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  • First languages with generic programming support

    - by oluies
    Which was the first language with generic programming support, and what was the first major staticly typed language (widely used) with generics support. Generics implement the concept of parameterized types to allow for multiple types. The term generic means "pertaining to or appropriate to large groups of classes." I have seen the following mentions of "first": First-order parametric polymorphism is now a standard element of statically typed programming languages. Starting with System F [20,42] and functional programming lan- guages, the constructs have found their way into mainstream languages such as Java and C#. In these languages, first-order parametric polymorphism is usually called generics. From "Generics of a Higher Kind", Adriaan Moors, Frank Piessens, and Martin Odersky Generic programming is a style of computer programming in which algorithms are written in terms of to-be-specified-later types that are then instantiated when needed for specific types provided as parameters. This approach, pioneered by Ada in 1983 From Wikipedia Generic Programming

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  • Am I bored with programming? [closed]

    - by user1167074
    I have started programming 2 years back and I have learnt web programming while working for big corporate companies. I was very passionate and I even did couple of side projects which were well appreciated by my friends and colleagues. But for the past 2 months I am not doing anything really interesting with programming, even if I get good ideas I am not feeling like coding, sub consciously I am feeling like "So What?" if I do this project. I would like to know from the more experienced programmers if this is just a phase or am I really missing something? Thanks

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  • Constructor parameter validation in C# - Best practices

    - by MPelletier
    What is the best practice for constructor parameter validation? Suppose a simple bit of C#: public class MyClass { public MyClass(string text) { if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(text)) throw new ArgumentException("Text cannot be empty"); // continue with normal construction } } Would it be acceptable to throw an exception? The alternative I encountered was pre-validation, before instantiating: public class CallingClass { public MyClass MakeMyClass(string text) { if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(text)) { MessageBox.Show("Text cannot be empty"); return null; } else { return new MyClass(text); } } }

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  • Windows and SQL Azure Best Practices: Affinity Groups

    - by BuckWoody
    When you create a Windows Azure application, you’ll pick a subscription to put it under. This is a billing container - underneath that, you’ll deploy a Hosted Service. That holds the Web and Worker Roles that you’ll deploy for your applications. along side that, you use the Storage Account to create storage for the application. (In some cases, you might choose to use only storage or Roles - the info here applies anyway) As you are setting up your environment, you’re asked to pick a “region” where your application will run. If you choose a Region, you’ll be asked where to put the Roles. You’re given choices like Asia, North America and so on. This is where the hardware that physically runs your code lives. We have lots of fault domains, power considerations and so on to keep that set of datacenters running, but keep in mind that this is where the application lives. You also get this selection for Storage Accounts. When you make new storage, it’s a best practice to put it where your computing is. This makes the shortest path from the code to the data, and then back out to the user. One of the selections for the location is “Anywhere U.S.”. This selection might be interpreted to mean that we will bias towards keeping the data and the code together, but that may not be the case. There is a specific abstraction we created for just that purpose: Affinity Groups. An Affinity Group is simply a name you can use to tie together resources. You can do this in two places - when you’re creating the Hosted Service (shown above) and on it’s own tree item on the left, called “Affinity Groups”. When you select either of those actions, You’re presented with a dialog box that allows you to specify a name, and then the Region that  names ties the resources to. Now you can select that Affinity Group just as if it were a Region, and your code and data will stay together. That helps with keeping the performance high. Official Documentation: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windowsazure/hh531560.aspx

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  • programming practices starting

    - by Tamim Ad Dari
    I have taken my major as computer science and Engineering and I am really confused at this moment. My first course was about learning C and C++ and I learned the basics of those. Now I am really confused what to do next. Some says I should practice algorithms and do contests in ACM-ICPC for now. Others tell me to start software development. But As I started digging its really a vast topic and there are many aspects of these, like web design, web-development, iOS-development, android... etc many things. And I am really confused about what should I do just now. Any advice for me to start with?

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  • Best practices when creating/modeling databases?

    - by Oscar Mederos
    Hello, I learned at the University some steps to model a database: Model the problem using the Extended Entity-Relationship Model. Extract the functional dependencies Apply some algorithms to normalize the database (3NF or Boyce-Codd) Create the database I'm studying Computer Science and since I received that course I'm wondering if I always need to do those steps when creating a complex database for an specified problem. For example, do PHP / .NET / .. programmers always do that? or there are some tools to simplify that process, maybe using another way of represent the problem instead of the EERM?

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  • CSS practices: negative positioning

    - by Corey
    I'm somewhat of a novice to CSS. Anyway, I noticed that an extremely common method used in CSS is to have negative or off-screen positioning, whether it be to hide text or preload images or what have you. Even on SE sites, like StackOverflow and this website, have #hlogo a { text-indent: -999999em } set in their CSS. So I guess I have a few questions. is this valid CSS? or is it just a "hack"? are there downsides to doing things this way? why is this so common? aren't there better ways to hide content?

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  • Git branching and tagging best practices

    - by Code-Guru
    I am currently learning to use Git by reading Pro Git. Right now I'm learning about branching and tags. My question is when should I use a branch and when should I use a tag? For example, say I create a branch for version 1.1 of a project. When I finish and release this version, should I leave the branch to mark the release version? Or should I add a tag? If I add a tag, should I delete the version branch (assuming that it is merged into master or some other branch)?

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  • Best practices for coding date sensitive websites

    - by Duopixel
    I'm creating a website for an event that is coming up. It has some functionality related to the event (such as "send me a reminder"), other stuff that takes place during the event, and finally some stuff that comes after the event. I need to start working on code that takes place during the event and after the event, plus some fixes for the current site (which is already live). What is the best way to approach this problem? Some solutions that occur to me are creating branches for each state and merging stuff as needed. Other one is hiding and showing functionality based on the date, i.e if (currentDate < eventDay) { reminder.show();}. Ideas?

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  • Podcast Best Practices - Page Development & Monetization Considerations

    - by Christopher Ickes
    Our current podcast page has show notes and a link to download an mp3 of our podcast. We were advised to add an audio player to stream the file live from our website. The thought being this would improve time spent on our site and allow for greater advertising dollars. Is it better to have a page with show notes, an mp3 for download AND also stream the podcast live OR just stick to the show notes & mp3 download? Does anyone see any affect on advertising revenue, either way?

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  • Patterns & Practices: Composite Services CTP2 is Public

    - by HernanDL
    Finally the last CTP and pre-release version for the Composite Services is out. There were quite a lot of changes since CTP1. We added many new samples and many enhancements to the repository (DB) which is now called Inventory in sync with SOA Patterns. Here is a brief list of the main changes according to the included documentations.   Changes and additions in this release This CTP release contains reusable source code and samples to illustrate implementation for the following patterns and scenarios: Repair and Resubmit – this pattern is implemented in ESB Toolkit 2.0 as part of Exception Management Framework (EMF). This code drop provides code sample how to implement this pattern for Windows AppFabric workflow service, using Exceptions Web Service and workflow activities to create fault message, which will be created in EMF database.  Analytic Tracing – this code drop contains reusable code and samples for implementing ETW tracing: event collector service and database that store collected events. This capability may be used for scenarios that need flexibility on how collected events are decoded and processed via extensibility points you can configure and implement:  plugins and event decoders with leveraging ETW tracing capabilities provided by the event collector service.   Inventory Centralization – this code drop contains service catalog database, web services and samples to show how to implement Metadata Centralization, Schema Centralization and Policy Centralization patterns.  Service Virtualization – we included sample for implementing this pattern using WCF routing service( which is part of .NET framework) and service metadata centralization capabilities to define routing service metadata in service catalog. Termination Notification – we included sample for implementing this pattern using sample WCF service and policy centralization capabilities provided by this CTP release.   You will also find many new videos that will be uploaded to the home page any time soon. Stay tunned for new posts regarding implemetation details and advanced customizations for custom policy exporters/importers and monitoring.

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  • What non-programming tools do programmers use?

    - by user828584
    I'm reading code complete with the intention of learning how to better structure my code, but I'm also learning a lot about how many aspects of programming something there are that aren't just writing the code. The book talks a lot about problem definition, determining the requirements, defining the structure, designing the code, etc. What tools are used for these non-writing steps of programming? Is there software that will help me design and plan out what I'm going to write before I do?

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  • Is monkeypatching considered good programming practice?

    - by vartec
    I've been under impression, that monkeypatching is more in quick and dirty hack category, rather than standard, good programming practice. While I'd used from time to time to fix minor issues with 3rd party libs, I considered it temporary fix and I'd submit proper patch to the 3rd party project. However, I've seen this technique used as "the normal way" in mainstream projects, for example in Gevent's gevent.monkey module. Has monkeypatching became mainstream, normal, acceptable programming practice? See also: "Monkeypatching For Humans" by Jeff Atwood

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  • Best exception handling practices or recommendations?

    - by user828584
    I think the two main problems with my programs are my code structure/organization and my error handling. I'm reading Code Complete 2, but I need something to read for working with potential problems. For example, on a website, if something can only happen if the user tampers with data via javascript, do you write for that? Also, when do you not catch errors? When you write a class that expects a string and an int as input, and they aren't a string and int, do you check for that, or do you let it bubble up to the calling method that passed incorrect parameters? I know this is a broad topic that can't be answered in a single answer here, so what I'm looking for is a book or resource that's commonly accepted as teaching proper exception handling practice.

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  • Managing user privileges, best practices [on hold]

    - by Loïc N.
    I'm am new to web development. I'm creating a website where different user can have different privileges, such as creating/editing/deleting a news, or adding/editing/deleting whatever kind of content on the website. I started by creating a "user type" that would indicate the user's privileges (such as "user", "newser", "moderator", "admin", and so on), but I quickly started noticing issues that made me think that this might be a naive approach to this issue. What if I want to give a regular user the right to edit a news (for whatever reason)? Then the user would be half "user", half "newser". But the system I use can only handle one user-type. So what would be the best practice here? I was thinking of removing the concept of roles (or "user-types" such as newser) and only have the concept of "privilege", where every user could have zero to many privileges. So, to re-use the above example, if I wanted a user to have the right to edit some news, I would only have to give him a "edit news" privilege. Is this the way to go?

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  • Best practices with Vertices in Open GL

    - by Darestium
    What is the best practice in regards to storing vertex data in Open GL? I.e: struct VertexColored { public: GLfloat position[]; GLfloat normal[]; byte colours[]; } class Terrian { private: GLuint vbo_vertices; GLuint vbo_normals; GLuint vbo_colors; GLuint ibo_elements; VertexColored vertices[]; } or having them stored seperatly in the required class like: class Terrian { private: GLfloat vertices[]; GLfloat normals[]; GLfloat colors[]; GLuint vbo_vertices; GLuint vbo_normals; GLuint vbo_colors; GLuint ibo_elements; }

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  • Overloading interface buttons, what are the best practices?

    - by XMLforDummies
    Imagine you'll have always a button labeled "Continue" in the same position in your app's GUI. Would you rather make a single button instance that takes different actions depending on the current state? private State currentState = State.Step1; private ContinueButton_Click() { switch(currentState) { case State.Step1: DoThis(); currentState = State.Step2; break; case State.Step2: DoThat(); break; } } Or would you rather have something like this? public Form() { this.ContinueStep2Button.Visible = false; } private ContinueStep1Button_Click() { DoThis(); this.ContinueStep1Button.Visible = false; this.ContinueStep2Button.Visible = true; } private ContinueStep2Button_Click() { DoThat(); }

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  • Design pattern and best practices

    - by insane-36
    I am an iphone developer. I am quite confident on developing iphone application with some minimal feature. I would consider myself as a fair application developer but the code I write is not so much structured. I make vey little use of MVC because I dont seem to find places to impose MVC. Most of the time, I create application with viewcontrollers and very few models only. How could I improve the skill for making my code more reusable, standard, easy and maintainable. I have seen few books on design patterns and tried few chapters myself but I dont seem to skip my habit. I know few of them but I am not being able to apply those patterns into my app. What is the best way to learn the design patterns and coding habit. Any kind of suggestion is warmly welcomed.

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  • Industry-style practices for increasing productivity in a small scientific environment

    - by drachenfels
    Hi, I work in a small, independent scientific lab in a university in the United States, and it has come to my notice that, compared with a lot of practices that are ostensibly followed in the industry, like daily checkout into a version control system, use of a single IDE/editor for all languages (like emacs), etc, we follow rather shoddy programming practices. So, I was thinking of getting together all my programs, scripts, etc, and building a streamlined environment to increase productivity. I'd like suggestions from people on Stack Overflow for the same. Here is my primary plan.: I use MATLAB, C and Python scripts, and I'd like to edit, compile them from a single editor, and ensure correct version control. (questions/things for which I'd like suggestions are in italics) 1] Install Cygwin, and get it to work well with Windows so I can use git or a similar version control system (is there a DVCS which can work directly from the windows CLI, so I can skip the Cygwin step?). 2] Set up emacs to work with C, Python, and MATLAB files, so I can edit and compile all three at once from a single editor (say, emacs) (I'm not very familiar with the emacs menu, but is there a way to set the path to the compiler for certain languages? I know I can Google this, but emacs documentation has proved very hard for me to read so far, so I'd appreciate it if someone told me in simple language) 3] Start checking in code at the end of each day or half-day so as to maintain a proper path of progress of my code (two questions), can you checkout files directly from emacs? is there a way to checkout LabVIEW files into a DVCS like git? Lastly, I'd like to apologize for the rather vague nature of the question, and hope I shall learn to ask better questions over time. I'd appreciate it if people gave their suggestions, though, and point to any resources which may help me learn.

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  • Composing programs from small simple pieces: OOP vs Functional Programming

    - by Jay Godse
    I started programming when imperative programming languages such as C were virtually the only game in town for paid gigs. I'm not a computer scientist by training so I was only exposed to Assembler and Pascal in school, and not Lisp or Prolog. Over the 1990s, Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) became more popular because one of the marketing memes for OOP was that complex programs could be composed of loosely coupled but well-defined, well-tested, cohesive, and reusable classes and objects. And in many cases that is quite true. Once I learned object-oriented programming my C programs became better because I structured them more like classes and objects. In the last few years (2008-2014) I have programmed in Ruby, an OOP language. However, Ruby has many functional programming (FP) features such as lambdas and procs, which enable a different style of programming using recursion, currying, lazy evaluation and the like. (Through ignorance I am at a loss to explain why these techniques are so great). Very recently, I have written code to use methods from the Ruby Enumerable library, such as map(), reduce(), and select(). Apparently this is a functional style of programming. I have found that using these methods significantly reduce code volume, and make my code easier to debug. Upon reading more about FP, one of the marketing claims made by advocates is that FP enables developers to compose programs out of small well-defined, well-tested, and reusable functions, which leads to less buggy code, and low code volume. QUESTIONS: Is the composition of complex program by using FP techniques contradictory to or complementary to composition of a complex program by using OOP techniques? In which situations is OOP more effective, and when is FP more effective? Is it possible to use both techniques in the same complex program? Do the techniques overlap or contradict each other?

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  • Low coupling processing big quantities of data

    - by vitalik
    Usually I achieve low coupling by creating classes that exchange lists, sets, and maps between them. Now I am developing a batch application and I can't put all the data inside a data structure because there isn't enough memory. I have to read and process one chunk of data and then going to the next one. So having low coupling is much more difficult because I have to check somewhere if there is still data to read, etc. What I am using now is: Source - Process - Persist The classes that process have to ask to the Source classes if there are more rows to read. What are the best practices and or useful patterns in such situations? I hope I am explaining myself, if not tell me.

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  • One method with many behaviours or many methods

    - by Krowar
    This question is quite general and not related to a specific language, but more to coding best practices. Recently, I've been developing a feature for my app that is requested in many cases with slightly different behaviours. This function send emails , but to different receivers, or with different texts according to the parameters. The method signature is something like public static sendMail (t_message message = null , t_user receiver = null , stream attachedPiece = null) And then there are many condition inside the method, like if(attachedPiece != null) { } I've made the choice to do it this way (with a single method) because it prevents me to rewrite the (nearly) same method 10 times, but I'm not sure that it's a good practice. What should I have done? Write 10 sendMail method with different parameters? Are there obvious pros and cons for these different ways of programming? Thanks a lot.

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  • New book in the style of Advanced Programming Language Design by R. A. Finkel [closed]

    - by mfellner
    I am currently researching visual programming language design for a university paper and came across Advanced Programming Language Design by Raphael A. Finkel from 1996. Other, older discussions in the same vein on Stackoverflow have mentioned Language Implementation Patterns by Terence Parr and Programming Language Pragmatics* by Michael L. Scott. I was wondering if there is even more (and especially up-to-date) literature on the general topic of programming language design. *) http://www.cs.rochester.edu/~scott/pragmatics/

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  • Game programming course materials: What should it include?

    - by Esa
    I am tasked to create the course materials for a game programming class, and I’d like your opinion on what aspects and areas of game programming, such as game state management, game object storing or simple AI, should I include in it? The course is intented to be the first step into game programming for students with novice skills in programming. There will be mathematics as well, but I found that there are multiple questions, with good answers, on that subject already.

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