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  • Django ORM: Ordering w/ aggregate functions — None special treatment

    - by deno
    Hi, I'm doing query like that: SomeObject.objects.annotate(something=Avg('something')).order_by(something).all() Now, I normally have an aggregate field in my model that I use with Django signals to keep in sync, however in this case perfomance isn't an issue so I thought I'd keep it simple and just use subqueries. This approach, however, presented an unexpected issue: It all works grate if aggregate function results are like this: [5.0, 4.0, 6.0 … (etc, just numbers)] However if you mix in some Nones than it's being ordered like this: [None, 5.0, 4.0 …] The issue is that None has higher value than any number, while it should have value at most of 0. I'm using PostgreSQL and haven't tested w/ other DBs. I haven't actually checked what query is generated etc. I worked it around by just sorting in memory: sorted(…, key=lambda _:_.avg_rating if _.avg_rating is not None else 0) So I'm just curious if you know a way to do it w/ just Django ORM. Perhaps .where? or something… Kind regards

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  • Are ORM's counterproductive to OO design?

    - by Jeremiah
    In OOD, design of an object is said to be characterized by its identity and behavior. Having used OR/M's in the past, the primary purpose, in my opinion, revolves around the ability to store/retrieve data. That is to say, OR/M objects are not design by behavior, but rather data (i.e. database tables). Case and point: Many OR/M tools come with a point-to-a-database-table-and-click-object-generator. If objects are no longer characterized by behavior this will, in my opinion, muddy the identity and responsibility of the objects. Subsequently, if objects are not defined by a responsibility this could lend a hand to having tightly coupled classes and overall poor design. Furthermore, I would think that in an application setting, you would be heading towards scalability issues. So, my question is, do you think that ORM's are counterproductive to OO design? Perhaps the underlying question would be whether or not they are counterproductive to application development.

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  • Reverse engineer an ORM

    - by Oren Mazor
    Given a [mysql] database with a given schema, is it possible to generate an ORM interface for it? doesn't matter if its php, python or perl. in other words, I have a database and I have to ask it a few questions. while I could just craft a bunch of SQL queries (okay, several dozen), this is way more interesting to think about. is this a valid question, even? I have no design background with ORMs, but I've used a few (django's, symfony's, etc).

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  • Django ORM and PostgreSQL connection limits

    - by bennylope
    I'm running a Django project on Postgresql 8.1.21 (using Django 1.1.1, Python2.5, psycopg2, Apache2 with mod_wsgi 3.2). We've recently encountered this lovely error: OperationalError: FATAL: connection limit exceeded for non-superusers I'm not the first person to run up against this. There's a lot of discussion about this error, specifically with psycopg, but much of it centers on older versions of Django and/or offer solutions involving edits to code in Django itself. I've yet to find a succinct explanation of how to solve the problem of the Django ORM (or psycopg, whichever is really responsible, in this case) leaving open Postgre connections. Will simply adding connection.close() at the end of every view solve this problem? Better yet, has anyone conclusively solved this problem and kicked this error's ass?

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  • implmenting 1 to n mapping for ORM c++

    - by karan
    I am writing a project where i need to implment a stripped down version of an ORM solution in c++. I am struck in implmenting 1-n relationships for the same. For instance, if following are the classes: class A { } class B { std::list _a_list; } I have provided load/save menthods for loading/saving to the db. Now, if i take the case of B : Say , for the following workflow : 1 entry from _a_list is removed 1 entry from _a_list is modified 1 entry is added to _a_list Now, i need to update the db using something like "b.save()". So, what would be the best way to save the changes,i.e, identify the additions, deletions and updations to _a_list.

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  • Implementing 1 to n mapping for ORM c++

    - by karan
    I am writing a project where I need to implement a stripped down version of an ORM solution in C++. I am struck in implementing 1-n relationships for the same. For instance, if the following are the classes: class A { ... } class B { ... std::list<A> _a_list; ... } I have provided load/save methods for loading/saving to the db. Now, if I take the case of B and the following workflow: 1 entry from _a_list is removed 1 entry from _a_list is modified 1 entry is added to _a_list Now, I need to update the db using something like "b.save()". So, what would be the best way to save the changes, i.e, identify the additions, deletions and updates to _a_list.

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  • proper Django ORM syntax to make this code work in MySQL

    - by gtujan
    I have the following django code working on an sqlite database but for some unknown reason I get a syntax error if I change the backend to MySQL...does django's ORM treat filtering differently in MySQL? def wsjson(request,imei): wstations = WS.objects.annotate(latest_wslog_date=Max('wslog__date'),latest_wslog_time=Max('wslog__time')) logs = WSLog.objects.filter(date__in=[b.latest_wslog_date for b in wstations],time__in=[b.latest_wslog_time for b in wstations],imei__exact=imei) data = serializers.serialize('json',logs) return HttpResponse(data,'application/javascript') The code basically gets the latest logs from WSlog corresponding to each record in WS and serializes it to json. Models are defined as: class WS(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=20) imei = models.CharField(max_length=15) description = models.TextField() def __unicode__(self): return self.name class WSLog(models.Model): imei = models.CharField(max_length=15) date = models.DateField() time = models.TimeField() data1 = models.DecimalField(max_digits=8,decimal_places=3) data2 = models.DecimalField(max_digits=8,decimal_places=3) WS = models.ForeignKey(WS) def __unicode__(self): return self.imei

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  • Creating a file upload template in Doctrine ORM

    - by balupton
    Hey all. I'm using Doctrine 1.2 as my ORM for a Zend Framework Project. I have defined the following Model for a File. File: columns: id: primary: true type: integer(4) unsigned: true code: type: string(255) unique: true notblank: true path: type: string(255) notblank: true size: type: integer(4) type: type: enum values: [file,document,image,video,audio,web,application,archive] default: unknown notnull: true mimetype: type: string(20) notnull: true width: type: integer(2) unsigned: true height: type: integer(2) unsigned: true Now here is the File Model php class (just skim through for now): <?php /** * File * * This class has been auto-generated by the Doctrine ORM Framework * * @package ##PACKAGE## * @subpackage ##SUBPACKAGE## * @author ##NAME## <##EMAIL##> * @version SVN: $Id: Builder.php 6365 2009-09-15 18:22:38Z jwage $ */ class File extends BaseFile { public function setUp ( ) { $this->hasMutator('file', 'setFile'); parent::setUp(); } public function setFile ( $file ) { global $Application; // Configuration $config = array(); $config['bal'] = $Application->getOption('bal'); // Check the file if ( !empty($file['error']) ) { $error = $file['error']; switch ( $file['error'] ) { case UPLOAD_ERR_INI_SIZE : $error = 'ini_size'; break; case UPLOAD_ERR_FORM_SIZE : $error = 'form_size'; break; case UPLOAD_ERR_PARTIAL : $error = 'partial'; break; case UPLOAD_ERR_NO_FILE : $error = 'no_file'; break; case UPLOAD_ERR_NO_TMP_DIR : $error = 'no_tmp_dir'; break; case UPLOAD_ERR_CANT_WRITE : $error = 'cant_write'; break; default : $error = 'unknown'; break; } throw new Doctrine_Exception('error-application-file-' . $error); return false; } if ( empty($file['tmp_name']) || !is_uploaded_file($file['tmp_name']) ) { throw new Doctrine_Exception('error-application-file-invalid'); return false; } // Prepare config $file_upload_path = realpath($config['bal']['files']['upload_path']) . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR; // Prepare file $filename = $file['name']; $file_old_path = $file['tmp_name']; $file_new_path = $file_upload_path . $filename; $exist_attempt = 0; while ( file_exists($file_new_path) ) { // File already exists // Pump exist attempts ++$exist_attempt; // Add the attempt to the end of the file $file_new_path = $file_upload_path . get_filename($filename,false) . $exist_attempt . get_extension($filename); } // Move file $success = move_uploaded_file($file_old_path, $file_new_path); if ( !$success ) { throw new Doctrine_Exception('Unable to upload the file.'); return false; } // Secure $file_path = realpath($file_new_path); $file_size = filesize($file_path); $file_mimetype = get_mime_type($file_path); $file_type = get_filetype($file_path); // Apply $this->path = $file_path; $this->size = $file_size; $this->mimetype = $file_mimetype; $this->type = $file_type; // Apply: Image if ( $file_type === 'image' ) { $image_dimensions = image_dimensions($file_path); if ( !empty($image_dimensions) ) { // It is not a image we can modify $this->width = 0; $this->height = 0; } else { $this->width = $image_dimensions['width']; $this->height = $image_dimensions['height']; } } // Done return true; } /** * Download the File * @return */ public function download ( ) { global $Application; // File path $file_upload_path = realpath($config['bal']['files']['upload_path']) . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR; $file_path = $file_upload_path . $this->file_path; // Output result and download become_file_download($file_path, null, null); die(); } public function postDelete ( $Event ) { global $Application; // Prepare $Invoker = $Event->getInvoker(); // Configuration $config = array(); $config['bal'] = $Application->getOption('bal'); // File path $file_upload_path = realpath($config['bal']['files']['upload_path']) . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR; $file_path = $file_upload_path . $this->file_path; // Delete the file unlink($file_path); // Done return true; } } What I am hoping to accomplish is so that the above custom functionality within my model file can be turned into a validator, template, or something along the lines. So hopefully I can do something like: File: actAs: BalFile: columns: id: primary: true type: integer(4) unsigned: true code: type: string(255) unique: true notblank: true path: type: string(255) notblank: true size: type: integer(4) type: type: enum values: [file,document,image,video,audio,web,application,archive] default: unknown notnull: true mimetype: type: string(20) notnull: true width: type: integer(2) unsigned: true height: type: integer(2) unsigned: true I'm hoping for a validator so that say if I do $File->setFile($_FILE['uploaded_file']); It will provide a validation error, except in all the doctrine documentation it has little on custom validators, especially in the contect of "virtual" fields. So in summary, my question is: How earth can I go about making a template/extension to porting this functionality? I have tried before with templates but always gave up after a day :/ If you could take the time to port the above I would greatly appreciate it.

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  • Django ORM dealing with MySQL BIT(1) field

    - by Carles Barrobés
    In a Django application, I'm trying to access an existing MySQL database created with Hibernate (a Java ORM). I reverse engineered the model using: $ manage.py inspectdb > models.py This created a nice models file from the Database and many things were quite fine. But I can't find how to properly access boolean fields, which were mapped by Hibernate as columns of type BIT(1). The inspectdb script by default creates these fields in the model as TextField and adds a comment saying that it couldn't reliably obtain the field type. I changed these to BooleanField but it doesn't work (the model objects always fetch a value of true for these fields). Using IntegerField won't work as well (e.g. in the admin these fields show strange non-ascii characters). Any hints of doing this without changing the database? (I need the existing Hibernate mappings and Java application to still work with the database).

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  • Immutable design with an ORM: How are sessions managed?

    - by Programmin Tool
    If I were to make a site with a mutable language like C# and use NHibernate, I would normally approach sessions with the idea of making them as create only when needed and dispose at request end. This has helped with keeping a session for multiple transactions by a user but keep it from staying open too long where the state might be corrupted. In an immutable system, like F#, I would think I shouldn't do this because it supposes that a single session could be updated constantly by any number of inserts/updates/deletes/ect... I'm not against the "using" solution since I would think that connecting pooling will help cut down on the cost of connecting every time, but I don't know if all database systems do connection pooling. It just seems like there should be a better way that doesn't compromise the immutability goal. Should I just do a simple "using" block per transaction or is there a better pattern for this?

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  • ORM Persistence by Reachability violates Aggregate Root Boundaries?

    - by Johannes Rudolph
    Most common ORMs implement persistence by reachability, either as the default object graph change tracking mechanism or an optional. Persistence by reachability means the ORM will check the aggregate roots object graph and determines wether any objects are (also indirectly) reachable that are not stored inside it's identity map (Linq2Sql) or don't have their identity column set (NHibernate). In NHibernate this corresponds to cascade="save-update", for Linq2Sql it is the only supported mechanism. They do both, however only implement it for the "add" side of things, objects removed from the aggregate roots graph must be marked for deletion explicitly. In a DDD context one would use a Repository per Aggregate Root. Objects inside an Aggregate Root may only hold references to other Aggregate Roots. Due to persistence by reachability it is possible this other root will be inserted in the database event though it's corresponding repository wasn't invoked at all! Consider the following two Aggregate Roots: Contract and Order. Request is part of the Contract Aggregate. The object graph looks like Contract->Request->Order. Each time a Contractor makes a request, a corresponding order is created. As this involves two different Aggregate Roots, this operation is encapsulated by a Service. //Unit Of Work begins Request r = ...; Contract c = ContractRepository.FindSingleByKey(1); Order o = OrderForRequest(r); // creates a new order aggregate r.Order = o; // associates the aggregates c.Request.Add(r); ContractRepository.SaveOrUpdate(c); // OrderAggregate is reachable and will be inserted Since this Operation happens in a Service, I could still invoke the OrderRepository manually, however I wouldn't be forced to!. Persistence by reachability is a very useful feature inside Aggregate Roots, however I see no way to enforce my Aggregate Boundaries.

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  • [PHP] Kohana-v3 ORM parent relationship

    - by VDVLeon
    Hi all, I just started with the version 3 of the Kohana Framework. I have worked a little with the $_has_many etc. Now I have the table pages. The primary key is pageID. The table has a column called parentPageID. Now I want to make a ORM model who, when accesed like this $page->parent->find() returns the page identified by parentPageID. I have the following already: // Settings protected $_table_name = 'pages'; protected $_primary_key = 'pageID'; protected $_has_one = array( 'parent' => array( 'model' => 'page', 'foreign_key' => 'parentPageID', ), ); But that does not work, it simply returns the first page from the table. Last query says this: SELECT `pages`.* FROM `pages` ORDER BY `pages`.`pageID` ASC LIMIT 1 Does somebody know how to solve this? I know this can: $parent = $page->parent->find($page->parentPageID); but it must be and can be cleaner (I think).

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  • Which ORM to use?

    - by Paja
    I'm developing an application which will have these classes: class Shortcut { public string Name { get; } public IList<Trigger> Triggers { get; } public IList<Action> Actions { get; } } class Trigger { public string Name { get; } } class Action { public string Name { get; } } And I will have 20+ more classes, which will derive from Trigger or Action, so in the end, I will have one Shortcut class, 15 Action-derived classes and 5 Trigger-derived classes. My question is, which ORM will best suit this application? EF, NH, SubSonic, or maybe something else (Linq2SQL)? I will be periodically releasing new application versions, adding more triggers and actions (or changing current triggers/actions), so I will have to update database schema as well. I don't know if EF or NH provides any good methods to easily update the schema. Or if they do, is there any tutorial how to do that? I've already found this article about NH schema updating, quoting: Fortunately NHibernate provides us the possibility to update an existing schema, that is NHibernate creates an update script which can the be applied to the database. I've never found how to actually generate the update script, so I can't tell NH to update the schema. Maybe I've misread something, I just didn't found it. Last note: If you suggest EF, will be EF 1.0 suitable as well? I would rather use some older .NET than 4.0.

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  • how to minimize application downtime when updating database and application ORM

    - by yamspog
    We currently run an ecommerce solution for a leisure and travel company. Everytime we have a release, we must bring the ecommerce site down as we update database schema and the data access code. We are using a custom built ORM where each data entity is responsible for their own CRUD operations. This is accomplished by dynamically generating the SQL based on attributes in the data entity. For example, the data entity for an address would be... [tableName="address"] public class address : dataEntity { [column="address1"] public string address1; [column="city"] public string city; } So, if we add a new column to the database, we must update the schema of the database and also update the data entity. As you can expect, the business people are not too happy about this outage as it puts a crimp in their cash-flow. The operations people are not happy as they have to deal with a high-pressure time when database and applications are upgraded. The programmers are upset as they are constantly getting in trouble for the legacy system that they inherited. Do any of you smart people out there have some suggestions?

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  • managing classes when everything is relative to a user in nhibernate (orm)

    - by Schotime
    Firstly I have three entities. Users, Roles, Items A user can have multiple Roles. An item gets assigned to one or more roles. Therefore a user will have access to a distinct set of items. Now there is a few ways I can see this working. There is a Collection on Users which has Roles via a many-to-many assoc. Then each Role in this collection will have its own collection of Items. So for each user I would have to get the User (using nhib and fetch the roles and items with it) then either do a selectMany on the Items in each Role to get all the Items for the user or do a couple of foreach's to port the data to a view or dto model. Create a db trigger to automatically insert into another table that just has the relationship between user and items so that on my User entity I only have a Items collections which has all the items assigned to me. Some other way that i can't think of yet, because I'm new to nHibernate. Now i know that the trigger doesn't feel right but I'm not sure how to do this. We also have some hierarchy later where a user may be in charge of a group of users. If anyone could shed some light on how they go about these scenarios in nhibernate or another orm that would be great, or point be in a direction. I know that in the past you would have to enter all combinations into a table so that the query worked, but when you know sql its not too bad. If you need any other info then let me know. Cheers

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  • Database (and ORM) choice for an small-medium size .NET Application

    - by jim
    I have a requirement to develop a .NET-based application whose data requirements are likely to exceed the 4 gig limit of SQL 2005 Express Edition. There may be other customers of the same application (in the future) with a requirement to use a specific DB platform (such as Oracle or SQL Server) due to in-house DBA expertise. Questions What RDBMS would you guys recommend? From the looks of it the major choices are PostGreSQL, MySQL or FireBird. I've only got experience of MYSQL from these. Which ORM tool (if any) would you recommend using - ideally one that can be swapped out between DB platforms with minimal effort? I like the look of the entity framework but unsure as to the degree to which platforms other than SQL Server are supported. If it helps, we'll be using the 3.5 version of the Framework. I'm open to the idea of using a tool such as NHibernate. On the other hand, if it's going to be easier, I'm happy to write my own stored procedures / DAL code - there won't be that many tables (perhaps 30-35).

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  • understanding the ORM models in MVC

    - by fayer
    i cant fully understand the ORM models in MVC. so i am using symfony with doctrine. the doctrine models are created. does this mean that i don't have to create any models? are the doctrine models the only models i need? where should i put the code that uses the doctrine models: eg. $phoneIds = array(); $phone1 = new Phonenumber(); $phone1['phonenumber'] = '555 202 7890'; $phone1->save(); $phoneIds[] = $phone1['id']; $phone2 = new Phonenumber(); $phone2['phonenumber'] = '555 100 7890'; $phone2->save(); $phoneIds[] = $phone2['id']; $user = new User(); $user['username'] = 'jwage'; $user['password'] = 'changeme'; $user->save(); $user->link('Phonenumbers', $phoneIds); should this code be in the controller or in another model? and where should i validate these fields (check if it exists in database, that email is email etc)? could someone please shed a light on this. thanks.

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  • Mixing stored procedures and ORM

    - by Jason
    The company I work for develops a large application which is almost entirely based on stored procedures. We use classic ASP and SQL Server and the major part of the business logic is contained inside those stored procedures. For example, (I know, this is bad...) a single stored procedure can be used for different purposes (insert, update, delete, make some calculations, ...). Most of the time, a stored procedure is used for operations on related tables, but this is not always the case. We are planning to move to ASP.NET in a near future. I have read a lot of posts on StackOverflow recommending that I move the business logic outside the database. The thing is, I have tried to convince the people who takes the decisions at our company and there is nothing I can do to change their mind. Since I want to be able to use the advantages of object-oriented programming, I want to map the tables to actual classes. So far, my solution is to use an ORM (Entity Framework 4 or nHibernate) to avoid mapping the objects manually (mostly to retrieve the data) and use some kind of Data Access Layer to call the existing stored procedures (for saving). I want your advice on this. Do you think it is a good solution? Any ideas?

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  • design of orm tool

    - by ifree
    Hello , I want to design a orm tool for my daily work, but I'm always worry about the mapping of foreign key. Here's part of my code: using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Data; namespace OrmTool { [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Property)] public class ColumnAttribute:Attribute { public string Name { get; set; } public SqlDbType DataType { get; set; } public bool IsPk { get; set; } } [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class,AllowMultiple=false,Inherited=false)] public class TableAttribute:Attribute { public string TableName { get; set; } public string Description { get; set; } } [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Property)] public class ReferencesAttribute : ColumnAttribut { public Type Host { get; set; } public string HostPkName{get;set;} } } I want to use Attribute to get the metadata of Entity ,then mapping them,but i think it's really hard to get it done; public class DbUtility { private static readonly string CONNSTR = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["connstr"].ConnectionString; private static readonly Type TableType = typeof(TableAttribute); private static readonly Type ColumnType = typeof(ColumnAttribute); private static readonly Type ReferenceType = typeof(ReferencesAttribute); private static IList<TEntity> EntityListGenerator<TEntity>(string tableName,PropertyInfo[] props,params SqlParameter[] paras) { return null; } private static IList<TEntity> ResultList() { return null; } private static SqlCommand PrepareCommand(string sql,SqlConnection conn,params SqlParameter[] paras) { SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(); cmd.CommandText = sql; cmd.Connection = conn; if (paras != null) cmd.Parameters.AddRange(paras); conn.Open(); return cmd; } } I don't know how to do the next step, if every Entity has it's own foreign key,how do I get the return result ? If the Entity like this: [Table(Name="ArtBook")] public class ArtBook{ [column(Name="id",IsPk=true,DataType=SqlDbType.Int)] public int Id{get;set;} [References(Name="ISBNId",DataType=SqlDataType.Int,Host=typeof(ISBN),HostPkName="Id")] public ISBN BookISBN{get;set;} public .....more properties. } public class ISBN{ public int Id{get;set;} public bool IsNative{get;set;} } If I read all ArtBooks from database and when I get a ReferencesAttribute how do I set the value of BookISBN?

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  • What are the 'big' advantages to have Poco with ORM?

    - by bonefisher
    One advantage that comes to my mind is, if you use Poco classes for Orm mapping, you can easily switch from one ORM to another, if both support Poco. Having an ORM with no Poco support, e.g. mappings are done with attributes like the DataObjects.Net Orm, is not an issue for me, as also with Poco-supported Orms and theirs generated proxy entities, you have to be aware that entities are actually DAO objects bound to some context/session, e.g. serializing is a problem, etc..

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  • PHP Doctrine ORM NestedSet

    - by Roberto
    Hello, although I read through the manual here: http://www.doctrine-project.org/documentation/manual/1_2/hu/hierarchical-data I couldn't find a way to move a node from a Leaf to become a Root node. Any clues? The question is trivial for inserting a new node...but what about updating a node?

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  • Django ORM QuerySet intersection by a field

    - by Sri Raghavan
    These are the (pseudo) models I've got. Blog: name etc... Article: name blog creator etc User (as per django.contrib.auth) So my problem is this: I've got two users. I want to get all of the articles that the two users published on the same blog (no matter which blog). I can't simply filter the Article model by both users, because that would yield the set of Articles created by both users. Obviously not what I want. but can I filter somehow to get all of the articles where a field of the object matches between the two querysets?

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  • Good PHP ORM Library?

    - by sgibbons
    Does anyone know of a good object-relational-mapping library for PHP? I know of PDO/ADO, but they seem to only provide abstraction of differences between database vendors not an actual mapping between the domain model and the relational model. I'm looking for a PHP library that functions similarly to the way Hibernate does for Java/.Net.

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