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• A faster alternative to Pandas `isin` function

  - by user3576212

  I have a very large data frame df that looks like: ID Value1 Value2 1345 3.2 332 1355 2.2 32 2346 1.0 11 3456 8.9 322 And I have a list that contains a subset of IDs ID_list. I need to have a subset of df for the ID contained in ID_list. Currently, I am using df_sub=df[df.ID.isin(ID_list)] to do it. But it takes a lot time. IDs contained in ID_list doesn't have any pattern, so it's not within certain range. (And I need to apply the same operation to many similar dataframes. I was wondering if there is any faster way to do this. Will it help a lot if make ID as the index? Thanks!

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• Calling methods in super class constructor of subclass constructor?

  - by deamon

  Calling methods in super class constructor of subclass constructor? Passing configuration to the __init__ method which calls register implicitely: class Base: def __init__(self, *verbs=("get", "post")): self._register(verbs) def _register(self, *verbs): pass class Sub(Base): def __init__(self): super().__init__("get", "post", "put") Or calling register explicitely in the subclass' __init__ method: class Base: def __init__(self): self._register("get", "post") def _register(self, *verbs): pass class Sub(Base): def __init__(self): _register("get", "post", "put") What is better or more pythonic? Or is it only a matter of taste?

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• subplot matplotlib wrong syntax

  - by madptr

  I am using matplotlib to subplot in a loop. For instance, i would like to subplot 49 data sets, and from the doc, i implemented it this way; import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt X1=list(range(0,10000,1)) X1 = [ x/float(10) for x in X1 ] nb_mix = 2 parameters = [] for i in range(49): param = [] Y = [0] * len(X1) for j in range(nb_mix): mean = 5* (1 + (np.random.rand() * 2 - 1 ) * 0.5 ) var = 10* (1 + np.random.rand() * 2 - 1 ) scale = 5* ( 1 + (np.random.rand() * 2 - 1) * 0.5 ) Y = [ Y[k] + scale * np.exp(-((X1[k] - mean)/float(var))**2) for k in range(len(X1)) ] param = param + [[mean, var, scale]] ax = plt.subplot(7, 7, i + 1) ax.plot(X1, Y) parameters = parameters + [param] ax.show() However, i have an index out of range error from i=0 onwards. Where can i do better to have it works ? Thanks

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• I'm getting the following error ''expected an indented block'' Where is the failing code?

  - by user1833814

  import math def area(base, height): '''(number,number) -> number Return the area of a wirh given base and height. >>>area(10,40) 200.0 ''' return base * height / 2 def perimeter(side1, side2, side3): '''(number,number,number) -> number Return the perimeter of the triangle with sides of length side1,side2 and side3. >>>perimeter(3,4,5) 12 >>>perimeter(10.5,6,9.3) 25.8 ''' return (side1 + side2 + side3) def semiperimeter(side1, side2, side3): return perimeter(side1, side2, side3) / 2 def area_hero(side1, side2, side3): semi = semiperimeter(side1, side2, side3) area = math.sqrt((semi * (semi - side1) * (semi - side2) * (semi - side3)) return area

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• more efficient way to pickle a string

  - by gatoatigrado

  The pickle module seems to use string escape characters when pickling; this becomes inefficient e.g. on numpy arrays. Consider the following z = numpy.zeros(1000, numpy.uint8) len(z.dumps()) len(cPickle.dumps(z.dumps())) The lengths are 1133 characters and 4249 characters respectively. z.dumps() reveals something like "\x00\x00" (actual zeros in string), but pickle seems to be using the string's repr() function, yielding "'\x00\x00'" (zeros being ascii zeros). i.e. ("0" in z.dumps() == False) and ("0" in cPickle.dumps(z.dumps()) == True)

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• Django - partially validating form

  - by aeter

  I'm new to Django, trying to process some forms. I have this form for entering information (creating a new ad) in one template: class Ad(models.Model): ... category = models.CharField("Category",max_length=30, choices=CATEGORIES) sub_category = models.CharField("Subcategory",max_length=4, choices=SUBCATEGORIES) location = models.CharField("Location",max_length=30, blank=True) title = models.CharField("Title",max_length=50) ... I validate it with "is_valid()" just fine. Basically for the second validation (another template) I want to validate only against "category" and "sub_category": In another template, I want to use 2 fields from the same form ("category" and "sub_category") for filtering information - and now the "is_valid()" method would not work correctly, cause it validates the entire form, and I need to validate only 2 fields. I have tried with the following: ... if request.method == 'POST': # If a filter for data has been submitted: form = AdForm(request.POST) try: form = form.clean() category = form.category sub_category = form.sub_category latest_ads_list = Ad.objects.filter(category=category) except ValidationError: latest_ads_list = Ad.objects.all().order_by('pub_date') else: latest_ads_list = Ad.objects.all().order_by('pub_date') form = AdForm() ... but it doesn't work. How can I validate only the 2 fields category and sub_category?

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• Suffix if statement

  - by Aardschok

  I was looking for a way to add a suffix to jointchain in Maya. The jointchain has specific naming so I create a list with the names they need to be. The first chain has "_1" as suffix, result: R_Clavicle_1|R_UpperArm_1|R_UnderArm_1|R_Wrist_1 When I create the second this is the result: R_Clavicle_2|R_UpperArm_1|R_UnderArm_1|R_Wrist_1 The code: DRClavPos = cmds.xform ('DRClavicle', q=True, ws=True, t=True) DRUpArmPos = cmds.xform ('DRUpperArm', q=True, ws=True, t=True) DRUnArmPos = cmds.xform ('DRUnderArm', q=True, ws=True, t=True) DRWristPos = cmds.xform ('DRWrist', q=True, ws=True, t=True), cmds.xform('DRWrist', q=True, os=True, ro=True) suffix = 1 jntsA = cmds.ls(type="joint", long=True) while True: jntname = ["R_Clavicle_"+str(suffix),"R_UpperArm_"+str(suffix),"R_UnderArm_"+str(suffix),"R_Wrist_"+str(suffix)] if jntname not in jntsA: cmds.select (d=True) cmds.joint ( p=(DRClavPos)) cmds.joint ( p=(DRUpArmPos)) cmds.joint ( 'joint1', e=True, zso=True, oj='xyz', radius=0.5, n=jntname[0]) cmds.joint ( p=(DRUnArmPos)) cmds.joint ( 'joint2', e=True, zso=True, oj='xyz', radius=0.5, n=jntname[1]) cmds.joint ( p=(DRWristPos[0])) cmds.joint ( 'joint3', e=True, zso=True, oj='xyz', radius=0.5, n=jntname[2]) cmds.rename ('joint4', jntname[3]) cmds.select ( cl=True) break else: suffix + 1 I tried adding +1 in jntname which resulted in a good second chain but the third chain had "_2" after R_Clavicle_3 The code, in my eyes should work. Can anybody point me in the correct direction :)

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• poplib and email module will not reloop through a message if it has alread read it

  - by user1440925

  I'm currently trying to write a script that gets messages from my gmail account but I'm noticing a problem. If poplib loops through a message in my inbox it will never loop through it again. Here is my code import poplib, string, email user = "[email protected]" password = "p0ckystyx" message = "" mail = poplib.POP3_SSL('pop.gmail.com') mail.user(user) mail.pass_(password) iMessageCount = len(mail.list()[1]) message = "" msg = mail.retr(iMessageCount) str = string.join(msg[1], "\n") frmMail = email.message_from_string(str) for part in frmMail.walk(): if part.get_content_type() == "text/plain": print part.get_payload() mail.quit() Every time I run this script it goes to the next newest email and just skips over the email that was shown last time it was run.

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• standard geographic tilizing/binning method?

  - by monkut

  I'm trying to learn and understand more about mapping and displaying values on a map. (GIS) At the moment I'M looking to take some values and apply those values to a tile or bin on a map. Ideally I'd like the tile sizes to be uniform, like 100 meters, 500 meters, etc. Is there a standard method for creating uniform tile sizes? Or Are what are common accepted method to deal with this kind of data display? (Currently I'm using geodjango and it's related toolset geos, proj4, etc)

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• Exposing a "dumbed-down", read-only instance of a Model in GAE

  - by Blixt

  Does anyone know a clever way, in Google App Engine, to return a wrapped Model instance that only exposes a few of the original properties, and does not allow saving the instance back to the datastore? I'm not looking for ways of actually enforcing these rules, obviously it'll still be possible to change the instance by digging through its __dict__ etc. I just want a way to avoid accidental exposure/changing of data. My initial thought was to do this (I want to do this for a public version of a User model): class ReadOnlyUser(db.Model): display_name = db.StringProperty() @classmethod def kind(cls): return 'User' def put(self): raise SomeError() Unfortunately, GAE maps the kind to a class early on, so if I do ReadOnlyUser.get_by_id(1) I will actually get a User instance back, not a ReadOnlyUser instance.

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• What is the difference between .get() and .fetch(1)

  - by AutomatedTester

  I have written an app and part of it is uses a URL parser to get certain data in a ReST type manner. So if you put /foo/bar as the path it will find all the bar items and if you put /foo it will return all items below foo So my app has a query like data = Paths.all().filter('path =', self.request.path).get() Which works brilliantly. Now I want to send this to the UI using templates {% for datum in data %} <div class="content"> <h2>{{ datum.title }}</h2> {{ datum.content }} </div> {% endfor %} When I do this I get data is not iterable error. So I updated the Django to {% for datum in data.all %} which now appears to pull more data than I was giving it somehow. It shows all data in the datastore which is not ideal. So I removed the .all from the Django and changed the datastore query to data = Paths.all().filter('path =', self.request.path).fetch(1) which now works as I intended. In the documentation it says The db.get() function fetches an entity from the datastore for a Key (or list of Keys). So my question is why can I iterate over a query when it returns with fetch() but can't with get(). Where has my understanding gone wrong?

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• More than one profile in Django?

  - by JPC

  Is it possible to use Django's user authentication features with more than one profile? Currently I have a settings.py file that has this in it: AUTH_PROFILE_MODULE = 'auth.UserProfileA' and a models.py file that has this in it: from django.db import models from django.contrib.auth.models import User class UserProfileA(models.Model): company = models.CharField(max_length=30) user = models.ForeignKey(User, unique=True) that way, if a user logs in, I can easily get the profile because the User has a get_profile() method. However, I would like to add UserProfileB. From looking around a bit, it seems that the starting point is to create a superclass to use as the AUTH_PROFILE_MODULE and have both UserProfileA and UserProfileB inherit from that superclass. The problem is, I don't think the get_profile() method returns the correct profile. It would return an instance of the superclass. I come from a java background (polymorphism) so I'm not sure exactly what I should be doing. Thanks!

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• Easy way to keep counting up infinitely

  - by Andrew Alexander

  What's a good way to keep counting up infinitely? I'm trying to write a condition that will keep going until there's no value in a database, so it's going to iterate from 0, up to theoretically infinity (inside a try block, of course). How would I count upwards infinitely? Or should I use something else? I am looking for something similar to i++ in other languages, where it keeps iterating until failure.

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• strange Django problem

  - by Pounds

  Sorrt to bother you everyone, but I really suffer a strange problem. I am working on a Django project for a company. This project worked very well before today. Today I found a page can not show images (and their corrsponding links). I checked source code of THAT PAGE, I found there are images and links, I just can not find them on the page. I checked the auth of the server and I am sure I can write things to the database. In fact, I think it is not database mistake because I can find what I want in the page source code, I just can not find them on the page. Oh my Gosh, I am going to be crazy... Has anyone suffered similar problem? What kind of problem could it be? Please help me! Thank you very much! PS: I can not provide any source code of the project because some business limit...I am really sorry...

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• manyToManyField question

  - by dotty

  Hay guys, I'm writing a simple app which logs recipes. I'm working out my models and have stumbled across a problem My Dish models needs to have many Ingredients. This is no problem because i would do something like this ingredients = models.ManyToManyfield(Ingredient) No problems, my dish now can have many ingrendients. However, the problem is that the ingredient needs to come in different quantities. I.E 4 eggs, 7 tablespoons sugar My Ingredient Model is very simple at the moment class Ingredient(models.Model): name = models.TextField(blank=False) slug = models.SlugField(blank=True) How would i go about work out this problem? What fields would i need to add, would i need to use a 'through' attribute on my ManyToManyfield to solve this problem?

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• Remove all user's cookies/sessions when password is reset

  - by Juraj

  I'm interested in improving security of my TurboGears 2.2 application so that when user changes his password, it logs him out from all sessions and he must login again. When user changes password on browser 1, he must relogin on browser 2, too. Experiments show that this is not the case, especially if browser 2 had "remember me" enabled. It's standard quickstarted app using repoze.who. It seems maybe I need to change AuthTktCookiePlugin, but don't see a way to do it without much rewiring.

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• Django: request object to template context transparancy

  - by anars

  Hi! I want to include an initialized data structure in my request object, making it accessible in the context object from my templates. What I'm doing right now is passing it manually and tiresome within all my views: render_to_response(...., ( {'menu': RequestContext(request)})) The request object contains the key,value pair which is injected using a custom context processor. While this works, I had hoped there was a more generic way of passing selected parts of the request object to the template context. I've tried passing it by generic views, but as it turns out the request object isn't instantiated when parsing the urlpatterns list.

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• How do you calculate expanding mean on time series using pandas?

  - by mlo

  How would you create a column(s) in the below pandas DataFrame where the new columns are the expanding mean/median of 'val' for each 'Mod_ID_x'. Imagine this as if were time series data and 'ID' 1-2 was on Day 1 and 'ID' 3-4 was on Day 2. I have tried every way I could think of but just can't seem to get it right. left4 = pd.DataFrame({'ID': [1,2,3,4],'val': [10000, 25000, 20000, 40000],'Mod_ID': [15, 35, 15, 42], 'car': ['ford','honda', 'ford', 'lexus']}) right4 = pd.DataFrame({'ID': [3,1,2,4],'color': ['red', 'green', 'blue', 'grey'], 'wheel': ['4wheel','4wheel', '2wheel', '2wheel'], 'Mod_ID': [15, 15, 35, 42]}) df1 = pd.merge(left4, right4, on='ID').drop('Mod_ID_y', axis=1)

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• Many-to-many relationship on same table with association object

  - by Nicholas Knight

  Related (for the no-association-object use case): http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1889251/sqlalchemy-many-to-many-relationship-on-a-single-table Building a many-to-many relationship is easy. Building a many-to-many relationship on the same table is almost as easy, as documented in the above question. Building a many-to-many relationship with an association object is also easy. What I can't seem to find is the right way to combine association objects and many-to-many relationships with the left and right sides being the same table. So, starting from the simple, naïve, and clearly wrong version that I've spent forever trying to massage into the right version: t_groups = Table('groups', metadata, Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True), ) t_group_groups = Table('group_groups', metadata, Column('parent_group_id', Integer, ForeignKey('groups.id'), primary_key=True, nullable=False), Column('child_group_id', Integer, ForeignKey('groups.id'), primary_key=True, nullable=False), Column('expires', DateTime), ) mapper(Group_To_Group, t_group_groups, properties={ 'parent_group':relationship(Group), 'child_group':relationship(Group), }) What's the right way to map this relationship?

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• Is there really no binary distribution of MySQLdb for Windows?

  - by Rhubarb

  You have to build it yourself? Or am I missing something.

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• Can I db.put models without db.getting them first?

  - by Liron

  I tried to do something like ss = Screenshot(key=db.Key.from_path('myapp_screenshot', 123), name='flowers') db.put([ss, ...]) It seems to work on my dev_appserver, but on live I get this traceback: 05-07 09:50PM 19.964 File "/base/data/home/apps/quixeydev3/12.341796548761906563/common/appenginepatch/appenginepatcher/patch.py", line 600, in put E 05-07 09:50PM 19.964 result = old_db_put(models, *args, **kwargs) E 05-07 09:50PM 19.964 File "/base/python_runtime/python_lib/versions/1/google/appengine/ext/db/init.py", line 1278, in put E 05-07 09:50PM 19.964 keys = datastore.Put(entities, rpc=rpc) E 05-07 09:50PM 19.964 File "/base/python_runtime/python_lib/versions/1/google/appengine/api/datastore.py", line 284, in Put E 05-07 09:50PM 19.965 raise _ToDatastoreError(err) E 05-07 09:50PM 19.965 InternalError: the new entity or index you tried to insert already exists I happen to know just the ID of an existing Screenshot entity I want to update; that's why I was manually constructing its key. Am I doing it wrong?

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• Sending object C from class A to class B

  - by user278618

  Hi, I can't figure out how to design classes in my system. In classA I create object selenium (it simulates user actions at website). In this ClassA I create another objects like SearchScreen, Payment_Screen and Summary_Screen. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from selenium import selenium import unittest, time, re class OurSiteTestCases(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.verificationErrors = [] self.selenium = selenium("localhost", 5555, "*chrome", "http://www.someaddress.com/") time.sleep(5) self.selenium.start() def test_buy_coffee(self): sel = self.selenium sel.open('/') sel.window_maximize() search_screen=SearchScreen(self.selenium) search_screen.choose('lavazza') payment_screen=PaymentScreen(self.selenium) payment_screen.fill_test_data() summary_screen=SummaryScreen(selenium) summary_screen.accept() def tearDown(self): self.selenium.stop() self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors) if __name__ == "__main__": unittest.main() It's example SearchScreen module: class SearchScreen: def __init__(self,selenium): self.selenium=selenium def search(self): self.selenium.click('css=button.search') I want to know if there is anything ok with a design of those classes?

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• Weird callback execution order in Twisted?

  - by SlashV

  Consider the following code: from twisted.internet.defer import Deferred d1 = Deferred() d2 = Deferred() def f1(result): print 'f1', def f2(result): print 'f2', def f3(result): print 'f3', def fd(result): return d2 d1.addCallback(f1) d1.addCallback(fd) d1.addCallback(f3) #/BLOCK==== d2.addCallback(f2) d1.callback(None) #=======BLOCK/ d2.callback(None) This outputs what I would expect: f1 f2 f3 However when I swap the order of the statements in BLOCK to #/BLOCK==== d1.callback(None) d2.addCallback(f2) #=======BLOCK/ i.e. Fire d1 before adding the callback to d2, I get: f1 f3 f2 I don't see why the time of firing of the deferreds should influence the callback execution order. Is this an issue with Twisted or does this make sense in some way?

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• How to create a non-persistent Elixir/SQLAlchemy object?

  - by siebert

  Hi, because of legacy data which is not available in the database but some external files, I want to create a SQLAlchemy object which contains data read from the external files, but isn't written to the database if I execute session.flush() My code looks like this: try: return session.query(Phone).populate_existing().filter(Phone.mac == ident).one() except: return self.createMockPhoneFromLicenseFile(ident) def createMockPhoneFromLicenseFile(self, ident): # Some code to read necessary data from file deleted.... phone = Phone() phone.mac = foo phone.data = bar phone.state = "Read from legacy file" phone.purchaseOrderPosition = self.getLegacyOrder(ident) # SQLAlchemy magic doesn't seem to work here, probably because we don't insert the created # phone object into the database. So we set the id fields manually. phone.order_id = phone.purchaseOrderPosition.order_id phone.order_position_id = phone.purchaseOrderPosition.order_position_id return phone Everything works fine except that on a session.flush() executed later in the application SQLAlchemy tries to write the created Phone object to the database (which fortunatly doesn't succeed, because phone.state is longer than the data type allows), which breaks the function which issues the flush. Is there any way to prevent SQLAlchemy from trying to write such an object? Ciao, Steffen

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• Efficient way to combine results of two database queries.

  - by ensnare

  I have two tables on different servers, and I'd like some help finding an efficient way to combine and match the datasets. Here's an example: From server 1, which holds our stories, I perform a query like: query = """SELECT author_id, title, text FROM stories ORDER BY timestamp_created DESC LIMIT 10 """ results = DB.getAll(query) for i in range(len(results)): #Build a string of author_ids, e.g. '1314,4134,2624,2342' But, I'd like to fetch some info about each author_id from server 2: query = """SELECT id, avatar_url FROM members WHERE id IN (%s) """ values = (uid_list) results = DB.getAll(query, values) Now I need some way to combine these two queries so I have a dict that has the story as well as avatar_url and member_id. If this data were on one server, it would be a simple join that would look like: SELECT * FROM members, stories WHERE members.id = stories.author_id But since we store the data on multiple servers, this is not possible. What is the most efficient way to do this? Thanks.

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