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  • What is the difference between type.__getattribute__ and object.__getattribute__?

    - by Neil G
    Given: In [37]: class A: ....: f = 1 ....: In [38]: class B(A): ....: pass ....: In [39]: getattr(B, 'f') Out[39]: 1 Okay, that either calls super or crawls the mro? In [40]: getattr(A, 'f') Out[40]: 1 This is expected. In [41]: object.__getattribute__(A, 'f') Out[41]: 1 In [42]: object.__getattribute__(B, 'f') --------------------------------------------------------------------------- AttributeError Traceback (most recent call last) <ipython-input-42-de76df798d1d> in <module>() ----> 1 object.__getattribute__(B, 'f') AttributeError: 'type' object has no attribute 'f' What is getattribute not doing that getattr does? In [43]: type.__getattribute__(B, 'f') Out[43]: 1 What?! type.__getattribute__ calls super but object's version doesn't? In [44]: type.__getattribute__(A, 'f') Out[44]: 1

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  • Calculating the null space of a matrix

    - by Ainsworth
    I'm attempting to solve a set of equations of the form Ax = 0. A is known 6x6 matrix and I've written the below code using SVD to get the vector x which works to a certain extent. The answer is approximately correct but not good enough to be useful to me, how can I improve the precision of the calculation? Lowering eps below 1.e-4 causes the function to fail. from numpy.linalg import * from numpy import * A = matrix([[0.624010149127497 ,0.020915658603923 ,0.838082638087629 ,62.0778180312547 ,-0.336 ,0], [0.669649399820597 ,0.344105317421833 ,0.0543868015800246 ,49.0194290212841 ,-0.267 ,0], [0.473153758252885 ,0.366893577716959 ,0.924972565581684 ,186.071352614705 ,-1 ,0], [0.0759305208803158 ,0.356365401030535 ,0.126682113674883 ,175.292109352674 ,0 ,-5.201], [0.91160934274653 ,0.32447818779582 ,0.741382053883291 ,0.11536775372698 ,0 ,-0.034], [0.480860406786873 ,0.903499596111067 ,0.542581424762866 ,32.782593418975 ,0 ,-1]]) def null(A, eps=1e-3): u,s,vh = svd(A,full_matrices=1,compute_uv=1) null_space = compress(s <= eps, vh, axis=0) return null_space.T NS = null(A) print "Null space equals ",NS,"\n" print dot(A,NS)

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  • Reordering fields in Django model

    - by Alex Lebedev
    I want to add few fields to every model in my django application. This time it's created_at, updated_at and notes. Duplicating code for every of 20+ models seems dumb. So, I decided to use abstract base class which would add these fields. The problem is that fields inherited from abstract base class come first in the field list in admin. Declaring field order for every ModelAdmin class is not an option, it's even more duplicate code than with manual field declaration. In my final solution, I modified model constructor to reorder fields in _meta before creating new instance: class MyModel(models.Model): # Service fields notes = my_fields.NotesField() created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) class Meta: abstract = True last_fields = ("notes", "created_at", "updated_at") def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): new_order = [f.name for f in self._meta.fields] for field in self.last_fields: new_order.remove(field) new_order.append(field) self._meta._field_name_cache.sort(key=lambda x: new_order.index(x.name)) super(TwangooModel, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs) class ModelA(MyModel): field1 = models.CharField() field2 = models.CharField() #etc ... It works as intended, but I'm wondering, is there a better way to acheive my goal?

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  • trouble setting up TreeViews in pygtk

    - by Chris H
    I've got some code in a class that extends gtk.TreeView, and this is the init method. I want to create a tree view that has 3 columns. A toggle button, a label, and a drop down box that the user can type stuff into. The code below works, except that the toggle button doesn't react to mouse clicks and the label and the ComboEntry aren't drawn. (So I guess you can say it doesn't work). I can add rows just fine however. #make storage enable/disable label user entry self.tv_store = gtk.TreeStore(gtk.ToggleButton, str, gtk.ComboBoxEntry) #make widget gtk.TreeView.__init__(self, self.tv_store) #make renderers self.buttonRenderer = gtk.CellRendererToggle() self.labelRenderer = gtk.CellRendererText() self.entryRenderer = gtk.CellRendererCombo() #make columns self.columnButton = gtk.TreeViewColumn('Enabled') self.columnButton.pack_start(self.buttonRenderer, False) self.columnLabel = gtk.TreeViewColumn('Label') self.columnLabel.pack_start(self.labelRenderer, False) self.columnEntry = gtk.TreeViewColumn('Data') self.columnEntry.pack_start(self.entryRenderer, True) self.append_column(self.columnButton) self.append_column(self.columnLabel) self.append_column(self.columnEntry) self.tmpButton = gtk.ToggleButton('example') self.tmpCombo = gtk.ComboBoxEntry(None) self.tv_store.insert(None, 0, [self.tmpButton, 'example label', self.tmpCombo]) thanks.

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  • Django: Get bound IP address inside settings.py

    - by Silver Light
    Hello! I want to enable debug (DEBUG = True) For my Django project only if it runs on localhost. How can I get user IP address inside settings.py? I would like something like this to work: #Debugging only on localhost if user_ip = '127.0.0.1': DEBUG = True else: DEBUG = False How do I put user IP address in user_ip variable inside settings.py file?

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  • Element not found blocks execution in Selenium

    - by Mariano
    In my test, I try to verify if certain text exists (after an action) using find_element_by_xpath. If I use the right expression and my test pass, the routine ends correctly in no time. However if I try a wrong text (meaning that the test will fail) it hangs forever and I have to kill the script otherwise it does not end. Here is my test (the expression Thx user, client or password you entered is incorrect does not exist in the system, no matter what the user does): # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import gettext import unittest from selenium import webdriver class TestWrongLogin(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.driver = webdriver.Firefox() self.driver.get("http://10.23.1.104:8888/") # let's check the language try: self.lang = self.driver.execute_script("return navigator.language;") self.lang = self.lang("-")[0] except: self.lang = "en" language = gettext.translation('app', '/app/locale', [self.lang], fallback=True) language.install() self._ = gettext.gettext def tearDown(self): self.driver.quit() def test_wrong_client(self): # test wrong client inputElement = self.driver.find_element_by_name("login") inputElement.send_keys("root") inputElement = self.driver.find_element_by_name("client") inputElement.send_keys("Unleash") inputElement = self.driver.find_element_by_name("password") inputElement.send_keys("qwerty") self.driver.find_element_by_name("form.submitted").click() # wait for the db answer self.driver.implicitly_wait(10) ret = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath( "//*[contains(.,'{0}')]".\ format(self._(u"Thx user, client or password you entered is incorrect"))) self.assertTrue(isinstance(ret, webdriver.remote.webelement.WebElement)) if __name__ == '__main__': unittest.main() Why does it do that and how can I prevent it?

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  • HTML tag for identifying text

    - by ravi
    I am not very much familiar with HTML programming. If we look at the source code of a page, then we can see what are the HTML tags for which texts and so. It is the case that there is group or class of HTML tags which is used for purpose such that it can be used for main text or so. I mean like '<\input type="radio" name="option"' this tag says that there will a radio button, similar can be make a group of HTML tags such that it consist of text part, which means we look at the tag and not at the content and can say that in between startTag and endTag we have text.

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  • Infinite recursion trying to check all elements of a TreeCtrl

    - by mavnn
    I have a TreeCtrl in which more than one Item can be assigned the same object as PyData. When the object is updated, I want to update all of the items in the tree which have that object as their PyData. I thought the following code would solve the problem quite neatly, but for some reason the logical test (current != self.GetFirstVisibleItem()) always returns true leading to infinite recursion. Can anyone explain why? def RefreshNodes(self, obj, current=None): print "Entered refresh" current = current or self.GetFirstVisibleItem() if current.IsOk(): print self.GetPyData(current).name if self.GetPyData(current) == obj: self.RefreshNode(current) current = self.GetNextVisible(current) if current != self.GetFirstVisibleItem(): self.RefreshNodes(obj, current) Edit: the above is obviously part of a class based on wx.TreeCtrl

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  • [Errno 10061] No connection could be made because the target machine actively refused it

    - by user551717
    I've tried to connect to my local machine every time I try and run my program. I am a nub, so it's probably a simple mistake somewhere. def connect(self): self.conn = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) self.conn.connect((self.host,self.port)) That is the code causing the error. The host and port are defined. Why is it giving me this error report? [Errno 10061] No connection could be made because the target machine actively refused it

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  • Solving linear system over integers with numpy

    - by A. R. S.
    I'm trying to solve an overdetermined linear system of equations with numpy. Currently, I'm doing something like this (as a simple example): a = np.array([[1,0], [0,1], [-1,1]]) b = np.array([1,1,0]) print np.linalg.lstsq(a,b)[0] [ 1. 1.] This works, but uses floats. Is there any way to solve the system over integers only? I've tried something along the lines of print map(int, np.linalg.lstsq(a,b)[0]) [0, 1] in order to convert the solution to an array of ints, expecting [1, 1], but clearly I'm missing something. Could anyone point me in the right direction?

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  • How can I disable a model field in a django form

    - by jammon
    I have a model like this: class MyModel(models.Model): REGULAR = 1 PREMIUM = 2 STATUS_CHOICES = ((REGULAR, "regular"), (PREMIUM, "premium")) name = models.CharField(max_length=30) status = models.IntegerField(choices = STATUS_CHOICES, default = REGULAR) class MyForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = models.MyModel In a view I initialize one field and try to make it non-editable: myform = MyForm(initial = {'status': requested_status}) myform.fields['status'].editable = False But the user can still change that field. What's the real way to accomplish what I'm after?

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  • numpy array mapping and take average

    - by user566653
    Dear all, I have three array value = np.array ([1, 3, 3, 5, 5, 7, 3]) index = np.array ([1, 1, 3, 3, 6, 6, 6]) data = np.array ([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]) and want to take average for item of "value" by array "index", and assign a new array with value of "data", such as [2, nan, 4, nan, nan, 5] first value is the average of 1st and 2nd of "value" second value is nan because there is not any key in "index" third value is the average of 3rd and 4th of "value" ... Thanks for your help!!! Regards, Roy

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  • How to invert alternate bits of a number

    - by Cupidvogel
    The problem is how to invert alternate bits of a number, starting from the LSB. Currently what I am doing is first doing a count = -1 while n: n >>= 1 count += 1 to first find the position of the leftmost set bit, then running a loop to invert every alternate bit: i = 0 while i <= count: num ^= 1<<i i += 2 Is there a quick hack solution instead of this rather boring loop solution? Of course, the solution can't make any asumption about the size of the integer.

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  • How to include a dynamic page contents into a template ?

    - by Ankit
    Hi All, I have to include a dynamic page content into my template, Say I have a left panel which gets the data dynamically through a view. Now, I have to include this left panel into all my pages but I do not want to duplicate the code for all the pages. Is there any way, I can write a single script and include it in all my templates to display the left panel in all my pages? Thanks in advance.

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  • Saving a Django form to a csv file

    - by Oli
    I have a Django form that is working fine. I'd like to save the data it submits to a CSV file. Is there a "best practice" way to do this? I need to include blank fields in the CSV file where the user has not filled in a "required=False" field

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  • how to capture the right click event using getMouse()

    - by Leyond
    I am trying to use graphics.py to write a user graphics interface. The problem is that how can I capture the right click event? It seems that the function getMouse() could just returns where the mouse was left-clicked as a Point object. from graphics import * def main(): win = GraphWin("My Circle", 100, 100) c = Circle(Point(50,50), 10) c.draw(win) win.getMouse() # pause for click in window win.close() main() I want to know how can I capture the right-click event in the window, thanks.

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  • What is good practice for writing web applications that control daemons (and their config files)

    - by Jones R
    Can someone suggest some basic advice on dealing with web applications that interact with configuration files like httpd.conf, bind zone files, etc. I understand that it's bad practice, in fact very dangerous to allow arbitrary execution of code without fully validating it and so on. But say you are tasked to write a small app that allows one to add vhosts to an apache configuration. Do you have your code execute with full privileges, do you write future variables into a database and have a cron job (with full privileges) execute a script that pulls the vars from the database and throws them into a template config file, etc. Some thoughts & contributions on this issue would be appreciated. tl;dr - how can you securely write a web app to update/create entries in a config file like apache's httpd.conf, etc.

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  • Get text when enter is pressed in a text box in wxPython

    - by Sam
    I have a (single line) TextCtrl. The user types data into this. When they press enter, the contents of the box need to be extracted so they can be processed. I can't figure out how to catch enter being pressed. According to the docs, with the style wx.TE_PROCESS_ENTER set on my TextCtrl, it should generate a wx.EVT_COMMAND_TEXT_ENTER event when enter is pressed in the box, which I could then catch. However, wx.EVT_COMMAND_TEXT_ENTER seems not to exist (I get "module has no attribute EVT_COMMAND_TEXT_ENTER), so I'm a bit stuck. Googling just gets a couple of hits of people complaining wx.EVT_COMMAND_TEXT_ENTER doesn't work, so I guess I need another way of doing it.

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  • subplot matplotlib wrong syntax

    - by madptr
    I am using matplotlib to subplot in a loop. For instance, i would like to subplot 49 data sets, and from the doc, i implemented it this way; import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt X1=list(range(0,10000,1)) X1 = [ x/float(10) for x in X1 ] nb_mix = 2 parameters = [] for i in range(49): param = [] Y = [0] * len(X1) for j in range(nb_mix): mean = 5* (1 + (np.random.rand() * 2 - 1 ) * 0.5 ) var = 10* (1 + np.random.rand() * 2 - 1 ) scale = 5* ( 1 + (np.random.rand() * 2 - 1) * 0.5 ) Y = [ Y[k] + scale * np.exp(-((X1[k] - mean)/float(var))**2) for k in range(len(X1)) ] param = param + [[mean, var, scale]] ax = plt.subplot(7, 7, i + 1) ax.plot(X1, Y) parameters = parameters + [param] ax.show() However, i have an index out of range error from i=0 onwards. Where can i do better to have it works ? Thanks

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  • For improving the join of two wave files

    - by kaki
    i want to get the values of the last 30 frames of the first wav file and first thirty frames of the second wave file in integer format and stored in a list or array. i have written the code for joining but during this manupalation i am getting in byte format and tried to convert it to integer but couldn't. as told before i want to get the frame detail of 1st 30 and last 30 in integer format,and by performing other operations join can be more successful looking for your help in this,please... thanking you, import wave m=['C:/begpython/S0001_0002.wav', 'C:/begpython/S0001_0001.wav'] i=1 a=m[i] infiles = [a] outfile = "C:/begpython/S0001_00367.wav" data= [] data1=[] for infile in infiles: w = wave.open(infile, 'rb') data1=[w.getnframes] #print w.readframes(100) data.append( [w.getparams(), w.readframes(w.getnframes())] ) #print w.readframes(1) #data1 = [ord(character) for character in data1] #print data1 #data1 = ''.join(chr(character) for character in data1) w.close() print data output = wave.open(outfile, 'wb') output.setparams(data[0][0]) output.writeframes(data[0][1]) output.writeframes(data[1][1]) output.writeframes(data[2][1]) output.close()

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