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• Windows 7 boot problem on a Lenovo Thinkpad Z61m 9450HAG

  - by Matt Taylor

  I recently did a full upgrade of Windows 7 on my Thinkpad. Everything worked fine after up until the second reboot (the first reboot after some updates installed worked OK). At second reboot time the system would just black screen before the Windows logo appears. Disk/wireless/power/battery lights are all lit and the disk light is active (flickering). However, if I remove my battery and boot with just power it boots fine and quickly, and everything is OK. Any help on why this won't boot with battery plugged in is greatly appreciated. I need to take this battery out on the road/trains, etc. A little more detail on this story. The battery I had inserted when doing the (failed) boot was a long life battery. I have not tried inserting this battery when Windows is logged in. I have another (normal life) battery that I have charged up within Windows. It has just got to 100% and I am about to reboot with it in. I am using the Lenovo power manager to diagnose the battery - all seems OK. I will report back shortly as to the outcome. OK, so I chose the reboot option from within Windows, the machine seemed to shutdown okay, but then stalled. It didn't turn off completely and didn't reboot, but just sat, with the fan humming, somewhere in between! I had to hold the power button in for a few seconds until the fan stopped and then hit the power button again to boot the machine from fresh. One good thing, with this battery (the normal one) it booted into Windows 7 the first time with a battery! So, now I have rebooting issues. I have 3 errors in the event log: A timeout was reached (30000 milliseconds) while waiting for the lxdxCATSCustConnectService service to connect. The lxdxCATSCustConnectService service failed to start due to the following error: The service did not respond to the start or control request in a timely fashion. The following boot-start or system-start driver(s) failed to load: cdrom Any thoughts?

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• Forward mDns from one subnet to another?

  - by user37278

  Is there an ipfw rule that can easily forward mDns packets from one subnet to another? I have a Snow Leopard Server machine serving as the gateway between the two subnets and would like for machines in each subnet to see the services available in the other subnet. The gateway machine is already confirmed as configured correctly such that packets route correctly between the two subnets (ping works, traceroute shows the subnet hop, etc). My problem in designing a ipfw rule is that I don't know how to instruct that I would like multicast packets addressed to 224.0.0.251:5353 on en0 to be addressed to the same ip/port but on fw0 (the other interface). I attempted a rule such as fwd 192.168.10.1 log udp from 192.168.1.0/24 to 224.0.0.251 recv en1 to force the packet to hop over to the other interface (from en1 to fw0), but no dice. The ipfw log shows that the rule is being triggered by packets, but tcpdump isn't showing any packets on the other interface. Also, the only other firewall rules in place are the divert port 8668 and rule #65535 "allow any to any". Any suggestions? Thanks.

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• Ram question in VMware Server 2

  - by ToreTrygg

  Hi, I understand from the VMware Server 2 documentation that VMware Server 2 is capable of running a 64-bit guest OS underneath a 32-bit host OS, as long as the hardware running the box is 64-bit capable. Here's my situation. We currently have an underutilized XEON X3220 Quad Core 64bit Server, running Server 2003, 32-bit and 2gb of RAM (the motherboard is capable of 8gb ram). The server is currently used mainly for file and print services. It is also running Active Directory, Novell eDirectory and Groupwise 6.5. We are planning a micration to Microsoft Exchange, so the Novell eDirectory and Groupwise services will eventually be purged from this box, leaving only Active Directory, File and Print services. Being that this server is underutilized we are hoping to save hardware costs and virtualize our new Exchange investment. My question is this. Will VMware allow access to the "invisible" extra memory that Windows 32-bit won't see. Meaning, if we increase the full amount of system ram to 8gb (yes, I know the 32-bit host OS will only see a maximum of 4gb), will I be able to assign maybe 5gb to the new Server 2008 64-bit OS running Exchange and leave 3gb for the Guest OS (or maybe even a 6, 2 split). The second part of that would be, would it be better to just convert the main OS currently running to an image, convert the machine itself to ESXi and run both OSes as images under ESXi. Downtime for this box is critical, so my preference is most definitly with the first option because it presents very minimal downtime. Doing the second would make downtime quite a few hours to image the machine and then convert the image to a VMware Image.

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• How to configure CISCO switch 2960 for port-based address allocation on a single port only?

  - by Jack

  CISCO 2960 allows you to configure so-called Port-Based address allocation. It makes the switch to associate IP address it is giving out via DHCP with port-identifier, which is random, switch created identifier. In practice it means that any machine connected to such configured port will always get the same IP address, regardless of what that machine's MAC address is. I want to have that feature configured on --some ports-- only. But no matter what commands I try it seems that this can only be done for all ports, all for none. Even though CISCO manual seems to indicate there's both global and per-port command to enable that. Here are relevant commands from CISCO manual: configure terminal ip dhcp use subscriber-id client-id (this configures the DHCP server to globally use the subscriber ID as the client ID on all incoming DHCP messages) interface FastEthernet0/1 ip dhcp server use subscriber-id client-id (Optional: Configures the DHCP server to use the subscriber ID as the client ID on all incoming DHCP messages on the interface) but it appears if I configure only per-interface than there's no effect at all, if I configure globally and per interface - CISCo behaves as if all ports were configured to use that feature. Any ideas?

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• Problems with 5.1 digital out on Ubuntu 12.04

  - by user895319

  I've recently bought a new PC, installed Ubuntu and am now unable to get 5.1 digital sound working. Simple analogue stereo works fine on both the front and rear connectors. On my old box I connected the coax connection from my soundcard to my surround sound amplifier, set Settings-Sound to "Digital Stereo Duplex" and it worked. My old soundcard doesn't fit in my new machine so I'm using the built-in sound hardware. I'm connecting the combination output socket on the back of the PC via the same cable to my surround amp as before. The MB is an MSI Global H61M-P31 with an RealTek ALC887 sound chip. When I go to Settings-Sound I only see "Headphone Built-in Audio" and "Analogue Output Built-in Audio" - no digitial options. The output from aplay -l is: default Playback/recording through the PulseAudio sound server sysdefault:CARD=PCH HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog Default Audio Device front:CARD=PCH,DEV=0 HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog Front speakers surround40:CARD=PCH,DEV=0 HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog 4.0 Surround output to Front and Rear speakers surround41:CARD=PCH,DEV=0 HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog 4.1 Surround output to Front, Rear and Subwoofer speakers surround50:CARD=PCH,DEV=0 HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog 5.0 Surround output to Front, Center and Rear speakers surround51:CARD=PCH,DEV=0 HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog 5.1 Surround output to Front, Center, Rear and Subwoofer speakers surround71:CARD=PCH,DEV=0 HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog 7.1 Surround output to Front, Center, Side, Rear and Woofer speakers dmix:CARD=PCH,DEV=0 HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog Direct sample mixing device dsnoop:CARD=PCH,DEV=0 HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog Direct sample snooping device hw:CARD=PCH,DEV=0 HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog Direct hardware device without any conversions plughw:CARD=PCH,DEV=0 HDA Intel PCH, ALC887-VD Analog Hardware device with all software conversions While googling for ALC887 I've seen some references to "ALC887 -VD Analog" and some to "ALC887 -VD Digital". Does anyone know if I need to force it to chance mode somehow? It's worth mentioning that when I set the output to 5.1 digital surround in Windows 7 on the same machine I still don't get any sound so it's not a unique Linux problem. Thanks for any help.

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• System Slow After Uprading Ubuntu

  - by Aragon N

  I have an Ubuntu network machine which has release of 10.04.1 LTS Lucid. On this system I have Apache, PostgreSQL and django. For some app. development I have to install PGP and php-curl. Due to being on network, I have exported a VMware machine to the Internet and firstly I have upgraded the system and then installed php5 packages on it. I don't know is it all about django or apache configuration. Maybe some Apache settings had changed. In this case in apache where I have to look at ? After all replacing it with its old place, I see that the new system query is slow according to another. Old system query time : 140 ms New system query time : 9.11 s I have checked /etc/network interface and it seems there is no problem. I have checked /etc/resolv.conf and it seems OK I have checked /etc/nsswitch.conf and only host section is different from old one which old system has hosts: files mdns4_minimal [NOTFOUND=return] dns mdns4 and then I have checked time host -t A services.myapp.com and I got real 0m0.355s user 0m0.010s sys 0m0.020s and I have checked apache2 HostnameLookups : find /etc/apache2/ -type f | xargs grep -i HostnameLookups It returned : /etc/apache2/apache2.conf:# HostnameLookups: Log the names of clients or just their IP addresses /etc/apache2/apache2.conf:HostnameLookups Off and now what can I have to check for boosting my system as before?

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• RRAS Problem routing to central site from RRAS server only?

  - by TomTom

  Given is an office connected to headquarters using a RRAS bridge (2 virtual machines using RRAS to route between the two networks). Naming: The office is A, the RRAS on A is a-lnk. THe headquartters is B, b-lnk the RRAS machine there. The VPN works perfectly - machines can ping and work between the sites. Domain controllers on both ends replicating, DFS working, remote desktop working. All in all... everything is fine. EXCEPT: a-lnk itself can not reach any machine in B. This would normally not be troublesome (noone ever does anything on a-lnk), but there are two exceptions: * a-lnk is supposed to get it's license from a KMS in B, so not being able to reach B means it is not prolonging. * a-lnk is supposed to pull updates from a WSUS in B - and not being able to reach B means - no updates. Given that thigns work (and security is a minor issue - A-lnk is not reachable from the internet as it is behing a NAT hardware anyway) this got not handled for months. I just wan to get this item ticked off now. Anyone an idea what this is? It definitely is not a "dns does not work" or "routing in general is bad" item, as any computer in A can connect to any computer in B, and the other way arount - only the RRAS computer itself seems to do something really awkward. Platform for both: 2008 R2 standard.

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• WS2008 subst in Logon script does not "stick"

  - by Frans

  I have a terminal server environment exclusively with Windows Server 2008. My problem is that I need to "map" a drive letter to each users Temp folder. This is due to a legacy app that requries a separate Temp folder for each user but which does not understand %temp%. So, just add "subst t: %temp%" to the logon script, right? The problem is that, even though the command runs, the subst doesn't "stick" and the user doesn't get a T: drive. Here is what I have tried; The simplest version: 'Mapping a temp drive Set WinShell = WScript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell") WinShell.Run "subst T: %temp%", 2, True That didn't work, so tried this for more debug information: 'Mapping a temp drive Set WinShell = WScript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell") Set procEnv = WinShell.Environment("Process") wscript.echo(procEnv("TEMP")) tempDir = procEnv("TEMP") WinShell.Run "subst T: " & tempDir, 3, True This shows me the correct temp path when the user logs in - but still no T: Drive. Decided to resort to brute force and put this in my login script: 'Mapping a temp drive Set WinShell = WScript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell") WinShell.Run "\\domain\sysvol\esl.hosted\scripts\tempdir.cmd", 3, True where \domain\sysvol\esl.hosted\scripts\tempdir.cmd has this content: echo on subst t: %temp% pause When I log in with the above then the command window opens up and I can see the subst command being executed correctly, with the correct path. But still no T: drive. I have tried running all of the above scripts outside of a login script and they always work perfectly - this problem only occurs when doing it from inside a login script. I found a passing reference on an MSFN forum about a similar problem when the user is already logged on to another machine - but I have this problem even without being logged on to another machine. Any suggestion on how to overcome this will be much appreciated.

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• Google account gives ERR_SSL_BAD_RECORD_MAC_ALERT errors

  - by Kjensen

  A couple of days ago, I started being unable to connect to accounts.google.com, which handles logins to all kinds of google services. I get this error in Chrome: Error 126 (net::ERR_SSL_BAD_RECORD_MAC_ALERT): Unknown error. In IE I get this: I assume it is the same error, just wrapped up. I run Win8 RTM. On the SAME machine, using the same network card, in a VMWare workstation image running Win7, I am able to connect perfectly. On another of my machines on my network, I am also still able to connect with no problem. My girlfriend uses the same network and has also complained a couple of times about this error (google calendar) - but this is anecdotal, since her technical troubleshooting abilities stop at "xxxx is broken". Her machine runs Win7. ;) I have rebooted, cleared cookies, do not run any antivirus/firewall, have not changed network config. The first 3-4 days after installing Win8, I did not have any problems. I have also searched, and found a hint about enabling SSL2.0 in connection settings, which did not help. Anybody know something about this error and what I can do to fix it?

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• Change the Powershell $profile directory

  - by Swoogan

  I would like to know how to change my the location my $profile variable points to. PS H:\> $profile H:\WindowsPowerShell\Microsoft.PowerShell_profile.ps1 H:\ is a network share, so when I create my profile file, and load powershell I get the following: Security Warning Run only scripts that you trust. While scripts from the Internet can be useful, this script can potentially harm your computer. Do you want to run H:\WindowsPowerShell\Microsoft.PowerShell_profile.ps1? [D] Do not run [R] Run once [S] Suspend [?] Help (default is "D"): According to Microsoft, the location of the $profile is determined by the %USERPROFILE% environment variable. This is not true: PS H:\> $env:userprofile C:\Users\username For example, I have an XP machine working how I want: PS H:\> $profile C:\Documents and Settings\username\My Documents\WindowsPowerShell\Microsoft.PowerShell_profile.ps1 PS H:\> $env:userprofile C:\Documents and Settings\username PS H:\> $env:homedrive H: PS H:\> $env:homepath \ Here's the same output from the Vista machine where the $profile points to the wrong place: PS H:\> $profile H:\WindowsPowerShell\Microsoft.PowerShell_profile.ps1 PS H:\> $env:userprofile C:\Users\username PS H:\> $env:homedrive H: PS H:\> $env:homepath \ Since $profile isn't actually determined by %USERPROFILE% how do I change it? Clearly anything that involves changing the homedrive or homepath is not the solution I'm looking for.

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• BizTalk/MQ - DCOM was unable to communicate with the computer xxx using any of the configured protocols

  - by NealWalters

  I've read the other questions on this same error, but don't see a close match to this scenario. We got 18 of these last night between 12:17:13 and 12:39:37 on Win 2008/R2. It caused us to lose connectivity between BizTalk 2010 and WebSphere MQ machine. All our BizTalk machines (Prod, QA, Train, etc...) got the messages at the roughly same time and in the same quantity (about 18 of them). Computer xxx is the WebSphere MQ machine. What could cause this in the middle of the night? The servers are configured and running in Prod for a couple of years. There is no Win Firewall running, and servers are practically on the same rack. Could a run-away or 100% utilized CPU on the WebSphere MQ cause this issue? What else could cause it? BizTalk did NOT auto-recover from this situation. The above was followed by thousands of this message in the BizTalk event logs: The adapter "MQSeries" raised an error message. Details "Error encountered on Queue.Get Queue name = MyQManager/MyQueueName Reason code = 2354.". We restated BizTalk host instances, and it did not come back right away. It seemed we had to stop host instances for about two minutes, then start them.

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• SQL SERVER 2005 with Windows 7 Problems

  - by azamsharp

  First of all I restored the database from other server and now all the stored procedures are named as [azamsharp].[usp_getlatestposts]. I think [azamsharp] is prefixed since it was the user on the original server. Now, on my local machine this does not run. I don't want the [azamsharp] prefix with all the stored procedures. Also, when I right click on the Sproc I cannot even see the properties option. I am running the SQL SERVER 2005 on Windows 7. UPDATE: The weird thing is that if I access the production database from my machine I can see the properties option. So, there is really something wrong with Windows 7 security. UPDATE 2: When I ran the orphan users stored procedure it showed two users "azamsharp" and "dbo1". I fixed the "azamsharp" user but "dbo1" is not getting fixed. When I run the following script: exec sp_change_users_login 'update_one', 'dbo1', 'dbo1' I get the following error: Msg 15291, Level 16, State 1, Procedure sp_change_users_login, Line 131 Terminating this procedure. The Login name 'dbo1' is absent or invalid.

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• Setting Up My Home Network

  - by Skizz

  I currently have five PCs at home, three running WinXP and two running Ubuntu. They are set up like this: ISP ----- Modem ---- Switch ---- Ubuntu1 -- B&W Printer | |--WinXP1 | |--WinXP2 Wireless |--Colour Printer | |---------Ubuntu2 |---------WinXP3 (laptop) The Ubuntu1 machine is set up as a PDC using Samba and runs fetchmail, procmail, dovecot to get my e-mail and allow me to access the e-mail via imap so I can read the e-mail on any PC. I'd like to set up the network like this: ISP ----- Modem ---- Ubuntu1 ---- Switch ------WinXP1 | | |--WinXP2 B&W Printer Wireless |--Colour Printer | |---------Ubuntu2 |---------WinXP3 (laptop) My questions are: How to configure Ubuntu1 to act as a firewall. How to configure Ubuntu1 to provide a consistant user authentication across the network, at the moment Samba provides roaming profiles for the XP machines but the Ubuntu2 machine has it's own user lists. I'd like to have a single authentication for both XP machines and linux machines so that users added to the server list will propagate to all PCs (i.e. new users can log on using any PC without modifying any of the client PCs). How to configure a linux client (Ubuntu2 above) to access files on the server (Ubuntu1), some of which are in user specific folders, effectively sharing /home/{user} per user (read and write access) and stuff like /home/media/photos with read access for everyone and limited write access. How to configure the XP machines (if it is different from a the Samba method). How to set up e-mail filtering. I'd like to have a whitelist/blacklist system for incoming e-mails for some of the e-mail accounts (mainly, my kids' accounts) with filtered e-mails being put into quaranteen until a sysadmin either adds the sender to a blacklist or whitelist. OK, that's a lot of stuff. For now, I don't want config files*, rather, what services / applications to use and how they interact. For example, LDAP could be used for authentication but what else would be useful to make the administration of the LDAP easier. Once I have a general idea for the overall configuration, I can ask other questions about the specifics. Skizz I have looked around for information, but most answers are usually in the form of abstract config files and lists of packages to install.

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• Is Cloud Print to blame for my inability to print?

  - by VarLogRant

  I have just moved to the Chrome beta (first 9.something and currently 10.0.648.127) on my Windows 7 64-bit machine, and my good web browsers (Firefox Beta and Chrome) can no longer print, and neither can Komodo Edit. The problem seems to have started when I tried to enable Google Cloud Print. Frustratingly, I can still print from IE 9 RC, and also from other machines in the office, which means the problem is entirely on this Windows machine. When I try to print from Chrome, first time I get the printer dialog, and once I click print, it waits, then pops up "Something went wrong", and each time after, it pops up with "No Printer Found". Under Firefox, I get "An unknown error occurred while printing", as does Komodo. I have printed from these applications before, and have even printed from Google Cloud Print. Once. But then it stopped. I really don't know where to go next in debugging this thing, and the Google results I see tend to be from 2007. I'm not ready for the paperless office yet, so please help!

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• Internet Sharing on Lion breaks my routing table

  - by seaders

  When in the office, I'm connected to a 192.168.1.0/24 network. When Internet Sharing is off, when I run netstat -nr the first entry shows default 192.168.1.254 UGSc 10 62 en0 If I turn Internet sharing on, it shows default link#5 UCS 2 0 en1 This is obviously incorrect and breaks all connectivity of my machine. en1 is my wireless, whereas en0 is my ethernet. If I then disable Internet Sharing, it even deletes that incorrect route, so I'm left with no default route at all. Currently I have one script that I run when I share, or after, when I disable that does route delete default route add default 192.168.1.254 That fixes everything, but I'd love to know what's actually making this happen and how to properly fix it. And just to say that at some point a few months ago, this was working absolutely perfectly, with no hitches, then one day when I brought the laptop home, I couldn't disable the internet sharing, so I couldn't connect to my home wifi. I eventually had to restart the machine and since then this problem has been happening. Any help would be greatly appreciated, thank you.

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• Screen Flicker on a black MacBook

  - by sixtyfootersdude

  I have a MacBook Black. For about the last six months I have had a strange screen flicker when I: start my machine and plug in the power cord of my machine This morning when I woke up my computer the screen backlight did not turn on at all. When I held the computer in direct sunlight I could see the screen and I could tell that everything was working normally (other than the backlight). Pressing the screen brightness controls (F2) brought up the brightness panel. The brightness panel informed me that the screen was at maximum brightness. I did a bit of Searching and this is what I found: This post describes how to buy and replace a macbook screen. Do you think that this would solve my problem? Additional info: I am running 10.6.4 I recently upgraded from 10.4. I experienced similar issues in 10.4. I am pretty sure that this is a hardware issue. The problem does not occur when the screen is at a specific angle. It usually only happens at startup/wakeup or when the power is plugged/unplugged.

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• Loading a big database dump into PostgreSQL using cat

  - by RussH

  I have a pair of very large (~17 GB) database dumps that I want to load into postgresql 9.3. After installing the database packages, learning more or less how to use them, and fiddling around a little on various StackExchange pages (particularly this question), it looks like a proper command for me to use is something like: cat mydb.pgdump | psql mydb because of the format the dump is in. My machine has 16 GB of RAM, and I'm not familiar with the cat command but I do know that my RAM is 99% exhausted and the database is taking a while to load. My machine isn't non-responsive to the point of hanging; I can run other commands in other terminal windows and have them execute at a reasonable clip, but I am wondering if cat is the best way to pipe in the file or if something else is more efficient? My concern is that maybe cat could be using up all the RAM so the database doesn't have much to work with, throttling its performance. But I'm new to thinking about RAM issues like this and don't know if I'm worrying about nothing. Now that I think about it, this seems to be more of a question about cat and its memory usage than anything else. If there is a more appropriate forum for this question please let me know. Thanks!

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• Migrating to Windows Server 2008 R2 Domain Controllers - a few Questions/Issues

  - by Chris

  Ok so here's our setup: We have 2 Windows 2003 Domain Controllers. I am trying to replace them with Windows 2008 R2. The 2003 servers are named DC01 and DC02. The 2008 R2 servers are DC1 and DC2. I prepared the Windows Server 2003 Forest Schema for a Domain Controller that runs Windows Server 2008 or Windows Server 2008 R2. Then with both of the new servers up as member servers I ran dcpromo on DC1 using the advanced option and added it successfully to my existing domain. It's roles are GC, DNS and Active Directory Domain Services. I transferred The PDC Emulator, RID Pool Manager, and Infrastructure Master roles to DC1. The Schema Master and Domain Naming master are still on DC01. The first issue that I'm encountering is when I dcpromo the DC2 and select "Replicate data over the network from and existing domain controller" I select that I want to replicate from DC1 and I get the following error: Failed to identify the requested replica partner (dc1.xxx.org) as a valid domain controller with a machine account for (DC2$). This is likely due to either the machine account not being replicated to this domain controller because of replication latency or the domain controller not advertising the Active Directory Domain Services. Please consider retrying the operation with \dc01.xxx.org as the replica partner. "The server is unwilling to process the request. Is this because the Schema Master and Domain Naming Master roles are still on the old DC01? And if so, if I transfer Schema Master and Domain Naming Master roles to DC1 what is the risk or breaking my AD? I'm a little paranoid because this process HAS to be transparent. ANY down time or interruption will result in me getting a verbal ass kicking from my I.T. Director. Both of the new servers DNS point the the old DNS servers (DC01 and DC02) not themselves by the way.

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• My Computer hangs for a few minutes just after startup, and then is fine.

  - by EvilChookie

  So I just built myself a reasonably beefy computer, and I installed Windows 7 on it. However, I start the machine up each morning and within a few minutes, the computer will semi hang. That is the mouse is responsive, and most of the time I can open task manager, or a new tab in Chrome. Occasionally windows will be labelled as 'Not responding'. Then, the machine will get over it's problem, and will be nice and quick until I turn it off. Here's my specs: CPU: AMD Phenom-II X4 955 Black (Quad Core, 3.2ghz) RAM: 4GB of DDR3 1300 MOBO: ASUS M4A785T-M (Latest BIOS) HARD DRIVES: 2x1TB Western Digital Caviar Blacks in RAID-0. OS: Windows 7 Ultimate x64. GPU: ASUS GT240 1GB. I believe this issue relates to the RAID array, as I didn't have the lockup problem before I created the array. I purchased a second drive and reformatted after creating a RAID array, since the single drive was a little on the pokey side (compared to the rest of the computer). What I have tried: Updated Raid Drivers Malware checks Windows Updates Unecessary Services CPU and Disk activity appears to be low (via Resource Monitor) No strange errors in the error log. Any thoughts?

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• free up not used space on a qcow2-image-file on kvm/qemu

  - by bmaeser

  we are using kvm/qemu with qcow2-images for our virtual machines. qcow2 has this nice feature where the image file only allocates the actually needed space by the virtual-machine. but how do i shrink back the image file, if the virtual machine's allocated space gets smaller? example: 1.) i create a new image with qcow2 format, size 100GB 2.) i use this image to install ubuntu. installation needs about 10 gb, the image-file grows up to about 10GB. nothing unexpected so far. 3.) i fill up the image with about 40 GB of additional data. the image-file grows up to 50GB. i am ok with that :-) 4.) this is where it gets strange: i delete all of the 40GB data on the image, but the image-size still eats up 50GB. question: how do i free up that 40GB of data and shrink the image to the only needed 10 GB? thanks in advance, berni

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• Setting up MySQL Linux slave with a Windows master

  - by philwilks

  I'm running a MySQL 5.0 database server on Windows Server 2008. The total size of the database is about 1Gb. I make daily backups, but I'd like to step up to having a slave server for extra protection. My thinking was that I wouldn't need the expense of a Windows machine to do this, and a Linux "cloud server" from RackSpace would do the job well for quite a low cost. However I have little experience with Linux, so I have a few questions... Does this sound like a good idea? Is there anything wrong with linking Windows and Linux MySQL servers? Does Linux have the equivalent of Remote Desktop Connection? If so can I use this from a Windows machine? Would a particular Linux distro be well suited to this task? RackSpace offer ArchLinux, CentOS, Debian, Fedora and Ubuntu. My immediate thinking is to go with Ubuntu as I've heard it's more friendly for people coming from a Windows background. Any comments you have would be very appreciated! Phil

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• What kinds of protections against viruses does Linux provide out of the box for the average user?

  - by ChocoDeveloper

  I know others have asked this, but I have other questions related to this. In particular, I'm concerned about the damage that the virus can do the user itself (his files), not the OS in general nor other users of the same machine. This question came to my mind because of that ransomware virus that is encrypting machines all over the world, and then asking the user to send a payment in Bitcoin if he wants to recover his files. I have already received and opened the email that is supposed to contain the virus, so I guess I didn't do that bad because nothing happened. But would I have survived if I opened the attachment and it was aimed at Linux users? I guess not. One of the advantages is that files are not executable by default right after downloading them. Is that just a bad default in Windows and could be fixed with a proper configuration? As a Linux user, I thought my machine was pretty secure by default, and I was even told that I shouldn't bother installing an antivirus. But I have read some people saying that the most important (or only?) difference is that Linux is just less popular, so almost no one writes viruses for it. Is that right? What else can I do to be safe from this kind of ransomware virus? Not automatically executing random files from unknown sources seems to be more than enough, but is it? I can't think of many other things a user can do to protect his own files (not the OS, not other users), because he has full permissions on them.

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• IP queue buffer

  - by summerbulb

  I seem to have an issue with IP queue. I have a linux machine that I am using to run some experiments. The linux machine is configured to be a router, having two NICs, connecting two other computers, and managing their network traffic. All incoming packages are captured, using iptables, and analyzed by a C application. The application analyzing the packets has a built-in delay, as part of the experiment. So I have one very fast computer sending packets through my linux-router and a (relatively) slow linux-router that analyses and deals with the packets, one by one. This situation leads to the fact that when I fire up a sender application on one of the computers connected to the linux-router, my IP queue on the linux-router gets filled up (almost) instantaneously. The IP queue's max length is currently set to 1024, and if it overflows, the packets are dropped. This is expected and i'm OK with it. But, (and this is where it gets interesting), every now and then I get the following error: "Failed to receive netlink message: No buffer space available" At start, I thought this was due to the IP queue overflow, but after some analysis i found that sometimes I get the error even if the IP queue buffer did not overflow, and sometime I DON'T get the message even though the buffer DID overflow. When I run > cat /proc/net/ip_queue, I get the following table (also used to monitor the IP queue overflow): Peer PID : 27389 Copy mode : 2 Copy range : 65535 Queue length : 0 Queue max. length : 1024 Queue dropped : 1166875 Netlink dropped : 2916 Looking at the last two values, Queue dropped seems to refer to packets that did not manage to get into the IP queue because the buffer was full. I can see this value rise as I bombard the linux-router. Netlink dropped ( as it's name implies :) ) seems to have to do with the error i'm getting. I did my best to search for material on this error, but wasn't able to find anything that seemed to point me in the required direction. Bottom line: Why am I getting this error and what can I do to avoid it?

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• Encrypting peer-to-peer application with iptables and stunnel

  - by Jonathan Oliver

  I'm running legacy applications in which I do not have access to the source code. These components talk to each other using plaintext on a particular port. I would like to be able to secure the communications between the two or more nodes using something like stunnel to facilitate peer-to-peer communication rather than using a more traditional (and centralized) VPN package like OpenVPN, etc. Ideally, the traffic flow would go like this: app@hostA:1234 tries to open a TCP connection to app@hostB:1234. iptables captures and redirects the traffic on port 1234 to stunnel running on hostA at port 5678. stunnel@hostA negotiates and establishes a connection with stunnel@hostB:4567. stunnel@hostB forwards any decrypted traffic to app@hostB:1234. In essence, I'm trying to set this up to where any outbound traffic (generated on the local machine) to port N forwards through stunnel to port N+1, and the receiving side receives on port N+1, decrypts, and forwards to the local application at port N. I'm not particularly concerned about losing the hostA origin IP address/machine identity when stunnel@hostB forwards to app@hostB because the communications payload contains identifying information. The other trick in this is that normally with stunnel you have a client/server architecture. But this application is much more P2P because nodes can come and go dynamically and hard-coding some kind of "connection = hostN:port" in the stunnel configuration won't work.

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• Restoring Windows 2008 Server X86 and X64

  - by rihatum

  Restoring Windows 2008 Server (Domain Controller) We are using Backup Exec System Recovery 2010 to Image our DC. Now this software has a feature to convert the backup into a vmware or hyper-v VM I have also used disk2vhd to convert one of our dc's to a vhd and when I connected it into Hyper-V, it booted fine, I can login - BUT :-) As soon as I login, I get the activation error, that change product key, this product key isn't good for this machine etc. Question is : When in a real recovery situation, what would be the procedure to restore it either virtual or onto a physical box but be able to login and change product key etc ? In this scenario its just locked down and I cant' do anything, if this is the case, how would I replicate my production environment via these tools ? Any Ideas ? Will be grateful for some real world examples here. Same thing happens with our exchange backup / test restore either physical or virtual, can login but nothing else. Now we don't have the keys as they are OEM keys and just wondering what will happen in a real scenario, would we be purchasing another KEY or using the OEM key on our new server ? This is a test environment I am trying to create by restoring our backups either into hyper-v or physical test machines. Also, If I build up a machine (Server 2008) in a VM (Hyper-V), How can I restore just the system state backup of my DC into it ? will that give me the activation error too ? even though I would use the TRIAL ISOs provided by Microsoft ? Kind regards

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