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  • file system that allow to specify different RAID level per directory and change it afterward

    - by Adam Ryczkowski
    I have 5 hard drives, where I want to keep my data. Some of my files are more important, and some of them are less. So some of them I wish to put on RAID-6, and for some it RAID-5 is sufficient. It is difficult to predict at the moment of creation of the arrays how much space of each type to declare. What I would do if I didn't hear about zfs, is partition the hard drives into identical 100GB partitions, and as my needs grow, assemble those partitions into md devices using linux-raid. Then, I'd combine those devices using lvm into logical volumes where I'd put my data. So when I'd need more space of e.g. RAID-6, I'd take 100GB partition from each hard drive and assemble them into another RAID-6 md device and would use it as physical storage for the logical volume group dedicated for RAID-6 data. Then I could grow the file system on this logical volume. On top of RAID-6 and RAID-5 Volume Groups (managed by lvm) would reside completely independent file systems, which I'd later merge with multiple mount --bind into a single directory structure that would reflect the logical structure of data rather that of the storage. But now, when I heard about the ZFS with all the performance, data-healing and compression capabilities I cannot stop thinking if it can help me. If so, what do you think would be the best setup?

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  • openSuse full disk encryption

    - by djechelon
    I'm a proud Suser. I'm about to reinstall 12.2 on my ASUS N76VZ (UEFI x64 laptop). Since I'm very sensitive about laptop security against theft or unwanted inspection, I chose to use BitLocker with USB dongle in Windows 7. When installing Suse the last time I found that only the home partition (separated from root) was capable of being encrypted. Does Suse offer a full disk encryption solution like BitLocker that I haven't discovered yet? Or is encrypting home partition the only way to protect data? Encrypting only home is feasible as one stores personal data in home, but I still would like to encrypt the whole thing! Also, using a hardware token (no TPM available) for unlocking is preferred to password, if possible! Thanks

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  • When HDD becomes full, how to create a symbolic link to the data store on another disk?

    - by Brij Raj Singh
    I have a Linux Ubuntu machine which has an X GB hard disk. There is folder, say, /opt/software/data. The disk /dev/sda1 is almost full and I have attached another disk at /dev/sda2 which is mounted at /hdd2. Is it possible for me to link the folders /opt/software/data with /hdd2/software/data so, that every file get stored in the /hdd2/software/data but may be referred from the /opt/software/data? I can't do a reinstall of the software that creates this data, to change the default location of storage.

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  • Problems bringing up a second virtual network interface

    - by tubaguy50035
    I'm having issues adding a second IP address to one interface. Below is my /etc/networking/interfaces # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback #eth0 is our main IP address auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 198.58.103.* netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 198.58.103.1 #eth0:0 is our private address auto eth0:0 iface eth0:0 inet static address 192.168.129.134 netmask 255.255.128.0 #eth0:1 is for www.site.com auto eth0:1 iface eth0:1 inet static address 198.58.104.* netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 198.58.104.1 When I run /etc/init.d/networking restart, I get a fail error about bringing up eth0:1: RTNETLINK answers: File exists Failed to bring up eth0:1. Any reason this would be? I didn't have any problems with I first set up eth0 and eth0:0.

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  • Unable to get to remote samba share

    - by tubaguy50035
    I have a remote VPS that I would like to setup samba on and only allow my IP access to it. I currently have in my smb.conf: [global] netbios name = apollo security = user encrypt passwords = true socket options = TCP_NODELAY printing = bsd log level = 3 log file = /var/log/samba/log/%m debug timestamp = yes max log size = 100 [hosting] path = /hosting/ comment = Hosting Folder browseable = yes read only = yes guest account = yes valid users = nick I have the ports (137,138,139,445) open in iptables (they're open to everyone right now while I debug) and I see nothing in the syslog about iptables blocking my requests. When I try to open a file browser to my address \\ipaddress, it hangs for a good thirty seconds, and then opens a log in box. I enter my user name and password for the server, hit okay. It then opens the same box, I enter my credentials again and hit enter. Windows then tells me it could not connect. My user account is added to Samba already. Anybody have any suggestions what I can do to get this working?

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  • Ubuntu 12.04 - Custom Quick Launcher Menu

    - by gotqn
    I have been using Ubuntu for few weeks now and I am have been trying to create custom menu which to add in the launcher. Please, note that my version is 12.04 and I have not got any experience with Linux. I have checked a lot articles and questions likes this one, but have not been able to find what I am looking for. I want to create a custom quick launcher menu and to add it the the standard launcher, but I want to add links to other programs or folders in it. For example: A browsers menu - when it is open (with right mouse click on it), my browsers will be listed: chrome safari opera firefox I even may add their icons there. Music menu - some shortcuts to my favorite music folders.

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  • Port Forwarding Using iptables on Ubuntu

    - by user141610
    This is the scenario. I have configured a web-server in MUX. Now I want to access that web-server from Internet. Ubuntu box has two interfaces, One is connected to WAN (Public IP) and another one is connected to MUX (Private IP). MUX has no option to insert default gateway. iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -i eth0 -d 103.x.x.x --dport 8001 -j DNAT --to-destination 192.168.1.2:8080 iptables -A FORWARD -p tcp -d 192.168.1.2 --dport 8080 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT It does not work. Thanks...

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  • localhost as hostname confusion [duplicate]

    - by Baboon
    This question already has an answer here: localhost as hostname confusion 1 answer I have a basic understanding about hostname and FQDN. Now I am confused, do I really have to specify a name for my hostname? So for example: Hostname: somename Domain: mydomain.com FQDN: somename.mydomain.com Now, I see something that the hostname is localhost. What is the difference and impact of that? So my FQDN if localhost is my hostname would be localhost.mydomain.com, right?

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  • Windows 7 BSOD, safe mode working,

    - by mil0ck
    I need help getting my dualboot with Windows 7 and Ubuntu 12.04 to work, and since I'm not to experienced with computers I've been pretty dumb. Here's what I've done, quite shortend though: First removed a Ubuntu 10.04 partion, and replaced bootloader using EasyBCD Installed Ubuntu 12.04 on same partion as before Decided I need more space so I shrinked my C: partion (Windows partion) using Here, after rebooting my computer, I was stuck a grub rescue, when booting up the computer I fixed that by using SuperGrubDisk Rescatux and then using my Windows Vista install disk to repair the computer (computer is using Windows 7) I know re-installed Ubuntu 12.04 on the linux partion and got the GRUB-bootloader working Then, after using my computer for several hours, I installed beta drivers (version 304.79) for my GeForce GTS 240 and then rebooted my computer. At the first boot (after reboot) my computer just crashed, and here I am When trying to boot Windows 7 now I get a Blue Screen Of Death. I can though boot in to safe mode with everything working. I have uninstalled the beta drivers and installed the same one as before but still the same problem. I have tried all the commands in Bootrec.exe and none is working. I can't neither find an OS when using Bootrec.exe/ScanOs. I have also tried running: sfc/scannow and that comes out clean. Short: My harddrive and files seems to be intact but when booting I get bluescreen. I can though boot in to safemode with everything working. I need help Thanks to anyone who even took the time to read that. //mil0ck

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  • VirtualBox with Ubuntu Server guest can't ping outside

    - by Danidan
    Here's my situation: an Ubuntu 12.04 Host running VirtualBox; two guest VMs running Ubuntu Server 12.04 home network, so my Host pc has a wireless connection to the router of my ISP. My problem is in one of the virtual machines: it has 3 NICs, one in NAT mode and the others in Host Only mode. My purpose is to use eth0 (NAT) for Internet access and eth1, eth2 (Host Only) for management of internal virtual network (eth1 uses a VBoxNet with this IP 192.168.69.254). Whenever I try to $ping 8.8.8.8 I get Destination Host Unreachable. While if I $ping 192.168.69.10, that is the IP of the other VM, it works. I can't also ping my Host nor my router My /etc/network/interfaces file is: auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp auto eth1 iface eth1 inet static address 192.168.69.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 auto eth2 iface ifconfig $IFACE 0.0.0.0 up up ip link set $IFACE promisc on down ip link set $IFASE promisc off down ifconfig $IFACE down $route -n returns: Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 10.0.2.2 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0 10.0.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 192.168.69.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 192.168.100.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0 Forgetting for now what eth2 needs to do and its setup, why I can't go outside the Host box? What can I do to help you helping me? :-)

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  • Apache2 403 permission denied on Ubuntu 12.04

    - by skeniver
    I have a sub-directory in my /var/www folder called prod, which is password protected. It was all working fine until I asked my server admin to help me set up allow all access to one particular file. Now the entire folder is just giving me a 403 error. This is the sites-enabled file: <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] # Server name ServerName prod.xxx.co.uk DocumentRoot /var/www/prod <Directory /var/www/prod> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews +ExecCGI Includes AllowOverride None Order allow,deny AuthType Basic AuthName "Please log in" AuthUserFile /home/ubuntu/.htpasswd Require valid-user </Directory> <Directory /var/www/prod/xxx/cgi-bin/api.pl> Allow from All Satisfy Any </Directory> ScriptAlias /xxx/cgi-bin/ /var/www/prod/xxx/cgi-bin/ ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/prod.xxx.error.log # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. LogLevel warn CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/prod.xxx.access.log combined </VirtualHost> Now he's unsure why this is blocking me out completely. No permissions have been changed, but this is the /var/www/ folder: 4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 3 21:10 images 4 drwxr-sr-x 4 root www-data 4096 Mar 31 14:47 jslib 4 drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 4096 Jun 2 13:00 prod When I try to visit http://prod.xxx.co.uk, I don't get asked for the password; I just get 403'd I hope I've given enough information... Anyone able to spot something he can't?

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  • rsync server, uploaded files permissions incorrect

    - by fred basset
    I'm trying to setup an rsync server on my Ubuntu machine. Transfer from a local PC to the server via rsync does work, but the resultant uploaded files have no r,w or x bits set, e.g. ---------- 1 fredb fredb 0 Aug 30 20:50 sk_upgrade_20120830_033450.txt ---------- 1 fredb fredb 0 Aug 30 20:50 sk_user_20120827_184534.txt ---------- 1 fredb fredb 0 Aug 30 20:50 sk_user_20120830_033450.txt My rsyncd.conf file is: motd file = /etc/rsyncd.motd [workspace] path = /tmp comment = rsync server uid = nobody gid = nobody read only = false auth users = fredb secrets file = /etc/rsyncd.scrt How can I get the target files permissions correct? Also once I've solved this problem how can I transfer without a password? TY, Fred

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  • Reasons for Wi-Fi to be slower on Ubuntu compared to Windows?

    - by den-javamaniac
    I'm using 64-bit Ubuntu 12.04 and Windows 7 64 bit – dual boot on the same computer. Connecting to the same wireless network. And it turns out that on Windows I get a more stable and stronger signal than on Ubuntu. To my knowledge there's a router which serves as a gateway and then there's a cable connected to the router which goes further to ISP, so the results for both OS should be the same. I've tested the issue on both OSs at various times and it gave me the same result. The question is why? Why Ubuntu networking is worse than that of Windows?

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  • MySQL won't start, reinstall fails on Ubuntu 12.04

    - by Evils
    My problem started yesterday night when I tried to change the my.cnf config on my ubuntu 12.04 x64 System. I simply tried to changed the bind-address parameter from 127.0.0.1 to 0.0.0.0. A simple restart after a reboot gave this error: stop: Unknown instance: start: Job failed to start I tried to start mysql then by using 'mysqld' which outputs this: 130701 11:05:59 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled. mysqld: Table 'mysql.plugin' doesn't exist 130701 11:05:59 [ERROR] Can't open the mysql.plugin table. Please run mysql_upgrade to create it. 130701 11:05:59 InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled 130701 11:05:59 InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins 130701 11:05:59 InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3.4 130701 11:05:59 InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M 130701 11:05:59 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool 130701 11:05:59 InnoDB: highest supported file format is Barracuda. 130701 11:05:59 InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start 130701 11:06:00 InnoDB: 5.5.31 started; log sequence number 1595675 130701 11:06:00 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '127.0.0.1'; port: 3306 130701 11:06:00 [Note] - '127.0.0.1' resolves to '127.0.0.1'; 130701 11:06:00 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '127.0.0.1'. 130701 11:06:00 [ERROR] Can't start server : Bind on unix socket: Permission denied 130701 11:06:00 [ERROR] Do you already have another mysqld server running on socket: /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock ? 130701 11:06:00 [ERROR] Aborting 130701 11:06:00 InnoDB: Starting shutdown... 130701 11:06:00 InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1595675 130701 11:06:00 [Note] mysqld: Shutdown complete Meanwhile I already tried to reinstall and purge the complete mysql package which results in another error which says that dpkg cant change the admins password. While this error appeared another error came with it. When trying to install something new with apt, it always says 'fopen: permission denied' right after it tries to update my man-db. This is my dmesg output: [ 6879.687998] type=1400 audit(1372669683.397:36): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" name="/usr/sbin/mysqld" pid=9336 comm="apparmor_parser" [ 6881.323215] init: mysql main process (9340) terminated with status 1 [ 6881.323316] init: mysql respawning too fast, stopped Any help will be appreciated as this is a productive server which renders useless without mysql.

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  • Ubuntu 12.10 sources.list empty after install

    - by Martin Nielsen
    I recently installed the Ubuntu 12.10 server version from a USB stick. The step "Install additional software" or whatever keeps failing, so i though screw it and continued. Everything else worked like a charm. I thought. Turns out, the only two entries in my sources.list are the install CD. This means that i have no way of getting a.. well.. anything installed. Can someone give me a short list of repositories that i need so i can put them in the file? And on a similar note: What is the comment character for the sources list? #?

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  • Access a windows dynamic hard drive through a virtual machine on ubuntu?

    - by Enigma
    I have a Windows 7 OS and am thinking about transitioning to a dual boot set up with Ubuntu 12.04. From what I recall, it is not possible to natively access Dynamic Windows Partitions in a Linux OS. My thought is that it might be possible to have a virtual machine (running windows) installed within Ubuntu access the physical dynamic drive. The problem comes to whether VMWare can access the physical disk "high enough" to be able to mount it within the windows virtual machine as a native device or if it gets passed through from the native Linux OS. This is really the only thing holding me back from switching to a dual-boot set up as the dynamic disk is made up of 4 or 5 hard drives and I would very much like access to the data on both OS's. Alternatively, is there another solution for combining multiple physical hard drives into one virtual hard drive that would be readable on both OS's?

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  • Authentication error in LTSP client

    - by sat
    I am building a LTSP server with LDAP authentication for LTSP Clients. I have configured LDAP server also. When I try to login from LTSP client in GUI, I am getting No response from server, restarting. Then, It's restarting the GUI and comes to the login screen again. I thought that there could be a problem with LDAP authentication. But, When I try to login from Alt+Ctrl+F1 terminal in LTSP client, it is logged in successfully with LDAP user. LDAP Server and authentication is working fine. Even, after executing the below commands, still I am getting the same error. ltsp-update-sshkeys ltsp-update-kernels ltsp-update-image --arch i386 Whether I need to configure anything for GUI login from LTSP Client? How to fix this issue?

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  • Print same text several time to one page

    - by RiaD
    I have a odt(or pdf, or ps) file. [Really I have odt, but I can easily convert it], it consist of 1 page. No I want to print it to another pdf 4 times to 1 page. There is an option pages per side, so If I copy-paste 4 times my document and set this option to 4 I'll have my expected result. But I want to do it without copy-paste because it's quite annoying to copy-and-paste before each printing. Is it simpler way?

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  • My VPS ubuntu server is very slow

    - by askmike
    I just installed a frech copy of Ubuntu 12.04 on my vps because my old installation was very slow, unfortunately this did not fix the problem. With slow I mean requests for my PHP websites take a long time, very slow (30 sec per request) to slow (3+ sec per request). When it's really bad SSH is also laggish. The websites are: askmike.org (pretty standard Wordpress) mvr.me (own PHP) slow? very slow: Here is a picture of loading a clean install of wordpress slow: here is a picture of loading a small PHP based website the vps The VPS has 256mb ram and an 25GB hdd. Besides serving the 2 small websites it isn't doing anything AFAIK. What have I installed Clean Ubuntu server 12.04 LAMP stack few things like git and nodejs (not using both) ossec (because I thought my server was getting hammered) munin What I already tried / done I installed munin so that I could watch io speed and such. The problem is that I don't know where to look for in the munin report. I checked logs and don't see anything strange (although I don't really know where to look for besides strange / repetitive errors and GET requests). I configured Apache MPM to: <IfModule mpm_prefork_module> StartServers 5 MinSpareServers 5 MaxSpareServers 10 MaxClients 40 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 </IfModule> (apache is using prefork, the default) Stats I copied the munin report as it appeared at 4:50 last night to a site hosted on a shared webhost. Note that tonight my mysql crashed somewhere after 1:00 (which is a new problem altogether), so therefor the graph for last night might look strange. Can anyone help me get my VPS up to normal speed? EDIT: Thanks for the replies. The VPS is 10 bucks a month and is from directvps.nl (Dutch host and I'm also dutch). I did two speed tests for disk IO: $ dd if=/dev/zero of=test bs=64k count=16k conv=fdatasync 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 23.1506 s, 46.4 MB/s $ dd if=/dev/zero of=test bs=64k count=16k conv=fdatasync 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 39.3796 s, 27.3 MB/s Anyway: how can I prove to my VPS host that it is to slow? I can understand a server being busy slowing a website down. But 5-30 sec loadtime for a normal PHP webpage?

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  • Linux : How to convert media files to DVD format and burn?

    - by James.Elsey
    I have a load of media files on my PC, mostly AVI/MKV and some mpegs. On windows, I would use ConvertXToDVD to convert these to DVD format, and to burn to disc. That application also lets you save a bit of space on the DVD to put the original file in its AVI format on as well. How can I do this on linux? What are the alternatives to this Windows application? I could try to run ConvertXtoDVD under wine but I would prefer to find a native linux solution Thanks in advance!

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  • Get extra hard drive space from windows 7

    - by abhinole
    I am using Ubuntu 12.04 and Windows 7 (dual-boot) on my laptop.For some reasons I want some more space in my Ubuntu partition.I have installed gParted in Ubuntu.Now is it recommended to get this required extra space from Windows 7 drive (*where my linux is installed *) directly using gParted? Will it cause damage to my boot loader or my data on the partition from where I wish to grab some space? Any help will be appreciated. Thanks in advance.

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  • How to update debian dns server? New VM with same hostname as old VM

    - by opensourcechris
    We run several linux VM's on our Hyper-V cluster. Our old IT manager configured the dns server to resolve the url 'devlabs.ourdomain.com' to a debian squeeze apache webserver hosted on the hyper v cluster with the hostname: devlabs. We recently created a new Ubuntu vm to replace the original squeeze vm. When we created the new Ubuntu VM we used the same hostname of 'devlabs" to name the new VM. My problem is that now I am only able to access the new Ubuntu VM by using the IP address. How can I update our DNS server to point the url 'devlabs.ourdomain.com' to the new VM?

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  • ImageMagick convert to png32, can't change background at all

    - by Doug
    So I'm stumped. I've been wrestling with this simple command to turn an SVG file into a transparent SVG to no avail. Here's my command convert svg:/home/media/svgTest.svg -quality 100 -background none -size 3300x3300 png32:/home/media/pngTest.png The PNG comes out fine, but the background is white. Upon further investigation - the PNG's background is white no matter what I set the -background option to. I've tried black, tomato4, and even various hex colors. Nothing - just white. My SVG has no background fill layer or anything like that, it's just a couple of blue path layers. Also, I am running ImageMagick v 6.6.9-7 on Ubuntu 12.04 Lts What am I doing wrong? Thanks

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  • Write hash password to LDAP when creating a new user

    - by alibaba
    I am working on a project with a central user database system. One of the requirements of the system is that there should be only one set of users for all the application. FreeRADIUS and Samba are two my applications that both use LDAP as their backend. Since users must be the same for the entire system that contains many other applications, I have to read the list of users from the central database and recreate them in the LDAP directories for Samba and FreeRADIUS. The problem is that users are sent to me from another entity and I can save them in the database with their hash passwords. I don't have access to their cleartext passwords. I am wondering if I could enter directly a hash password for a new user in LDAP with my preferred hash mechanism. If not, can any one tell me what strategy I have to use? I am running my server on UBUNTU 12.04 and all other applications are the latest versions. My database system is PostgreSQL 9.2. Thank you

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  • Linux cannot alter partition table of main hard disk of my laptop

    - by djechelon
    I run openSUSE 12.2 on my ASUS N76VZ laptop. My problem is that I cannot alter the partition table of first hard disk /dev/sda1. YaST partitioner says it's unreadable, but actually it can read it but not alter it. It doesn't tell me anything else, except that I can wipe the partition table (having to reinstall Windows for the third time). Since I want to create new partitions on that disk, how do I fix the partition table layout? I could create new partition from Windows Computer Management and format them in Linux. I could do this, but it doesn't explain the problem

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