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• Managed LAMP platform for maximizing availability and global reach, not scalability

  - by user66819

  Assume a Linux/Apache/MySQL/PHP application for a small base of registered users. With small userbase, there are no traffic peaks so the scalability that cloud platforms offer is not imperative. But the system is mission-critical, so availability is the primary goal. Users are also distributed across Asia, Europe, and US, so multiple server locations that minimize users' network hops would be highly desirable. The dream: a managed VPS platform where we would configure a single server (uploading PHP and other files, manipulating database, etc.), and the platform would automatically mirror the server in a handful of key places around the world (say one on each US coast, one in Europe, one in east Asia). File system synchronization and MySQL replication would happen automatically. Core operating system is managed, so we don't need to do full system administration and security, and low-level backups are also done by service provider, though we also do our own backups as well. Couple this with some sort of DNS geo-detection, so users are routed to the nearest operational server... with support for https, of course. Does such a dream exist? If not, what are some approaches to accomplish the same end with minimal time investment and minimal monthly hosting costs?

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• Website latency and bad tcp packets

  - by Mistero Lupo

  I have multiple websites hosted on a Linode VPS and I'm having an issue with one of them: every page that I try to load has about 10 seconds latency. Apache logs are clean and the other websites on the same machine are running well. At a first glance I tought it was a memory problem since the VPS has got only 512M, but from the linode dashboard CPU and Disk I/O are normal. Anyway here we have the ram status: $ free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 487 463 23 0 2 55 -/+ buffers/cache: 404 82 Swap: 255 155 100 Only 23M free, but if it was a memory problem why other websites are going as usual? I took a live capture with wireshark, and there are some duplicates SYN ACK packets just before the 10 seconds gap. I'm out of ideas, looking for some clues. Wireshark live capture screenshot As you can see from the image, the gap is after the last bad tcp. Thank you in advance. UPDATE I've checked Apache2 logs in debug error level, and this is where something is appening: 151.97.156.191 - - [14/Nov/2012:11:19:40 +0100] [www.fmaisi.it/sid#7f32c625a220][rid#7f32c6801578/subreq] (3) [perdir /home/fmaisi/sites/www.fmaisi.it/public_html/] applying pattern '^index\.php$' to uri 'index.php' 151.97.156.191 - - [14/Nov/2012:11:19:40 +0100] [www.fmaisi.it/sid#7f32c625a220][rid#7f32c6801578/subreq] (1) [perdir /home/fmaisi/sites/www.fmaisi.it/public_html/] pass through /home/fmaisi/sites/www.fmaisi.it/public_html/index.php 151.97.156.191 - - [14/Nov/2012:11:19:54 +0100] [www.fmaisi.it/sid#7f32c625a220][rid#7f32c6537c78/initial] (3) [perdir /home/fmaisi/sites/www.fmaisi.it/public_html/] strip per-dir prefix: /home/fmaisi/sites/www.fmaisi.it/public_html/wp-content/plugins/wp-filebase/wp-filebase_css.php -> wp-content/plugins/wp-filebase/wp-filebase_css.php 151.97.156.191 - - [14/Nov/2012:11:19:54 +0100] [www.fmaisi.it/sid#7f32c625a220][rid#7f32c6537c78/initial] (3) [perdir /home/fmaisi/sites/www.fmaisi.it/public_html/] applying pattern '^index\.php$' to uri 'wp-content/plugins/wp-filebase/wp-filebase_css.php' As you can see there is a gap of 14 seconds after the pass through of index.php. Any suggestions? I'm out of ideas again.

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• Tuning Linux + HAProxy

  - by react

  I'm currently rolling out HAProxy on Centos 6 which will send requests to some Apache HTTPD servers and I'm having issues with performance. I've spent the last couple of days googling and still can't seem to get past 10k/sec connections consistently when benchmarking (sometimes I do get 30k/sec though). I've pinned the IRQ's of the TX/RX queues for both the internal and external NICS to separate CPU cores and made sure HAProxy is pinned to it's own core. I've also made the following adjustments to sysctl.conf: # Max open file descriptors fs.file-max = 331287 # TCP Tuning net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65023 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 10240 net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 400000 net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 60000 net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 3 net.core.somaxconn = 40000 net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 8192 16384 net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 8192 16384 net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 65536 98304 131072 net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 40000 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1 If I use AB to hit the a webserver directly I easily get 30k/s connections. If I stop the webservers and use AB to hit HAProxy then I get 30k/s connections but obviously it's useless. I've also disabled iptables for now since I read that nf_conntrack can slow everything down, no change. I've also disabled the irqbalance service. The fact that I can hit each individual device with 30k/s makes me believe the tuning of the servers is OK and that it must be some HAProxy config? Here's the config which I've built from reading tuning articles, etc http://pastebin.com/zsCyAtgU The server is a dual Xeon CPU E5-2620 (6 cores) with 32GB of RAM. Running Centos 6.2 x64. The private and public interfaces are on separate NICS. Anyone have any ideas? Thanks.

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• Reverse web proxy with time constraints

  - by user2893458

  I have a web application which produces several unique URLs of the type http://service.company.com/service.html?type=aaaa&key=jfiZm6u6cW where the last part is a randomly generated key. Each such URL provides access to an instance of the service provided. I am looking for a way to restrict access to those URLs based on time constraints, as an example URL#1 should be available between 8:00AM and 10:00AM on May 30, URL#2 should be available between 10:30AM and 12:00PM on May 31, and so on. I already have a resource scheduling application based on Drupal and would like to find a way to include those URLs as scheduled resources. The web application is deployed on Apache Tomcat, so I don't have the knowledge or the resources to alter it, therefore I thought that I could put some sort of reverse proxy in front of the web app that could implement the time constraint feature. In my thoughts the reverse proxy would allow or disallow access to each URL based on the rules that my scheduling application would provide. There may be other ways to deliver such a solution, but I can't think of anything better, so the question is: is there a reverse web proxy architecture that could allow access to the destination URLs based on time and date rules? Any other ideas are more than welcome.

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• PassEnv does not find ENV variables

  - by quodlibetor

  I've got this /etc/profile.d/myfile.sh: export MYVAR=myval I also have a PassEnv MYVAR line in a <virtualhost> section of an apache conf dir. That lets me do things like: $ echo $MYVAR myval $ python >>> import os; os.getenv('MYVAR') 'myval' $ sudo echo $MYVAR myval $ sudo -i root# echo $MYVAR myval But then, despite that being the case I get: root# /sbin/service httpd restart /sbin/service httpd restart Stopping httpd: [ OK ] Starting httpd: [Mon Oct 22 14:44:02 2012] [warn] PassEnv variable MYVAR was undefined [ OK ] And all of my attempts to access MYVAR from within my wsgi scripts just don't work. Thoughts? Am I doing something obviously wrong? EDIT for more detail I've got a swarm of computers/VMs and a swarm of developers working on a swarm of projects. I need a simple central place to keep environment information, the most common is the "environment" (dev/stage/prod). The scheme that we've got (modifying *.wsgi programmatically) is turning out to be more fragile than we'd like. The main options that I see are: put things in the shell environment put things in other config files Getting things into the shell environment is the best, because we won't need to write yet more duplicated "what is my environment" code.

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• server_name seems to be ignored in nginx

  - by user46171

  I have two domains set up in nginx.conf. Both are using SSL with their own certificates, and proxy to Apache. However the second domain is completely ignored, and nginx always resolves to the first domain. I can't see what in the issue is with this configuration, having set the server_name in each case correctly (as far as I can see): http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; keepalive_timeout 65; upstream site { # real IP addresses masked server xx.xxx.x.xxx; server xx.xxx.x.xxx; } server { # this domain always works listen 443; server_name *.first-site.com; ssl on; ssl_certificate /var/ssl/first-site.crt; ssl_certificate_key /var/ssl/first-site.key; location / { access_log off; proxy_connect_timeout 15; proxy_next_upstream error; proxy_pass http://site; proxy_set_header Host $http_host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Protocol https; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_redirect off; } } server { # this domain is ignored, always resolves to first-site.com listen 443; server_name *.second-site.com; ssl on; ssl_certificate /var/ssl/second-site.crt; ssl_certificate_key /var/ssl/second-site.key; location / { access_log off; proxy_connect_timeout 15; proxy_next_upstream error; proxy_pass http://site; proxy_set_header Host $http_host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Protocol https; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_redirect off; } } }

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• How expensive is a hostname in htaccess? Other solutions possible?

  - by Nanne

  For easy allow or disallowing of dynamic IP-adresses you can add them as a hostname in a .htaccess file. As I have read from: .htaccess allow from hostname? it does a reverse lookup on the connecting ip address, seeing if the response matches the allowed name. (Well, actually Apache is doing a double lookup, first a reverse lookup and then a forward lookup on the result of the reverse.) This is the reason we are currently not using dynamic-ip hostnames in the .htaccess: this "sounds" quite heavy: 2 extra lookups for every request. Is this indeed quite heavy, and would a reasonably busy server that is rather looking for less then more load get away with this :)? (e.g.: how does this 'load' compare to the rest? If a request is 1000 times more expensive then the lookups it might be negligible. otoh, it could be that final straw :) ) Are there other solutions? I can write a script that does a lookup of the hostname and put it in .htaccess files ofcourse, but this feels a bit like a hack.

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• How do I restrict access to certain web files/folders on an IIS 7.5 based web server?

  - by cpuguru

  We're moving a website that was previously hosted on Win2k3 & IIS 6 to a Win2k8 R2 & IIS 7.5 platform. The website is public, but we want to restrict anonymous access to certain files and folders such that the user would be prompted for a password to access them. If this were Apache, a simple .htaccess file would serve the purpose. However, since it's IIS 7.5 and we're serving up mainly static HTML files and a few classic ASP pages I'm in a bit of a quandry as to how to restrict access to individual files and folders for various committees such that attempts to committee_1's files and/or folders would prompt the user for a password and, if entered correctly, would serve up their files. Same thing for committee_2 and so on. Under IIS 6, we would take away the read privileges for IIS_IUSRS and create a user called "committee_1" with a password known by the group and give that user read privileges to the files/folders. There's got to be a better (and more secure) way. Reminder, these are not *.aspx pages that are being served up. Any suggestions on how to password protect key files and/or folders under IIS 7.5 are much appreciated.

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• Query specific nameserver for a particular domain upon VPN connect

  - by MT

  Some background: I have a work laptop with Ubuntu 9.10 on it. I have a small network at home where I've been running some basic services (for myself/my family) for 10 some years. In my home network there is a nameserver (Fedora) running Bind 9 with two "views". One view is the "outside" view and it provides name resolution (to the Internet at large) for email, a wiki, and a couple of blogs. The "inside" view provides name resolution (to the internal RFC1918 addresses of theses servers) as well as all the inside hosts, network equipment, ...etc. I connect with an openvpn client to my home network from outside (such as work). What I'd like to be able to do is resolve names on my internal network across this VPN (so I get the RFC1918 "inside" responses) without fully changing my resolver to the DNS server at my hose. For example, if I connect to the VPN from work, I can change my resolver (by editing resolv.conf) to the DNS server at my house (across the VPN) and then successfully resolve all of the inside DNS names on my home network. The issue I have with this is that now I'm no longer able to resolve "inside" names provided by my work's DNS servers (because I'm using my home DNS server). Alternatively, I can connect to the VPN and access my home severs via IP addresses directly, but this is inconvenient and causes issues with Apache name-based hosting (among other things). In the end, the effect I'm trying to achieve is as follows: When I connect to the VPN I automatically start sending DNS requests for *.myhomedomain.com to my home nameserver, but any other requests continue to go the the nameserver I was using before (the one I received on my company LAN via DHCP). When I disconnect the VPN, requests for *.myhomedomain.com go back to the local LAN DNS server (e.g. all requests are going there now). I'm looking for suggestion at to how this can be accomplished.

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• sudo or acl or setuid/setgid?

  - by Xavier Maillard

  for a reason I do not really understand, everyone wants sudo for all and everything. At work we even have as many entries as there are way to read a logfile (head/tail/cat/more, ...). I think, sudo is defeating here. I'd rather use a mix of setgid/setuid directories and add ACL here and there but I really need to know what are the best practices before starting up. Our servers have %admin, %production, %dba, %users -i.e many groups and many users. Each service (mysql, apache, ...) has its own way to install privileges but members of the %production group must be able to consult configuration file or even log files. There is still the solution to add them into the right groups (mysql...) and set the good permission. But I do not want to usermod all users, I do not want to modify standards permissions since it could change after each upgrade. On the other hand, setting acls and/or mixing setuid/setgid on directories is something I could easily do without "defacing" the standard distribution. What do you think about this ? Taking the mysql example, that would look like this: setfacl d:g:production:rx,d:other::---,g:production:rx,other::--- /var/log/mysql /etc/mysql Do you think this is good practise or should I definetely usermod -G mysql and play with standard permissions system ? Thank you

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• visually documenting web server configuration and infrastructure

  - by Alex Ciarlillo

  I have just finished a large re-organization and update of our institutions web server(s). This server hosts 3 virtual hosts, 3-4 blogs, 2 wikis, some legacy static HTML pages, and many hosted documents (PDF, .jpg, .xls). I have organized the site into a structure of something like: /var/www/sites/vhost1, vhost2, vhost3 .../wordpress/blogX .../mediawiki/wikiX Data is in a seperate directory structure so I can run a cron task over it to make sure it is all writeable and such. I then symlink to these data directories for each application. /var/www/data/vhost1, vhost2, vhost3 .../wordpress/blogX/uploads .../mediawiki/wikiX/images All Apache configs are in /etc/httpd/conf.d/vhosts.d/vhost1,2,3.conf On top of this there is also a testing server which mirrors this setup. Once changes are fully tested, they are rsynced down to the live server. All the wordpress installs and mediawiki installs are straight form SVN and updates are done by switching branches or "svn up". So my question is how can I best document to share with a) co-workers, b) possible future replacement, c) myself 6 months from now. Obviously I can make a wiki page, excel document, whatever and fill it with text, but I am looking for a more visual representation that I can use to explain the architecture to less-technical people. Ideally it would be awesome if this visual representation could then be expanded to get more technical details.

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• nginx + IIS + GET

  - by Eralde

  I have nginx on pc "A" & IIS with ASP.NET on pc "B". nginx is configured like this: ... location ~ ((Web|Script)Resource.*)$ { proxy_pass "B"/$1; proxy_redirect off; proxy_set_header REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr; proxy_set_header REQUEST_URI $request_uri; proxy_set_header HTTP_REFERER $http_referer; #proxy_set_header REQUEST_URI $request_uri; proxy_set_header QUERY_STRING $query_string; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header Host $http_host; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; }... but requests to "B"/WebScript?a=b&c=d aren't able to deliver GET data (a=b&c=d) to IIS part. Could anyone help with this? Edit: There's some additional info: nginx is also configured to proxy other data to Apache, running on "A" everything is fine there (at least GET is OK). configuration is the same as above, but for different location

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• Ubuntu server 10.04 disconnects after short periods of inactivity on my site

  - by user57019

  I'm new to Ubuntu (installed it for the first time just a couple of days ago on my server). I've Ubuntu Server 10.04 and am just using the terminal, no GUI like Gnome. So far it's working pretty great except for one big thing. Whenever I go to sleep and there's no activity on my server (it's not a big site so active users drop to 0 during the night), the server kind of disconnects. The only thing that can bring the site back online is to restart the whole server. I've tried disabling powersaving by using setterm but that changes nothing. Even if I wake up the server by pressing any key or so the site wont go back online! I've tried just restarting both Apache and MySQL (I'm using LAMP-server btw) but not even that works. But as soon as I turn the power off and on at the server, everythings work like normal for a couple of minutes of inactivity (~5-15 minutes I'd guess) and then it's down again unless someone logs in to the site and is active. I was previously using XAMPP on my laptop with Windows XP and that worked 24/7 so I don't think it's anything with my router or ISP. This is driving me crazy! My site is down all the time I'm in school as I have no possibility to restart the server if it becomes offline. Does anyone have a clue to what could be wrong?

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• SSL Mail server connection times out on send()

  - by Jivan

  When trying to programmatically send an email from a website of mine, with PHP Pear Mail package with SSL connection, PEAR:Mail replies the following : Failed to connect to example.blabla.net:PORT [SMTP: Failed to connect socket: connection timed out (code: -1, response: )] I looked for similar questions on SO and SF, all the answers asking the OP to test a request on telnet or ssh in command line. So, that is what I did and here is what happens : $ ssh -l myusername -p PORT example.blablabla.net _ Here, '_' in the second line means that NOTHING happens. Indefinitely, which seems coherent with the timeout message I had from PEAR:Mail. So PEAR:Mail seems out of cause. But, what I have to tell you is that yesterday, it just worked. Connection was properly established, mails were properly sent, etc. Just today, it doesn't work anymore and I absolutely don't know why. I restarted Apache (in case an extension was broken), restarted mail services, etc. Still. No effect. Before yesterday (when it worked) and today (when it doesn't anymore), I just didn't touch the server and did nothing on it, simply because I took a day off to write some blog post! Have anyone of you encountered similar problem ? The problem seems quite common, judging after some googling, but the solution doesn't. Thanks for any help ! (note on config : CentOS 6.4 x86_64 with cPanel/WHM)

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• Nginx Removes the index.php from URL

  - by codeHead

  I have a codeigniter php application on nginx. It works as expected on Apache but after moving to nginx, I noticed that the index.php is automatically removed from the URL in all my links. Infact when I try using index.php it does not go to the desired URL but gets redirected to my default controller. below is a coopy of my nginx.conf file. server{ listen 80; server_name mydomainname.com; root /var/www/domain/current; # index index.php; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; location / { # Check if a file or directory index file exists, else route it to index.php. try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php ; } location ~* \.php { fastcgi_pass backend; include fastcgi.conf; fastcgi_buffer_size 128k; fastcgi_buffers 4 256k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k; fastcgi_read_timeout 500; #fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root/index.php; add_header Expires "Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:01 GMT"; add_header Cache-Control "no-cache, no-store, private, proxy-revalidate, must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0"; add_header Pragma no-cache; add_header X-Served-By $hostname; } location ~* ^.+\.(css|js)$ { expires 7d; add_header Pragma public; add_header Cache-Control "public"; } # set expiration of assets to MAX for caching location ~* \.(ico|gif|jpe?g|png)(\?[0-9]+)?$ { expires max; log_not_found on; } } I need to use my URL With the index.php -- please help.

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• cannot get mssql working with sql server 2005

  - by Ryan

  I'm a MySQL/Apache user, trying my hand with IIS and SQL server, so please, if this is a stupid question have patience. I'm using IIS version 7.5. PHP version 5.3.13 and SQL server 2005 IIS is running on port 90, not sure if that will make a difference or not. I know my sql server is running because I can explore/connect to it in Server management studio. I know php is configured properly, because //localhost:90/phpinfo.php works fine. I updated the php_msql.dll extension in phpinfo to: extension=ext/php_msql.dll EDIT- However, when I run phpinfo() under the "configure command" row, this is present: --without-mssql I found/downloaded the ntwdblib.dll and placed it in both sys32 and php root. All these things were supposed to fix the issue, and they haven't. This is the code I'm using, straight from php.net: <?php // Server in the this format: <computer>\<instance name> or // <server>,<port> when using a non default port number $server = 'localhost'; // Connect to MSSQL $link = mssql_connect($server, 'uname', 'pwd'); if (!$link) { die('Something went wrong while connecting to MSSQL'); } ?> obviously I'm using a real username and password, but when I load the file in my browser, I receive a 500 error. Upon checking the log, this is what is displayed: 2012-06-25 12:41:29 ::1 GET /test.php - 90 - ::1 Mozilla/5.0+(Windows+NT+6.1;+WOW64)+AppleWebKit/536.5+(KHTML,+like+Gecko)+Chrome/19.0.1084.56+Safari/536.5 500 0 0 5 That (to me) doesn't help me much. What am I doing wrong? Thank you

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• Performance-optimizing Oracle 10g on a server that is also a Tomcat JSP app server?

  - by PKHunter

  I have inherited a simple RedHat 5 - 64bit platform. It has SCSI disks on RAID1, with 16GB of RAM. Double Core CPU. Oracle 10g, Release 2. This would be a decent platform for running the DB only, perhaps, but the same server in an "A-A mode" clustering (very simple) also runs Tomcat and there are several Java servlets running on this. Sadly there is no caching platform etc. We only use an external CDN for some html caching. I am personally more familiar with web environments on the LAMPP platform (apache, php, mysql, postgresql). PROBLEM: Because the server has both Tomcat JSP/Java and Oracle 10g running on the same server, with no caching, I have some issues of the server going down. Often, sadly. QUESTION: What are my options in terms of improving performance of all these different apps? Connection Pooling? Example, in Postgresql world we have PgBouncer, which really helps things. Does Oracle have something similar? Or is there a famous Java-based external pooler that people use in production environments? (I'm not familiar with Java) Any "SQL cache" as in the MySQL and Postgresql world? Any other kind of application cache, as "APC" or "eAccelarator" in the PHP world? The "OSCache" stuff from the Java world (JSP thingie I found on Google: http://onjava.com/pub/a/onjava/2005/01/05/jspcache.html?page=2) ... What else? Sorry if this is a noob question. I have googled and googled, but problem is I don't know what to google for, other than the broad general concepts above. So if not full answers, I would even appreciate basic pointers and I am happy to JFGI myself. Thanks!

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• where Redirect permanent rule need to be add

  - by eli1128

  I want redirect my web site http request to https my web site is https://test my apache is version 2.4 and ssl configration is (ssl.conf) on separate file from httpd.conf and I am not using .htaccess file so where I should append. i have tried on both file but didn't work. Redirect permanent / https://test is that should be on my httpd.conf or ssl.conf or did I miss something else. I prefer to use redirect over rewrite. Rewrite.log 10.10.86.1 - - [05/Apr/2012:15:10:19 --0700] [test/sid#7ce00][rid#277448/initial/redir#1] (2) init rewrite engine with requested uri /error/HTTP_BAD_REQUEST.html.var 10.10.86.1 - - [05/Apr/2012:15:10:19 --0700] [test/sid#7ce00][rid#277448/initial/redir#1] (3) applying pattern '^(.*)$' to uri '/error/HTTP_BAD_REQUEST.html.var' 10.10.86.1 - - [05/Apr/2012:15:10:19 --0700] [test/sid#7ce00][rid#277448/initial/redir#1] (4) RewriteCond: input='off' pattern='!=on' = matched 10.10.86.1 - - [05/Apr/2012:15:10:19 --0700] [test/sid#7ce00][rid#277448/initial/redir#1] (2) rewrite /error/HTTP_BAD_REQUEST.html.var - *ttps://test/error/HTTP_BAD_REQUEST.html.var[QSA,R=301,L] 10.10.86.1 - - [05/Apr/2012:15:10:19 --0700] [test/sid#7ce00][rid#277448/initial /redir#1] (2) implicitly forcing redirect (rc=302) with *ttps://test/error/HTTP_BAD_REQUEST.html.var[QSA,R=301,L] 10.10.86.1 - - [05/Apr/2012:15:10:19 --0700] [test/sid#7ce00][rid#277448/initial/redir#1] (1) escaping *ttps://test/error/HTTP_BAD_REQUEST.html.var[QSA,R=301,L] for redirect 10.10.86.1 - - [05/Apr/2012:15:10:19 --0700] [test/sid#7ce00][rid#277448/initial/redir#1] (1) redirect to *ttps://test/error/HTTP_BAD_REQUEST.html.var%5bQSA,R=301,L%5d [REDIRECT/302]

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• Timestamp Updating Constantly on /dev/null

  - by motorleague

  I've been working on a problem with a /dev/null file on an AIX system (just for background it looks as though it was inadvertently deleted and recreated as a normal file by somebody), but in trying to determine what caused the problem, I noticed that the timestamp on it seems to update every minute. I've observed this on several AIX servers at my workplace. At present I can't entirely rule out this be something specific to the Application being used at my workplace, so I compared with CentOS and Debian based computers at home last night. The CentOS box, which runs 24 hours, had a mod time on /dev/null of around 4 days ago (during which time it was essentially just being used as a web browser and multimedia player, although it would have had active but essentially unused Apache, MySQL and VMM processes running in the background). The timestamp on /dev/null on the Debian machine, which was a just booted laptop, pretty much reflected the boot time, but I tested redirecting STDIN from, and STDOUT to it, and the modification time was unchanged (I'm not sure 100% sure if directing data to /dev/null constitutes "writing to it" in the way it would a normal file). So my question is essentially, could anybody please offer any advice with regards to what circumstances (permissions changes etc.. aside) might cause the timestamp on /dev/null to update? Thanks very much for any suggestions. Alex.

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• environment variables generated by at command

  - by Jordan Arseno

  I'm inspecting /var/spool/cron/atjobs/a001cf01570e44 with cat, after running the at command from PHP using exec(). It looks like at has prepended the script with lots of APACHE environment variables. #!/bin/sh # atrun uid=33 gid=33 # mail www-data 0 umask 22 APACHE_RUN_DIR=/var/run/apache2; export APACHE_RUN_DIR APACHE_PID_FILE=/var/run/apache2.pid; export APACHE_PID_FILE PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin; export PATH APACHE_LOCK_DIR=/var/lock/apache2; export APACHE_LOCK_DIR LANG=C; export LANG APACHE_RUN_USER=www-data; export APACHE_RUN_USER APACHE_RUN_GROUP=www-data; export APACHE_RUN_GROUP APACHE_LOG_DIR=/var/log/apache2; export APACHE_LOG_DIR PWD=/home/jordanarseno/webroot/public_html/myapp; export PWD cd /home/jordanarseno/webroot/public\_html/myapp || { echo 'Execution directory inaccessible' >&2 exit 1 } curl -k http://localhost/myapp/crons/this_action/3 The last line is the only real command I sent along with at via stdin. What is the purpose of these variables? Where is this procedure stored?

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• Strange issue in header location redirect

  - by hd01

  I have three websites hosted (example1.com, example2.com, example3.com) on a server. There is a page (test.php) on example1.com with just code below inside it: <?php header('Location:http://example2.com/a.php'); ?> When I browse test.php it goes to http://example1.com/a.php . it doesn't understand it is another domain url, it tried to find the page on itself. but when I put http://google.com instead of example2.com/a.php it works correct. I really get confused. What is the problem ? Should I set some configuration on the server? ( I am administrator of the hosting server ). Ps. The server is behind a pound server. Here's the Firebug Net output for example1.com/test.php Response Headers: HTTP/1.1 302 Found Date: Tue, 09 Oct 2012 09:03:34 GMT Server: Apache/2.2.16 (Debian) Location: http://example1.com/a.php Vary: Accept-Encoding Content-Encoding: gzip Content-Length: 21 Keep-Alive: timeout=15, max=100 Connection: Keep-Alive Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 Request Headers: Accept text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8 Accept-Encoding gzip, deflate Accept-Language en-us,en;q=0.5 Connection keep-alive Cookie mycookie Host example1.com User-Agent Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; rv:14.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/14.0.1

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• Passive mode FTP file download hangs from specific machine

  - by chiptuned

  I have a server which is an AWS instance that just cannot download files from a specific FTP server. I can connect to the FTP server fine and run some commands, but when I request a file it just hangs. Here is the debug output of the base linux ftp client after login: ---> SYST 215 UNIX Type: Apache FtpServer Remote system type is UNIX. ftp> get outgoing/catalog.gz catalog.gz local: catalog.gz remote: outgoing/catalog.gz ---> PASV 227 Entering Passive Mode (64,156,167,125,135,191) ---> RETR outgoing/catalog.gz 150 File status okay; about to open data connection. Thats it. Then it just sits there and nothing transfers. I have verified that a data connection is made but the client gets no data. ? ss -nt dst 64.156.167.125 State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port ESTAB 0 0 10.185.147.150:41190 64.156.167.125:21 ESTAB 0 0 10.185.147.150:48871 64.156.167.125:48557 The FTP server is not in my control and downloads from other FTP servers in passive mode have worked. Active mode does not work as the system is behind a firewall. Every FTP client I've tried has the same problem. The download works from other systems, even from other AWS instances I have with the same Security Group. Not necessarily the same distro or config though. I understand it may be some issue on the server side, but I want to know what it is about my particular machine where the transfer hangs and where on every other machine I can get my hands on, it works. Please let me know what the culprit on the client side could be or ideas on what else to look at.

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• What steps should I take to secure Tomcat 6.x?

  - by PAS

  I am in the process of setting up an new Tomcat deployment, and want it to be as secure as possible. I have created a 'jakarta' user and have jsvc running Tomcat as a daemon. Any tips on directory permissions and such to limit access to Tomcat's files? I know I will need to remove the default webapps - docs, examples, etc... are there any best practices I should be using here? What about all the config XML files? Any tips there? Is it worth enabling the Security manager so that webapps run in a sandbox? Has anyone had experience setting this up? I have seen examples of people running two instances of Tomcat behind Apache. It seems this can be done using mod_jk or with mod_proxy... any pros/cons of either? Is it worth the trouble? In case it matters, the OS is Debian lenny. I am not using apt-get because lenny only offers tomcat 5.5 and we require 6.x. Thanks!

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• Dump Trac DB on Windows/XAMPP

  - by Whiteknight

  I have a Trac instance running on a WindowsXP machine with XAMPP. I am trying to migrate the trac instance to a newer Linux-based machine. However, I'm having a hard time getting the database to cooperate. I try to dump the db with this command: sqlite3 C:\tracroot\db\trac.db ".dump" >> mysqldump.sql But the generated file is mostly empty: BEGIN TRANSACTION; COMMIT; So that's not right. For the record my trac instance is running now and appears to have full access to all the contents of the DB. But sqlite3 (located in C:\xampp\apache\bin) can't seem to get any information from the file. The DB file itself has the header "SQLite format 3", so that seems to be correct. I need to know one of two things: How to get this dump working OR An alternate way to migrate the Trac database to the new machine. Update: When I try to open the .db file in sqlite3, I get the error Error: unsupported file format. What format is it in, and why is it unsupported?

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• How to divert traffic based on hostname using HAProxy?

  - by Bosky

  I've had some initial success with HAProxy setting up a bunch of app servers listening on various other ports. I now have another webserver listening on one port, and i'd like to what changes to make to my config to flow traffic by hostname as well. The following is the current setup, assuming: my apache webserver is running at examplecom:8001 my bunch of app servers 0.0.0.0:8081, 0.0.0.0:8082 , 0.0.0.0:8083 global log 127.0.0.1 local0 log 127.0.0.1 local1 notice maxconn 4096 debug #quiet #user haproxy #group haproxy defaults log global mode http option httplog option dontlognull retries 3 redispatch maxconn 2000 contimeout 5000 clitimeout 50000 srvtimeout 50000 listen appservers 0.0.0.0:80 mode http balance roundrobin option httpclose option forwardfor #option httpchk HEAD /check.txt HTTP/1.0 server inst1 0.0.0.0:8081 cookie server01 check inter 2000 fall 3 server inst2 0.0.0.0:8082 cookie server02 check inter 2000 fall 3 server inst3 0.0.0.0:8083 cookie server01 check inter 2000 fall 3 server inst4 0.0.0.0:8084 cookie server02 check inter 2000 fall 3 capture cookie vgnvisitor= len 32 (any other comments on the ^ setup are welcome.) Now I'd like to continue the same above, but in addition in case - if the hostname is myspecialtopleveldomain<dot>com, then would like to flow traffic to example<dot>com:8001 ~B

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