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  • Best way to test instance methods without running __init__

    - by KenFar
    I've got a simple class that gets most of its arguments via init, which also runs a variety of private methods that do most of the work. Output is available either through access to object variables or public methods. Here's the problem - I'd like my unittest framework to directly call the private methods called by init with different data - without going through init. What's the best way to do this? So far, I've been refactoring these classes so that init does less and data is passed in separately. This makes testing easy, but I think the usability of the class suffers a little. EDIT: Example solution based on Ignacio's answer: import types class C(object): def __init__(self, number): new_number = self._foo(number) self._bar(new_number) def _foo(self, number): return number * 2 def _bar(self, number): print number * 10 #--- normal execution - should print 160: ------- MyC = C(8) #--- testing execution - should print 80 -------- MyC = object.__new__(C) MyC._bar(8)

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  • How can I implement "real time" messaging on Google AppEngine?

    - by Freed
    I'm creating a web application on Google AppEngine where I want the user to be notified a quickly as possible after certain events occour. The problem is similar to say a chat server in that I need something happening on one connection (someone is writing a message in a chat room) to propagate to a number of other connections (other people in that chat room gets the message). To get speedy updates from the server to the client I'm planning on using long polling with XmlHttpRequest, hoping that AppEngine won't interfere other than possibly restriing the timeout. The real problem however is efficient notification between connections on AppEngine. Is there any support for this type of cross connection notification on AppEngine that does not involve busy-waiting? The only tools I can think of to do this at all is either using the data storage (slow) or memcache (unreliable), and none of them would let me avoid busy-waiting. Note: I know about XMPP support on AppEngine. It's related, but I want a browser based solution, sending messages to the users by XMPP is not an option.

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  • Showing updated content on the client

    - by tazim
    Hi, I have a file on server which is viewed by the client asynchronously as and when required . The file is going to get modified on server side . Also updates are reflected in browser also In my views.py the code is : def showfiledata(request): somecommand ="ls -l > /home/tazim/webexample/templates/tmp.txt" with open("/home/tazim/webexample/templates/tmp.txt") as f: read_data = f.read() f.closed return_dict = {'filedata':read_data} json = simplejson.dumps(return_dict) return HttpResponse(json,mimetype="application/json") Here, entire file is sent every time client requests for the file data .Instead I want that only modified data sholud be received since sending entire file is not feasible if file size is large . My template code is : < html> < head> < script type="text/javascript" src="/jquerycall/">< /script> < script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function() { var setid = 0; var s = new String(); var my_array = new Array(); function displayfile() { $.ajax({ type:"POST", url:"/showfiledata/", datatype:"json", success:function(data) { s = data.filedata; my_array = s.split("\n"); displaydata(my_array); } }); } function displaydata(my_array) { var i = 0; length = my_array.length; for(i=0;i<my_array.length;i++) { var line = my_array[i] + "\n"; $("#textid").append(line); } } $("#b1").click(function() { setid= setInterval(displayfile,1000); }); $("#b2").click(function() { clearInterval(setid); }) }); < /script> < /head> < body> < form method="post"> < button type="button" id="b1">Click Me< /button>< br>< br> < button type="button" id="b2">Stop< /button>< br>< br> < textarea id="textid" rows="25" cols="70" readonly="true" disabled="true">< /textarea> < /form> </body> </html> Any Help will be beneficial . some sample code will be helpful to understand

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  • Fast image coordinate lookup in Numpy

    - by victor
    I've got a big numpy array full of coordinates (about 400): [[102, 234], [304, 104], .... ] And a numpy 2d array my_map of size 800x800. What's the fastest way to look up the coordinates given in that array? I tried things like paletting as described in this post: http://opencvpython.blogspot.com/2012/06/fast-array-manipulation-in-numpy.html but couldn't get it to work. I was also thinking about turning each coordinate into a linear index of the map and then piping it straight into my_map like so: my_map[linearized_coords] but I couldn't get vectorize to properly translate the coordinates into a linear fashion. Any ideas?

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  • Why are my two date fields not identical when I copy them?

    - by Hobhouse
    I use django, and have two models with a models.DateTimeField(). Sometimes I need a copy of a date - but look at this: >>>myobject.date = datetime.datetime.now() >>>print myobject.date >>>2010-04-27 12:10:43.526277 >>>other_object.date_copy = myobject.date >>>print other_object.date_copy >>>2010-04-27 12:10:43 Why are these two dates not identical, and how do I make an excact copy of myobject.date?

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  • Most secure way to generate a random session ID for a cookie?

    - by ensnare
    I'm writing my own sessions controller that issues a unique id to a user once logged in, and then verifies and authenticates that unique id at every page load. What is the most secure way to generate such an id? Should the unique id be completely random? Is there any downside to including the user id as part of the unique id?

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  • Replace ",**" with a linebreak using RegEx (or something else)

    - by John
    I'm getting started with RegEx and I was wondering if anyone could help me craft a statement to convert coordinates as follows: 145.00694,-37.80421,9 145.00686,-37.80382,9 145.00595,-37.8035,16 145.00586,-37.80301,16 to 145.00694,-37.80421 145.00686,-37.80382 145.00595,-37.8035 145.00586,-37.80301 (Strip off the last comma and value and turn it into a line break.) I can't figure out how to use wildcards to do something like that. Any help would be greatly appreciated! Thanks.

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  • Exposing a "dumbed-down", read-only instance of a Model in GAE

    - by Blixt
    Does anyone know a clever way, in Google App Engine, to return a wrapped Model instance that only exposes a few of the original properties, and does not allow saving the instance back to the datastore? I'm not looking for ways of actually enforcing these rules, obviously it'll still be possible to change the instance by digging through its __dict__ etc. I just want a way to avoid accidental exposure/changing of data. My initial thought was to do this (I want to do this for a public version of a User model): class ReadOnlyUser(db.Model): display_name = db.StringProperty() @classmethod def kind(cls): return 'User' def put(self): raise SomeError() Unfortunately, GAE maps the kind to a class early on, so if I do ReadOnlyUser.get_by_id(1) I will actually get a User instance back, not a ReadOnlyUser instance.

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  • Django throws 404 at generic views

    - by x0rg
    I'm trying to get the generic views for a date-based archive working in django. I defined the urls as described in a tutorial, but django returns a 404 error whenever I want to access an url with a variable (such as month or year) in it. It don't even produces a TemplateDoesNotExist-execption. Normal urls without variables work fine. Here's my urlconf: from django.conf.urls.defaults import * from zurichlive.zhl.models import Event info_dict = { 'queryset': Event.objects.all(), 'date_field': 'date', 'allow_future': 'True', } urlpatterns += patterns('django.views.generic.date_based', (r'events/(?P<year>d{4})/(?P<month>[a-z]{3})/(?P<day>w{1,2})/(?P<slug>[-w]+)/$', 'object_detail', dict(info_dict, slug_field='slug',template_name='archive/detail.html')), (r'^events/(?P<year>d{4})/(?P<month>[a-z]{3})/(?P<day>w{1,2})/(?P<slug>[-w]+)/$', 'object_detail', dict(info_dict, template_name='archive/list.html')), (r'^events/(?P<year>d{4})/(?P<month>[a-z]{3})/(?P<day>w{1,2})/$','archive_day',dict(info_dict,template_name='archive/list.html')), (r'^events/(?P<year>d{4})/(?P<month>[a-z]{3})/$','archive_month', dict(info_dict, template_name='archive/list.html')), (r'^events/(?P<year>)/$','archive_year', dict(info_dict, template_name='archive/list.html')), (r'^events/$','archive_index', dict(info_dict, template_name='archive/list.html')), ) When I access /events/2010/may/12/this-is-a-slug I should get to the detail.html template, but instead I get a 404. What am I doing wrong?

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  • 50 million+ Rows of Data - CSV or MySQL

    - by eWizardII
    Hello, I have a CSV file which is about 1GB big and contains about 50million rows of data, I am wondering is it better to keep it as a CSV file or store it as some form of a database. I don't know a great deal about MySQL to argue for why I should use it or another database framework over just keeping it as a CSV file. I am basically doing a Breadth-First Search with this dataset, so once I get the initial "seed" set the 50million I use this as the first values in my queue. Thanks,

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  • Suffix if statement

    - by Aardschok
    I was looking for a way to add a suffix to jointchain in Maya. The jointchain has specific naming so I create a list with the names they need to be. The first chain has "_1" as suffix, result: R_Clavicle_1|R_UpperArm_1|R_UnderArm_1|R_Wrist_1 When I create the second this is the result: R_Clavicle_2|R_UpperArm_1|R_UnderArm_1|R_Wrist_1 The code: DRClavPos = cmds.xform ('DRClavicle', q=True, ws=True, t=True) DRUpArmPos = cmds.xform ('DRUpperArm', q=True, ws=True, t=True) DRUnArmPos = cmds.xform ('DRUnderArm', q=True, ws=True, t=True) DRWristPos = cmds.xform ('DRWrist', q=True, ws=True, t=True), cmds.xform('DRWrist', q=True, os=True, ro=True) suffix = 1 jntsA = cmds.ls(type="joint", long=True) while True: jntname = ["R_Clavicle_"+str(suffix),"R_UpperArm_"+str(suffix),"R_UnderArm_"+str(suffix),"R_Wrist_"+str(suffix)] if jntname not in jntsA: cmds.select (d=True) cmds.joint ( p=(DRClavPos)) cmds.joint ( p=(DRUpArmPos)) cmds.joint ( 'joint1', e=True, zso=True, oj='xyz', radius=0.5, n=jntname[0]) cmds.joint ( p=(DRUnArmPos)) cmds.joint ( 'joint2', e=True, zso=True, oj='xyz', radius=0.5, n=jntname[1]) cmds.joint ( p=(DRWristPos[0])) cmds.joint ( 'joint3', e=True, zso=True, oj='xyz', radius=0.5, n=jntname[2]) cmds.rename ('joint4', jntname[3]) cmds.select ( cl=True) break else: suffix + 1 I tried adding +1 in jntname which resulted in a good second chain but the third chain had "_2" after R_Clavicle_3 The code, in my eyes should work. Can anybody point me in the correct direction :)

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  • subplot matplotlib wrong syntax

    - by madptr
    I am using matplotlib to subplot in a loop. For instance, i would like to subplot 49 data sets, and from the doc, i implemented it this way; import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt X1=list(range(0,10000,1)) X1 = [ x/float(10) for x in X1 ] nb_mix = 2 parameters = [] for i in range(49): param = [] Y = [0] * len(X1) for j in range(nb_mix): mean = 5* (1 + (np.random.rand() * 2 - 1 ) * 0.5 ) var = 10* (1 + np.random.rand() * 2 - 1 ) scale = 5* ( 1 + (np.random.rand() * 2 - 1) * 0.5 ) Y = [ Y[k] + scale * np.exp(-((X1[k] - mean)/float(var))**2) for k in range(len(X1)) ] param = param + [[mean, var, scale]] ax = plt.subplot(7, 7, i + 1) ax.plot(X1, Y) parameters = parameters + [param] ax.show() However, i have an index out of range error from i=0 onwards. Where can i do better to have it works ? Thanks

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  • A faster alternative to Pandas `isin` function

    - by user3576212
    I have a very large data frame df that looks like: ID Value1 Value2 1345 3.2 332 1355 2.2 32 2346 1.0 11 3456 8.9 322 And I have a list that contains a subset of IDs ID_list. I need to have a subset of df for the ID contained in ID_list. Currently, I am using df_sub=df[df.ID.isin(ID_list)] to do it. But it takes a lot time. IDs contained in ID_list doesn't have any pattern, so it's not within certain range. (And I need to apply the same operation to many similar dataframes. I was wondering if there is any faster way to do this. Will it help a lot if make ID as the index? Thanks!

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  • Query distinct list of choices for Django form with App Engine Datastore

    - by Brian
    I've been trying to figure this out for hours across a couple of days, and can not get it to work. I've been everywhere. I'll continue trying to figure it out, but was hoping for a quicker solution. I'm using App Engine datastore + Django. Using a query in a view and custom forms, I was able to get a list to the form but then I was not able to post. I have been trying to figure out how to dynamically add the choices as part of the Django form... I've tried various ways with no success. Help! Below are the two models. I'd like to get a distinct list of address_id to show in the location field in InfoForm. This fields could (and maybe should) be named the same, but I thought it'd be easier if they were named different. class Info(db.Model): user = db.UserProperty() location = db.StringProperty() info = db.StringProperty() created = db.DateTimeProperty(auto_now_add=True) modified = db.DateTimeProperty(auto_now=True) class Locations(db.Model): user = db.UserProperty() address_id = db.StringProperty() address = db.StringProperty() class InfoForm(djangoforms.ModelForm): info = forms.ChoiceField(choices=INFO_CHOICES) location = forms.ChoiceField() class Meta: model = Info exclude = ['user','created','modified']

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  • How to join list of strings?

    - by satsurae
    Hi all, This is probably seriously easy to solve for most of you but I cannot solve this simply putting str() around it can I? I would like to convert this list: ['A','B','C'] into 'A B C'. Thanks in advance!!

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  • numpy array mapping and take average

    - by user566653
    Dear all, I have three array value = np.array ([1, 3, 3, 5, 5, 7, 3]) index = np.array ([1, 1, 3, 3, 6, 6, 6]) data = np.array ([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]) and want to take average for item of "value" by array "index", and assign a new array with value of "data", such as [2, nan, 4, nan, nan, 5] first value is the average of 1st and 2nd of "value" second value is nan because there is not any key in "index" third value is the average of 3rd and 4th of "value" ... Thanks for your help!!! Regards, Roy

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  • How can this code be made more Pythonic?

    - by usethedeathstar
    This next part of code does exactly what I want it to do. dem_rows and dem_cols contain float values for a number of things i can identify in an image, but i need to get the nearest pixel for each of them, and than to make sure I only get the unique points, and no duplicates. The problem is that this code is ugly and as far as I get it, as unpythonic as it gets. If there would be a pure-numpy-solution (without for-loops) that would be even better. # next part is to make sure that we get the rounding done correctly, and than to get the integer part out of it # without the annoying floatingpoint-error, and without duplicates fielddic={} for i in range(len(dem_rows)): # here comes the ugly part: abusing the fact that i overwrite dictionary keys if I get duplicates fielddic[int(round(dem_rows[i]) + 0.1), int(round(dem_cols[i]) + 0.1)] = None # also very ugly: to make two arrays of integers out of the first and second part of the keys field_rows = numpy.zeros((len(fielddic.keys())), int) field_cols = numpy.zeros((len(fielddic.keys())), int) for i, (r, c) in enumerate(fielddic.keys()): field_rows[i] = r field_cols[i] = c

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  • How can I disable a model field in a django form

    - by jammon
    I have a model like this: class MyModel(models.Model): REGULAR = 1 PREMIUM = 2 STATUS_CHOICES = ((REGULAR, "regular"), (PREMIUM, "premium")) name = models.CharField(max_length=30) status = models.IntegerField(choices = STATUS_CHOICES, default = REGULAR) class MyForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = models.MyModel In a view I initialize one field and try to make it non-editable: myform = MyForm(initial = {'status': requested_status}) myform.fields['status'].editable = False But the user can still change that field. What's the real way to accomplish what I'm after?

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  • Django: how to create sites dynamically?

    - by Leandro Ardissone
    Hi, I need to create an application for the company where I can create sites dynamically. For example, I need an admin interface (Django's admin is enough) where I can setup a new site and add some settings to it. Each site must hold a domain (domains can be manually added to apache conf, but if Django can handle it too would be awesome). Each site must be independent of the others, I mean, I shouldn't be able to see the data content of other sites but I can share same applications/models. I've seen the Django's Sites framework, but I'm not sure if it's possible to implement that way. Should I use Sites framework or create a new app that can handle sites better? What do you think?

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