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  • Recursive function causing a stack overflow

    - by dbyrne
    I am trying to write a simple sieve function to calculate prime numbers in clojure. I've seen this question about writing an efficient sieve function, but I am not to that point yet. Right now I am just trying to write a very simple (and slow) sieve. Here is what I have come up with: (defn sieve [potentials primes] (if-let [p (first potentials)] (recur (filter #(not= (mod % p) 0) potentials) (conj primes p)) primes)) For small ranges it works fine, but causes a stack overflow for large ranges: user=> (sieve (range 2 30) []) [2 3 5 7 11 13 17 19 23 29] user=> (sieve (range 2 15000) []) java.lang.StackOverflowError (NO_SOURCE_FILE:0) I thought that by using recur this would be a non-stack-consuming looping construct? What am I missing?

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  • Best way to get back to using the power of lxml after having to use a regex to find something in an

    - by PyNEwbie
    I am trying to rip some text out of a large number of html documents (numbers in the hundreds of thousands). The documents are really forms but they are prepared by a very large group of different organizations so there is significant variation in how they create the document. For example, the documents are divided into chapters. I might want to extract the contents of Chapter 5 from every document so I can analyze the content of the chapter. Initially I thought this would be easy but it turns out that the authors might use a set of non-nested tables throughout the document to hold the content so that Chapter n could be displayed using td tags inside a table. Or they might use other elements such as p tags H tags, div tags or any other block level element. After trying repeatedly to use lxml to help me identify the beginning and end of each chapter I have determined that it is a lot cleaner to use a regular expression because in every case, no matter what the enclosing html element is the chapter label is always in the form of >Chapter # It is a little more complicated in that there might be some white space or non-breaking space represented in different ways (  or   or just spaces). Nonetheless it was trivial to write a regular expression to identify the beginning of each section. (The beginning of one section is the end of the previous section.) But now I want to use lxml to get the text out. My thought is that I have really no choice but to walk along my string to find the close tag for the element that encloses the text I am using to find the relevant section. That is here is one example where the element holding the Chapter name is a div <div style="DISPLAY: block; MARGIN-LEFT: 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0pt" align="left"><font style="DISPLAY: inline; FONT-WEIGHT: bold; FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman">Chapter 1.&#160;&#160;&#160;Our Beginnings.</font></div> So I am imagining that I would begin at the location where I found the match for chapter 1 and set up a regular expressions to find the next </div|</td|</p|</h1 . . . So at this point I have identified the type of element holding my chapter heading I can use the same logic to find all of the text that is within that element that is set up a regular expression to help me mark from >Chapter 1.&#160;&#160;&#160;Our Beginnings.< So I have identified where my Chapter 1 begins I can do the same for chapter 2 (which is where Chapter 1 ends) Now I am imagining that I am going to snip the document beginning at the opening of the element that I identified as the element the indicates where chapter 1 begins and ending just before the opening of the element that I identified as the element that indicates where Chapter 2 begins. The string that I have identified will then be fed to lxml to use its power to get the content. I am going to all of this trouble because I have read over and over - never use a regular expression to extract content from html documents and I have not hit on a way to be as accurate with lxml to identify the starting and ending locations for the text I want to extract. For example, I can never be certain that the subtitle of Chapter 1 is Our Beginnings it could be Our Red Canary. Let me say that I spent two solid days trying with lxml to be confident that I had the beginning and ending elements and I could only be accurate <60% of the time but a very short regular expression has given me better than 95% success. I have a tendency to make things more complicated than necessary so I am wondering if anyone has seen or solved a similar problems and if they had an approach (not the details mind you) that they would like to offer.

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  • How can this PHP code be improved? What should change?

    - by Noctis Skytower
    This is a custom encryption library. I do not know much about PHP's standard library of functions and was wondering if the following code can be improved in any way. The implementation should yield the same results, the API should remain as it is, but ways to make is more PHP-ish would be greatly appreciated. Code <?php /*************************************** Create random major and minor SPICE key. ***************************************/ function crypt_major() { $all = range("\x00", "\xFF"); shuffle($all); $major_key = implode("", $all); return $major_key; } function crypt_minor() { $sample = array(); do { array_push($sample, 0, 1, 2, 3); } while (count($sample) != 256); shuffle($sample); $list = array(); for ($index = 0; $index < 64; $index++) { $b12 = $sample[$index * 4] << 6; $b34 = $sample[$index * 4 + 1] << 4; $b56 = $sample[$index * 4 + 2] << 2; $b78 = $sample[$index * 4 + 3]; array_push($list, $b12 + $b34 + $b56 + $b78); } $minor_key = implode("", array_map("chr", $list)); return $minor_key; } /*************************************** Create the SPICE key via the given name. ***************************************/ function named_major($name) { srand(crc32($name)); return crypt_major(); } function named_minor($name) { srand(crc32($name)); return crypt_minor(); } /*************************************** Check validity for major and minor keys. ***************************************/ function _check_major($key) { if (is_string($key) && strlen($key) == 256) { foreach (range("\x00", "\xFF") as $char) { if (substr_count($key, $char) == 0) { return FALSE; } } return TRUE; } return FALSE; } function _check_minor($key) { if (is_string($key) && strlen($key) == 64) { $indexs = array(); foreach (array_map("ord", str_split($key)) as $byte) { foreach (range(6, 0, 2) as $shift) { array_push($indexs, ($byte >> $shift) & 3); } } $dict = array_count_values($indexs); foreach (range(0, 3) as $index) { if ($dict[$index] != 64) { return FALSE; } } return TRUE; } return FALSE; } /*************************************** Create encode maps for encode functions. ***************************************/ function _encode_map_1($major) { return array_map("ord", str_split($major)); } function _encode_map_2($minor) { $map_2 = array(array(), array(), array(), array()); $list = array(); foreach (array_map("ord", str_split($minor)) as $byte) { foreach (range(6, 0, 2) as $shift) { array_push($list, ($byte >> $shift) & 3); } } for ($byte = 0; $byte < 256; $byte++) { array_push($map_2[$list[$byte]], chr($byte)); } return $map_2; } /*************************************** Create decode maps for decode functions. ***************************************/ function _decode_map_1($minor) { $map_1 = array(); foreach (array_map("ord", str_split($minor)) as $byte) { foreach (range(6, 0, 2) as $shift) { array_push($map_1, ($byte >> $shift) & 3); } } return $map_1; }function _decode_map_2($major) { $map_2 = array(); $temp = array_map("ord", str_split($major)); for ($byte = 0; $byte < 256; $byte++) { $map_2[$temp[$byte]] = chr($byte); } return $map_2; } /*************************************** Encrypt or decrypt the string with maps. ***************************************/ function _encode($string, $map_1, $map_2) { $cache = ""; foreach (str_split($string) as $char) { $byte = $map_1[ord($char)]; foreach (range(6, 0, 2) as $shift) { $cache .= $map_2[($byte >> $shift) & 3][mt_rand(0, 63)]; } } return $cache; } function _decode($string, $map_1, $map_2) { $cache = ""; $temp = str_split($string); for ($iter = 0; $iter < strlen($string) / 4; $iter++) { $b12 = $map_1[ord($temp[$iter * 4])] << 6; $b34 = $map_1[ord($temp[$iter * 4 + 1])] << 4; $b56 = $map_1[ord($temp[$iter * 4 + 2])] << 2; $b78 = $map_1[ord($temp[$iter * 4 + 3])]; $cache .= $map_2[$b12 + $b34 + $b56 + $b78]; } return $cache; } /*************************************** This is the public interface for coding. ***************************************/ function encode_string($string, $major, $minor) { if (is_string($string)) { if (_check_major($major) && _check_minor($minor)) { $map_1 = _encode_map_1($major); $map_2 = _encode_map_2($minor); return _encode($string, $map_1, $map_2); } } return FALSE; } function decode_string($string, $major, $minor) { if (is_string($string) && strlen($string) % 4 == 0) { if (_check_major($major) && _check_minor($minor)) { $map_1 = _decode_map_1($minor); $map_2 = _decode_map_2($major); return _decode($string, $map_1, $map_2); } } return FALSE; } ?> This is a sample showing how the code is being used. Hex editors may be of help with the input / output. Example <?php # get and process all of the form data @ $input = htmlspecialchars($_POST["input"]); @ $majorname = htmlspecialchars($_POST["majorname"]); @ $minorname = htmlspecialchars($_POST["minorname"]); @ $majorkey = htmlspecialchars($_POST["majorkey"]); @ $minorkey = htmlspecialchars($_POST["minorkey"]); @ $output = htmlspecialchars($_POST["output"]); # process the submissions by operation # CREATE @ $operation = $_POST["operation"]; if ($operation == "Create") { if (strlen($_POST["majorname"]) == 0) { $majorkey = bin2hex(crypt_major()); } if (strlen($_POST["minorname"]) == 0) { $minorkey = bin2hex(crypt_minor()); } if (strlen($_POST["majorname"]) != 0) { $majorkey = bin2hex(named_major($_POST["majorname"])); } if (strlen($_POST["minorname"]) != 0) { $minorkey = bin2hex(named_minor($_POST["minorname"])); } } # ENCRYPT or DECRYPT function is_hex($char) { if ($char == "0"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "1"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "2"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "3"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "4"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "5"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "6"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "7"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "8"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "9"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "a"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "b"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "c"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "d"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "e"): return TRUE; elseif ($char == "f"): return TRUE; else: return FALSE; endif; } function hex2bin($str) { if (strlen($str) % 2 == 0): $string = strtolower($str); else: $string = strtolower("0" . $str); endif; $cache = ""; $temp = str_split($str); for ($index = 0; $index < count($temp) / 2; $index++) { $h1 = $temp[$index * 2]; if (is_hex($h1)) { $h2 = $temp[$index * 2 + 1]; if (is_hex($h2)) { $cache .= chr(hexdec($h1 . $h2)); } else { return FALSE; } } else { return FALSE; } } return $cache; } if ($operation == "Encrypt" || $operation == "Decrypt") { # CHECK FOR ANY ERROR $errors = array(); if (strlen($_POST["input"]) == 0) { $output = ""; } $binmajor = hex2bin($_POST["majorkey"]); if (strlen($_POST["majorkey"]) == 0) { array_push($errors, "There must be a major key."); } elseif ($binmajor == FALSE) { array_push($errors, "The major key must be in hex."); } elseif (_check_major($binmajor) == FALSE) { array_push($errors, "The major key is corrupt."); } $binminor = hex2bin($_POST["minorkey"]); if (strlen($_POST["minorkey"]) == 0) { array_push($errors, "There must be a minor key."); } elseif ($binminor == FALSE) { array_push($errors, "The minor key must be in hex."); } elseif (_check_minor($binminor) == FALSE) { array_push($errors, "The minor key is corrupt."); } if ($_POST["operation"] == "Decrypt") { $bininput = hex2bin(str_replace("\r", "", str_replace("\n", "", $_POST["input"]))); if ($bininput == FALSE) { if (strlen($_POST["input"]) != 0) { array_push($errors, "The input data must be in hex."); } } elseif (strlen($bininput) % 4 != 0) { array_push($errors, "The input data is corrupt."); } } if (count($errors) != 0) { # ERRORS ARE FOUND $output = "ERROR:"; foreach ($errors as $error) { $output .= "\n" . $error; } } elseif (strlen($_POST["input"]) != 0) { # CONTINUE WORKING if ($_POST["operation"] == "Encrypt") { # ENCRYPT $output = substr(chunk_split(bin2hex(encode_string($_POST["input"], $binmajor, $binminor)), 58), 0, -2); } else { # DECRYPT $output = htmlspecialchars(decode_string($bininput, $binmajor, $binminor)); } } } # echo the form with the values filled echo "<P><TEXTAREA class=maintextarea name=input rows=25 cols=25>" . $input . "</TEXTAREA></P>\n"; echo "<P>Major Name:</P>\n"; echo "<P><INPUT id=textbox1 name=majorname value=\"" . $majorname . "\"></P>\n"; echo "<P>Minor Name:</P>\n"; echo "<P><INPUT id=textbox1 name=minorname value=\"" . $minorname . "\"></P>\n"; echo "<DIV style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: center\"><INPUT class=submit type=submit value=Create name=operation>\n"; echo "</DIV>\n"; echo "<P>Major Key:</P>\n"; echo "<P><INPUT id=textbox1 name=majorkey value=\"" . $majorkey . "\"></P>\n"; echo "<P>Minor Key:</P>\n"; echo "<P><INPUT id=textbox1 name=minorkey value=\"" . $minorkey . "\"></P>\n"; echo "<DIV style=\"TEXT-ALIGN: center\"><INPUT class=submit type=submit value=Encrypt name=operation> \n"; echo "<INPUT class=submit type=submit value=Decrypt name=operation> </DIV>\n"; echo "<P>Result:</P>\n"; echo "<P><TEXTAREA class=maintextarea name=output rows=25 readOnly cols=25>" . $output . "</TEXTAREA></P></DIV></FORM>\n"; ?> What should be editted for better memory efficiency or faster execution?

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  • C# Proxy using Sockets, how should I do this?

    - by Kin
    I'm writing a proxy using .NET and C#. I haven't done much Socket programming, and I am not sure the best way to go about it. What would be the best way to implement this? Should I use Synchronous Sockets, Asynchronous sockets? Please help! It must... Accept Connections from the client on two different ports, and be able to receive data on both ports at the same time. Connect to the server on two different ports, and be able to send data on both ports as the same time. Immediately connect to the server and start forwarding packets as soon as a client connection is made. Forward packets in the same order they were received. Be as low latency as possible. I don't need the ability for multiple clients to connect to the proxy, but it would be a nice feature if its easy to implement. Client --------- Proxy ------- Server ---|-----------------|----------------| Port <-------- Port <------- Port Port <-------- Port <------- Port

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  • Modify strings in Rails?

    - by Daniel O'Connor
    Hey everyone, So I'm new to Rails (teaching myself as a senior project in high school), and I'm trying to figure out how to modify these strings. Let's say someone writes the following string in a form: "you know you are a geek when" How can I automatically change it to this: "You know you are a geek when..."? I need Rails to check the case of the first letter and check for the three dots then modify the string as necessary. I've looked here, but I can't find anything that would work. Thanks a lot!

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  • python regex of a date in some text

    - by Horace Ho
    How can I find as many date patterns as possible from a text file by python? The date pattern is defined as: dd mmm yyyy ^ ^ | | +---+--- spaces where: dd is a two digit number mmm is three-character English month name (e.g. Jan, Mar, Dec) yyyy is four digit year there are two spaces as separators Thanks!

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  • Iterating over key and value of defaultdict dictionaries

    - by gf
    The following works as expected: d = [(1,2), (3,4)] for k,v in d: print "%s - %s" % (str(k), str(v)) But this fails: d = collections.defaultdict(int) d[1] = 2 d[3] = 4 for k,v in d: print "%s - %s" % (str(k), str(v)) With: Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable Why? How can i fix it?

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  • Python: Remove items from a list while iterating in Python

    - by xApple
    My problem is simple: I have a long list of elements that I want to iterate through and check every element against a condition. Depending on the outcome of the condition I would like to delete the current element of the list, and continue iterating over it as usual. I have read a few other threads on this matter. Two solutions seam to be proposed. Either make a dictionary out of the list (which implies making a copy of all the data that is already filling all the RAM in my case). Either walk the list in reverse (which breaks the concept of the alogrithm I want to implement). Is there any better or more elegant way than this to do it ? def walk_list(list_of_g): g_index = 0 while g_index < len(list_of_g): g_current = list_of_g[g_index] if subtle_condition(g_current): list_of_g.pop(g_index) else: g_index = g_index + 1

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  • Why is "while" loop really needed in Python?

    - by Tomaž Pisanski
    I was told that 95% of all loops in Python are "for" loops. Since "while" loops are clearly more "dangerous" than "for" loops, I would like to know if there are situations in which the use of a "while" loop is essential. For teaching purposes it would be useful to know if there is a systematic way of transforming "while" loops into "for" loops.

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  • Form is trying to save the login value of the submit button to my DB.

    - by Sergio Tapia
    Here's my Zend code: <?php require_once ('Zend\Form.php'); class Sergio_Form_registrationform extends Zend_Form { public function init(){ /*********************USERNAME**********************/ $username = new Zend_Form_Element_Text('username'); $alnumValidator = new Zend_Validate_Alnum(); $username ->setRequired(true) ->setLabel('Username:') ->addFilter('StringToLower') ->addValidator('alnum') ->addValidator('regex', false, array('/^[a-z]+/')) ->addValidator('stringLength',false,array(6,20)); $this->addElement($username); /*********************EMAIL**********************/ $email = new Zend_Form_Element_Text('email'); $alnumValidator = new Zend_Validate_Alnum(); $email ->setRequired(true) ->setLabel('EMail:') ->addFilter('StringToLower') ->addValidator('alnum') ->addValidator('regex', false, array('/^[a-z]+/')) ->addValidator('stringLength',false,array(6,20)); $this->addElement($email); /*********************PASSWORD**********************/ $password = new Zend_Form_Element_Password('password'); $alnumValidator = new Zend_Validate_Alnum(); $password ->setRequired(true) ->setLabel('Password:') ->addFilter('StringToLower') ->addValidator('alnum') ->addValidator('regex', false, array('/^[a-z]+/')) ->addValidator('stringLength',false,array(6,20)); $this->addElement($password); /*********************NAME**********************/ $name = new Zend_Form_Element_Text('name'); $alnumValidator = new Zend_Validate_Alnum(); $name ->setRequired(true) ->setLabel('Name:') ->addFilter('StringToLower') ->addValidator('alnum') ->addValidator('regex', false, array('/^[a-z]+/')) ->addValidator('stringLength',false,array(6,20)); $this->addElement($name); /*********************LASTNAME**********************/ $lastname = new Zend_Form_Element_Text('lastname'); $alnumValidator = new Zend_Validate_Alnum(); $lastname ->setRequired(true) ->setLabel('Last Name:') ->addFilter('StringToLower') ->addValidator('alnum') ->addValidator('regex', false, array('/^[a-z]+/')) ->addValidator('stringLength',false,array(6,20)); $this->addElement($lastname); /*********************DATEOFBIRTH**********************/ $dateofbirth = new Zend_Form_Element_Text('dateofbirth'); $alnumValidator = new Zend_Validate_Alnum(); $dateofbirth->setRequired(true) ->setLabel('Date of Birth:') ->addFilter('StringToLower') ->addValidator('alnum') ->addValidator('regex', false, array('/^[a-z]+/')) ->addValidator('stringLength',false,array(6,20)); $this->addElement($dateofbirth); /*********************AVATAR**********************/ $avatar = new Zend_Form_Element_File('avatar'); $alnumValidator = new Zend_Validate_Alnum(); $avatar ->setRequired(true) ->setLabel('Please select a display picture:'); $this->addElement($avatar); /*********************SUBMIT**********************/ $this->addElement('submit', 'login', array('label' => 'Login')); } } ?> Here's the code I use to save the values: public function saveforminformationAction(){ $form = new Sergio_Form_registrationform(); $request = $this->getRequest(); //if($request->isPost() && $form->isValid($_POST)){ $data = $form->getValues(); $db = $this->_getParam('db'); $db->insert('user',$data); //} } When trying to save the values, I recieve a ghastly error: Column 'login' not found.

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  • regular expression search in python

    - by Richard
    Hello all, I am trying to parse some data and just started reading up on regular Expressions so I am pretty new to it. This is the code I have so far String = "MEASUREMENT 3835 303 Oxygen: 235.78 Saturation: 90.51 Temperature: 24.41 DPhase: 33.07 BPhase: 29.56 RPhase: 0.00 BAmp: 368.57 BPot: 18.00 RAmp: 0.00 RawTem.: 68.21" String = String.strip('\t\x11\x13') String = String.split("Oxygen:") print String[1] String[1].lstrip print String[1] What I am trying to do is to do is remove the oxygen data (235.78) and put it in its own variable using an regular expression search. I realize that there should be an easy solution but I am trying to figure out how regular expressions work and they are making my head hurt. Thanks for any help Richard

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  • Command-line input causes SyntaxError

    - by coson
    Good Day, I have a simple Python question that I'm having brain freeze on. This code snippet works. But when I substitue "258 494-3929" with phoneNumber, I get the following error below: # Compare phone number phone_pattern = '^\d{3} ?\d{3}-\d{4}$' # phoneNumber = str(input("Please enter a phone number: ")) if re.search(phone_pattern, "258 494-3929"): print "Pattern matches" else: print "Pattern doesn't match!" ####################################################### Pattern does not match Please enter a phone number: 258 494-3929 Traceback (most recent call last): File "pattern_match.py", line 16, in <module> phoneNumber = str(input("Please enter a phone number: ")) File "<string>", line 1 258 494-3929 ^ SyntaxError: invalid syntax C:\Users\Developer\Documents\PythonDemo> By the way, I did import re and tried using rstrip in case of the \n What else could I be missing? Thanks in advance.

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  • Filtering most out of XML with XSL?

    - by Gnudiff
    I need to transform a lot of XML files (Fedora export) into a different kind of XML. Trying to do it with XSL stylesheets and checking with the msxsl transformer. Supposedly I have xml file like this (assuming there are actually other nodes inside AAA, OBJ, amd all other nodes), Source.XML: <DOC> <AAA> <STUFF>example</STUFF> <OBJ> <OBJVERS id="A1" CREATED="2008-02-18T13:28:08.245Z"/> <OBJVERS id="A2" CREATED="2008-02-19T10:42:41.965Z"/> <OBJVERS id="A13" CREATED="2009-03-16T12:43:11.703Z"/> </OBJ> </AAA> <FFF/> <GGG/> <DDD> <FILE /> </DDD> </DOC> Which I need to look something like this (Target.XML): <MYOBJ> <ELEM>contents of OBJVERS with the biggest id OR creation date (whichever is easier to do) go here</ELEM> <IMAGE> contents of <FILE> node go here</IMAGE> </MYOBJ> The main problem that I have is that since I am new to XSL (and for this particular task do not have enough time to learn it properly) is that I can't understand how to tell XSL processor not to process anything else, I keep getting output from , for example. Update: basically, I solved this problem meanwhile. I will post my own answer and close the question. Update2: OK, Andrew's answer works, too, so I am just accepting it. :)

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  • Difference between Popup's IsOpen and Visibility properties?

    - by cfouche
    I've played around with the WPF Popup Control and as far as I can see, the Visibility property is superfluous. If you have a Popup with IsOpen = True, it will be visible even if its Visibility = Collapsed. If you have a Popup with IsOpen = False, then its Visibility will be Collapsed, and will remain "Collapsed" when IsOpen changes to true, and it will appear. (i.e. you'll have something that appears on your screen, even though Snoop says it is Collapsed.) Why does the Popup control have both these properties? Am I missing something here?

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  • PDCurses TUI with C++ Win32 console application

    - by Bach
    I have downloaded pdcurses source and was able to successfully include curses.h in my project, linked the pre-compiled library and all good. After few hours of trying out the library, I saw the tuidemo.c in the demos folder, compiled it into an executable and brilliant! exactly what I needed for my project. Now the problem is that it's a C code, and I am working on a C++ project in VS c++ 2008. The files I need are tui.c and tui.h How can I include that C file in my C++ code? I saw few suggestions here but the compiler was not too happy with 100's of warnings and errors. How can I go on including/using that TUI pdcurses includes!? Thanks EDIT: I added extern "C" statement, so my test looks like this now, but I'm getting some other type of error #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> using namespace std; extern "C" { #include <tui.h> } void sub0(void) { //do nothing } void sub1(void) { //do nothing } int main (int argc, char * const argv[]) { menu MainMenu[] = { { "Asub", sub0, "Go inside first submenu" }, { "Bsub", sub1, "Go inside second submenu" }, { "", (FUNC)0, "" } /* always add this as the last item! */ }; startmenu(MainMenu, "TUI - 'textual user interface' demonstration program"); return 0; } Although it is compiling successfully, it is throwing an Error at runtime: 0xC0000005: Access violation reading location 0x021c52f9 at line startmenu(MainMenu, "TUI - 'textual user interface' demonstration program"); Not sure where to go from here. thanks again.

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  • How do I get user input to refer to a variable in Python?

    - by somefreakingguy
    I would like to get user input to refer to some list in my code. I think it's called namespace? So, what would I have to do to this code for me to print whatever the user inputs, supposing they input 'list1' or 'list2'? list1 = ['cat', 'dog', 'juice'] list2 = ['skunk', 'bats', 'pogo stick'] x = raw_input('which list would you like me to print?') I plan to have many such lists, so a series of if...then statements seems unruly.

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  • Sort a python dict

    - by ensnare
    I have a list of dictionaries: [{'title':'New York Times', 'title_url':'New_York_Times','id':4}, {'title':'USA Today','title_url':'USA_Today','id':6}, {'title':'Apple News','title_url':'Apple_News','id':2}] I'd like to sort it by the title, so elements with A go before Z: [{'title':'Apple News','title_url':'Apple_News','id':2}, {'title':'New York Times', 'title_url':'New_York_Times','id':4}, {'title':'USA Today','title_url':'USA_Today','id':6}] What's the best way to do this? Also, is there a way to ensure the order of each dictionary key stays constant, e.g., always title, title_url, then id? Thank you.

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  • Understanding Device Contexts

    - by Smashery
    As a relative newcomer to MFC, I see Device Contexts (DCs) a lot. I vaguely understand that it's something to do with drawing, but the specifics are not very well explained anywhere that I can find. What does creating a "compatible Device Context" mean, and why is it important? What does SelectObject do, and how must I make a DC compatible first?

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  • Python doesn't work properly when I execute a script after using Right Click >> Command Prompt Here

    - by Dominic Bou-Samra
    This is a weird bug. I know it's something funky going on with my PATH variable, but no idea how to fix it. If I have a script C:\Test\test.py and I execute it from within IDLE, it works fine. If I open up Command Prompt using Runcmd.exe and navigate manually it works fine. But if I use Windows 7's convenient Right Click on folder Command Prompt Here then type test.py it fails with import errors. I also cannot just type "python" to reach a python shell session if I use the latter method above. Any ideas?

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  • Problem with "scopes" of variables in try catch blocks in Java

    - by devoured elysium
    Could anyone explain me why in the last lines, br is not recognized as variable? I've even tried putting br in the try clause, setting it as final, etc. Does this have anything to do with Java not support closures? I am 99% confident similar code would work in C#. private void loadCommands(String fileName) { try { final BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(fileName)); while (br.ready()) { actionList.add(CommandFactory.GetCommandFromText(this, br.readLine())); } } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (br != null) br.close(); //<-- This gives error. It doesn't // know the br variable. } } Thanks

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