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  • Why does this game loop stop my process from responding?

    - by Ben
    I implemented a fixed time step loop for my C# game. All it does at the moment is make a square bounce around the screen. The problem I'm having is that when I execute the program, I can't close it from the window's close button and the cursor is stuck on the "busy" icon. I have to go into Visual Studio and stop the program manually. Here's the loop at the moment: public void run() { int updates = 0; int frames = 0; double msPerTick = 1000.0 / 60.0; double threshhold = 0; long lastTime = getCurrentTime(); long lastTimer = getCurrentTime(); while (true) { long currTime = getCurrentTime(); threshhold += (currTime - lastTime) / msPerTick; lastTime = currTime; while (threshhold >= 1) { update(); updates++; threshhold -= 1; } this.Refresh(); frames++; if ((getCurrentTime() - lastTimer) >= 1000) { this.Text = updates + " updates and " + frames + " frames per second"; updates = 0; frames = 0; lastTimer += 1000; } } } Why is this happening?

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  • Multiplayer mobile games and coping with high latency

    - by liortal
    I'm currently researching regarding a design for an online (realtime) mobile multiplayer game. As such, i'm taking into consideration that latencies (lag) is going to be high (perhaps higher than PC/consoles). I'd like to know if there are ways to overcome this or minimize the issues of high latency? The model i'll be using is peer-to-peer (using Photon cloud to broadcast messages to all other players). How do i deal with a scenario where a message about a local object's state at time t will only get to other players at *t + HUGE_LAG* ?

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  • First Minecraft mod not working: make a new sword

    - by yamikoWebs
    I am making my first mod and cannot see what is wrong with it. I am using MCP and Modloader. For my first mod I was going to make swords. I started with making a new EnumToolMaterials WOOD(0, 59, 2.0F, 0, 15), STONE(1, 131, 4.0F, 1, 5), IRON(2, 250, 6.0F, 2, 14), LAPIS(3, 750, 7.0F, 2, 14), OBSIDIAN(3, 1000, 7.5F, 3, 12), EMERALD(3, 1561, 8.0F, 3, 10),//diamond GREEN(3, 2000, 9.0F, 4, 10),//emerald GOLD(0, 200, 12.0F, 0, 22); then here is the mod class public class _Mod_Yamiko extends BaseMod{ /* mod itemts */ public static final Item swordLapis = (new ItemSword(600, EnumToolMaterial.LAPIS)).setItemName("swordLapis"); public static final Item swordObsidian = (new ItemSword(601, EnumToolMaterial.OBSIDIAN)).setItemName("swordObsidian"); public static final Item swordGreen = (new ItemSword(602, EnumToolMaterial.GREEN)).setItemName("swordGreen"); public void load(){ //set images swordLapis.iconIndex = ModLoader.addOverride("/gui/items.png","/gui/swordLapis.png"); ModLoader.addName(swordLapis, "Lapis Sword"); //craft ModLoader.addRecipe(new ItemStack(_Mod_Yamiko.swordLapis, 1), new Object[]{ " X ", " X ", " Y ", 'X', Block.dirt, 'Y', Item.stick }); } public String getVersion(){ return "0.1"; } } Then I made a 16×16 .png image. I am not sure where to save it so I recompiled and reobfuscated, took the mod files and put it in my local Minecraft install, added the image where it be should be. No problems when playing but I cannot make the new sword.

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  • Effects to make a speeding spaceship look faster

    - by Badescu Alexandru
    I have a spaceship and I've created a "boost" functionality that speeds up my spaceship, what effects should I implement to create the impression of high speed? I was thinking of making everything except my spaceship blurry but I think there would be something missing. Any ideas? Btw. I am working in XNA C# but if you aren't familiar to XNA describing some effects is still useful. The Game is 3d and i've attached some printscreens of the game This is in normal mode ( none boosted ) and here is the boosted mode ( the craft speeds up forward while the camera speeds in its normal speed , the non boosted speed )

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  • Rotation based on x coordinate and x velocity?

    - by Lewis
    -(void) accelerometer:(UIAccelerometer *)accelerometer didAccelerate:(UIAcceleration *)acceleration { float deceleration = 0.3f, sensitivity = 8.0f, maxVelocity = 150; // adjust velocity based on current accelerometer acceleration playerVelocity.x = playerVelocity.x * deceleration + acceleration.x * sensitivity; // we must limit the maximum velocity of the player sprite, in both directions (positive & negative values) playerVelocity.x = fmaxf(fminf(playerVelocity.x, maxVelocity), -maxVelocity); } Hi, I want to rotate my sprite based on the velocity and accelerometer input. My sprite can move along the X axis like so: <--------- sprite ----------- But it always faces forwards, if it is moving left I want it to point slightly to the left, the degree of how far it is pointing to be judged from the velocity. This should also work for the right. I tried using atan but as the y velocity and position is always the same the function returns 0, which doesn't rotate it at all. Any ideas? Regards, Lewis.

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  • OpenGL Tessellation makes point

    - by urza57
    A little problem with my tessellation shader. I try to implement a simple tessellation shader but it only makes points. Here's my vertex shader : out vec4 ecPosition; out vec3 ecNormal; void main( void ) { vec4 position = gl_Vertex; gl_Position = gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix * position; ecPosition = gl_ModelViewMatrix * position; ecNormal = normalize(gl_NormalMatrix * gl_Normal); } My tessellation control shader : layout(vertices = 3) out; out vec4 ecPosition3[]; in vec3 ecNormal[]; in vec4 ecPosition[]; out vec3 myNormal[]; void main() { gl_out[gl_InvocationID].gl_Position = gl_in[gl_InvocationID].gl_Position; myNormal[gl_InvocationID] = ecNormal[gl_InvocationID]; ecPosition3[gl_InvocationID] = ecPosition[gl_InvocationID]; gl_TessLevelOuter[0] = float(4.0); gl_TessLevelOuter[1] = float(4.0); gl_TessLevelOuter[2] = float(4.0); gl_TessLevelInner[0] = float(4.0); } And my Tessellation Evaluation shader: layout(triangles, equal_spacing, ccw) in; in vec3 myNormal[]; in vec4 ecPosition3[]; out vec3 ecNormal; out vec4 ecPosition; void main() { float u = gl_TessCoord.x; float v = gl_TessCoord.y; float w = gl_TessCoord.z; vec3 position = vec4(gl_in[0].gl_Position.xyz * u + gl_in[1].gl_Position.xyz * v + gl_in[2].gl_Position.xyz * w ); vec3 position2 = vec4(ecPosition3[0].xyz * u + ecPosition3[1].xyz * v + ecPosition3[2].xyz * w ); vec3 normal = myNormal[0] * u + myNormal[1] * v + myNormal[2] * w ); ecNormal = normal; gl_Position = vec4(position, 1.0); ecPosition = vec4(position2, 1.0); } Thank you !

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  • Calculating the "power" of a player in a "Defend Your Castle" type game

    - by Jesse Emond
    I'm a making a "Defend Your Castle" type game, where each player has a castle and must send units to destroy the opponent's castle. It looks like this (and yeah, this is the actual game, not a quick paint drawing..): Now, I'm trying to implement the AI of the opponent, and I'd like to create 4 different AI levels: Easy, Normal, Hard and Hardcore. I've never made any "serious" AI before and I'd like to create a quite complete one this time. My idea is to calculate a player's "power" score, based on the current health of its castle and the individual "power" score of its units. Then, the AI would just try to keep a score close to the player's one(Easy would stay below it, Normal would stay near it and Hard would try to get above it). But I just don't know how to calculate a player's power score. There are just too many variables to take into account and I don't know how to properly use them to create one significant number(the power level). Could anyone help me out on this one? Here are the variables that should influence a player's power score: Current castle health, the unit's total health, damage, speed and attack range. Also, the player can have increased Income(the money bag), damage(the + Damage) and speed(the + speed)... How could I include them in the score? I'm really stuck here... Or is there an other way that I could implement AI for this type of game? Thanks for your precious time.

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  • The best way to structure/design game code

    - by Edward
    My question is quite broad and related to the 2D game code design/architecture/structure. Usually the main game consists of the main loop where you update & render your world states. However, it's recommended for many purposes to separate rendering from the game-logic and so on. I am kinda confused about the whole situation. Many game engines/libs/sdks don't follow separation schema. They propagate a way where you define some scenes/stages and they contain some objects and the scene/stage controls the user input and so on. For example, in cocos2d(-x) and libgdx (stage2d) the games are usually done the way that the update logic happens at the same time/place as rendering. Also, the propagated way is to have a structure where an object knows how to draw itself - which is not a separation of updating & rendering. The same with Flash based games, they are usually done the way when an object (class) contains a swf or a texture and some data and holds some update logic itself, or updated from main Scene. And again this object already knows how to draw itself via "addChild". Also, some people recommend to use MVC pattern, which will require to completely obey the structure of those engines/libs/sdks. Maybe I am overthinking everything, but I am totally confused. I would be grateful if somebody could point me to a correct direction with the game code structures. What is your way of doing things in libgdx/cocos2d/flash?

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  • 2D game collision response: SAT & minimum displacement along a given axis?

    - by Archagon
    I'm trying to implement a collision system in a 2D game I'm making. The separating axis theorem (as described by metanet's collision tutorial) seems like an efficient and robust way of handling collision detection, but I don't quite like the collision response method they use. By blindly displacing along the axis of least overlap, the algorithm simply ignores the previous position of the moving object, which means that it doesn't collide with the stationary object so much as it enters it and then bounces out. Here's an example of a situation where this would matter: According to the SAT method described above, the rectangle would simply pop out of the triangle perpendicular to its hypotenuse: However, realistically, the rectangle should stop at the lower right corner of the triangle, as that would be the point of first collision if it were moving continuously along its displacement vector: Now, this might not actually matter during gameplay, but I'd love to know if there's a way of efficiently and generally attaining accurate displacements in this manner. I've been racking my brains over it for the past few days, and I don't want to give up yet! (Cross-posted from StackOverflow, hope that's not against the rules!)

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  • OpenGL: glGetError() returns invalid enum after call to glewInit()

    - by malymato
    I use GLEW and freeglut. For some reason, after a call to glewInit(), glGetError() returns error code 1280. Reinstalling the drivers didn't help. I tried to disable glewExperimental, it had no effect. Code worked before, but I am not aware of any changes I could possibly make. Here's my code: int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { GLenum GlewInitResult, res; InitWindow(argc, argv); res = glGetError(); // res = 0 glewExperimental = GL_TRUE; GlewInitResult = glewInit(); res = glGetError(); // res = 1280 glutMainLoop(); exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); } void InitWindow(int argc, char* argv[]) { glutInit(&argc, argv); glutInitContextVersion(4, 0); glutInitContextFlags(GLUT_FORWARD_COMPATIBLE); glutInitContextProfile(GLUT_CORE_PROFILE); glutSetOption(GLUT_ACTION_ON_WINDOW_CLOSE, GLUT_ACTION_GLUTMAINLOOP_RETURNS); glutInitWindowPosition(0, 0); glutInitWindowSize(CurrentWidth, CurrentHeight); glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DEPTH | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGBA); WindowHandle = glutCreateWindow(WINDOW_TITLE); GLenum errorCheckValue = glGetError(); if (WindowHandle < 1) { fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: Could not create new rendering window.\n"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } glutReshapeFunc(ResizeFunction); glutDisplayFunc(RenderFunction); glutIdleFunc(IdleFunction); glutTimerFunc(0, TimerFunction, 0); glutCloseFunc(Cleanup); glutKeyboardFunc(KeyboardFunction); } Could someone tell me what I am doing wrong? Thanks.

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  • Serverside memory efficiency and threading for a turn based game

    - by SkeletorFromEterenia
    Im programming on a turn based war-game for some years now (along with the engine) and Im having quite a hard time at figuring out what the games server architecture should look like, since most game server architecture articles I found focus either on FPS oder MMOGs, which doesn't really fit since I want many matches with 1- 16 players on my server, with each match being played in turn based mode. My chief concern is memory usage, since the most basic approach of loading every game that is being played completely into RAM should be quite inefficient, so is there a suitable strategy for selecting only the needed bits and loading them? Another question I got is how to design the threading on the server, since I think using only a single thread could be a problem due to the fact that the game or part of it might have to be loaded from the database. I would be very happy if you could share your knowledge or point me to material on this topic.

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  • What's a good way to programmatically manage a cloneable entity?

    - by bobobobo
    Say you have missiles or rockets that a player can fire. What's a good way to programmatically manage the cloning of a base rocket, for example? I can think of 2 ways to do it: Player has a currently selected weapon (which is an int) When player shoots, the selectedWeapon member is looked at, and the correct instance of rocket is created (with some base parameters) Or Player has a currently selected weapon (which is a pointer, to a "base instance" of the rocket object) When player shoots, the base instance rocket is cloned, transformed, and shot into the game world

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  • How to blend multiple normal maps?

    - by János Turánszki
    I want to achieve a distortion effect which distorts the full screen. For that I spawn a couple of images with normal maps. I render their normal map part on some camera facing quads onto a rendertarget which is cleared with the color (127,127,255,255). This color means that there is no distortion whatsoever. Then I want to render some images like this one onto it: If I draw one somewhere on the screen, then it looks correct because it blends in seamlessly with the background (which is the same color that appears on the edges of this image). If I draw another one on top of it then it will no longer be a seamless transition. For this I created a blendstate in directX 11 that keeps the maximum of two colors, so it is now a seamless transition, but this way, the colors lower than 127 (0.5f normalized) will not contribute. I am not making a simulation and the effect looks quite convincing and nice for a game, but in my spare time I am thinking how I could achieve a nicer or a more correct effect with a blend state, maybe averaging the colors somehow? I I did it with a shader, I would add the colors and then I would normalize them, but I need to combine arbitrary number of images onto a rendertarget. This is my blend state now which blends them seamlessly but not correctly: D3D11_BLEND_DESC bd; bd.RenderTarget[0].BlendEnable=true; bd.RenderTarget[0].SrcBlend = D3D11_BLEND_SRC_ALPHA; bd.RenderTarget[0].DestBlend = D3D11_BLEND_INV_SRC_ALPHA; bd.RenderTarget[0].BlendOp = D3D11_BLEND_OP_MAX; bd.RenderTarget[0].SrcBlendAlpha = D3D11_BLEND_ONE; bd.RenderTarget[0].DestBlendAlpha = D3D11_BLEND_ZERO; bd.RenderTarget[0].BlendOpAlpha = D3D11_BLEND_OP_MAX; bd.RenderTarget[0].RenderTargetWriteMask = 0x0f; Is there any way of improving upon this? (PS. I considered rendering each one with a separate shader incementally on top of each other but that would consume a lot of render targets which is unacceptable)

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  • How to implement physical effect, perspective effect on Android

    - by asedra_le
    I'm researching about 2D game for Android to implement an Android Game Project. My project looks nearly like PaperToss. Instance of throwing a page, my game will throw a coin. Suppose that I have a coin put in three-dimensional that have coordinates at A(x,y,z). I throw that point ahead, after 1/100 second, that coin move from A(x,y,z) to A'(x',y',z'). By this way, I have two problems need to solve. Determine the formulas can be used to compute the coordinates of the coin at time t. This problem is under-researching. I have no idea to solve this problem. Mapping three-dimensional points to a two-dimensional and use those new coordinates (a two-dimensional coordinates) to draw our coin on screen. I have found two solutions for this problem: Orthographic projection & Perspective projection However, my old friend said that OpenGL supports to solve problems like my problems. Any body have experiences about my problems? Help me please :) Thank for reading my question.

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  • Xna model parts are overlying others

    - by Federico Chiaravalli
    I am trying to import in XNA an .fbx model exported with blender. Here is my drawing code public void Draw() { Matrix[] modelTransforms = new Matrix[Model.Bones.Count]; Model.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(modelTransforms); foreach (ModelMesh mesh in Model.Meshes) { foreach (BasicEffect be in mesh.Effects) { be.EnableDefaultLighting(); be.World = modelTransforms[mesh.ParentBone.Index] * GameCamera.World * Translation; be.View = GameCamera.View; be.Projection = GameCamera.Projection; } mesh.Draw(); } } The problem is that when I start the game some model parts are overlying others instead of being behind. I've tried to download other models from internet but they have the same problem.

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  • Picture rendered from above and below using an Orthographic camera do not match

    - by Roy T.
    I'm using an orthographic camera to render slices of a model (in order to voxelize it). I render each slice both from above and below in order to determine what is inside each slice. I am using an orthographic camera The model I render is a simple 'T' shape constructed from two cubes. The cubes have the same dimensions and have the same Y (height) coordinate. See figure 1 for a render of it in Blender. I render this model once directly from above and once directly from below. My expectation was that I would get exactly the same image (except for mirroring over the y-axis). However when I render using a very low resolution render target (25x25) the position (in pixels) of the 'T' is different when rendered from above as opposed to rendered from below. See figure 2 and 3. The pink blocks are not part of the original rendering but I've added them so you can easily count/see the differences. Figure 2: the T rendered from above Figure 3: the T rendered from below This is probably due to what I've read about pixel and texel coordinates which might be biased to the top-left as seen from the camera. Since I'm using the same 'up' vector for both of my camera's my bias only shows on the x-axis. I've tried to change the position of the camera and it's look-at by, what I thought, should be half a pixel. I've tried both shifting a single camera and shifting both cameras and while I see some effect I am not able to get a pixel-by-pixel perfect copy from both camera's. Here I initialize the camera and compute, what I believe to be, half pixel. boundsDimX and boundsDimZ is a slightly enlarged bounding box around the model which I also use as the width and height of the view volume of the orthographic camera. Matrix projection = Matrix.CreateOrthographic(boundsDimX, boundsDimZ, 0.5f, sliceHeight + 0.5f); Vector3 halfPixel = new Vector3(boundsDimX / (float)renderTarget.Width, 0, boundsDimY / (float)renderTarget.Height) * 0.5f; This is the code where I set the camera position and camera look ats // Position camera if (downwards) { float cameraHeight = bounds.Max.Y + 0.501f - (sliceHeight * i); Vector3 cameraPosition = new Vector3 ( boundsCentre.X, // possibly adjust by half a pixel? cameraHeight, boundsCentre.Z ); camera.Position = cameraPosition; camera.LookAt = new Vector3(cameraPosition.X, cameraHeight - 1.0f, cameraPosition.Z); } else { float cameraHeight = bounds.Max.Y - 0.501f - (sliceHeight * i); Vector3 cameraPosition = new Vector3 ( boundsCentre.X, cameraHeight, boundsCentre.Z ); camera.Position = cameraPosition; camera.LookAt = new Vector3(cameraPosition.X, cameraHeight + 1.0f, cameraPosition.Z); } Main Question Now you've seen all the problems and code you can guess it. My main question is. How do I align both camera's so that they each render exactly the same image (mirrored along the Y axis)? Figure 1 the original model rendered in blender

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  • 2D basic map system

    - by Cyril
    i'm currently coding a 2D game in Java, and I would like to have some clues on how-to build this system : the screen is moving on a grander map, for instance, the screen represent 800*600 units on a 100K*100K map. When you command your unit to go to another position, the screen move on this map AND when you move your mouse on a side or another of the screen, you move the screen on the map. Not sure that i'm clear, but we can retrieve this system in most RTS games (warcraft/starcraft for example). I'm currently using Slick 2D. Any idea ? Thanks.

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  • Combine 3D objects in XNA 4

    - by Christoph
    Currently I am writing on my thesis for university, the theme I am working on is 3D Visualization of hierarchical structures using cone trees. I want to do is to draw a cone and arrange a number of spheres at the bottom of the cone. The spheres should be arranged according to the radius and the number of spheres correctly. As you can imagine I need a lot of these cone/sphere combinations. First Attempt I was able to find some tutorials that helped with drawing cones and spheres. Cone public Cone(GraphicsDevice device, float height, int tessellation, string name, List<Sphere> children) { //prepare children and calculate the children spacing and radius of the cone if (children == null || children.Count == 0) { throw new ArgumentNullException("children"); } this.Height = height; this.Name = name; this.Children = children; //create the cone if (tessellation < 3) { throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("tessellation"); } //Create a ring of triangels around the outside of the cones bottom for (int i = 0; i < tessellation; i++) { Vector3 normal = this.GetCircleVector(i, tessellation); // add the vertices for the top of the cone base.AddVertex(Vector3.Up * height, normal); //add the bottom circle base.AddVertex(normal * this.radius + Vector3.Down * height, normal); //Add indices base.AddIndex(i * 2); base.AddIndex(i * 2 + 1); base.AddIndex((i * 2 + 2) % (tessellation * 2)); base.AddIndex(i * 2 + 1); base.AddIndex((i * 2 + 3) % (tessellation * 2)); base.AddIndex((i * 2 + 2) % (tessellation * 2)); } //create flate triangle to seal the bottom this.CreateCap(tessellation, height, this.Radius, Vector3.Down); base.InitializePrimitive(device); } Sphere public void Initialize(GraphicsDevice device, Vector3 qi) { int verticalSegments = this.Tesselation; int horizontalSegments = this.Tesselation * 2; //single vertex on the bottom base.AddVertex((qi * this.Radius) + this.lowering, Vector3.Down); for (int i = 0; i < verticalSegments; i++) { float latitude = ((i + 1) * MathHelper.Pi / verticalSegments) - MathHelper.PiOver2; float dy = (float)Math.Sin(latitude); float dxz = (float)Math.Cos(latitude); //Create a singe ring of latitudes for (int j = 0; j < horizontalSegments; j++) { float longitude = j * MathHelper.TwoPi / horizontalSegments; float dx = (float)Math.Cos(longitude) * dxz; float dz = (float)Math.Sin(longitude) * dxz; Vector3 normal = new Vector3(dx, dy, dz); base.AddVertex(normal * this.Radius, normal); } } // Finish with a single vertex at the top of the sphere. AddVertex((qi * this.Radius) + this.lowering, Vector3.Up); // Create a fan connecting the bottom vertex to the bottom latitude ring. for (int i = 0; i < horizontalSegments; i++) { AddIndex(0); AddIndex(1 + (i + 1) % horizontalSegments); AddIndex(1 + i); } // Fill the sphere body with triangles joining each pair of latitude rings. for (int i = 0; i < verticalSegments - 2; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < horizontalSegments; j++) { int nextI = i + 1; int nextJ = (j + 1) % horizontalSegments; base.AddIndex(1 + i * horizontalSegments + j); base.AddIndex(1 + i * horizontalSegments + nextJ); base.AddIndex(1 + nextI * horizontalSegments + j); base.AddIndex(1 + i * horizontalSegments + nextJ); base.AddIndex(1 + nextI * horizontalSegments + nextJ); base.AddIndex(1 + nextI * horizontalSegments + j); } } // Create a fan connecting the top vertex to the top latitude ring. for (int i = 0; i < horizontalSegments; i++) { base.AddIndex(CurrentVertex - 1); base.AddIndex(CurrentVertex - 2 - (i + 1) % horizontalSegments); base.AddIndex(CurrentVertex - 2 - i); } base.InitializePrimitive(device); } The tricky part now is to arrange the spheres at the bottom of the cone. I tried is to draw just the cone and then draw the spheres. I need a lot of these cones, so it would be pretty hard to calculate all the positions correctly. Second Attempt So the second try was to generate a object that builds all vertices of the cone and all of the spheres at once. So I was hoping to render a cone with all its spheres arranged correctly. After a short debug I found out that the cone is created and the first sphere, when it turn of the second sphere I am running into an OutOfBoundsException of ushort.MaxValue. Cone and Spheres public ConeWithSpheres(GraphicsDevice device, float height, float coneDiameter, float sphereDiameter, int coneTessellation, int sphereTessellation, int numberOfSpheres) { if (coneTessellation < 3) { throw new ArgumentException(string.Format("{0} is to small for the tessellation of the cone. The number must be greater or equal to 3", coneTessellation)); } if (sphereTessellation < 3) { throw new ArgumentException(string.Format("{0} is to small for the tessellation of the sphere. The number must be greater or equal to 3", sphereTessellation)); } //set properties this.Height = height; this.ConeDiameter = coneDiameter; this.SphereDiameter = sphereDiameter; this.NumberOfChildren = numberOfSpheres; //end set properties //generate the cone this.GenerateCone(device, coneTessellation); //generate the spheres //vector that defines the Y position of the sphere on the cones bottom Vector3 lowering = new Vector3(0, 0.888f, 0); this.GenerateSpheres(device, sphereTessellation, numberOfSpheres, lowering); } // ------ GENERATE CONE ------ private void GenerateCone(GraphicsDevice device, int coneTessellation) { int doubleTessellation = coneTessellation * 2; //Create a ring of triangels around the outside of the cones bottom for (int index = 0; index < coneTessellation; index++) { Vector3 normal = this.GetCircleVector(index, coneTessellation); //add the vertices for the top of the cone base.AddVertex(Vector3.Up * this.Height, normal); //add the bottom of the cone base.AddVertex(normal * this.ConeRadius + Vector3.Down * this.Height, normal); //add indices base.AddIndex(index * 2); base.AddIndex(index * 2 + 1); base.AddIndex((index * 2 + 2) % doubleTessellation); base.AddIndex(index * 2 + 1); base.AddIndex((index * 2 + 3) % doubleTessellation); base.AddIndex((index * 2 + 2) % doubleTessellation); } //create flate triangle to seal the bottom this.CreateCap(coneTessellation, this.Height, this.ConeRadius, Vector3.Down); base.InitializePrimitive(device); } // ------ GENERATE SPHERES ------ private void GenerateSpheres(GraphicsDevice device, int sphereTessellation, int numberOfSpheres, Vector3 lowering) { int verticalSegments = sphereTessellation; int horizontalSegments = sphereTessellation * 2; for (int childCount = 1; childCount < numberOfSpheres; childCount++) { //single vertex at the bottom of the sphere base.AddVertex((this.GetCircleVector(childCount, this.NumberOfChildren) * this.SphereRadius) + lowering, Vector3.Down); for (int verticalSegmentsCount = 0; verticalSegmentsCount < verticalSegments; verticalSegmentsCount++) { float latitude = ((verticalSegmentsCount + 1) * MathHelper.Pi / verticalSegments) - MathHelper.PiOver2; float dy = (float)Math.Sin(latitude); float dxz = (float)Math.Cos(latitude); //create a single ring of latitudes for (int horizontalSegmentsCount = 0; horizontalSegmentsCount < horizontalSegments; horizontalSegmentsCount++) { float longitude = horizontalSegmentsCount * MathHelper.TwoPi / horizontalSegments; float dx = (float)Math.Cos(longitude) * dxz; float dz = (float)Math.Sin(longitude) * dxz; Vector3 normal = new Vector3(dx, dy, dz); base.AddVertex((normal * this.SphereRadius) + lowering, normal); } } //finish with a single vertex at the top of the sphere base.AddVertex((this.GetCircleVector(childCount, this.NumberOfChildren) * this.SphereRadius) + lowering, Vector3.Up); //create a fan connecting the bottom vertex to the bottom latitude ring for (int i = 0; i < horizontalSegments; i++) { base.AddIndex(0); base.AddIndex(1 + (i + 1) % horizontalSegments); base.AddIndex(1 + i); } //Fill the sphere body with triangles joining each pair of latitude rings for (int i = 0; i < verticalSegments - 2; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < horizontalSegments; j++) { int nextI = i + 1; int nextJ = (j + 1) % horizontalSegments; base.AddIndex(1 + i * horizontalSegments + j); base.AddIndex(1 + i * horizontalSegments + nextJ); base.AddIndex(1 + nextI * horizontalSegments + j); base.AddIndex(1 + i * horizontalSegments + nextJ); base.AddIndex(1 + nextI * horizontalSegments + nextJ); base.AddIndex(1 + nextI * horizontalSegments + j); } } //create a fan connecting the top vertiex to the top latitude for (int i = 0; i < horizontalSegments; i++) { base.AddIndex(this.CurrentVertex - 1); base.AddIndex(this.CurrentVertex - 2 - (i + 1) % horizontalSegments); base.AddIndex(this.CurrentVertex - 2 - i); } base.InitializePrimitive(device); } } Any ideas how I could fix this?

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  • What collision detection approach for top down car game?

    - by nathan
    I have a quite advanced top down car game and i use masks to detect collisions. I have the actual designed track (what the player see) with fancy graphics etc. and two other pictures i use as mask for my detection collisions. Each mask has only two colors, white and black and i check each frame if a pixel of the car collide with a black pixel of the masks. This approach works of course but it's not really flexible. Whenever i want to change the look of a track, i have to redraw the mask and it's a real pain. What is the general approach for this kind of game? How can i improve the flexibility of such a mask based approach?

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  • Scaling Down Pixel Art?

    - by Michael Stum
    There's plenty of algorithms to scale up pixel art (I prefer hqx personally), but are there any notable algorithms to scale it down? In my case, the game is designed to run at 1280x720, but if someone plays at a lower resolution I want it to still look good. Most Pixel Art discussions center around 320x200 or 640x480 and upscaling for use in console emulators, but I wonder how modern 2D games like the Monkey Island Remake look good on lower resolutions? (Ignoring the options of having multiple versions of assets (essentially, mipmapping))

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  • Calculating collision force with AfterCollision/NormalImpulse is unreliable when IgnoreCCD = false?

    - by Michael
    I'm using Farseer Physics Engine 3.3.1 in a very simple XNA 4 test game. (Note: I'm also tagging this Box2D, because Farseer is a direct port of Box2D and I will happily accept Box2D answers that solve this problem.) In this game, I'm creating two bodies. The first body is created using BodyFactory.CreateCircle and BodyType.Dynamic. This body can be moved around using the keyboard (which sets Body.LinearVelocity). The second body is created using BodyFactory.CreateRectangle and BodyType.Static. This body is static and never moves. Then I'm using this code to calculate the force of collision when the two bodies collide: staticBody.FixtureList[0].AfterCollision += new AfterCollisionEventHandler(AfterCollision); protected void AfterCollision(Fixture fixtureA, Fixture fixtureB, Contact contact) { float maxImpulse = 0f; for (int i = 0; i < contact.Manifold.PointCount; i++) maxImpulse = Math.Max(maxImpulse, contact.Manifold.Points[i].NormalImpulse); // maxImpulse should contain the force of the collision } This code works great if both of these bodies are set to IgnoreCCD=true. I can calculate the force of collision between them 100% reliably. Perfect. But here's the problem: If I set the bodies to IgnoreCCD=false, that code becomes wildly unpredictable. AfterCollision is called reliably, but for some reason the NormalImpulse is 0 about 75% of the time, so only about one in four collisions is registered. Worse still, the NormalImpulse seems to be zero for completely random reasons. The dynamic body can collide with the static body 10 times in a row in virtually exactly the same way, and only 2 or 3 of the hits will register with a NormalImpulse greater than zero. Setting IgnoreCCD=true on both bodies instantly solves the problem, but then I lose continuous physics detection. Why is this happening and how can I fix it? Here's a link to a simple XNA 4 solution that demonstrates this problem in action: http://www.mediafire.com/?a1w242q9sna54j4

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  • 3D Camera Problem

    - by Chris
    I allow the user to look around the scene by holding down the left mouse button and moving the mouse. The problem that I have is I can be facing one direction, I move the mouse up and the view tilts up, I move down and the view titles down. If I spin around 180 my left and right still works fine, but when I move the mouse up the view tilts down, and when I move the mouse down the view titles up. This is the code I am using, can anyone see what the problem with the logic is? var viewDir = g_math.subVector(target, g_eye); var rotatedViewDir = []; rotatedViewDir[0] = (Math.cos(g_mouseXDelta * g_rotationDelta) * viewDir[0]) - (Math.sin(g_mouseXDelta * g_rotationDelta) * viewDir[2]); rotatedViewDir[1] = viewDir[1]; rotatedViewDir[2] = (Math.cos(g_mouseXDelta * g_rotationDelta) * viewDir[2]) + (Math.sin(g_mouseXDelta * g_rotationDelta) * viewDir[0]); viewDir = rotatedViewDir; rotatedViewDir[0] = viewDir[0]; rotatedViewDir[1] = (Math.cos(g_mouseYDelta * g_rotationDelta * -1) * viewDir[1]) - (Math.sin(g_mouseYDelta * g_rotationDelta * -1) * viewDir[2]); rotatedViewDir[2] = (Math.cos(g_mouseYDelta * g_rotationDelta * -1) * viewDir[2]) + (Math.sin(g_mouseYDelta * g_rotationDelta * -1) * viewDir[1]); g_lookingDir = rotatedViewDir; var newtarget = g_math.addVector(rotatedViewDir, g_eye);

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  • Meaning of offset in pygame Mask.overlap methods

    - by Alan
    I have a situation in which two rectangles collide, and I have to detect how much did they collide so so I can redraw the objects in a way that they are only touching each others edges. It's a situation in which a moving ball should hit a completely unmovable wall and instantly stop moving. Since the ball sometimes moves multiple pixels per screen refresh, it it possible that it enters the wall with more that half its surface when the collision is detected, in which case i want to shift it position back to the point where it only touches the edges of the wall. Here is the conceptual image it: I decided to implement this with masks, and thought that i could supply the masks of both objects (wall and ball) and get the surface (as a square) of their intersection. However, there is also the offset parameter which i don't understand. Here are the docs for the method: Mask.overlap Returns the point of intersection if the masks overlap with the given offset - or None if it does not overlap. Mask.overlap(othermask, offset) -> x,y The overlap tests uses the following offsets (which may be negative): +----+----------.. |A | yoffset | +-+----------.. +--|B |xoffset | | : :

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  • Distributed C++ game server which use database.

    - by Slav
    Hello. My C++ turn-based game server (which uses database) does stand against current average amount of clients (players), so I want to expand it to multiple (more then one) amount of computers and databases where all clients still will remain within single game world (servers will must communicate with each other and use multiple databases). Is there some tutorials/books/common standards which explain how to do it in a best way?

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  • Doing powerups in a component-based system

    - by deft_code
    I'm just starting really getting my head around component based design. I don't know what the "right" way to do this is. Here's the scenario. The player can equip a shield. The the shield is drawn as bubble around the player, it has a separate collision shape, and reduces the damage the player receives from area effects. How is such a shield architected in a component based game? Where I get confused is that the shield obviously has three components associated with it. Damage reduction / filtering A sprite A collider. To make it worse different shield variations could have even more behaviors, all of which could be components: boost player maximum health health regen projectile deflection etc Am I overthinking this? Should the shield just be a super component? I really think this is wrong answer. So if you think this is the way to go please explain. Should the shield be its own entity that tracks the location of the player? That might make it hard to implement the damage filtering. It also kinda blurs the lines between attached components and entities. Should the shield be a component that houses other components? I've never seen or heard of anything like this, but maybe it's common and I'm just not deep enough yet. Should the shield just be a set of components that get added to the player? Possibly with an extra component to manage the others, e.g. so they can all be removed as a group. (accidentally leave behind the damage reduction component, now that would be fun). Something else that's obvious to someone with more component experience?

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