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  • Why are symbols not frozen strings?

    - by Alex Chaffee
    I understand the theoretical difference between Strings and Symbols. I understand that Symbols are meant to represent a concept or a name or an identifier or a label or a key, and Strings are a bag of characters. I understand that Strings are mutable and transient, where Symbols are immutable and permanent. I even like how Symbols look different from Strings in my text editor. What bothers me is that practically speaking, Symbols are so similar to Strings that the fact that they're not implemented as Strings causes a lot of headaches. They don't even support duck-typing or implicit coercion, unlike the other famous "the same but different" couple, Float and Fixnum. The mere existence of HashWithIndifferentAccess, and its rampant use in Rails and other frameworks, demonstrates that there's a problem here, an itch that needs to be scratched. Can anyone tell me a practical reason why Symbols should not be frozen Strings? Other than "because that's how it's always been done" (historical) or "because symbols are not strings" (begging the question). Consider the following astonishing behavior: :apple == "apple" #=> false, should be true :apple.hash == "apple".hash #=> false, should be true {apples: 10}["apples"] #=> nil, should be 10 {"apples" => 10}[:apples] #=> nil, should be 10 :apple.object_id == "apple".object_id #=> false, but that's actually fine All it would take to make the next generation of Rubyists less confused is this: class Symbol < String def initialize *args super self.freeze end (and a lot of other library-level hacking, but still, not too complicated) See also: http://onestepback.org/index.cgi/Tech/Ruby/SymbolsAreNotImmutableStrings.red http://www.randomhacks.net/articles/2007/01/20/13-ways-of-looking-at-a-ruby-symbol Why does my code break when using a hash symbol, instead of a hash string? Why use symbols as hash keys in Ruby? What are symbols and how do we use them? Ruby Symbols vs Strings in Hashes Can't get the hang of symbols in Ruby

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  • What should I call the process of converting an object to a string?

    - by shabbychef
    We are having a game of 'semantic football' in the office over this matter: I am writing a method for an object which will represent the object as a string. That string should be such that when typed (more likely, cut and pasted) into the interpreter window (I will keep the language name out of this for now), will produce an object which is, for our purposes, identical to the one upon which the method was called. There is a spirited discussion over the 'best' name for this method. The terms pickle, serialize, deflate, etc have been proposed. However, it seems that those terms assume some process for the de-pickling (unserialization, etc) that is not necessarily the language interpreter itself. That is, they do not specifically refer to the case where strings of valid code are produced. This is closer to a quine, but we are re-producing the object not the code, so this is not quite right. any suggestions?

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  • Should functions of a C library always expect a string's length?

    - by Benjamin Kloster
    I'm currently working on a library written in C. Many functions of this library expect a string as char* or const char* in their arguments. I started out with those functions always expecting the string's length as a size_t so that null-termination wasn't required. However, when writing tests, this resulted in frequent use of strlen(), like so: const char* string = "Ugh, strlen is tedious"; libFunction(string, strlen(string)); Trusting the user to pass properly terminated strings would lead to less safe, but more concise and (in my opinion) readable code: libFunction("I hope there's a null-terminator there!"); So, what's the sensible practice here? Make the API more complicated to use, but force the user to think of their input, or document the requirement for a null-terminated string and trust the caller?

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  • Looking for a non-cryptographic hash function that returns a single character

    - by makerofthings7
    Suppose I have a dictionary of ASCII words stored in uppercase. I also want to save those words into separate files so that the total word count of each file is approximately the same. By simply looking at the word I need to know which file it should be in (if it's there at all). Duplicate words should go into the same file and overwrite the last one. My first attempt at solving this problem is to use .NET's object.GetHashCode() function and .Trim() to get one of the "random" characters that pop up. I asked a similar question here If I only use one character of object.GetHashCode() I would get a hash code character of A..Z or 0..9. However saving the result of GetHashCode to disk is a no-no so I need a substitute. Question: What algorithm (or subset of an algorithm) is appropriate for pigeonholing strings into a single character or range of characters (Like hex 0..F offers 16 chars)? Real world usage: I'll use this answer to modify the Partition key used in Azure Table storage as described here

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  • Change a localized InfoPlist.strings using an Xcode target

    - by nevan
    Here's an obscure problem. I'm using an InfoPlist.strings to localize my app name. It's only got one value: CFBundleDisplayName = "Mon App". The strings file is localized (putting it in a directory for that localization). I've just made an extra target, where I change things like the non-localized app name (different Info.plists), and the icon. I'm also changing the Default.png using a run script build phase (copying different files depending on the app type I'm building). I've tried using the script to copy different versions of my InfoPlist.strings, but I couldn't make it work. Here's what I used: if($TARGET_NAME == "MonApp")then cp fr.lproj/MonApp_InfoPlist.strings fr.lproj/InfoPlist.strings endif I've seen a post suggesting wincent strings util for processing strings, but wanted to see if there's an easy way to do this. Any help greatly appreciated.

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  • What are the fastest-performing options for a read-only, unordered collection of unique strings?

    - by Dan Tao
    Disclaimer: I realize the totally obvious answer to this question is HashSet<string>. It is absurdly fast, it is unordered, and its values are unique. But I'm just wondering, because HashSet<T> is a mutable class, so it has Add, Remove, etc.; and so I am not sure if the underlying data structure that makes these operations possible makes certain performance sacrifices when it comes to read operations -- in particular, I'm concerned with Contains. Basically, I'm wondering what are the absolute fastest-performing data structures in existence that can supply a Contains method for objects of type string. Within or outside of the .NET framework itself. I'm interested in all kinds of answers, regardless of their limitations. For example I can imagine that some structure might be restricted to strings of a certain length, or may be optimized depending on the problem domain (e.g., range of possible input values), etc. If it exists, I want to hear about it. One last thing: I'm not restricting this to read-only data structures. Obviously any read-write data structure could be embedded inside a read-only wrapper. The only reason I even mentioned the word "read-only" is that I don't have any requirement for a data structure to allow adding, removing, etc. If it has those functions, though, I won't complain.

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  • Complex string matching with fuzzywuzzy

    - by That1Guy
    I'm attempting to write a process that matches obscure strings to a single 'master string' for further processing. I have a lot of data that looks something like this: Basketball Basket Ball Football BasketBallR BBall BBall - r FootB ...and so on. These need to be mapped to a master record like so: Basketball = Basket Ball, BBall Basketball - R = BasketBallR, BBall - r I also have instances of data resembling this format: Football -r FootBall - r-g/H,Q,HH These situations need to be separated into different categories before being mapped. For example FootBall - r-g/H,Q,HH should be: Football - r Football - g Football - H Football - Q Football - HH At this point, it still needs to be mapped to a master record... I've tried several different combinations of fuzzywuzzy matching methods, Levenshtein Distance measurements, regex, etc. and can't seem to find a reliable method to logically associate different naming styles of a single item with a master name. I'm throwing my hands up in desperation. Are there any existing python resources than can help sort out my problem? Are there other options? Can anybody point out an obvious option that I might have overlooked? Basically, any suggestion, solution, resource or alternative method is greatly appreciated.

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  • Referrer Strings

    - by WernerCD
    I'm not exactly sure how to ask this, but here I go. I work for a company that provides IT services. Our main costumer has a website developed by WebCompany.com, and I act as a maintainer/middle-man for this website for our customer. What's happening is that on the front page there is a drop-down-menu with links. One link goes to a third party website - ThirdParty.com. This third party website automatically logs you in based on your IP or your referrer string. Homepage ThirdParty.com Logged in via IP or referrer string. What's happening... is Website.com is passing along inconsistent referrer strings. I've asked them to look into it and they say it's not their fault, referrer strings are handled at the browser. ThirdParty.com is actually nice enough to have IP and referrer string listed on the front page for users not logged in. So... how can I trace the referrer string so that I can figure out why http://Website.com's front page link to ThirdParty.com is showing a referrer as "None" or "Thirdparty.com" instead of "ThirdParty.com"? Their website is build in PHP. Can you force all links on a website to list "referrer" as "http://website.com/"? instead of "http://website.com/portal/1" or "http://website.com/page3"?

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  • Localization of Database Strings in .Net

    - by Aligned
    I have several database tables that have a description column that I need to display in the UI. .Net has .resx files that will help with the translation of the strings, when the Thread.CurrentCulture.UICulture is set, but I needed a custom approach for the strings that are stored in the database and not in the .resx files. Here’s my approach: 1. Create a resource file for each database table and put them in the /Resources/Database/ directory. 2. Create a method in LocalizationHelpers (GetLocalizedString) that will get the string from the table for English (which should be cached to avoid unneeded service/database calls) or the resx when not English. 3. All database tables need to have a ResxKey field that matches the key in the resx file. 4. By convention the resx file will have the same name as the database table, and the key the same as the database ResxKey.   - if there are multiple columns that need translation, then one ResxKey will be used and Name or Description appended. Here’s the method I’m using to pull the string: public static string GetLocalizedString(string resourceName, string resourceKey) { if (executingAssembly == null) { executingAssembly = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly(); } ResourceManager manager = new ResourceManager(resourceName, executingAssembly); return manager.GetString(resourceKey); }

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  • Witchcraft! Php [migrated]

    - by Steve Green
    This is madness, hoping someone can explain. $dir = getcwd(); $a = "/bla/httpdocs/ble"; $b = "/bla/httpdocs/meh"; if( ($dir == $a) || ($dir == $b) ){ $dirlist = glob("../images2/spinner/*.jpg"); }else{ $dirlist = glob("images2/spinner/*.jpg"); } works fine but $dir = getcwd(); if( ($dir == "/bla/httpdocs/ble") || ($dir == "/bla/httpdocs/meh") ){ $dirlist = glob("../images2/spinner/*.jpg"); }else{ $dirlist = glob("images2/spinner/*.jpg"); } doesn't. (By doesn't work I mean it returns false, I also tried === ) Wondered if strings were being null terminated so tried: print_r(str_split($a)); //$a has been set to the string below for this. print_r(str_split("/bla/httpdocs/ble")); they returned identical arrays Array ( [0] => / [1] => b [2] => l [3] => a [4] => / [5] => h [6] => t [7] => t [8] => p [9] => d [10] => o [11] => c [12] => s [13] => / [14] => b [15] => l [16] => e ) Array ( [0] => / [1] => b [2] => l [3] => a [4] => / [5] => h [6] => t [7] => t [8] => p [9] => d [10] => o [11] => c [12] => s [13] => / [14] => b [15] => l [16] => e ) Anyone?

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  • Unicode strings in my C# App are shown with question marks

    - by mrbamboo
    Hi, I have a header file in C++/CLR project, which contains some strings in different languages. arabic, english, german, chinese, french, japanese etc... I have a second project written in C#. Here I access the strings stored in the header file of the C++/CLR project. The encoding of the header file is Unicode - Codepage 1200 or UTF-8. the visual studio editor is able to display the strings correctly. At runtime I access these strings and assign them into a local String variable. Here I recognized that many strings are not shown correctly. Doesn't matter if I assign them or not. Accessing the original place (while debugging) shows me all the foreign strings with question marks. Especially chinese, just question marks. Example : "So?e St?ange ?ext in Ch?n?se" (This is not the best example, I know) What is the problem? I read that C# is by default UTF-16, My header file containing the strings is UTF-16 or UTF-8. I must be able to handle strings in different languages. What am I doing wrong?

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  • Connection Strings, an Overview

    We asked Phil to come up with a simple explanation of connection strings. We somehow weren't expecting a 'quote of the day' for your database, or a C# application to gather data from the internet. However, sometimes the oblique approach is the best, especially when the knowledge comes from hard-won experience by a cynical man.

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  • Passing Strings by Ref

    - by SGWellens
    Humbled yet again…DOH! No matter how much experience you acquire, no matter how smart you may be, no matter how hard you study, it is impossible to keep fully up to date on all the nuances of the technology we are exposed to. There will always be gaps in our knowledge: Little 'dead zones' of uncertainty. For me, this time, it was about passing string parameters to functions. I thought I knew this stuff cold. First, a little review... Value Types and Ref Integers and structs are value types (as opposed to reference types). When declared locally, their memory storage is on the stack; not on the heap. When passed to a function, the function gets a copy of the data and works on the copy. If a function needs to change a value type, you need to use the ref keyword.  Here's an example:     // ---- declaration -----------------     public struct MyStruct    {        public string StrTag;    }     // ---- functions -----------------------     void SetMyStruct(MyStruct myStruct)     // pass by value    {        myStruct.StrTag = "BBB";    }     void SetMyStruct(ref MyStruct myStruct)  // pass by ref    {        myStruct.StrTag = "CCC";    }     // ---- Usage -----------------------     protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)    {        MyStruct Data;        Data.StrTag = "AAA";         SetMyStruct(Data);        // Data.StrTag is still "AAA"         SetMyStruct(ref Data);        // Data.StrTag is now "CCC"    } No surprises here. All value types like ints, floats, datetimes, enums, structs, etc. work the same way. And now on to... Class Types and Ref     // ---- Declaration -----------------------------     public class MyClass    {        public string StrTag;    }     // ---- Functions ----------------------------     void SetMyClass(MyClass myClass)  // pass by 'value'    {        myClass.StrTag = "BBB";    }     void SetMyClass(ref MyClass myClass)   // pass by ref    {        myClass.StrTag = "CCC";    }     // ---- Usage ---------------------------------------     protected void Button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)    {        MyClass Data = new MyClass();        Data.StrTag = "AAA";         SetMyClass(Data);          // Data.StrTag is now "BBB"         SetMyClass(ref Data);        // Data.StrTag is now "CCC"    }  No surprises here either. Since Classes are reference types, you do not need the ref keyword to modify an object. What may seem a little strange is that with or without the ref keyword, the results are the same: The compiler knows what to do. So, why would you need to use the ref keyword when passing an object to a function? Because then you can change the reference itself…ie you can make it refer to a completely different object. Inside the function you can do: myClass = new MyClass() and the old object will be garbage collected and the new object will be returned to the caller. That ends the review. Now let's look at passing strings as parameters. The String Type and Ref Strings are reference types. So when you pass a String to a function, you do not need the ref keyword to change the string. Right? Wrong. Wrong, wrong, wrong. When I saw this, I was so surprised that I fell out of my chair. Getting up, I bumped my head on my desk (which really hurt). My bumping the desk caused a large speaker to fall off of a bookshelf and land squarely on my big toe. I was screaming in pain and hopping on one foot when I lost my balance and fell. I struck my head on the side of the desk (once again) and knocked myself out cold. When I woke up, I was in the hospital where due to a database error (thanks Oracle) the doctors had put casts on both my hands. I'm typing this ever so slowly with just my ton..tong ..tongu…tongue. But I digress. Okay, the only true part of that story is that I was a bit surprised. Here is what happens passing a String to a function.     // ---- Functions ----------------------------     void SetMyString(String myString)   // pass by 'value'    {        myString = "BBB";    }     void SetMyString(ref String myString)  // pass by ref    {        myString = "CCC";    }     // ---- Usage ---------------------------------     protected void Button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)    {        String MyString = "AAA";         SetMyString(MyString);        // MyString is still "AAA"  What!!!!         SetMyString(ref MyString);        // MyString is now "CCC"    } What the heck. We should not have to use the ref keyword when passing a String because Strings are reference types. Why didn't the string change? What is going on?   I spent hours unssuccessfully researching this anomaly until finally, I had a Eureka moment: This code: String MyString = "AAA"; Is semantically equivalent to this code (note this code doesn't actually compile): String MyString = new String(); MyString = "AAA"; Key Point: In the function, the copy of the reference is pointed to a new object and THAT object is modified. The original reference and what it points to is unchanged. You can simulate this behavior by modifying the class example code to look like this:      void SetMyClass(MyClass myClass)  // call by 'value'    {        //myClass.StrTag = "BBB";        myClass = new MyClass();        myClass.StrTag = "BBB";    } Now when you call the SetMyClass function without using ref, the parameter is unchanged...just like the string example.  I hope someone finds this useful. Steve Wellens

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  • How can I Unescape and Reescape strings in .net?

    - by firoso
    So here's my situation. I am working on an editor for a communications channel that works over an RS232 serial ASCII terminal. Let's not go into detail for that ;-) To simplify, I need a textbox on a WPF control that can take in text like "Commit\r\n" (which is the .net string "Commit\r\n") and convert it back to "Commit\r\n" as a .net string. I was hoping for a string.Unescape() and string.Escape() method pair, but it doesn't seem to exist. Am I going to have to write my own? or is there a more simple way to do this?

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  • Best approach for a database of long strings

    - by gsingh2011
    I need to store questions and answers in a database. The questions will be one to two sentences, but the answers will be long, at least a paragraph, likely more. The only way I know about to do this right now is an SQL database. However, I don't feel like this is a good solution because as far as I've seen, these databases aren't used for data of this type or size. Is this the correct way to go or is there a better way to store this data? Is there a better way than storing raw strings?

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  • how to concatenate two strings in shell script in 3.13.0-34-generic kernel

    - by saikrishna
    I want to concatenate two strings for the shell file im getting error when i have created the shell file in following manner could you please suggest how to get it set export APP_HOME="/home/sfptladmin/ArchivalDaemon" export JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-oracle/jre" export LIBPATH="/home/sfptladmin/ArchivalDaemon/lib" export CPATH=$APP_HOME/conf export CPATH=$CPATH:$LIBPATH/commons-beanutils-core-1.7.0.jar export CPATH=$CPATH:$LIBPATH/commons-collections-3.2.jar export CPATH=$CPATH:$LIBPATH/commons-io-1.4.jar export CPATH=$CPATH:$LIBPATH/commons-lang.jar export CPATH=$CPATH:$LIBPATH/commons-net.jar export CPATH=$CPATH:$LIBPATH/dataloader-27.0.1-uber.jar export CPATH=$CPATH:$LIBPATH/dom4j-1.6.1.jar export CPATH=$CPATH:$LIBPATH/log4j-1.2.15.jar export CPATH=$CPATH:$LIBPATH/opencsv2.3.jar export CPATH=$CPATH:$LIBPATH/poi-3.7.jar export CPATH=$CPATH:$LIBPATH/poi-ooxml-3.7.jar export CPATH=$CPATH:$LIBPATH/poi-ooxml-schemas-3.7.jar export CPATH=$CPATH:$LIBPATH/wsc-23-min.jar export CPATH=$CPATH:$LIBPATH/xmlbeans-2.5.0.jar export CPATH=$CPATH:$LIBPATH/archival-daemon-main.jar export CPATH=$CPATH:$LIBPATH/sbmclasspath.jar export CPATH=$CPATH java -Xms256m -Xmx512m -classpath $CPATH "-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8" com.genpact.proflow.daemon.archival.manager.ArchivalManager echo $CPATH

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  • PowerShell One-Liners: Collections, Hashtables, Arrays and Strings

    The way to learn PowerShell is to browse and nibble, rather than to sit down to a formal five-course meal. In his continuing series on PowerShell one-liners, Michael Sorens provides Fast Food for busy professionals who want results quickly and aren't too faddy. Part 3 has as its tasty confections - Collections, Hashtables, arrays and strings. "A real time saver" Andy Doyle, Head of IT ServicesAndy and his team saved time by automating backup and restores with SQL Backup Pro. Find out how much time you could save. Download a free trial now.

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  • Improving performance of fuzzy string matching against a dictionary [closed]

    - by Nathan Harmston
    Hi, So I'm currently working for with using SecondString for fuzzy string matching, where I have a large dictionary to compare to (with each entry in the dictionary has an associated non-unique identifier). I am currently using a hashMap to store this dictionary. When I want to do fuzzy string matching, I first check to see if the string is in the hashMap and then I iterate through all of the other potential keys, calculating the string similarity and storing the k,v pair/s with the highest similarity. Depending on which dictionary I am using this can take a long time ( 12330 - 1800035 entries ). Is there any way to speed this up or make it faster? I am currently writing a memoization function/table as a way of speeding this up, but can anyone else think of a better way to improve the speed of this? Maybe a different structure or something else I'm missing. Many thanks in advance, Nathan

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  • Types of quotes for an HTML templating language

    - by Ralph
    I'm developing a templating language, and now I'm trying to decide on what I should do with quotes. I'm thinking about having 3 different types of quotes which are all handled differently: backtick ` double quote " single quote ' expand variables ? yes no escape sequences no yes ? escape html no yes yes Backticks Backticks are meant to be used for outputting JavaScript or unescaped HTML. It's often handy to be able to pass variables into JS, but it could also cause issues with things being treated as variables that shouldn't. My variables are PHP-style ($var) so I'm thinking that might mess with jQuery pretty bad... but if I disable variable expansion w/ backticks then, I'm not sure how would insert a variable into a JS code block? Single Quotes Not sure if escape sequences like \n should be treated as literals or converted. I find it pretty rare that I want to disable escape sequences, but if you do, you could use backticks. So I'm leaning towards "yes" for this one, but that would be contrary to how PHP does it. Double Quotes Pretty certain I want everything enabled for this one. Modifiers I'm also thinking about adding modifiers like @ or r in front of the string that would change some of these options to enable a few more combinations. I would need 9 different quotes or 3 quotes and 2 modifiers to get every combination wouldn't I? My language also supports "filters" which can be applied against any "term" (number, variable, string) so you could always write something like "blah blah $var blah"|expandvars Or "my string"|escapehtml Thoughts? What would you prefer? What would be least confusing/most intuitive?

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  • Index independent character comparison within text blocks

    - by Michael IV
    I have the following task: developing a program where there is a block of sample text which should be typed by user. Any typos the user does during the test are registered. Basically, I can compare each typed char with the sample char based on caret index position of the input, but there is one significant flaw in such a "naive" approach. If the user typed mistakenly more letters than a whole string has, or inserted more white spaces between the string than should be, then the rest of the comparisons will be wrong because of the index offsets added by the additional wrong insertions. I have thought of designing some kind of parser where each string (or even a char ) is tokenized and the comparisons are made "char-wise" and not "index-wise," but that seems to me like an overkill for such a task. I would like to get a reference to possibly existing algorithms which can be helpful in solving this kind of problem.

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  • Shortest Common Superstring: find shortest string that contains all given string fragments

    - by occulus
    Given some string fragments, I would like to find the shortest possible single string ("output string") that contains all the fragments. Fragments can overlap each other in the output string. Example: For the string fragments: BCDA AGF ABC The following output string contains all fragments, and was made by naive appending: BCDAAGFABC However this output string is better (shorter), as it employs overlaps: ABCDAGF ^ ABC ^ BCDA ^ AGF I'm looking for algorithms for this problem. It's not absolutely important to find the strictly shortest output string, but the shorter the better. I'm looking for an algorithm better than the obvious naive one that would try appending all permutations of the input fragments and removing overlaps (which would appear to be NP-Complete). I've started work on a solution and it's proving quite interesting; I'd like to see what other people might come up with. I'll add my work-in-progress to this question in a while.

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