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  • Is it possible to have anonymous purchases with ubercart without the creation of a new user account?

    - by DKinzer
    I would like to be able to have anonymous users purchase a product but not have a new account created when they purchase it. Unfortunately the creation of a new user seems to be very tightly integrated into ubercart's ordering system. And, because the order module is part of the ubercart core, it's behavior cannot be overridden easily. One possibility for overriding is the creation of a new user account by supplying ubercart with an bogus anonymous account: hook into hook_form_alter at $form_id == 'uc_cart_checkout_review_form' because this is where ubercart first associates the $order to an uid. Add our submit function to the queue: //Find out if the user is anonymous: global $user; if ($user->uid == 0 ) { //Load a previously created anonymous user account $anonymous_user = mymodule_get_anonymous_user(); //create the order and assign our anonymous_user_id to it $order = uc_order_load($_SESSION['cart_order']); $order->uid = $anonymous_user->uid; uc_order_save($order); //Assign the global user our anonymous user uid $user->uid = $anonymous_user->uid; } But what I really need is to be able to have an anonymous purchase without being forced to create a new account, this solution does not work for me. Apart from which, using this technique will automatically login the anonymous_user into our bogus_anonymous_user account. Which is definitely something I don't want. Is there a better non-duct-tape way around the creation of a new user account for anonymous purchases in ubercart?. AND FYI - at this point I'm kind of stuck with ubercart so I cannot use something else. Thanks! D

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  • Posting forms to a 404 + HttpHandler in IIS7: why has all POST data gone missing?

    - by Rahul
    OK, this might sound a bit confusing and complicated, so bear with me. We've written a framework that allows us to define friendly URLs. If you surf to any arbitrary URL, IIS tries to display a 404 error (or, in some cases, 403;14 or 405). However, IIS is set up so that anything directed to those specific errors is sent to an .aspx file. This allows us to implement an HttpHandler to handle the request and do stuff, which involves finding the an associated template and then executing whatever's associated with it. Now, this all works in IIS 5 and 6 and, to an extent, on IIS7 - but for one catch, which happens when you post a form. See, when you post a form to a non-existent URL, IIS says "ah, but that url doesn't exist" and throws a 405 "method not allowed" error. Since we're telling IIS to redirect those errors to our .aspx page and therefore handling it with our HttpHandler, this normally isn't a problem. But as of IIS7, all POST information has gone missing after being redirected to the 405. And so you can no longer do the most trivial of things involving forms. To solve this we've tried using a HttpModule, which preserves POST data but appears to not have an initialized Session at the right time (when it's needed). We also tried using a HttpModule for all requests, not just the missing requests that hit 404/403;14/405, but that means stuff like images, css, js etc are being handled by .NET code, which is terribly inefficient. Which brings me to the actual question: has anyone ever encountered this, and does anyone have any advice or know what to do to get things working again? So far someone has suggested using Microsoft's own URL Rewriting module. Would this help solve our problem? Thanks.

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  • Problem with python urllib

    - by mudder
    I'm getting an error when ever I try to pull down a web page with urllib.urlopen. I've disabled windows firewall and my AV so its not that. I can access the pages in my browser. I even reinstalled python to rule out it being a broken urllib. Any help would be greatly appreciated. >>> import urllib >>> h = urllib.urlopen("http://www.google.com").read() Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#1>", line 1, in <module> h = urllib.urlopen("http://www.google.com").read() File "C:\Python26\lib\urllib.py", line 86, in urlopen return opener.open(url) File "C:\Python26\lib\urllib.py", line 205, in open return getattr(self, name)(url) File "C:\Python26\lib\urllib.py", line 344, in open_http h.endheaders() File "C:\Python26\lib\httplib.py", line 904, in endheaders self._send_output() File "C:\Python26\lib\httplib.py", line 776, in _send_output self.send(msg) File "C:\Python26\lib\httplib.py", line 735, in send self.connect() File "C:\Python26\lib\httplib.py", line 716, in connect self.timeout) File "C:\Python26\lib\socket.py", line 514, in create_connection raise error, msg IOError: [Errno socket error] [Errno 10061] No connection could be made because the target machine actively refused it >>>

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  • Unexpected performance curve from CPython merge sort

    - by vkazanov
    I have implemented a naive merge sorting algorithm in Python. Algorithm and test code is below: import time import random import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import math from collections import deque def sort(unsorted): if len(unsorted) <= 1: return unsorted to_merge = deque(deque([elem]) for elem in unsorted) while len(to_merge) > 1: left = to_merge.popleft() right = to_merge.popleft() to_merge.append(merge(left, right)) return to_merge.pop() def merge(left, right): result = deque() while left or right: if left and right: elem = left.popleft() if left[0] > right[0] else right.popleft() elif not left and right: elem = right.popleft() elif not right and left: elem = left.popleft() result.append(elem) return result LOOP_COUNT = 100 START_N = 1 END_N = 1000 def test(fun, test_data): start = time.clock() for _ in xrange(LOOP_COUNT): fun(test_data) return time.clock() - start def run_test(): timings, elem_nums = [], [] test_data = random.sample(xrange(100000), END_N) for i in xrange(START_N, END_N): loop_test_data = test_data[:i] elapsed = test(sort, loop_test_data) timings.append(elapsed) elem_nums.append(len(loop_test_data)) print "%f s --- %d elems" % (elapsed, len(loop_test_data)) plt.plot(elem_nums, timings) plt.show() run_test() As much as I can see everything is OK and I should get a nice N*logN curve as a result. But the picture differs a bit: Things I've tried to investigate the issue: PyPy. The curve is ok. Disabled the GC using the gc module. Wrong guess. Debug output showed that it doesn't even run until the end of the test. Memory profiling using meliae - nothing special or suspicious. ` I had another implementation (a recursive one using the same merge function), it acts the similar way. The more full test cycles I create - the more "jumps" there are in the curve. So how can this behaviour be explained and - hopefully - fixed? UPD: changed lists to collections.deque UPD2: added the full test code UPD3: I use Python 2.7.1 on a Ubuntu 11.04 OS, using a quad-core 2Hz notebook. I tried to turn of most of all other processes: the number of spikes went down but at least one of them was still there.

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  • UUIDs in Rails3

    - by Rob Wilkerson
    I'm trying to setup my first Rails3 project and, early on, I'm running into problems with either uuidtools, my UUIDHelper or perhaps callbacks. I'm obviously trying to use UUIDs and (I think) I've set things up as described in Ariejan de Vroom's article. I've tried using the UUID as a primary key and also as simply a supplemental field, but it seems like the UUIDHelper is never being called. I've read many mentions of callbacks and/or helpers changing in Rails3, but I can't find any specifics that would tell me how to adjust. Here's my setup as it stands at this moment (there have been a few iterations): # migration class CreateImages < ActiveRecord::Migration def self.up create_table :images do |t| t.string :uuid, :limit => 36 t.string :title t.text :description t.timestamps end end ... end # lib/uuid_helper.rb require 'rubygems' require 'uuidtools' module UUIDHelper def before_create() self.uuid = UUID.timestamp_create.to_s end end # models/image.rb class Image < ActiveRecord::Base include UUIDHelper ... end Any insight would be much appreciated. Thanks.

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  • Python halts while iteratively processing my 1GB csv file

    - by Dan
    I have two files: metadata.csv: contains an ID, followed by vendor name, a filename, etc hashes.csv: contains an ID, followed by a hash The ID is essentially a foreign key of sorts, relating file metadata to its hash. I wrote this script to quickly extract out all hashes associated with a particular vendor. It craps out before it finishes processing hashes.csv stored_ids = [] # this file is about 1 MB entries = csv.reader(open(options.entries, "rb")) for row in entries: # row[2] is the vendor if row[2] == options.vendor: # row[0] is the ID stored_ids.append(row[0]) # this file is 1 GB hashes = open(options.hashes, "rb") # I iteratively read the file here, # just in case the csv module doesn't do this. for line in hashes: # not sure if stored_ids contains strings or ints here... # this probably isn't the problem though if line.split(",")[0] in stored_ids: # if its one of the IDs we're looking for, print the file and hash to STDOUT print "%s,%s" % (line.split(",")[2], line.split(",")[4]) hashes.close() This script gets about 2000 entries through hashes.csv before it halts. What am I doing wrong? I thought I was processing it line by line. ps. the csv files are the popular HashKeeper format and the files I am parsing are the NSRL hash sets. http://www.nsrl.nist.gov/Downloads.htm#converter UPDATE: working solution below. Thanks everyone who commented! entries = csv.reader(open(options.entries, "rb")) stored_ids = dict((row[0],1) for row in entries if row[2] == options.vendor) hashes = csv.reader(open(options.hashes, "rb")) matches = dict((row[2], row[4]) for row in hashes if row[0] in stored_ids) for k, v in matches.iteritems(): print "%s,%s" % (k, v)

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  • ZF2: How to get Zend\Navigation inside custom router?

    - by Katan87
    I have custom router and I have to get access to Zend\Navigation inside this custom router. I was googling, asking and searching and no results :/ All I need is to find nodes with 'link' param using Zend\Navigation in my AliasSegment::match function. Here is my module.config.php: 'navigation' => array( // The DefaultNavigationFactory we configured in (1) uses 'default' as the sitemap key 'default' => array( // And finally, here is where we define our page hierarchy 'account' => array( 'label' => 'Account', 'route' => 'node', 'pages' => array( 'home' => array( 'label' => 'Dashboard', 'route' => 'node', 'params' => array( 'id' => '1', 'link' => '/about/gallery' ), ), 'login' => array( 'label' => 'Sign In', 'route' => 'node', 'params' => array( 'id' => '1', 'link' => '/signin' ), ), 'logout' => array( 'label' => 'Sign Out', 'route' => 'node', ), ), ), ), ), [...] 'service_manager' => array( 'factories' => array( 'translator' => 'Zend\I18n\Translator\TranslatorServiceFactory', 'Navigation' => 'Zend\Navigation\Service\DefaultNavigationFactory', ), ), [...] And here is my AliasSegment class: namespace Application\Controller; use Traversable; use Zend\Mvc\Router\Exception; use Zend\Stdlib\ArrayUtils; use Zend\Stdlib\RequestInterface as Request; use Zend\Mvc\Router\Http; class AliasSegment extends \Zend\Mvc\Router\Http\Segment { public function match(Request $request, $pathOffset = null) { //Here i need to have access to Zend\Navigation return parent::match($request, $pathOffset); } }

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  • Need Help with wxPython & pyGame

    - by Xavier
    Hi Guys, I'm actually in need of your help and advice here on my assignment that I am working on. First of all, I was task to do a program that runs langton's ant simulation. For that, I've managed to get the source code (from snippets.dzone.com/posts/show/5143) and edited it accordingly to my requirements. This was done and ran in pygame module extension. In addition, my task requires a GUI to interface for users to run and navigate through the screens effectively with the langton's ant program running. I used wxPython with the help of an IDE called BOA constructor to create the frames, buttons, textboxes, etc. Basically, all the stuff needed in the interfaces. However, I've ran into some problems listed below: Found problem integrating pyGame with wxPython. On this note, I've research the internet for answers and tutorials where I found out from website: wiki.wxpython.org/IntegratingPyGame & aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Mail/Message/wxpython-users/3178042. I understand from the sites that integrating pyGame with wxPython will be a difficult task where it has caused common problems like the inability to placing other controls into the frames as the pyGame application will cover the entire panel. I really hope that you can clarify my doubts on this and advise me on the path that I should take from here. Therefore, I ask the following questions: Is it feasible to integrate pyGame with wxPython? If it is not feasible to integrate pyGame with wxPython, what other alternatives do I have to create a GUI interface integrating pyGame into it. If so how do I go about? If it is possible to go about integrating pyGame with wxPython, how do I go about doing so? Really need you guys opinion on this.

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  • Ruby on Rails field_for Form Helper Problems

    - by schone
    Hi all, I'm using the field_for form helper with a loop: <% f.fields_for :permissions do |permission_form| %> <tr> <td><%= permission_form.object.security_module.name %><%= permission_form.hidden_field(:security_module_id) %></td> <td><%= permission_form.object.security_module.description %></td> <tr> <% end %> The resulting output of the above code is this: <input id="role_permissions_attributes_0_id" name="role[permissions_attributes][0][id]" type="hidden" value="76" /> <tr> <td>Diary<input id="role_permissions_attributes_0_security_module_id" name="role[permissions_attributes][0][security_module_id]" type="hidden" value="13" /></td> <td>Access to the Diary Module</td> </tr> <!-- next input field then <tr> tag --> The problem with this markup is that the input tag falls outside of the tr tag which there for causes validation issues with XHTML. Does anyone know how I can have the input tag fall inside the tr tag therefore giving me valid XHTML 1.0 STRICT markup? Thanks

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  • Apache - "dynamic" rewrite rule

    - by Christian A. Rasmussen
    Hi there. I'm working on a Zend Framework project where I've stumbled across a bit of a problem. The problem originates from the fact that modules are 2nd class citizens in Zend Framework. In my project, I'd like for each module to have a folder containing files which are to be accessed from the outside - files such as stylesheets, javascripts and images. Now, how is this to be done. With a Zend Framework project I have a folder structure which looks like this: application/ modules/ moduleOne/ public/ stylesheet.css moduleTwo/ moduleThree/ public/ index.php The standard .htaccess file located in the public/ folder holds this: SetEnv APPLICATION_ENV development RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -s [OR] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -l [OR] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} -d RewriteRule ^.*$ - [NC,L] RewriteRule ^.*$ index.php [NC,L] The way it works, is that the project's apache DocumentRoot is the public/ folder. All requests gets redirected through the index.php file where Zend Framework's router component takes over. Now, I'm by no means an expert with Apache nor mod_rewrite so pardon me if this is just silly. I imagine that I implement an extra step in the existing rewrite rule so that if I request http://project/public/moduleOne/stylesheet.css it will for instance resolve to /var/www/project/application/modules/moduleOne/public/stylesheet.css. So the steps which need to be done is to check if the first element in the URI is public/ if it is, we take the next segment as the modules name and use that in the path we're trying to resolve to and attempt to serve the file. Is this at all possible or does anyone have a better suggestion? Thank you for your time Christian Rasmussen

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  • Debian packaging of a Python package.

    - by chrisdew
    I need to write (or find) a script to create a Debian package (using python-support) from a Python package. The Python package will be pure Python (no C extensions). The Python package (for testing purposes) will just be a directory with an empty __init__.py file and a single Python module, package_test.py. The packaging script must use python-support to provide the correct bytecode for possible multiple installations of Python on a target platform. (i.e. v2.5 and v2.6 on Ubuntu Jaunty.) Most advice I find while googling are just examples nasty hacks that don't even use python-support or python-central. I have so far spent hours researching this, and the best I can come up with is to hack around the script from an existing open source project - but I don't know which bits are required for what I'm doing. Has anyone here made a Debian package out of a Python package in a reasonably non-hacky way? I'm starting to think that it will take me more than a week to go from no knowledge of Debian packaging and python-support to getting a working script. How long has it taken others? Any advice? Chris.

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  • BeautifulSoup can't parse a webpage?

    - by JLTChiu
    I am using beautiful soup for parsing webpage now, I've heard it's very famous and good, but it doesn't seems works properly. Here's what I did import urllib2 from bs4 import BeautifulSoup page = urllib2.urlopen("http://www.cnn.com/2012/10/14/us/skydiver-record-attempt/index.html?hpt=hp_t1") soup = BeautifulSoup(page) print soup.prettify() I think this is kind of straightforward. I open the webpage and pass it to the beautifulsoup. But here's what I got: Warning (from warnings module): File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\bs4\builder\_htmlparser.py", line 149 "Python's built-in HTMLParser cannot parse the given document. This is not a bug in Beautiful Soup. The best solution is to install an external parser (lxml or html5lib), and use Beautiful Soup with that parser. See http://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/bs4/doc/#installing-a-parser for help.")) ... HTMLParseError: bad end tag: u'</"+"script>', at line 634, column 94 I thought CNN website should be well designed, so I am not very sure what's going on though. Does anyone has idea about this?

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  • Python: Networked IDLE?

    - by Rosarch
    Is there any existing web app that lets multiple users work with an interactive IDLE type session at once? Something like: IDLE 2.6.4 Morgan: >>> letters = list("abcdefg") Morgan: >>> # now, how would you iterate over letters? Jack: >>> for char in letters: print "char %s" % char char a char b char c char d char e char f char g Morgan: >>> # nice nice If not, I would like to create one. Is there some module I can use that simulates an interactive session? I'd want an interface like this: def class InteractiveSession(): ''' An interactive Python session ''' def putLine(line): ''' Evaluates line ''' pass def outputLines(): ''' A list of all lines that have been output by the session ''' pass def currentVars(): ''' A dictionary of currently defined variables and their values ''' pass (Although that last function would be more of an extra feature.) To formulate my problem another way: I'd like to create a new front end for IDLE. How can I do this?

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  • Ruby Fileutils.cp_r Permission Denied when :preserve => true

    - by slawley
    Hello, I am trying to implement a poor-man's backup/mirroring script and am having some trouble. I am on Windows-XP, using Ruby's FileUtils module to recursively copy files. So long as I don't set the :preserve flag to true, everything works fine. Works: FileUtils.cp_r('Source_dir', 'Dest_dir', :verbose => true) Doesn't work: FileUtils.cp_r('Source_dir', 'Dest_dir', :verbose => true, :preserve => true) I have full permissions on the Dest_dir as it's on the desktop of my local machine and I just created it. I can copy and delete files and folders, but apparently changing, or maintaining the file attributes with :preserve isn't working. I haven't had a chance to try this on a Mac or linux box, but from reading around online the :preserve flag is a normal stumbling block to come up against in a Windows environment. In a similar line of questioning, what is the default behavior for FileUtils.cp_r when it encounters an existing file at the destination directory? Simply overwrite and replace everything in Destination with whatever is in Source, or can I skip a file with conflicts and just log it for resolution later? (If this should be a separate question, just let me know and I'll make it one.) Thanks, Spencer

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  • python-iptables: Cryptic error when allowing incoming TCP traffic on port 1234

    - by Lucas Kauffman
    I wanted to write an iptables script in Python. Rather than calling iptables itself I wanted to use the python-iptables package. However I'm having a hard time getting some basic rules setup. I wanted to use the filter chain to accept incoming TCP traffic on port 1234. So I wrote this: import iptc chain = iptc.Chain(iptc.TABLE_FILTER,"INPUT") rule = iptc.Rule() target = iptc.Target(rule,"ACCEPT") match = iptc.Match(rule,'tcp') match.dport='1234' rule.add_match(match) rule.target = target chain.insert_rule(rule) However when I run this I get this thrown back at me: Traceback (most recent call last): File "testing.py", line 9, in <module> chain.insert_rule(rule) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/iptc/__init__.py", line 1133, in insert_rule self.table.insert_entry(self.name, rbuf, position) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/iptc/__init__.py", line 1166, in new obj.refresh() File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/iptc/__init__.py", line 1230, in refresh self._free() File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/iptc/__init__.py", line 1224, in _free self.commit() File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/iptc/__init__.py", line 1219, in commit raise IPTCError("can't commit: %s" % (self.strerror())) iptc.IPTCError: can't commit: Invalid argument Exception AttributeError: "'NoneType' object has no attribute 'get_errno'" in <bound method Table.__del__ of <iptc.Table object at 0x7fcad56cc550>> ignored Does anyone have experience with python-iptables that could enlighten on what I did wrong?

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  • strange behavior in python

    - by fsm
    The tags might not be accurate since I am not sure where the problem is. I have a module where I am trying to read some data from a socket, and write the results into a file (append) It looks something like this, (only relevant parts included) if __name__ == "__main__": <some init code> for line in file: t = Thread(target=foo, args=(line,)) t.start() while nThreads > 0: time.sleep(1) Here are the other modules, def foo(text): global countLock, nThreads countLock.acquire() nThreads += 1 countLock.release() """connect to socket, send data, read response""" writeResults(text, result) countLock.acquire() nThreads -= 1 countLock.release() def writeResults(text, result): """acquire file lock""" """append to file""" """release file lock""" Now here's the problem. Initially, I had a typo in the function 'foo', where I was passing the variable 'line' to writeResults instead of 'text'. 'line' is not defined in the function foo, it's defined in the main block, so I should have seen an error, but instead, it worked fine, except that the data was appended to the file multiple times, instead of being written just once, which is the required behavior, which I got when I fixed the typo. My question is, 1) Why didn't I get an error? 2) Why was the writeResults function being called multiple times?

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  • Http Digest Authentication, Handle different browser char-sets...

    - by user160561
    Hi all, I tried to use the Http Authentication Digest Scheme with my php (apache module) based website. In general it works fine, but when it comes to verification of the username / hash against my user database i run into a problem. Of course i do not want to store the user´s password in my database, so i tend to store the A1 hashvalue (which is md5($username . ':' . $realm . ':' . $password)) in my db. This is just how the browser does it too to create the hashes to send back. The Problem: I am not able to detect if the browser does this in ISO-8859-1 fallback (like firefox, IE) or UTF-8 (Opera) or whatever. I have chosen to do the calculation in UTF-8 and store this md5 hash. Which leads to non-authentication in Firefox and IE browsers. How do you solve this problem? Just do not use this auth-scheme? Or Store a md5 Hash for each charset? Force users to Opera? (Terms of A1 refer to the http://php.net/manual/en/features.http-auth.php example.) (for digest access authentication read the according wikipedia entry)

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  • Connecting to MS SQL Server 2005 via Web Service

    - by clear-cycle-corp
    Delphi 2010, dbExpress, and MS SQL Server 2005 DB Ok, I am trying to make a connection to a MS SQL 2005 DB using Delphi 2010 & DBExpress. If I create a standard delphi application and hard code my connection (IT WORKS!): procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject); var Conn: TSQLConnection; begin Conn:= TSQLConnection.Create(nil); Conn.ConnectionName:= 'VPUCDS_VPN_SE01'; Conn.LoadParamsOnConnect := True; Conn.LoginPrompt:=True; try Conn.Connected:= True; if Conn.Connected then ShowMessage('Connected!') else ShowMessage('NOT Connected!') finally Conn.Free; end; end; All the ini files, and DLLs reside in the same folder as my executable and yes, I have DBXMsSQL & MidasLib in the uses clause again, it works if its not a web service! However, if i then move the code over to a Web serices CGI module: function TTest.ConnectToDB: Boolean;stdcall; var Conn: TSQLConnection; begin Conn:= TSQLConnection.Create(nil); Conn.ConnectionName:= 'VPUCDS_VPN_SE01'; Conn.LoadParamsOnConnect := True; Conn.LoginPrompt:=True; try Conn.Connected:= True; result:= Conn.Connected; finally Conn.Free; end; end; Thanks

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  • Velocity framework servlet

    - by GustlyWind
    I have a module written in servlets and needs to be recently moved to velocity framework So in the process I am rewriting the web.xml to create velocity servlet object whcih calls our original servlet . Now if this has to be moved to <servlet> <servlet-name>VeloServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.apache.velocity.tools.view.servlet.VelocityViewServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> How can we acheive this and what are all changes need to use the existing servlet as it is. My Existing servlet looks like <servlet-name>DataBridgeServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.jda.pwm.databridge.framework.common.DataBridgeServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>jda.databridge.config.path</param-name> <param-value>d:/usr/databridge/conf</param-value> </init-param> This is loaded using the url http://localhost:8080/databridge/databridgeservlet So in the newer case how velocity servlet calls this servlet

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  • How to design Models the correct way: Object-oriented or "Package"-oriented?

    - by ajsie
    I know that in OOP you want every object (from a class) to be a "thing", eg. user, validator etc. I know the basics about MVC, how they different parts interact with each other. However, i wonder if the models in MVC should be designed according to the traditional OOP design, that is to say, should every model be a database/table/row (solution 2)? Or is the intention more like to collect methods that are affecting the same table or a bunch of related tables (solution 1). example for an Address book module in CodeIgniter, where i want be able to "CRUD" a Contact and add/remove it to/from a CRUD-able Contact Group. Models solution 1: bunching all related methods together (not real object, rather a "package") class Contacts extends Model { function create_contact() {) function read_contact() {} function update_contact() {} function delete_contact() {} function add_contact_to_group() {} function delete_contact_from_group() {} function create_group() {} function read_group() {} function update_group() {} function delete_group() {} } Models solution 2: the OOP way (one class per file) class Contact extends Model { private $name = ''; private $id = ''; function create_contact() {) function read_contact() {} function update_contact() {} function delete_contact() {} } class ContactGroup extends Model { private $name = ''; private $id = ''; function add_contact_to_group() {} function delete_contact_from_group() {} function create_group() {} function read_group() {} function update_group() {} function delete_group() {} } i dont know how to think when i want to create the models. and the above examples are my real tasks for creating an Address book. Should i just bunch all functions together in one class. then the class contains different logic (contact and group), so it can not hold properties that are specific for either one of them. the solution 2 works according to the OOP. but i dont know why i should make such a dividing. what would the benefits be to have a Contact object for example. Its surely not a User object, so why should a Contact "live" with its own state (properties and methods). you experienced guys with OOP/MVC, please shed a light on how one should think here in this very concrete task.

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  • How to access non-first matches with xpath in Selenium RC ?

    - by Gj
    I have 20 labels in my page: In [85]: sel.get_xpath_count("//label") Out[85]: u'20' And I can get the first one be default: In [86]: sel.get_text("xpath=//label") Out[86]: u'First label:' But, unlike the xpath docs I've found, I'm getting an error trying to subscript the xpath to get to the second label's text: In [87]: sel.get_text("xpath=//label[2]") ERROR: An unexpected error occurred while tokenizing input The following traceback may be corrupted or invalid The error message is: ('EOF in multi-line statement', (216, 0)) ERROR: An unexpected error occurred while tokenizing input The following traceback may be corrupted or invalid The error message is: ('EOF in multi-line statement', (1186, 0)) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Exception Traceback (most recent call last) /Users/me/<ipython console> in <module>() /Users/me/selenium.pyc in get_text(self, locator) 1187 'locator' is an element locator 1188 """ -> 1189 return self.get_string("getText", [locator,]) 1190 1191 /Users/me/selenium.pyc in get_string(self, verb, args) 217 218 def get_string(self, verb, args): --> 219 result = self.do_command(verb, args) 220 return result[3:] 221 /Users/me/selenium.pyc in do_command(self, verb, args) 213 #print "Selenium Result: " + repr(data) + "\n\n" 214 if (not data.startswith('OK')): --> 215 raise Exception, data 216 return data 217 Exception: ERROR: Element xpath=//label[2] not found What gives?

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  • How do I so a select input for a STI column in a Rails model?

    - by James A. Rosen
    I have a model with single-table inheritance on the type column: class Pet < ActiveRecord::Base TYPES = [Dog, Cat, Hamster] validates_presence_of :name end I want to offer a <select> dropdown on the new and edit pages: <% form_for @model do |f| %> <%= f.label :name %> <%= f.text_input :name %> <%= f.label :type %> <%= f.select :type, Pet::TYPES.map { |t| [t.human_name, t.to_s] } %> <% end %> That gives me the following error: ActionView::TemplateError (wrong argument type String (expected Module)) I read a suggestion to use an alias for the field #type since Ruby considers that a reserved word that's the same as #class. I tried both class Pet < ActiveRecord::Base ... alias_attribute :klass, :type end and class Pet < ActiveRecord::Base ... def klass self.type end def klass=(k) self.type = k end end Neither worked. Any suggestions? Oddly, it works fine on my machine (MRI 1.8.6 on RVM), but fails on the staging server (MRI 1.8.7 not on RVM).

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  • How to ship numpy with web2py application under myapp/modules?

    - by Newbie07
    I am having the following error while importing numpy from application/myapp/modules: Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/mdipierro/make_web2py/web2py/gluon/restricted.py", line 212, in restricted File "D:/web2py_win/web2py/applications/myapp/controllers/default.py", line 13, in File "/home/mdipierro/make_web2py/web2py/gluon/custom_import.py", line 100, in custom_importer File "applications\myapp\modules\numpy\ __init__.py", line 137, in File "/home/mdipierro/make_web2py/web2py/gluon/custom_import.py", line 81, in custom_importer ImportError: Cannot import module 'add_newdocs' I tried adding 'application.myapp.modules.' in the 'import add_newdocs' statement of numpy\ __init.py__ and the error propagates to other subsequent imports(i.e. add_docs imports some other stuff and I get the ImportError again for these imports). So I narrowed down the problem to the "working directory" of the import statement. However, I do not wish to add 'application.myapp.modules.' in every import statement inside the package since it would be impractical and hard to edit if someone decides to rename the app later on. How do I make the import work smoothly? NOTE: It is necessary for me to put the numpy package in the app to ensure ease of deployment.

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  • Python many-to-one mapping (creating equivalence classes)

    - by Adam Matan
    Hi, I have a project of converting one database to another. One of the original database columns defines the row's category. This coulmn should be mapepd to a new category in the new databse. For example, let's assume the original categories are:parrot, spam, cheese_shop, Cleese, Gilliam, Palin Now that's a little verbose for me, And I want to have these rows categorized as sketch, actor - That is, define all the sketches and all the actors as two equivalence classes. >>> monty={'parrot':'sketch', 'spam':'sketch', 'cheese_shop':'sketch', 'Cleese':'actor', 'Gilliam':'actor', 'Palin':'actor'} >>> monty {'Gilliam': 'actor', 'Cleese': 'actor', 'parrot': 'sketch', 'spam': 'sketch', 'Palin': 'actor', 'cheese_shop': 'sketch'} That's quite awkward- I would prefer having something like: monty={ ('parrot','spam','cheese_shop'): 'sketch', ('Cleese', 'Gilliam', 'Palin') : 'actors'} But this, of course, sets the entire tuple as a key: >>> monty['parrot'] Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#29>", line 1, in <module> monty['parrot'] KeyError: 'parrot' Any ideas how to create an elegant many-to-one dictionary in Python? Thanks, Adam

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  • Final classes in Python 3.x- something Guido isn't telling me?

    - by GlenCrawford
    This question is built on top of many assumptions. If one assumption is wrong, then the whole thing falls over. I'm still relatively new to Python and have just entered the curious/exploratory phase. It is my understanding that Python does not support the creating of classes that cannot be subclassed (final classes). However, it seems to me that the bool class in Python cannot be subclassed. This makes sense when the intent of the bool class is considered (because bool is only supposed to have two values: true and false), and I'm happy with that. What I want to know is how this class was marked as final. So my question is: how exactly did Guido manage to prevent subclassing of bool? >>> class TestClass(bool): pass Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#2>", line 1, in <module> class TestClass(bool): TypeError: type 'bool' is not an acceptable base type Related question: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2172189/why-i-cant-extend-bool-in-python

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