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  • Calling methods in super class constructor of subclass constructor?

    - by deamon
    Calling methods in super class constructor of subclass constructor? Passing configuration to the __init__ method which calls register implicitely: class Base: def __init__(self, *verbs=("get", "post")): self._register(verbs) def _register(self, *verbs): pass class Sub(Base): def __init__(self): super().__init__("get", "post", "put") Or calling register explicitely in the subclass' __init__ method: class Base: def __init__(self): self._register("get", "post") def _register(self, *verbs): pass class Sub(Base): def __init__(self): _register("get", "post", "put") What is better or more pythonic? Or is it only a matter of taste?

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  • urllib open - how to control the number of retries

    - by user1641071
    how can i control the number of retries of the "opener.open"? for example, in the following code, it will send about 6 "GET" HTTP requests (i saw it in the Wireshark sniffer) before it goes to the " except urllib.error.URLError" success/no-success lines. password_mgr = urllib.request.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm() password_mgr.add_password(None,url, username, password) handler = urllib.request.HTTPBasicAuthHandler(password_mgr) opener = urllib.request.build_opener(handler) try: resp = opener.open(url,None,1) except urllib.error.URLError as e: print ("no success") else: print ("success!")

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  • Suffix if statement

    - by Aardschok
    I was looking for a way to add a suffix to jointchain in Maya. The jointchain has specific naming so I create a list with the names they need to be. The first chain has "_1" as suffix, result: R_Clavicle_1|R_UpperArm_1|R_UnderArm_1|R_Wrist_1 When I create the second this is the result: R_Clavicle_2|R_UpperArm_1|R_UnderArm_1|R_Wrist_1 The code: DRClavPos = cmds.xform ('DRClavicle', q=True, ws=True, t=True) DRUpArmPos = cmds.xform ('DRUpperArm', q=True, ws=True, t=True) DRUnArmPos = cmds.xform ('DRUnderArm', q=True, ws=True, t=True) DRWristPos = cmds.xform ('DRWrist', q=True, ws=True, t=True), cmds.xform('DRWrist', q=True, os=True, ro=True) suffix = 1 jntsA = cmds.ls(type="joint", long=True) while True: jntname = ["R_Clavicle_"+str(suffix),"R_UpperArm_"+str(suffix),"R_UnderArm_"+str(suffix),"R_Wrist_"+str(suffix)] if jntname not in jntsA: cmds.select (d=True) cmds.joint ( p=(DRClavPos)) cmds.joint ( p=(DRUpArmPos)) cmds.joint ( 'joint1', e=True, zso=True, oj='xyz', radius=0.5, n=jntname[0]) cmds.joint ( p=(DRUnArmPos)) cmds.joint ( 'joint2', e=True, zso=True, oj='xyz', radius=0.5, n=jntname[1]) cmds.joint ( p=(DRWristPos[0])) cmds.joint ( 'joint3', e=True, zso=True, oj='xyz', radius=0.5, n=jntname[2]) cmds.rename ('joint4', jntname[3]) cmds.select ( cl=True) break else: suffix + 1 I tried adding +1 in jntname which resulted in a good second chain but the third chain had "_2" after R_Clavicle_3 The code, in my eyes should work. Can anybody point me in the correct direction :)

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  • more efficient way to pickle a string

    - by gatoatigrado
    The pickle module seems to use string escape characters when pickling; this becomes inefficient e.g. on numpy arrays. Consider the following z = numpy.zeros(1000, numpy.uint8) len(z.dumps()) len(cPickle.dumps(z.dumps())) The lengths are 1133 characters and 4249 characters respectively. z.dumps() reveals something like "\x00\x00" (actual zeros in string), but pickle seems to be using the string's repr() function, yielding "'\x00\x00'" (zeros being ascii zeros). i.e. ("0" in z.dumps() == False) and ("0" in cPickle.dumps(z.dumps()) == True)

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  • How can I identify an element from a list within another list

    - by Alex
    I have been trying to make a block of code that finds the index of the largest bid for each item. Then I was going to use the index as a way to identify the person who paid that much moneys name. However no matter what i try I can't link the person and what they have gained from the auction together. Here is the code I have been writing: It has to be able to work with any information inputted def sealedBids(): n = int(input('\nHow many people are in the group? ')) z = 0 g = [] s = [] b = [] f = [] w = []#goes by number of items q = [] while z < n: b.append([]) z = z + 1 z = 0 while z < n: g.append(input('Enter a bidders name: ')) z = z + 1 z = 0 i = int(input('How many items are being bid on?')) while z < i: s.append(input('Enter the name of an item: ')) w.append(z) z = z + 1 z = 0 for j in range(n):#specifies which persons bids your taking for k in range(i):#specifies which item is being bid on b[j].append(int(input('How much money has {0} bid on the {1}? '.format(g[j], s[k])))) print(' ') for j in range(n):#calculates fair share f.append(sum(b[j])/n) for j in range(i):#identifies which quantity of money was the largest for each item for k in range(n): if w[j] < b[k][j]: w[j] = b[k][j] q.append(k) any advice is much appreciated.

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  • standard geographic tilizing/binning method?

    - by monkut
    I'm trying to learn and understand more about mapping and displaying values on a map. (GIS) At the moment I'M looking to take some values and apply those values to a tile or bin on a map. Ideally I'd like the tile sizes to be uniform, like 100 meters, 500 meters, etc. Is there a standard method for creating uniform tile sizes? Or Are what are common accepted method to deal with this kind of data display? (Currently I'm using geodjango and it's related toolset geos, proj4, etc)

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  • Exposing a "dumbed-down", read-only instance of a Model in GAE

    - by Blixt
    Does anyone know a clever way, in Google App Engine, to return a wrapped Model instance that only exposes a few of the original properties, and does not allow saving the instance back to the datastore? I'm not looking for ways of actually enforcing these rules, obviously it'll still be possible to change the instance by digging through its __dict__ etc. I just want a way to avoid accidental exposure/changing of data. My initial thought was to do this (I want to do this for a public version of a User model): class ReadOnlyUser(db.Model): display_name = db.StringProperty() @classmethod def kind(cls): return 'User' def put(self): raise SomeError() Unfortunately, GAE maps the kind to a class early on, so if I do ReadOnlyUser.get_by_id(1) I will actually get a User instance back, not a ReadOnlyUser instance.

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  • What is the difference between .get() and .fetch(1)

    - by AutomatedTester
    I have written an app and part of it is uses a URL parser to get certain data in a ReST type manner. So if you put /foo/bar as the path it will find all the bar items and if you put /foo it will return all items below foo So my app has a query like data = Paths.all().filter('path =', self.request.path).get() Which works brilliantly. Now I want to send this to the UI using templates {% for datum in data %} <div class="content"> <h2>{{ datum.title }}</h2> {{ datum.content }} </div> {% endfor %} When I do this I get data is not iterable error. So I updated the Django to {% for datum in data.all %} which now appears to pull more data than I was giving it somehow. It shows all data in the datastore which is not ideal. So I removed the .all from the Django and changed the datastore query to data = Paths.all().filter('path =', self.request.path).fetch(1) which now works as I intended. In the documentation it says The db.get() function fetches an entity from the datastore for a Key (or list of Keys). So my question is why can I iterate over a query when it returns with fetch() but can't with get(). Where has my understanding gone wrong?

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  • subplot matplotlib wrong syntax

    - by madptr
    I am using matplotlib to subplot in a loop. For instance, i would like to subplot 49 data sets, and from the doc, i implemented it this way; import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt X1=list(range(0,10000,1)) X1 = [ x/float(10) for x in X1 ] nb_mix = 2 parameters = [] for i in range(49): param = [] Y = [0] * len(X1) for j in range(nb_mix): mean = 5* (1 + (np.random.rand() * 2 - 1 ) * 0.5 ) var = 10* (1 + np.random.rand() * 2 - 1 ) scale = 5* ( 1 + (np.random.rand() * 2 - 1) * 0.5 ) Y = [ Y[k] + scale * np.exp(-((X1[k] - mean)/float(var))**2) for k in range(len(X1)) ] param = param + [[mean, var, scale]] ax = plt.subplot(7, 7, i + 1) ax.plot(X1, Y) parameters = parameters + [param] ax.show() However, i have an index out of range error from i=0 onwards. Where can i do better to have it works ? Thanks

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  • More than one profile in Django?

    - by JPC
    Is it possible to use Django's user authentication features with more than one profile? Currently I have a settings.py file that has this in it: AUTH_PROFILE_MODULE = 'auth.UserProfileA' and a models.py file that has this in it: from django.db import models from django.contrib.auth.models import User class UserProfileA(models.Model): company = models.CharField(max_length=30) user = models.ForeignKey(User, unique=True) that way, if a user logs in, I can easily get the profile because the User has a get_profile() method. However, I would like to add UserProfileB. From looking around a bit, it seems that the starting point is to create a superclass to use as the AUTH_PROFILE_MODULE and have both UserProfileA and UserProfileB inherit from that superclass. The problem is, I don't think the get_profile() method returns the correct profile. It would return an instance of the superclass. I come from a java background (polymorphism) so I'm not sure exactly what I should be doing. Thanks!

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  • manyToManyField question

    - by dotty
    Hay guys, I'm writing a simple app which logs recipes. I'm working out my models and have stumbled across a problem My Dish models needs to have many Ingredients. This is no problem because i would do something like this ingredients = models.ManyToManyfield(Ingredient) No problems, my dish now can have many ingrendients. However, the problem is that the ingredient needs to come in different quantities. I.E 4 eggs, 7 tablespoons sugar My Ingredient Model is very simple at the moment class Ingredient(models.Model): name = models.TextField(blank=False) slug = models.SlugField(blank=True) How would i go about work out this problem? What fields would i need to add, would i need to use a 'through' attribute on my ManyToManyfield to solve this problem?

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  • I'm getting the following error ''expected an indented block'' Where is the failing code?

    - by user1833814
    import math def area(base, height): '''(number,number) -> number Return the area of a wirh given base and height. >>>area(10,40) 200.0 ''' return base * height / 2 def perimeter(side1, side2, side3): '''(number,number,number) -> number Return the perimeter of the triangle with sides of length side1,side2 and side3. >>>perimeter(3,4,5) 12 >>>perimeter(10.5,6,9.3) 25.8 ''' return (side1 + side2 + side3) def semiperimeter(side1, side2, side3): return perimeter(side1, side2, side3) / 2 def area_hero(side1, side2, side3): semi = semiperimeter(side1, side2, side3) area = math.sqrt((semi * (semi - side1) * (semi - side2) * (semi - side3)) return area

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  • how to fetch more than 1000 entities NON keybased?

    - by user291071
    If I should be approaching this problem through a different method, please suggest so. I am creating an item based collaborative filter. I populate the db with the LinkRating2 class and for each link there are more than a 1000 users that I need to call and collect their ratings to perform calculations which I then use to create another table. So I need to call more than 1000 entities for a given link. For instance lets say there are over a 1000 users rated 'link1' there will be over a 1000 instances of this class for the given link property that I need to call. How would I complete this example? class LinkRating2(db.Model): user = db.StringProperty() link = db.StringProperty() rating2 = db.FloatProperty() query =LinkRating2.all() link1 = 'link string name' a = query.filter('link = ', link1) aa = a.fetch(1000)##how would i get more than 1000 for a given link1 as shown? ##keybased over 1000 in other post example i need method for a subset though not key class MyModel(db.Expando): @classmethod def count_all(cls): """ Count *all* of the rows (without maxing out at 1000) """ count = 0 query = cls.all().order('__key__') while count % 1000 == 0: current_count = query.count() if current_count == 0: break count += current_count if current_count == 1000: last_key = query.fetch(1, 999)[0].key() query = query.filter('__key__ > ', last_key) return count

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  • Django: request object to template context transparancy

    - by anars
    Hi! I want to include an initialized data structure in my request object, making it accessible in the context object from my templates. What I'm doing right now is passing it manually and tiresome within all my views: render_to_response(...., ( {'menu': RequestContext(request)})) The request object contains the key,value pair which is injected using a custom context processor. While this works, I had hoped there was a more generic way of passing selected parts of the request object to the template context. I've tried passing it by generic views, but as it turns out the request object isn't instantiated when parsing the urlpatterns list.

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  • strange Django problem

    - by Pounds
    Sorrt to bother you everyone, but I really suffer a strange problem. I am working on a Django project for a company. This project worked very well before today. Today I found a page can not show images (and their corrsponding links). I checked source code of THAT PAGE, I found there are images and links, I just can not find them on the page. I checked the auth of the server and I am sure I can write things to the database. In fact, I think it is not database mistake because I can find what I want in the page source code, I just can not find them on the page. Oh my Gosh, I am going to be crazy... Has anyone suffered similar problem? What kind of problem could it be? Please help me! Thank you very much! PS: I can not provide any source code of the project because some business limit...I am really sorry...

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  • how to convert a binary data into interger?

    - by kaki
    when I am using the wave_read.readframes() I am getting the result in binary data such as /x00/x00/x00:/x16#/x05" etc a very long string when asked for single frame it gives @/x00 or \xe3\xff or so I want this individual frame data in integer how can I convert them into integer to store them into array.

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  • Many-to-many relationship on same table with association object

    - by Nicholas Knight
    Related (for the no-association-object use case): http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1889251/sqlalchemy-many-to-many-relationship-on-a-single-table Building a many-to-many relationship is easy. Building a many-to-many relationship on the same table is almost as easy, as documented in the above question. Building a many-to-many relationship with an association object is also easy. What I can't seem to find is the right way to combine association objects and many-to-many relationships with the left and right sides being the same table. So, starting from the simple, naïve, and clearly wrong version that I've spent forever trying to massage into the right version: t_groups = Table('groups', metadata, Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True), ) t_group_groups = Table('group_groups', metadata, Column('parent_group_id', Integer, ForeignKey('groups.id'), primary_key=True, nullable=False), Column('child_group_id', Integer, ForeignKey('groups.id'), primary_key=True, nullable=False), Column('expires', DateTime), ) mapper(Group_To_Group, t_group_groups, properties={ 'parent_group':relationship(Group), 'child_group':relationship(Group), }) What's the right way to map this relationship?

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  • Easy way to keep counting up infinitely

    - by Andrew Alexander
    What's a good way to keep counting up infinitely? I'm trying to write a condition that will keep going until there's no value in a database, so it's going to iterate from 0, up to theoretically infinity (inside a try block, of course). How would I count upwards infinitely? Or should I use something else? I am looking for something similar to i++ in other languages, where it keeps iterating until failure.

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  • Sending object C from class A to class B

    - by user278618
    Hi, I can't figure out how to design classes in my system. In classA I create object selenium (it simulates user actions at website). In this ClassA I create another objects like SearchScreen, Payment_Screen and Summary_Screen. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from selenium import selenium import unittest, time, re class OurSiteTestCases(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.verificationErrors = [] self.selenium = selenium("localhost", 5555, "*chrome", "http://www.someaddress.com/") time.sleep(5) self.selenium.start() def test_buy_coffee(self): sel = self.selenium sel.open('/') sel.window_maximize() search_screen=SearchScreen(self.selenium) search_screen.choose('lavazza') payment_screen=PaymentScreen(self.selenium) payment_screen.fill_test_data() summary_screen=SummaryScreen(selenium) summary_screen.accept() def tearDown(self): self.selenium.stop() self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors) if __name__ == "__main__": unittest.main() It's example SearchScreen module: class SearchScreen: def __init__(self,selenium): self.selenium=selenium def search(self): self.selenium.click('css=button.search') I want to know if there is anything ok with a design of those classes?

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  • How to create a non-persistent Elixir/SQLAlchemy object?

    - by siebert
    Hi, because of legacy data which is not available in the database but some external files, I want to create a SQLAlchemy object which contains data read from the external files, but isn't written to the database if I execute session.flush() My code looks like this: try: return session.query(Phone).populate_existing().filter(Phone.mac == ident).one() except: return self.createMockPhoneFromLicenseFile(ident) def createMockPhoneFromLicenseFile(self, ident): # Some code to read necessary data from file deleted.... phone = Phone() phone.mac = foo phone.data = bar phone.state = "Read from legacy file" phone.purchaseOrderPosition = self.getLegacyOrder(ident) # SQLAlchemy magic doesn't seem to work here, probably because we don't insert the created # phone object into the database. So we set the id fields manually. phone.order_id = phone.purchaseOrderPosition.order_id phone.order_position_id = phone.purchaseOrderPosition.order_position_id return phone Everything works fine except that on a session.flush() executed later in the application SQLAlchemy tries to write the created Phone object to the database (which fortunatly doesn't succeed, because phone.state is longer than the data type allows), which breaks the function which issues the flush. Is there any way to prevent SQLAlchemy from trying to write such an object? Ciao, Steffen

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  • Efficient way to combine results of two database queries.

    - by ensnare
    I have two tables on different servers, and I'd like some help finding an efficient way to combine and match the datasets. Here's an example: From server 1, which holds our stories, I perform a query like: query = """SELECT author_id, title, text FROM stories ORDER BY timestamp_created DESC LIMIT 10 """ results = DB.getAll(query) for i in range(len(results)): #Build a string of author_ids, e.g. '1314,4134,2624,2342' But, I'd like to fetch some info about each author_id from server 2: query = """SELECT id, avatar_url FROM members WHERE id IN (%s) """ values = (uid_list) results = DB.getAll(query, values) Now I need some way to combine these two queries so I have a dict that has the story as well as avatar_url and member_id. If this data were on one server, it would be a simple join that would look like: SELECT * FROM members, stories WHERE members.id = stories.author_id But since we store the data on multiple servers, this is not possible. What is the most efficient way to do this? Thanks.

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  • Which style of return is "better" for a method that might return None?

    - by Daenyth
    I have a method that will either return an object or None if the lookup fails. Which style of the following is better? def get_foo(needle): haystack = object_dict() if needle not in haystack: return None return haystack[needle] or, def get_foo(needle): haystack = object_dict() try: return haystack[needle] except KeyError: # Needle not found return None I'm undecided as to which is more more desirable myself. Another choice would be return haystack[needle] if needle in haystack else None, but I'm not sure that's any better.

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  • Using Django view variables inside templates

    - by William
    Hi, this is a rather basic question (I'm new to Django) but I'm having trouble using a variable set in my view inside my template. If I initialize a string or list inside my view (i.e. h = "hello") and then attempt to call it inside a template: {{ h }} there is neither output nor errors. Similarly, if I try to use a variable inside my template that doesn't exist: {{ asdfdsadf }} there is again no error reported. Is this normal? And how can I use my variables within my templates. Thanks!

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