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• Efficiently Reshaping/Reordering Numpy Array to Properly Ordered Tiles (Image)

  - by Phelix

  I would like to be able to somehow reorder a numpy array for efficient processing of tiles. what I got: >>> A = np.array([[1,2],[3,4]]).repeat(2,0).repeat(2,1) >>> A # image like array array([[[1, 1, 2, 2], [1, 1, 2, 2]], [[3, 3, 4, 4], [3, 3, 4, 4]]]) >>> A.reshape(2,2,4) array([[[1, 1, 2, 2], [1, 1, 2, 2]], [[3, 3, 4, 4], [3, 3, 4, 4]]]) what I want: X >>> X array([[[1, 1, 1, 1], [2, 2, 2, 2]], [[3, 3, 3, 3], [4, 4, 4, 4]]]) to be able to do something like: >>> X[X.sum(2)>12] -= 1 >>> X array([[[1, 1, 1, 1], [2, 2, 2, 2]], [[3, 3, 3, 3], [3, 3, 3, 3]]]) Is this possible without a slow python loop? Bonus: Conversion back from X to A Edit: How can I get X from A?

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• super(type,subclass) in simple singleton implementation

  - by Tianchen Wu

  when I was implementing naive singleton in python, I came up with a problem with super key word. As usual the behavior of super is always tricky and buggy, hope someone can shed light on it. Thanks :) The problem is that: class Singleton(object): def __new__(cls,*args,**kw): if not hasattr(cls,'_instance'): #create a instance of type cls, origin=super(Singleton,Singleton).__new__(cls,*args,**kw) cls._instance=origin return cls._instance class B(Singleton): def __init__(self,b): self.b=b It actually works, but I am wondering Will it be better if I change line 5 to the below, like in most of the books? origin=super(Singleton,cls).__new__(cls,*args,**ks) what's the difference to make?

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• how to exit recursive math formula and still get an answer

  - by calccrypto

  i wrote this python code, which from wolfram alpha says that its supposed to return the factorial of any positive value (i probably messed up somewhere), integer or not: from math import * def double_factorial(n): if int(n) == n: n = int(n) if [0,1].__contains__(n): return 1 a = (n&1) + 2 b = 1 while a<=n: b*=a a+= 2 return float(b) else: return factorials(n/2) * 2**(n/2) *(pi/2)**(.25 *(-1+cos(n * pi))) def factorials(n): return pi**(.5 * sin(n*pi)**2) * 2**(-n + .25 * (-1 + cos(2*n*pi))) * double_factorial(2*n) the problem is , say i input pi to 6 decimal places. 2*n will not become a float with 0 as its decimals any time soon, so the equation turns out to be pi**(.5 * sin(n*pi)**2) * 2**(-n + .25 * (-1 + cos(2*n*pi))) * double_factorial(loop(loop(loop(...))))) how would i stop the recursion and still get the answer? ive had suggestions to add an index to the definitions or something, but the problem is, if the code stops when it reaches an index, there is still no answer to put back into the previous "nests" or whatever you call them

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• impossible to install Framework 3.5

  - by yae

  Hi few days ago I formatted one of my computers (XP Home SP2 with prior updates installed). Now I am trying to install NET Framework 3.5, but display this error: [03/21/10,17:19:36] Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0a: [2] Error: Installation failed for component Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0a. MSI returned error code 1603 [03/21/10,17:20:17] WapUI: [2] DepCheck indicates Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0a is not installed. Already i have tried this to try solve this issue, but the problem persists. 1.- unistall all frameworks and reinstall from scratch 2.- clean all temps file and reinstall from scratch 3.- unistall and clean all frameworks with dotnetfx cleanup tool and reinstall from scratch 4.- install .NET Framework 3.5 full package But all these possibles solutions have failed. Any idea to solve this? Thanks in advance

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• "Introduction to Computer Science and Programming" for a beginner.

  - by Richard

  Hi everyone! Im new here and also new to developing software and programming, and with new I mean 0 experience or schooling for it. As Im currently studying medicine via internet and I use a computer on an average of about 8-9 hours a day, this has lead me to get very interested in programming. I got a link from a fellow Redditor and I got some questions before I dive into this project. http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Electrical-Engineering-and-Computer-Science/6-00Fall-2008/CourseHome/index.htm Is this too much/hard for a beginner? Is Python™ programming language the way to go or would I be better off learning some other kind of language to begin with? What other ways of learning basic programming by myself is there? Are there any better ways for a complete beginner to start off? Thank you for your time!

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• AppEngine and Django: including a template file

  - by PythonPower

  As the title suggests, I'm using Google App Engine and Django. I have quite a bit of identical code across my templates and would like to reduce this by including template files. So, in my main application directory I have the python handler file, the main template, and the template I want to include in my main template. I would have thought that including {% include "fileToInclude.html" %} would work on its own but that simply doesn't include anything. I assume I have to set something up, maybe using TEMPLATE_DIRS, but can't figure it out on my own. EDIT: I've tried: TEMPLATE_DIRS = (os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'templates'), ) But to no avail. I'll try some other possibilities too.

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• How to control utf-8 string paddings

  - by Kev

  I got three UTF-8 stings: hello, world hello, ?? hello, ?rld I only want the first 10 chars so that the bracket in one column: [hello, wor] [hello, ? ] [hello, ?r] In console: width('??')==width('worl') width('? ')==width('wor') #a white space behind '?' python's format() doesn't help when UTF-8 chars mixed in >>> for s in ['[{0:<{1}.{1}}]'.format(s, 10) for s in ['hello, world', 'hello, ??', 'hello, ?rld']]: ... print(s) ... [hello, wor] [hello, ?? ] [hello, ?rl] So, I wonder if there is a standard way to do the UTF-8 padding staff?

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• Protobuf compiler for several languages

  - by Stipa

  Hi, In my project I have components written on Python, ObjectiveC and J2ME. I want to use protobuf as data interchange format. However, there are one issue I need to resolve. Google implementation doesn't support ObjC and J2ME. There are 3rd party implementations that supports those languages. But I really don't want to be depended of several protoc implementations. What is the best way for me to have protobufs for several languages? Do I need to use different compilers or there is other option? Thanks, -Lev

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• How do I do import hooks in IronPython/Silverlight?

  - by ahlatimer

  I'm extending TryPython to (along with various other things) allow users to save a file and subsequently import that file. TryPython overloads the built in file operations, so I need to know what parts of import need to hooked into in order for import to use the overloaded file operations. Really, a basic overview of IronPython's import when used in Silverlight would be extremely helpful. I don't need a complete working solution (although I won't stop you from writing one! :). I'm a Python newbie, and I really have no idea where to even begin. Thanks!

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• parse this directory path without losing slash

  - by PPTim

  hi, I have a wxPython application. I am taking in a directory path from a textbox using GetValue(). I notice that while trying to parse in the directory path "C:\Documents and Settings\UserName\Desktop\InputFile.xls", python sees the string as 'C:\\Documents and Settings\UserName\\Desktop\\InputFile.xls' (missing a slash between "Settings" and "UserName). Why is it that only that slash is not correctly escaped? Once the string has been changed to 'C:\Documents and Settings\UserName\Desktop\InputFile.xls', is there a type conversion or function that can does this properly? Thanks.

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• Best way to parse XMPP-like XML streams?

  - by codethief

  I am working on a server application which receives data over a TCP socket in an XMPP-like XML format, i.e. every child of the <root> element essentially represents one separate request (stanza). The connection is closed as soon as </root> is received. I do know that I must use a stream parser like SAX, somehow. Though, for convenience, I'd prefer to have a tree-like interface to access each stanza's child elements. (The data sent with every request is not large so I think it makes sense to read each stanza as a whole.) What's the best way to realize that in Python (preferably v3)? This is the code I'd like to build it in. Feel free to point me in a totally different direction to solve this issue. import socketserver import settings class MyServer(socketserver.ThreadingMixIn, socketserver.TCPServer): pass class MyRequestHandler(socketserver.StreamRequestHandler): def handle(self): pass if __name__ == '__main__': server = MyServer((settings.host, settings.port), MyRequestHandler) server.serve_forever()

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• Same question to multiple remote users with different login

  - by user562802

  Hello all, This is my first post to Stack Overflow so apologies if I chosen wrong words for the title. I am very new to Google App Engine and python. I am building a web application using Pyhton and Django which is question and multiple answers type. Once the users are login to website,they will be provided with random questions from datastore. What my requirement is if certain users want to form group so that they all can get the same set of random questions to answer,is this possible ? Without forming the group each user are getting different random questions on their end. Thanks, Sunil

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• If a command line program is unsure of stdout's encoding, what encoding should it output?

  - by mackstann

  I have a command line program written in Python, and when I pipe it through another program on the command line, sys.stdout.encoding is None. This makes sense, I suppose -- the output could be another program, or a file you're redirecting it into, or whatever, and it doesn't know what encoding is desired. But neither do I! This program will be used by many different people (humor me) in different ways. Should I play it safe and output only ascii (replacing non-ascii chars with question marks)? Or should I output UTF-8, since it's so widespread these days?

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• Storing task state between multiple django processes

  - by user366148

  I am building a logging-bridge between rabbitmq messages and Django application to store background task state in the database for further investigation/review, also to make it possible to re-publish tasks via the Django admin interface. I guess it's nothing fancy, just a standard Producer-Consumer pattern. Web application publishes to message queue and inserts initial task state into the database Consumer, which is a separate python process, handles the message and updates the task state depending on task output The problem is, some tasks are missing in the db and therefore never executed. I suspect it's because Consumer receives the message earlier than db commit is performed. So basically, returning from Model.save() doesn't mean the transaction has ended and the whole communication breaks. Is there any way I could fix this? Maybe some kind of post_transaction signal I could use? Thank you in advance.

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• Getting service unavailable message when sending messages to google xmpp using wokkel

  - by Code freak

  Hi, I made a wokkel (twisted python) bot to send and receive messages from the google xmpp service. Everything (auth, presence) etc works fine. One of the rquirements of our prject is that we need to send broadcast messages to everyone in the list. Normal messages and replies work fin, but when i snd a broadcast message, i get this service unavailable error 503 message. There are about 1000 user in my contact list. Is this some bug in the code or is it google policy to prevent rapid messaging. Also, how do other google bots cater to a large contact base ? does google provide a commercial solution for such applications ? Thanks

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• Install the proper bitness Visual C++ Runtime Library via a Setup project

  - by chiru_valentin

  Hi all! The context: I have a solution that contains amongh other C# projects, a VC++ project that suports compiling only as x64 or Win32 (but not Any CPU). In order for the application (which in fact is a macro for a third party application) to run, it requires Visual C++ Runtime libraries (x86) or (x64) (The macro will run on both x64 and x86 operating systems.) The problem: I want to create a Visual Studio setup project that would install the macro on both x86 and x64 operating systems, and the problem I have is to specify what Visual C++ Runtime library to use a prerequisite. If both are selected (x64 and x86) than I have a runtime error message when running the setup.exe, as on x86 operating systems you cannot run x64 executables like the Visual C++ Runtime libraries (x64) kit is...(which the setup calls in the back). So I would need a bitness condition, or something like that to tell the setup what bitness version of the Visual C++ Runtime library to try to install...I'm not sure if this is possible, or even where such a code should be placed in the setup. Thank you for the support, Vali

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• Throw blank even-numbered/left pages

  - by TimGJ

  I am trying to typeset a large document using ReportLab and Python 2.7. It has a number of sections (about 6 in a 1,000 page document) and I would like each to start on odd-numbered/right-hand page. I have no idea though whether the preceding page will be odd or even and so need the ability to optionally throw an additional blank page before a particular paragraph style (like you sometimes get in manuals where some pages are "intentionally left blank"). Can anyone suggest how this could be done, as the only conditional page break I can find works on the basis of the amount of text on the page not a page number. I also need to make sure that the blank page is included in the PDF so that double-sided printing works.

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• mutliprocessing.Pool.add_sync() eating up memory

  - by Austin

  I want to use multithreading to make my script faster... I'm still new to this. The Python doc assumes you already understand threading and what-not. So... I have code that looks like this from itertools import izip from multiprocessing import Pool p = Pool() for i, j in izip(hugeseta, hugesetb): p.apply_async(number_crunching, (i, j)) Which gives me great speed! However, hugeseta and hugesetb are really huge. Pool keeps all of the _i_s and _j_s in memory after they've finished their job (basically, print output to stdout). Is there any to del i, and j after they complete?

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• How to improve the speed of a loop containing a sqlalchemy query statement as conditional

  - by LtPinback

  This loop checks if a record is in the sqlite database and builds a list of dictionaries for those records that are missing and then executes a multiple insert statement with the list. This works but it is very slow (at least i think it is slow) as it takes 5 minutes to loop over 3500 queries. I am a complete newbie in python, sqlite and sqlalchemy so I wonder if there is a faster way of doing this. list_dict = [] session = Session() for data in data_list: if session.query(Class_object).filter(Class_object.column_name_01 == data[2]).filter(Class_object.column_name_00 == an_id).count() == 0: list_dict.append({'column_name_00':a_id, 'column_name_01':data[2]}) conn = engine.connect() conn.execute(prices.insert(),list_dict) conn.close() session.close() edit: I moved session = Session() outside the loop. Did not make a difference.

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• Hadoop Map Reduce job never finishes

  - by rohanbk

  I am running a Hadoop Map Reduce job using a Python Mapper and Reducer script, and Hadoop Streaming. Both my Map and Reduce jobs run till they are both 100%, but the job doesn't end. I know that when things go sour, Hadoop will terminate the job, but in this case, both stages reach a 100% and just never end. Has anyone else encountered anything similar? Also, how do I debug my program to figure out where things are going wrong? If I use a smaller input file, and I just run something like: $> cat input_file | mapper.py | sort | reduce.py >> output_file everything works perfectly fine. However, when I use Hadoop, things don't work out.

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• which language to choose for a LIVE web application?

  - by fayer

  i want to create not only a web application, but a web application where everything is LIVE. eg. if someone posts a message and then another one replies, then the creator will get on his webpage a notification. and also i want to implement a chat in the web application. i want these features to be implemented using true server-push (no javascript polling)! because i only want to create web applications i don't think i will use java. i wonder if i should use python, ruby or php for this? thanks

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• Why is memory management so visible in Java?

  - by Emil

  I'm playing around with writing some simple Spring-based web apps and deploying them to Tomcat. Almost immediately, I run into the need to customize the Tomcat's JVM settings with -XX:MaxPermSize (and -Xmx and -Xms); without this, the server easily runs out of PermGen space. Why is this such an issue for Java compared to other garbage collected languages? Comparing counts of "tune X memory usage" for X in Java, Ruby, Perl and Python, shows that Java has easily an order of magnitude more hits in Google than the other languages combined.

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• Adding a method to a function object at runtime

  - by Carson Myers

  I read a question earlier asking if there was a times method in Python, that would allow a function to be called n times in a row. Everyone suggested for _ in range(n): foo() but I wanted to try and code a different solution using a function decorator. Here's what I have: def times(self, n, *args, **kwargs): for _ in range(n): self.__call__(*args, **kwargs) import new def repeatable(func): func.times = new.instancemethod(times, func, func.__class__) @repeatable def threeArgs(one, two, three): print one, two, three threeArgs.times(7, "one", two="rawr", three="foo") When I run the program, I get the following exception: Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 244, in run_nodebug File "C:\py\repeatable.py", line 24, in threeArgs.times(7, "one", two="rawr", three="foo") AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'times' So I suppose the decorator didn't work? How can I fix this?

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• Running the script for the 2-nd time, the messages are not retrieved from the mail server

  - by Max Li

  I read the mails from my gmail account with the code following below. import poplib pop_conn = poplib.POP3_SSL('pop.gmail.com') pop_conn.user('user') # result: '+OK send PASS' pop_conn.pass_('password') # result: '+OK Welcome.' print pop_conn.list()[1] pop_conn.quit() It shows me 1 message as expected. However, if I run this script for the second time, I get 0 messages as result. On the server the message is still there and unread. How can I get all the messages also running the script for the second time? For me it behaves as an email client that doesn't download the same mail twice. Is there some flag to force the program to download everything again? I use python 2.7.x on ubuntu 12.10

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• String contains all the elements of a list

  - by CSSS

  I am shifting to Python, and am still relatively new to the pythonic approach. I want to write a function that takes a string and a list and returns true if all the elements in the list occur in the string. This seemed fairly simple. However, I am facing some difficulties with it. The code goes something like this: def myfun(str,list): for a in list: if not a in str: return False return True Example : myfun('tomato',['t','o','m','a']) should return true myfun('potato',['t','o','m','a']) should return false myfun('tomato',['t','o','m']) should return true Also, I was hoping if someone could suggest a possible regex approach here. I am trying out my hands on them too.

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