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  • What is the effect on LVM snapshot size when a file block is rewritten with it's original contents?

    - by NevilleDNZ
    I'm exploring using LVM snapshot's to off site incremental archives from a snapshot "master" file system. In essence: simply copy across only the files on the "master" that have changed since the last incremental copy to the "archive". Then snapshot the "archive" to retain the incremental. I am a bit puzzled as to the block usage behaviour of the archive's own incremental snapshot. I'm expecting that LVM is not smart enough to know that the "file block" is actually unchanged, and the a new copy will be allocated and written for the fresh "archive" file system. Can anyone confirm this, or point me to a document/page that gives some hints? BTW: the OS hard disk cache, hard disk physical cache and hard disk itself also doesn't need to do any actual "disk writes" as the "disk block" likewise is unnecessary. Any pointers to discussion of this style of optimisation would also be ineresting.

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  • Help me upgrade my pf.conf for OpenBSD 4.7

    - by polemon
    I'm planning on upgrading my OpenBSD to 4.7 (from 4.6) and as you may or may not know, they changed the syntax for pf.conf. This is the relevant portion from the upgrade guide: pf(4) NAT syntax change As described in more detail in this mailing list post, PF's separate nat/rdr/binat (translation) rules have been replaced with actions on regular match/filter rules. Simple rulesets may be converted like this: nat on $ext_if from 10/8 -> ($ext_if) rdr on $ext_if to ($ext_if) -> 1.2.3.4 becomes match out on $ext_if from 10/8 nat-to ($ext_if) match in on $ext_if to ($ext_if) rdr-to 1.2.3.4 and... binat on $ext_if from $web_serv_int to any -> $web_serv_ext becomes match on $ext_if from $web_serv_int to any binat-to $web_serv_ext nat-anchor and/or rdr-anchor lines, e.g. for relayd(8), ftp-proxy(8) and tftp-proxy(8), are no longer used and should be removed from pf.conf(5), leaving only the anchor lines. Translation rules relating to these and spamd(8) will need to be adjusted as appropriate. N.B.: Previously, translation rules had "stop at first match" behaviour, with binat being evaluated first, followed by nat/rdr depending on direction of the packet. Now the filter rules are subject to the usual "last match" behaviour, so care must be taken with rule ordering when converting. pf(4) route-to/reply-to syntax change The route-to, reply-to, dup-to and fastroute options in pf.conf move to filteropts; pass in on $ext_if route-to (em1 192.168.1.1) from 10.1.1.1 pass in on $ext_if reply-to (em1 192.168.1.1) to 10.1.1.1 becomes pass in on $ext_if from 10.1.1.1 route-to (em1 192.168.1.1) pass in on $ext_if to 10.1.1.1 reply-to (em1 192.168.1.1) Now, this is my current pf.conf: # $OpenBSD: pf.conf,v 1.38 2009/02/23 01:18:36 deraadt Exp $ # # See pf.conf(5) for syntax and examples; this sample ruleset uses # require-order to permit mixing of NAT/RDR and filter rules. # Remember to set net.inet.ip.forwarding=1 and/or net.inet6.ip6.forwarding=1 # in /etc/sysctl.conf if packets are to be forwarded between interfaces. ext_if="pppoe0" int_if="nfe0" int_net="192.168.0.0/24" polemon="192.168.0.10" poletopw="192.168.0.12" segatop="192.168.0.20" table <leechers> persist set loginterface $ext_if set skip on lo match on $ext_if all scrub (no-df max-mss 1440) altq on $ext_if priq bandwidth 950Kb queue {q_pri, q_hi, q_std, q_low} queue q_pri priority 15 queue q_hi priority 10 queue q_std priority 7 priq(default) queue q_low priority 0 nat-anchor "ftp-proxy/*" rdr-anchor "ftp-proxy/*" nat on $ext_if from !($ext_if) -> ($ext_if) rdr pass on $int_if proto tcp to port ftp -> 127.0.0.1 port 8021 rdr pass on $ext_if proto tcp to port 2080 -> $segatop port 80 rdr pass on $ext_if proto tcp to port 2022 -> $segatop port 22 rdr pass on $ext_if proto tcp to port 4000 -> $polemon port 4000 rdr pass on $ext_if proto tcp to port 6600 -> $polemon port 6600 anchor "ftp-proxy/*" block pass on $int_if queue(q_hi, q_pri) pass out on $ext_if queue(q_std, q_pri) pass out on $ext_if proto icmp queue q_pri pass out on $ext_if proto {tcp, udp} to any port ssh queue(q_hi, q_pri) pass out on $ext_if proto {tcp, udp} to any port http queue(q_std, q_pri) #pass out on $ext_if proto {tcp, udp} all queue(q_low, q_hi) pass out on $ext_if proto {tcp, udp} from <leechers> queue(q_low, q_std) pass in on $ext_if proto tcp to ($ext_if) port ident queue(q_hi, q_pri) pass in on $ext_if proto tcp to ($ext_if) port ssh queue(q_hi, q_pri) pass in on $ext_if proto tcp to ($ext_if) port http queue(q_hi, q_pri) pass in on $ext_if inet proto icmp all icmp-type echoreq queue q_pri If someone has experience with porting the 4.6 pf.conf to 4.7, please help me do the correct changes. OK, this is how far I've got: I commented out nat-anchor and rdr-anchor, as describted in the guide: #nat-anchor "ftp-proxy/*" #rdr-anchor "ftp-proxy/*" And this is how I've "converted" the rdr rules: #nat on $ext_if from !($ext_if) -> ($ext_if) match out on $ext_if from !($ext_if) nat-to ($ext_if) #rdr pass on $int_if proto tcp to port ftp -> 127.0.0.1 port 8021 match in on $int_if proto tcp to port ftp rdr-to 127.0.0.1 port 8021 #rdr pass on $ext_if proto tcp to port 2080 -> $segatop port 80 match in on $ext_if proto tcp tp port 2080 rdr-to $segatop port 80 #rdr pass on $ext_if proto tcp to port 2022 -> $segatop port 22 match in on $ext_if proto tcp tp port 2022 rdr-to $segatop port 22 rdr pass on $ext_if proto tcp to port 4000 -> $polemon port 4000 match in on $ext_if proto tcp tp port 4000 rdr-to $polemon port 4000 rdr pass on $ext_if proto tcp to port 6600 -> $polemon port 6600 match in on $ext_if proto tcp tp port 6600 rdr-to $polemon port 6600 Did I miss anything? Is the anchor for ftp-proxy OK as it is now? Do I need to change something in the other pass in on... lines?

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  • negative time for a ping echo reply

    - by Mario
    I was happily pinging in the net when suddenly: Pinging X with 32 bytes of data: Reply from .235: bytes=32 time=1444ms TTL=41 Reply from .235: bytes=32 time=1767ms TTL=41 Reply from .235: bytes=32 time=1531ms TTL=41 Reply from .235: bytes=32 time=-1198187ms TTL=41 Ping statistics for .235: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 1444ms, Maximum = -1198187ms, Average = 1073443462ms A negative time for the reply. I checked wireshark and it had the same values: Time delta from previous displayed frame: -1198.187867000 seconds Time since reference or first frame: -1179.935038000 seconds I didn't change the time of the machine while pinging. This was made in my local network at home, from a XP VM in windows 7. So I blame the VM (virtualbox). But I was wondering if this strange behaviour (to me) could have a reason, or if any of you have seen this before. Thank you bye.

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  • Laptop screen turns off on removing power cord

    - by YatharthROCK
    After a recent upgrade to Windows 8.1 Pro from W8, my laptop's screen turns off as soon as you remove the power cord. It turns back on with no issues when you plug the power back in. Keyboard and mouse input is processed while the screen is off. My settings tell the screen to go off after 2 minutes of inactivity on battery. I was having a battery issue from before where my laptop would should down after 5 minutes of running on battery (despite showing 60% left), but I think that's unrelated. Any other info will be provided on request. Can anyone help me figure out what's going on? How can I stop this behaviour?

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  • Windows 7 taskbar items not grouping properly

    - by Joel in Gö
    I don't understand the Windows 7 taskbar behaviour. For some programs it will not group the running instances, or will groups some of them but not all. I have set taskbar items to "always combine", but this has not helped. It seems to possibly be two issues: with an app that has a different taskbar icon when running than for its launcher; and for VisualStudio, when starting by double clicking a project it groups separately from when starting the IDE from the .exe. Is there any way to force the items to combine? I quite like the Win7 taskbar, and would like it to work consistently...

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  • recommended way to collect email notifications from crond in Arch Linux

    - by nponeccop
    Arch Linux doesn't have sendmail installed by default. So I get the following messages in my syslog: Sep 15 13:16:01 zorro crond[18497]: mailing cron output for user collectors sh cronjob.sh Sep 15 13:16:01 zorro crond[18497]: unable to exec /usr/sbin/sendmail: cron output for user collectors sh cronjob.sh to /dev/null What is the recommended way to fix this default behaviour so actual messages are sent? heirloom-mailx is installed and capable of sending email messages using SMTP. Is it possible for crond to use mailx to send notifications? Is there any drop-in replacement for sendmail that sends using mailx? Sendmail is not even in the repositories.

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  • Laptop Power down.

    - by BENBUN
    This question relates to my ACER laptop running Windows VISTA. Currently when I close the lid of my laptop the laptop does not power down, however when I open the lid it does. When looking at the power settings it is set to power down when closing the lid. The trigger to this seems to be the lid being opened not being closed. I seem to recall this behaviour changing when I installed Windows Media centre. Any ideas on how I can get the power down to work on the lid closing. thanks

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  • How can I edit files directly from find results

    - by Sergio Tulentsev
    Let's say, I want to replace one string with another. Normally I use TextMate, but today, I don't remember why, I decided to run the search in Sublime Text 2 (which I installed some time ago, but haven't used since). I was impressed with "Find Results" window, seems more useful that textmate's. Then I tried to edit text right inside that window and (I can swear on my macbook) it worked (I was able to commit those changes to git repo)! I thought then, "Wow, that's a really nice feature. Should I migrate from TM already?". Unfortunately, I wasn't able to reproduce this behaviour later. I can still edit text in "find results" window, but changes don't persist (that is, original files are not touched). Am I doing something wrong now, or was it caffeine-induced hallucination earlier in the day?

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  • Laptop Power down.

    - by BENBUN Coder
    This question relates to my ACER laptop running Windows VISTA. Currently when I close the lid of my laptop the laptop does not power down, however when I open the lid it does. When looking at the power settings it is set to power down when closing the lid. The trigger to this seems to be the lid being opened not being closed. I seem to recall this behaviour changing when I installed Windows Media centre. Any ideas on how I can get the power down to work on the lid closing. thanks

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  • Incorrect "from" account used when accepting Outlook meeting requests

    - by Greg
    I am using Outlook 2013 and I have multiple accounts configured: AccountA (IMAP) - default account AccountB (Exchange) (There are others but I don't think it's directly relevant) I have been receiving Outlook meeting requests via AccountB and duly accepting them. All of my meetings, whether recorded manually or via meeting requests are saved in the calendar for AccountA (this works fine). I have discovered today that even though meeting requests are arriving via AccountB, the accept/decline messages that Outlook generates on my behalf (when I click the accept/decline button) are addressed from AccountA. I don't believe that I have any control over the address used to reply. This seems non-intuitive at best. I understand that the underlying calendar is in AccountA, but in every other scenario the "From" address in a reply to a message defaults to the account it was sent to. Can I change this behaviour so that it works as I expect?

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  • Cannot schedule task to run under domain user account other than current user

    - by Filburt
    On our Win 2008 machines I can't schedule tasks for domain users because the domain name does not resolve to network name but the AD dc name. The "network name" looks like ABCDEFGE-HIJKLM and the "dc" / "name" would look like ABCDEFGE-HIJKLMN. When selecting the domain user account the account qualifier will look like ABCDEFGE-HIJKLMN\task.user. This results in an "invalid account" error. When however keeping the currently logged in user it will display ABCDEFGE-HIJKLM\current.user. Does this behaviour result from the presumable "illegal" domain name? Is there a workaround for this? update I could of course log in as the desired domain account and create the task but since this account is a account used for running services I want to avoid creating a user profile on the machine.

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  • Throttling apache downloads selectively

    - by Synchro
    I have a linux box running Debian Sarge (old I know) and apache 2.0.54. It serves two kinds of files - regular web pages and small images, and a lot of large podcast mp3s. The podcast downloads swamp the connection and make the rest of the site unresponsive, so I'm looking to throttle the data transfer rate (not the request rate) of just the podcasts. I've set up haproxy using this technique which does what it says it will, but solves a different problem - even only 5 simultaneous podcast downloads is enough to saturate the link. In a perfect world, haproxy would support per-connection throttling, but it doesn't. So far I've looked at mod_bw (won't compile for me, seems unsupported), mod_cband (unsupported, widely reported as problematic) and iptables using tc. The iptables approach would allow me to throttle things, but would not be at all selective, slowing down everything on the server, not just the podcasts, so would just move the bottleneck without changing overall behaviour. Ideas?

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  • Why does the task pictogram flashes instead of opening the program?

    - by fredley
    Sometimes, when I select a click a program on the Windows 7 taskbar it won't appear (it doesn't gain focus and remains behind other open windows), and the icon will flash and turn orange. This happens reasonably frequently, and I've had it happen on two separate Windows installs on different machines. It just happened now and the only programs I have with active windows are Chrome, WMP and Explorer (2). It happened when I clicked Explorer. Once this has happened to one window, it affects all windows, and the only way I can switch between programs is by finding the window manually or using Windows+Tab. The only way I've come across to get the computer to snap out of this annoying behaviour is to restart the machine. Is there a way of stopping it? Edit Here's a video of it happening: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P12OxKK0kM4

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  • How can I register a custom protocol with xdg?

    - by julien
    I've been struggling this morning trying to associate an application with a custom protocol, namely emacsclient and org-protocol. I'm calling this protocol from a webbrowser bookmarklet, and I get the following behaviour : In chromium, the "Launch Application" dialog comes up, and calls xdg-open org-protocol://... which ends up firing a new chromium frame. In firefox, I've tried setting network.protocol-handler.app.org-protocol to an empty string or my emacsclient path, anyhow I get the following error message : "Firefox doesn't know how to open this address, because the protocol (org-protocol) isn't associated with any program" without even showing any external application selection dialog. I'm not using any desktop environment, so I need to make this work strictly with xdg, however, despite reading the shared mime info spec etc, I still can't fathom a working configuration.

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  • Why does Pages.app connect to a server through https and keep the connection open?

    - by ggustafsson
    Every time i start up the program Pages (iWork) it connects to a server through https. What is going on? Why would Apple do this? I use no features under Pages that could warrant this behaviour. It connects to IP address 2.22.240.224 on port 443 and keeps the connection open until i close the application. All the info i can get from Wireshark is a bunch of Apple-related domain names. Edit: The same thing happens with Numbers. I have disabled "Documents & Data" on iCloud so that shouldn't be the reason why. Edit 2: The programs in the iWork suite stopped doing this after recent updates so it's not an issue anymore.

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  • HTTP resource caching / fetching

    - by Bobby Jack
    I'm trying to optimise a page, and I'm seeing some strange behaviour. Each time I click on a link to the page, all resources are fetched from the server, responding with 200s. However, when I refresh the page (specifically, F5 in Firefox), all resources return a 304 and - of course - the page loads much faster as a result. The main page returns a 200 in both cases. In the refresh case, If-Modified-Since headers are sent with the requests to the resources. However, in the 'clicking a link' case, they are not. What's the reason for that, and can I control it?

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  • Why am I seeing excessive disk activity when installing applications?

    - by Kev
    I'm running Windows 7 Ultimate 64 bit on a Dell Vostro 1720 with 8GB of RAM, 7200RPM Disk, 2.53 GHz Core2Duo (Windows 7 64 bit is a supported option and the laptop came with the OS pre-installed). I'm noticing some fairly excessive disk activity when running installers. For example the Visual Studio 2010 RC installer constantly accessed the disk for ~10 minutes. It was so excessive that I was unable to use the machine until this ceased. Today I installed Trillian Astra 4.1 for Windows (latest build from the website). Again when I ran the installer I was pretty much locked out of the machine until the disk activity calmed down. In both cases when I eventually managed to launch task manager I could see that the CPU was sitting at around 5% to 7% utilisation whilst this was going on. All other disk related activity is fine, the machine is snappy and applications launch without delay. It's just when I run an installer I see this odd behaviour. Why would this be?

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  • Server suddenly running out of entropy

    - by Creshal
    Since a reboot yesterday, one of our virtual servers (Debian Lenny, virtualized with Xen) is constantly running out of entropy, leading to timeouts etc. when trying to connect over SSH / TLS-enabled protocols. Is there any way to check which process(es) is(/are) eating up all the entropy? Edit: What I tried: Adding additional entropy sources: time_entropyd, rng-tools feeding urandom back into random, pseudorandom file accesses – netted about 1 MiB additional entropy per second, problems still persisted Checking for unusual activity via lsof, netstat and tcpdump – nothing. No noticeable load or anything Stopping daemons, restarting permanent sessions, rebooting the entire VM – no change in behaviour What in the end worked: Waiting. Since about yesterday noon, there are no connection problems anymore. Entropy is still somewhat low (128 Bytes peak), but TLS/SSH sessions have no noticeable delay anymore. I'm slowly switching our clients back to TLS (all five of them!), but I don't expect any change in behavior now.

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  • What is the pixel clock setting on my monitor actually doing?

    - by codecowboy
    I am experiencing display interference on a dell 24" flat panel monitor.I find that if I adjust the pixel clock settings up or down in the monitor's on-screen menus, the interference goes away for a while. The monitor is attached to a Macbook Pro using a mini display to VGA adapter. I have found that in a different house, I get the interference problem less so it might be related to electricity supply or possibly even ethernet powerline (total guess). What does the pixel clock setting actually do and does this behaviour point to a likely cause of the interference?

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  • I need a TSE (The Semware Editor) replacement for Windows / Linux / OS X / Solaris (one to edit them

    - by lexu
    My text and programmers editor of choice, when working on a windows box is TSE (The Semware Editor). It is small, it is fast, it is configurabel, and since I've used it (and it's predecessor QEdit) for over twenty years, my fingers can do the editing on autopilot, while the brain is busy with syntax and design. Do you know of a similar editor preferably one that runs on Windows, Linux and OS X (and Solaris ..) I've tried to use VIM (I know how to use VI even longer thant TSE) but it doesn't feel right.

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  • Is an eee-pc with an Atom N550 dual core OK for Rails 3 development?

    - by dan
    I'm buying an Asus eee-pc 1015PEM and hope to do test-driven Rails 3 development on it. Is the CPU fast enough or too painfully slow for this? I plan on installing Ubuntu. I currently develop on a 11 inch Macbook Air 2010 model. It works fine as a Rails development machine. But for some reason I'm drawn to developing on a cheap little netbook. I don't use any IDE's, and my development workflow is mostly switching between Vim, Gnu Screen, and bash.

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  • Windows 7 Windows Explorer jumpy tree view

    - by P a u l
    Is there any way to get Windows Explorer tree view in Windows 7 to stop jumping? I think they really messed up this design. Click a node to expand a deeper level and it instantly scrolls the tree vertically to a new location. This is not a good feature since my eye completely loses the node it was focused on and I have to hunt for where I was. I want the tree view to remain fixed where it is unless I scroll it myself.

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  • Text template or tool for documentation of computer configurations

    - by mjustin
    I regularly write and update technical documentation which will be used to set up a new virtual machine, or to have a lookup for system dependencies in networks with around 20-50 (server-side) computers. At the moment I use OpenOffice Writer with text tables, and create one document per intranet domain. To improve this documentation, I would like to collect some examples to identify areas where my documents can be improved, regarding general structure and content, to make it easy to read and use not only for me but also for technical staff, helpdesk etc. Are there simple text templates (for example for OpenOffice Writer) or tools (maybe database-driven) for structured documentation of a computer configuration? Such a template / tool should provide required and optional configuration sections, like 'operating system', 'installed services', 'mapped network drives', 'scheduled tasks', 'remote servers', 'logon user account', 'firewall settings', 'hard disk size' ... It is not so much low-level hardware docs but more infrastructure / integration information in these documents (no BIOS settings, MAC addresses).

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  • Is there an FTP client for Windows 7 with a text-based UI? (not text-prompt based, like ftp.exe)

    - by Alan B
    Is there such as thing as a text-mode FTP client for Windows 7 ? By 'text-mode' I mean one that runs in a CMD.EXE window as opposed to a Windows GUI application. It also needs to be something along the lines of FileZilla, i.e. menu-driven as opposed to command-entry clients like NcFTP or indeed the built-in one. edit: To avoid confusion, what I mean is an application similar to that pictured (ZTreeWin File Manager), which runs from CMD.EXE and uses text characters for its UI, within the CMD.EXE window. The built-in FTP client, and things like NcFTP offer a prompt at which you issue commands. That's not what I'm looking for.

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