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• Accidentally deleted /opt/local/bin without backup. Any help?

  - by Aaron

  Hi all, I'm on a Mac OS X 10.5.8 I was recently uninstalling mysql5 from /opt/local/bin. I typed: rm -rf /opt/local/bin mysql* instead of rm -rf /opt/local/bin/mysql* This deleted my entire /opt/local/bin directory which puts me in a bit of a bind. Is there any way to recover these files? If not, I have a friend that is using a similar set of programs, would it be possible to use the contents of his folder? If I end up needing to re-install everything in this folder, what is the best way to go about doing this? Thanks in advance!

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• accidentally concatenate a large file on a remote system

  - by Dan

  Every once in a while on a computer I'm ssh'd into, I will accidentally type "cat largefile.txt" and my screen will start rushing with text for the next 10 minutes. I'm always working in a screen session, so my current solution is to just log out and then log back in, and since it can go 100X faster when I'm logged out, it'll finish in the short time it takes me to type my password in again. Is there a better way? Either involving the fact I'm in a screen session? Or a way to do this within SSH? What doesn't work: detaching from the screen session (doesn't respond until file is done outputting) trying command to move to a different window in the screen session (also doesn't respond) typing ctrl+C to kill cat command (also doesn't respond, probably because the command is done and the buffers just have to catch up)

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• Production Instance : CLOSE_WAIT Connection Issue

  - by rajnikant

  I am using 10EC2 Instances behind 1 ELB. And ELB configured 80 to 8080 and 443 to 8080 port. And all 10EC2 instances having installed with Apache Tomcat, total request on ELB around 8000 to 10000 in 1 minute. I am facing problem for CLOSE_WAIT connection on 10 EC2 Instance, having Apache Tomcat. EC2 Instance Type : m1.xlarge When we restart the Apache Tomcat, all CLOSE_WAIT connections are lost, but its not proper way to work on Production Instances. Please help me out.

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• How can I get the ./configure options used to build Apache?

  - by Josh

  I am using CentOS, and would like to build from source with the newer version of apache using the same configure options as the package obtained using yum, with an adjustment or two. How would I go about acquiring that?

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• How to determine the best byte size for the dd command

  - by James

  I know that doing a dd if=/dev/hda of=/dev/hdb does a deep hard drive copy. I've heard that people have been able to speed up the process by increasing the number of bytes that are read and written at a time (512) with the "bs" option. People have suggested that the optimal byte size is due to sector size. I personally think it would have something to do with the amount of cache that the hard drive has. My question is: What determines the ideal byte size for copying from a hard drive? and Why does that determine the ideal byte size?

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• How could I portably split large backup files over multiple discs?

  - by sourcejedi

  Context: I make backups / archives, primarily of photos. I'm experimenting with Bup, which is designed for backup to hard disk. Basically it creates Git repos which include packfiles of up to 1GB. But I still need last-ditch backups to keep offline and move offsite (and keeping them on read-only media is good too!). What are the options for archiving and splitting large files over several discs like CDs (and reading them back!)? I'd prefer methods which will stay readable in future. are portable e.g. to Windows. have known simple implementations, so I could re-implement them myself if necessary. (Using Bup packs will stretch my robustness budget. So I want to be confident about how other parts of the system would behave). I heard split archives are possible with both ZIP and 7-Zip. Is that right?

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• How can a driver change the kernel page table?

  - by Naruto

  I am encountering an issue with kernel memory. When my driver finishes running, the other processes in kernel fail to run, for example, I run ls, the command crashes the kernel with error "Corrupted page table" at a specified address. I do not know whether the page table of my driver relates to the page table of other process. How can my driver changes the page table of the other processes? And how the driver of a process relates to the kernel page table? As I know when the driver runs, it will be switched to kernel context. Kernel has its own page table and the driver has it own one. What is the relation among the kernel page table, the page table of my driver and the page table of the other processes when it runs in kernel context?

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• Enabling Shell colours through Putty SSH

  - by Jon

  I have set a number of configurations in my .bashrc file to set the appearance of shell on my Redhat machine. However, when I login as root using Putty, the colours are not shown. I can enable them again by typing 'su', which simply puts me back to root like I was when I logged into putty, but that isn't exaclty ideal. Is there some configuration file or something I can use to enable shell colours when I login with Putty? Thanks

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• Best practice, or generally best way to set up web-hosting server, permissions, etc.

  - by Jagot

  Hi, I'm about to set up a server upon which a friend and I will be hosting web sites, and I'll be using Debian. I've set up a LAMP solution many times just to using for local testing purposes, but never for actual production use. I was wondering what are the best practices are in terms of setting the server up, in reference specifically to accessing the web root directory. A couple of the options I have seen: Set up a single user account on the server for us both to use and use a virtual host to point to the somewhere in the home directory, e.g. /home/webdev/www. Set each of us up a user account, and grant permissions in some way to /var/www (What would be the best way? Set up a new group?) I want to get this right when I first set this up as there won't be any going back for a while once our first site is up and running. Appreciate any guidance in advance.

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• Video Player/Library for Ubuntu with ratings and thumbs

  - by greggannicott

  I've just made the switch to Ubuntu on my main PC and I've been looking for a media player that can: Play all the usual video formats Rate (and ideally, tag) each file Display thumbnails for each file Other than that there isn't much I'm after. Banshee comes close, but doesn't display thumbnails. I've Google'd lots but I'm running out of search terms to try. Does anyone have any suggestions? Cheers!

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• How to limit reverse SSH tunelling ports?

  - by funktku

  We have a public server which accepts SSH connections from multiple clients behind firewalls. Each of these clients create a Reverse SSH tunnel by using the ssh -R command from their web servers at port 80 to our public server. The destination port(at the client side) of the Reverse SSH Tunnel is 80 and the source port(at public server side) depends on the user. We are planning on maintaining a map of port addresses for each user. For example, client A would tunnel their web server at port 80 to our port 8000; client B from 80 to 8001; client C from 80 to 8002. Client A: ssh -R 8000:internal.webserver:80 clienta@publicserver Client B: ssh -R 8001:internal.webserver:80 clientb@publicserver Client C: ssh -R 8002:internal.webserver:80 clientc@publicserver Basically, what we are trying to do is bind each user with a port and not allow them to tunnel to any other ports. If we were using the forward tunneling feature of SSH with ssh -L, we could permit which port to be tunneled by using the permitopen=host:port configuration. However, there is no equivalent for reverse SSH tunnel. Is there a way of restricting reverse tunneling ports per user?

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• VLC RTP Streaming in FC12

  - by Matt D

  I'm trying to get VLC to work streaming RTP audio/video over my office network. The goal is multicast a/v streaming. In all test cases, we are streaming from VLC to VLC. I am able to stream from Windows to Windows, and from Fedora to Windows, but not from Windows to Fedora. Additionally, I am unable to receive a LOCAL stream from one instance of VLC to another, within Fedora. I don't see any reason why this would be. The buffer indicator (where the elapsed/total time is normally displayed) never shows any connectivity, so it would appear to be a network problem, but since I am able to stream from Fedora to Windows (same IP, same port) I thought it would be something else. Does anyone know of a solution to this issue?

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• Only tunnel certain applications via OpenVPN

  - by jinjin

  Hi, I've purchased a VPN solution, it works correctly when I have "redirect-gateway def1" in the configuration file (routing all traffic through the VPN). However when I remove that line from the configuration file, I am still able to ping-out of the machine (ping -I tap0), however I cannot ping the IP assigned to the machine (it's a public ip), i get the error: Destination Host Unreachable. I only want to have certain applications sending traffic through the VPN tunnel (eg: ZNC, irssi), all of which i can select which IP they use. However they can't recieve any data, making the tunnel essentially useless to me when disabling redirect-gateway. Any ideas on how to allow specific applications use the tunnel, without of forcing everything to go through it? My configuration file is as follows: dev tap remote #.#.#.# float #.#.#.# port 5129 comp-lzo ifconfig #.#.#.# 255.255.255.128 route-gateway #.#.#.# #redirect-gateway def1 secret key.txt cipher AES-128-CBC The output of ifconfig -a when the tunnel is connected: tap0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:ff:47:d3:6d:f3 inet addr:#.#.#.# Bcast:#.#.#.# Mask:255.255.255.255 inet6 addr: <snip> Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:612 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:35 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 RX bytes:25704 (25.1 KiB) TX bytes:6427 (6.2 KiB) EDIT: the Bcast:#.#.#.# (ifconfig) is different from route-gateway #.#.#.# (openvpn) if that makes any difference.

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• `rsync` NEVER uses its 'famous' delta-transfer!

  - by o_O Tync

  I have a big iso image which is currently being downloaded by a torrent client with space-reservation turned on: that means, file size is not changing while some chunks in in (4 Mib) are constantly changing because of a download. At 90% download I do the initial rsync to save time later: $ rsync -Ph DVD.iso /some/target/ sending incremental file list DVD.iso 2.60G 100% 40.23MB/s 0:01:01 (xfer#1, to-check=0/1) sent 2.60G bytes received 73 bytes 34.59M bytes/sec total size is 2.60G speedup is 1.00 Then, when the file's fully downloaded, I rsync again: total size is 2.60G speedup is 1.00 Speedup=1 says delta-transfer was not used, although 90% of the file has not changed. Why?!

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• Script on startup without update-rc.d

  - by Jean-Philippe Blary

  I've a debian minimal installation, and I just want to start a script at startup. So, I've a script at /etc/init.d/myscript, I put a chmod 700, and create symlinks ('S20myscript') into /etc/rc2.d, rc3.d, rc4.d and rc5.d. But the script is NOT launched at all. When I put this script with update-rc.d (or insserv...), it works. I don't understand, am I forced to use this command? (and no, I don't want to use /erc/rc.local). Thanks!

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• SSD for swap on Ubuntu server

  - by grs

  Currently I am reading SSD reviews and I wonder how much exactly I will benefit if I move the 24 GB swap from 7200rpm HDD to SSD. Does anyone implemented swap space on SSD? Is this generally good idea? On a side note: I read that ext4 has much better performance if the journal is on SSD. Anyone with such a setup? Thanks! Edit: Here I will answer the questions posted: Occasionally, relatively rare I am hitting the swap. I know what the swap is for and that is better to get more RAM. When the server begins to swap its performance degrades (not a surprise). The idea is if I have few memory hungry processes running, to improve the overall system performance at that time, using SSD for swap, instead of slower rotational media. At the end - I want to be able to login faster and check the server state during swapping, instead of waiting on the login prompt. And of what I see SSD is cheaper per GB than RAM. Would I have better server performance during swapping (as rare it is) using SSD compared to HDD? Where 10k or 15k rpm HDDs would rate in this scenario? Thank you all for your quick and prompt answers!

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• Cron ignoring an update to crontab

  - by GJ

  I've commented out a line in the crontab on a debian server, which I guess was there by default yet was causing me to get error emails every hour: # m h dom mon dow user command 17 * * * * root cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly However, the error emails keep coming in as if it hasn't been commented out. The error emails: Subject: Cron <root@(none)> root cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly (failed) /bin/sh: root: not found Any ideas?

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• Sendmail: external alias not receiving relayed mail under certain circumstances.

  - by ben

  I have set up an alias in /etc/mail/aliases like this: user: [email protected] This relay DOES work when I telnet to example.com 25 and send mail to [email protected] (where example.com is my domain); it indeed turns up in [email protected] inbox. Also mail sent from my server at example.com is generally deliverable to this same email address, [email protected]. HOWEVER, the relay DOES NOT work when I send mail from [email protected] to [email protected], expecting it to be relayed back to [email protected]. The mail.log shows it being received and sent just fine, so I guess it is being blocked by gmail for some reason. Why though? As I said, gmail generally does except mail from this server.

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• Lots of dropped packages when tcpdumping on busy interface

  - by Frands Hansen

  My challenge I need to do tcpdumping of a lot of data - actually from 2 interfaces left in promiscuous mode that are able to see a lot of traffic. To sum it up Log all traffic in promiscuous mode from 2 interfaces Those interfaces are not assigned an IP address pcap files must be rotated per ~1G When 10 TB of files are stored, start truncating the oldest What I currently do Right now I use tcpdump like this: tcpdump -n -C 1000 -z /data/compress.sh -i any -w /data/livedump/capture.pcap $FILTER The $FILTER contains src/dst filters so that I can use -i any. The reason for this is, that I have two interfaces and I would like to run the dump in a single thread rather than two. compress.sh takes care of assigning tar to another CPU core, compress the data, give it a reasonable filename and move it to an archive location. I cannot specify two interfaces, thus I have chosen to use filters and dump from any interface. Right now, I do not do any housekeeping, but I plan on monitoring disk and when I have 100G left I will start wiping the oldest files - this should be fine. And now; my problem I see dropped packets. This is from a dump that has been running for a few hours and collected roughly 250 gigs of pcap files: 430083369 packets captured 430115470 packets received by filter 32057 packets dropped by kernel <-- This is my concern How can I avoid so many packets being dropped? These things I did already try or look at Changed the value of /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max and /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_default which did indeed help - actually it took care of just around half of the dropped packets. I have also looked at gulp - the problem with gulp is, that it does not support multiple interfaces in one process and it gets angry if the interface does not have an IP address. Unfortunately, that is a deal breaker in my case. Next problem is, that when the traffic flows though a pipe, I cannot get the automatic rotation going. Getting one huge 10 TB file is not very efficient and I don't have a machine with 10TB+ RAM that I can run wireshark on, so that's out. Do you have any suggestions? Maybe even a better way of doing my traffic dump altogether.

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• having 2 ip's on a debian 7 box

  - by David

  I just installed Debian Wheezy on my homeserver. I want to assign 2 ip's to it on the same network interface, 1 static ip (eth0) and 1 dynamic ip (eth0:1). I know it doesn't make much sense but I need it to test something. I edited my /etc/network/interfaces to be like this: auto lo eth0 eth0:1 iface lo inet loopback iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.178.240 network 192.168.178.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.178.255 gateway 192.168.178.1 iface eth0:1 inet dhcp when I bring up eth0:1 (ifup eth0:1) I get the following error (eth0 works fine) Bind socket to interface: No such device Failed to bring up eth0:1. is it even possible to have a dynamic and static ip on the same network adapter?

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• curl XPUT returning HTTP 500 error message

  - by pradeepchhetri

  I have added the following changes in nginx configuration. server { listen 8080; root /usr/share/nginx/www; client_body_temp_path /tmp/; dav_methods PUT DELETE MKCOL COPY MOVE; create_full_put_path on; dav_access user:rw group:rw all:rw; } I have my nginx configured with --with-http_dav_module also. But when I am trying to running the command: $ curl -XPUT http://172.16.31.127:8080/test.html -d 'test' I am getting 500 Internal Server error. Can anyone help me out in solving this.

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• NFS Issues in Gnome

  - by Alex

  I mount NFSv4 export via /etc/fstab and mount and use the shared folder in nautilus. There are two issues: When I copy a large file (around 4 GB) to the NFS server, the progress bar rapidly goes to 2 GB and then basically stops moving. But the copy s still in progress - it is just not displayed well When I disconnect from the network without unmounting the nfs share, nautilus freezes. How can I work around that? /etc/export on the server /export/share 192.168.0.0/24(rw,sync,insecure,no_subtree_check,anonuid=1000,anongid=1000) /etc/fstab on the client: server:/share /mnt nfs4 soft,tcp

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• Does a VPS need a firewall?

  - by Camran

  Do I need a firewall on my VPS which I ordered today? If so, which one would you recommend? I plan on running a classifieds website with Java, php, mysql. My OS is ubuntu 9.10 Thanks Btw: What is iptables?

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• Primary/secondary ethernet interfaces via NetworkManager in Ubuntu 9.10

  - by Josh

  I have an Ubuntu 9.10 machine with three ethernet interfaces, eth0, eth1 and eth2. eth2 is connected to a private network. eth0 and eth2 are connected to two different LANs. Either one will provide access to the internet. All three networks have DHCP servers. Using Ubuntu's the default settings (And Gnome), when I boot up all the interfaces are active and my system gets three IP addresses. However any attempt to access the internet results in connection timeouts and other weirdness. I suspect that traffic is going out on one NIC (like eth0) and coming back in on another (like eth1). I'm not sure what's going on. The only way I can access the internet at the moment is to bring two of the devices down with ifdown. How can I configure eth0 as my primary interface so all trafic goes out by default on that interface, while keeping the other two active? Also, I want to make sure Avahi broadcasts properly on all three IPs so that the computers on the LAN of eth1 can still connect to myHostname.local... EDIT: Here's my routing table: Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 172.16.151.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth2 172.16.30.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 10.1.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 0.0.0.0 172.16.30.2 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 10.1.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1 I want the 172.16.30.2 network to be the primary one and the 10.1.0.0 network to be the secondary one. EDIT2: My nameservers are also incorrect. It seems like Ubuntu is bringing the networks up in order, eth0, then 1, then 2, and the DHCP information from eth1 is overriding eth0, and eth2 is overriding eth1. How can I reverse this so the DHCP information from eth0 is the "master"? EDIT3: This seems to be an issue with Gnome's NetworkManager.

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• How can I convert multiple files to UTF-8 encoding using *nix command line tools? [closed]

  - by jason

  Possible Duplicate: Batch-convert files for encoding or line ending I have a bunch of text files that I'd like to convert from any given charset to UTF-8 encoding. Are there any command line tools or Perl (or language of your choice) one liners I can use to do this en masse?

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