mod_security2. In modsec2.user.conf, there is a blacklist rule: ###BLACKLIST### SecRule REQUEST_URI "mkdir" I need to disable that rule for just one hostname on the server. I realize I could just remove it entirely but I'd rather keep it on for the other sites. I realize you can use the SecRuleRemoveByID directive, based on each rule's ID, but as you can see above, this has no ID, it's just a string. How do I disable that rule for just www.example.com, is there something I can do in custom.conf, whitelist.conf or exclude.conf ?

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  • Windows File Checksums - Is my system hacked?

    - by rism
    I would like to know if there is a utility to verify the checksums of every windows file on my Win 7 Ultimate system. It seems on the surface such an obvious utility but I dont ever remember seeing one? I had a very weird experience while surfing earlier today and now Im not entirely sure my system is secure. I have a collection of tools in the WSCC suite but these tools no doubt just make system calls to the win32 api and if that has been subverted then the tools are practically useless. How do I know my Win 7 files are actually Win 7 files? I am particularly interested in verifying the integrity of all network TCP/IP files.

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  • Is it better to use a crowded 2.4GHz Wi-Fi channel 1, 6, 11 or "unused" 3, 4, 8, or 9?

    - by Luke
    I understand that 2.4GHz Wi-Fi channels overlap, and that the only non-overlapping channels in the US are 1, 6, and 11. Generally, my signal strength on channels 1, 6, and 11 are much stronger than my neighbors' on the same channel. However, several of the channels may have 4 or 5 others on that same channel. In this scenario, is it better to use 3, 4, 8, or 9? Or is it better to use the crowded channels 1, 6, and 11? As a secondary question, does it even matter that my signal strength is much higher than theirs? Related: Why use wifi channels other than 1, 6 or 11?

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  • iptables: separate clients from each other

    - by Florian Lagg
    Hello, is there a way to separate clients in a subnet so that they cannot reach each other? The infrastructure currently looks like this: 192.168.0.1/24 Gateway, a CentOS box with iptables. 192.168.0.10-20 Some clients which may reach each other 192.168.0.30 A single client which should not be able to reach the hosts 192.168.0.10-20 should be able to reach the gateway and the internet I don't know if it is possible, maybe you could give me your ideas how it could be done. I cannot influence the machine 192.168.0.30 because it is a virtual machine I want to rent to someone. Thanks.

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  • How to change user for more rights on a SFTP client?

    - by Zenklys
    It is always suggested on first step to disable the remote root login for the SSH protocol. I have a low-right user able to connect via SSH and once connected, I simply su in order to gain more rights. Now when using a sFTP client, I use my low-right user and am thus able to do next to nothing. My question is : Is it possible to change user after login using 3rd party client, such as Transmit, Cyberduck, Filezilla ? PS : Mac clients would be great ;)

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  • what are these weird IP address connections in resource monitor?

    - by bill
    I decided to check out Resource Monitor (on the 'Performance' tab in Task Manager, Windows 7) and I noticed in the "Network" section that the 'System' image name kept making a bunch (~5 at a time) of connections to random IP addresses, it would show anywhere from 1-500 bytes/sec 'sent'. They would stay connected for 1-2 minutes. -All web browsers are closed So, first thing I did was run a trace from network-tools.com on some of these IP addresses. 8/10 were outside of US and did not resolve to any host name. Of the 10 IP addresses I traced, 2 were in US, 4 showed origins in China, and one each to Algeria, Russia, Pakistan, Korea. (!) So, the next thing I did was turn off my wireless card, watch the connections disappear, then turn the card back on, and within 30 seconds more random connections were created by System, with different IP addresses from the first time. The next thing I did was go open Task Manager, Show Processes From All Users, then I killed just about everything that wasn't (what appeared to be) a windows process. Turned on wi-fi, and again within 30 seconds, random IP addresses connect for ~ 1 min at a time, new ones coming and going. I occasionally use bit torrent on this machine, but there was definitely no process that seemed related to bt running after I went through task manager, and bt wasn't open to begin with. So, any ideas on what these connections might be for? I have been using Ad-Aware Free and AVG Free on this computer for a while now, always up to date..

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  • Iptables to lock down compromised server to a single ip

    - by ollybee
    I have a Linux server which is compromised, I can see nasty looking perl scripts executing with root privileges. I want to get some data off it before I wipe it. How can I block all inbound and outbound traffic except for my ip? It's a Centos server I assume i can do this with iptables? I'm aware a the server is rooted there is a possibility that attackers could have made changes on the server that would prevent this from working. Ill be testing to make sure and only have the server online for a couple of hours before it is nuked.

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  • Backup software for Ubuntu - which one?

    - by Industrial
    Hi everybody, I have spent some time testing out different backup solutions for my small home office during the last weeks, but still haven't found anything that have been working out too well yet. We can definitely work with a non-GUI script if that's what it takes, if only the requirements are fulfilled: Upload to Amazon S3 Europe. We get unbelievable slow uploading speed to US, so uploading 400+ GB of data will not be happening anytime this year... Incremental backups - only changed files shall be uploaded or we will have a big bill from Amazon in the end of each month.. Files should not be uploaded in one big per-folder archive. This is not efficient at all, since if we change one file in a subfolder, a huge two-digit GB sized file would have to be uploaded during next backup. Not good for economy again, or traffic overhead on our internet connection. What options are available to us? Thanks!

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  • On my Mac, under the 'Shared' folder it shows another computer in my house, am I hacked?

    - by user27449
    I didnt' setup any connection to another computer in my house (its a PC), and I just noticed under my 'Shared' folder in the file explorer on my Mac laptop I see the name of the PC. How could this have shown up when I didn't even try to connect to it before? Could I possibly be hacked or is this normal it just scanned our internal wireless network? I havent' setup any kind of network really, just have a wireless modem that other computers share.

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  • Is the guideline: don't open email attachments or execute downloads or run plug-ins (Flash, Java) from untrusted sites enough to avert infection?

    - by therobyouknow
    I'd like to know if the following is enough to avert malware as I feel that the press and other advisory resources aren't always precisely clear on all the methods as to how PCs get infected. To my mind, the key step to getting infected is a conscious choice by the user to run an executable attachment from an email or download, but also viewing content that requires a plug-in (Flash, Java or something else). This conscious step breaks down into the following possibilities: don't open email attachments: certainly agree with this. But lets try to be clear: email comes in 2 parts -the text and the attachment. Just reading the email should not be risky, right? But opening (i.e. running) email attachments IS risky (malware can be present in the attachment) don't execute downloads (e.g. from sites linked from in suspect emails or otherwise): again certainly agree with this (malware can be present in the executable). Usually the user has to voluntary click to download, or at least click to run the executable. Question: has there ever been a case where a user has visited a site and a download has completed on its own and run on its own? don't run content requiring plug-ins: certainly agree: malware can be present in the executable. I vaguely recall cases with Flash but know of the Java-based vulnerabilities much better. Now, is the above enough? Note that I'm much more cautious than this. What I'm concerned about is that the media is not always very clear about how the malware infection occurs. They talk of "booby-trapped sites", "browser attacks" - HOW exactly? I'd presume the other threat would be malevolent use of Javascript to make an executable run on the user's machine. Would I be right and are there details I can read up on about this. Generally I like Javascript as a developer, please note. An accepted answer would fill in any holes I've missed here so we have a complete general view of what the threats are (even though the actual specific details of new threats vary, but the general vectors are known).

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  • Server 2012r2 VPN DNS

    - by Tyron Gower
    Have an issue where onsite clients cannot resolve VPNusers. but VPN users can resolve onsite machines. example. USER! uses LAPTOP1 USER1 connects to VPN gets internal IP address of 10.243.0.200 USER1 pings SERVER1 - resolve to ip and gets reply USER1 RDP into SERVER1 (inside VPN) USER1 pings LAPTOP1 from SERVER1 resolves to ip address last assigned by DHCP (10.243.0.139) ping fails USER1 pings 10.243.0.200 from SERVER1 gets reply. Running Server 2012r2 It is a domain controller, DNS and VPN server. VPN is just configured with basic default settings. All VPN users have static IP setup in AD. Not sure where to go from here.

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