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• HDMI video connection cuts top and bottom borders of screen

  - by Luis Alvarado

  Ok this is an extension of another problem I had with a VGA connection and an Nvidia Geforce GT 440 card. Here is goes the explanation of this particular problem: I have a Soneview 32' TV. This TV has many connections including VGA (First reason I bought it), HDMI (Second reason but did not have a HDMI cable at that time) and DVI. I have had this TV for little over a month now, actually I had it to celebrate the release of Ubuntu 11.10 and started using it exactly on that date (I know too much fan there but hey, I like geek stuff). I started using it with the VGA cable. After 2 weeks I bought an Nvidia GT440 card. The previous 9500GT was working correctly with no problems whatsoever. I installed the GT440 and the first problem that I encountered using this latest card is mentioned here: Nvidia GT 440 black screen problem when loading lightdm greeter. The solution to this problem was to actually disconnect then connect again the VGA cable. This would result in the screen showing me the lightdm screen for my login. If I did not disconnect then connect the cable I could be there forever thinking that there is no video signal. I got tired of looking for answers that did not work and for solutions that made me literally have to install Ubuntu again. I just went and bought a HDMI cable and changed the VGA one for that one. It worked and I did not have to disconnect/connect the cable but now I have this problem when using any resolution. My normal resolution is 1920x1080 (This TV is 1080HD) so in VGA I could use this resolution with no problem, but on HDMI am getting the borders cut out. Here is a pic: As you can see from the PIC, the Launcher icons only show less than 50% of their witdh. Forget about the top and bottom parts, I can access them with the mouse but I can not visualize them in the screen. It is like it's outside of the TVs view. Basically there is like 20 to 30 pixels gone from all sides. I searched around and came to running xrand --verbose to see what it could detect from the TV. I got this: cyrex@cyrex:~$ xrandr --verbose xrandr: Failed to get size of gamma for output default Screen 0: minimum 320 x 175, current 1920 x 1080, maximum 1920 x 1080 default connected 1920x1080+0+0 (0x164) normal (normal) 0mm x 0mm Identifier: 0x163 Timestamp: 465485 Subpixel: unknown Clones: CRTC: 0 CRTCs: 0 Transform: 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 1.000000 filter: 1920x1080 (0x164) 103.7MHz *current h: width 1920 start 0 end 0 total 1920 skew 0 clock 54.0KHz v: height 1080 start 0 end 0 total 1080 clock 50.0Hz 1920x1080 (0x165) 105.8MHz h: width 1920 start 0 end 0 total 1920 skew 0 clock 55.1KHz v: height 1080 start 0 end 0 total 1080 clock 51.0Hz 1920x1080 (0x166) 107.8MHz h: width 1920 start 0 end 0 total 1920 skew 0 clock 56.2KHz v: height 1080 start 0 end 0 total 1080 clock 52.0Hz 1920x1080 (0x167) 109.9MHz h: width 1920 start 0 end 0 total 1920 skew 0 clock 57.2KHz v: height 1080 start 0 end 0 total 1080 clock 53.0Hz 1920x1080 (0x168) 112.0MHz h: width 1920 start 0 end 0 total 1920 skew 0 clock 58.3KHz v: height 1080 start 0 end 0 total 1080 clock 54.0Hz 1920x1080 (0x169) 114.0MHz h: width 1920 start 0 end 0 total 1920 skew 0 clock 59.4KHz v: height 1080 start 0 end 0 total 1080 clock 55.0Hz 1680x1050 (0x16a) 98.8MHz h: width 1680 start 0 end 0 total 1680 skew 0 clock 58.8KHz v: height 1050 start 0 end 0 total 1050 clock 56.0Hz 1680x1050 (0x16b) 100.5MHz h: width 1680 start 0 end 0 total 1680 skew 0 clock 59.9KHz v: height 1050 start 0 end 0 total 1050 clock 57.0Hz 1600x1024 (0x16c) 95.0MHz h: width 1600 start 0 end 0 total 1600 skew 0 clock 59.4KHz v: height 1024 start 0 end 0 total 1024 clock 58.0Hz 1440x900 (0x16d) 76.5MHz h: width 1440 start 0 end 0 total 1440 skew 0 clock 53.1KHz v: height 900 start 0 end 0 total 900 clock 59.0Hz 1360x768 (0x171) 65.8MHz h: width 1360 start 0 end 0 total 1360 skew 0 clock 48.4KHz v: height 768 start 0 end 0 total 768 clock 63.0Hz 1360x768 (0x172) 66.8MHz h: width 1360 start 0 end 0 total 1360 skew 0 clock 49.2KHz v: height 768 start 0 end 0 total 768 clock 64.0Hz 1280x1024 (0x173) 85.2MHz h: width 1280 start 0 end 0 total 1280 skew 0 clock 66.6KHz v: height 1024 start 0 end 0 total 1024 clock 65.0Hz 1280x960 (0x176) 83.6MHz h: width 1280 start 0 end 0 total 1280 skew 0 clock 65.3KHz v: height 960 start 0 end 0 total 960 clock 68.0Hz 1280x960 (0x177) 84.8MHz h: width 1280 start 0 end 0 total 1280 skew 0 clock 66.2KHz v: height 960 start 0 end 0 total 960 clock 69.0Hz 1280x720 (0x178) 64.5MHz h: width 1280 start 0 end 0 total 1280 skew 0 clock 50.4KHz v: height 720 start 0 end 0 total 720 clock 70.0Hz 1280x720 (0x179) 65.4MHz h: width 1280 start 0 end 0 total 1280 skew 0 clock 51.1KHz v: height 720 start 0 end 0 total 720 clock 71.0Hz 1280x720 (0x17a) 66.4MHz h: width 1280 start 0 end 0 total 1280 skew 0 clock 51.8KHz v: height 720 start 0 end 0 total 720 clock 72.0Hz 1152x864 (0x17b) 72.7MHz h: width 1152 start 0 end 0 total 1152 skew 0 clock 63.1KHz v: height 864 start 0 end 0 total 864 clock 73.0Hz 1152x864 (0x17c) 73.7MHz h: width 1152 start 0 end 0 total 1152 skew 0 clock 63.9KHz v: height 864 start 0 end 0 total 864 clock 74.0Hz ....Many Resolutions later... 320x200 (0x1d1) 10.2MHz h: width 320 start 0 end 0 total 320 skew 0 clock 31.8KHz v: height 200 start 0 end 0 total 200 clock 159.0Hz 320x175 (0x1d2) 9.0MHz h: width 320 start 0 end 0 total 320 skew 0 clock 28.0KHz v: height 175 start 0 end 0 total 175 clock 160.0Hz 1920x1080 (0x1dd) 333.8MHz h: width 1920 start 0 end 0 total 1920 skew 0 clock 173.9KHz v: height 1080 start 0 end 0 total 1080 clock 161.0Hz If it helps, the Refresh Rate at 1920x1080 is 60. There is a flickering effect at this resolution using HDMI but not VGA which I imagine is related to the borders cut off issue am asking here. I have also done the following but this will only solve the problem on lower resolutions than 1920x1080 or on others TV (My father has a Sony TV where this problem is also solved): NVIDIA WAY Go to Nvidia-Settings and there will be an option that will have more features if a HDMI cable is connected. In the next pic the option is DFP-1 (CNDLCD) but this name changes depending on what device the PC is connected to: Uncheck Force Full GPU Scaling What this will do for resolutions LOWER than 1920x1080 (At least in my case) is solve the flickering problem and fix the borders cut by the monitor. Save to Xorg.conf file the changes made after changing to a resolution acceptable to your eyes. TV WAY If you TV has OSD Menu and this menu has options for scanning the screen resolution or auto adjusting to it, disable them. Specifically the option about SCAN. If you have an option for AV Mode disable it. Basically disable any option that needs to scan and scale the resolution. Test one by one. In the case of my father's TV this did it. In my case, the Nvidia solved it for lower resolutions. NOTE: In the case this is not solved in the next couple of weeks I will add this as the answer but take into consideration that the issue is still active with 1920x1080 resolutions.

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• Eine komplette Virtualisierungslandschaft auf dem eigenen Laptop – So geht’s

  - by Manuel Hossfeld

  Eine komplette Virtualisierungslandschaftauf dem eigenen Laptop – So geht’s Wenn man sich mit dem Virtualisierungsprodukt Oracle VM in der aktuellen Version 3.x näher befassen möchte, bietet es sich natürlich an, eine eigene Umgebung zu Lern- und Testzwecken zu installieren. Doch leichter gesagt als getan: Bei näherer Betrachtung der Architektur wird man schnell feststellen, dass mehrere Rechner benötigt werden, um überhaupt alle Komponenten abbilden zu können: Zum einen gilt es, den oder die OVM Server selbst zu installieren. Das ist recht leicht und schnell erledigt, aber da Oracle VM ein „Typ 1 Hypervisor ist“ - also direkt auf dem Rechner („bare metal“) installiert wird – ist der eigenen Arbeits-PC oder Laptop dafür recht ungeeignet. (Eine Dual-Boot Umgebung wäre zwar denkbar, aber recht unpraktisch.) Zum anderen wird auch ein Rechner benötigt, auf dem der OVM Manager installiert wird. Im Gegensatz zum OVM Server erfolgt dessen Installation nicht „bare metal“, sondern auf einem bestehenden Oracle Linux. Aber was tun, wenn man gerade keinen Linux-Server griffbereit hat und auch keine extra Hardware dafür opfern will? Möchte man alle Funktionen von Oracle VM austesten, so sollte man zusätzlich über einen Shared Storag everüfugen. Dieser kann wahlweise über NFS oder über ein SAN (per iSCSI oder FibreChannel) angebunden werden. Zwar braucht man zum Testen nicht zwingend entsprechende „echte“ Storage-Hardware, aber auch die „Simulation“ entsprechender Komponenten erfordert zusätzliche Hardware mit entsprechendem freien Plattenplatz.(Alternativ können auch fertige „Software Storage Appliances“ wie z.B. OpenFiler oder FreeNAS verwendet werden). Angenommen, es stehen tatsächlich keine „echte“ Server- und Storage Hardware zur Verfügung, so benötigt man für die oben genannten drei Punkte  drei bzw. vier Rechner (PCs, Laptops...) - je nachdem ob man einen oder zwei OVM Server starten möchte. Erfreulicherweise geht es aber auch mit deutlich weniger Aufwand: Wie bereits kurz im Blogpost anlässlich des letzten OVM-Releases 3.1.1 beschrieben, ist die aktuelle Version in der Lage, selbst vollständig innerhalb von VirtualBox als Gast zu laufen. Wer bei dieser „doppelten Virtualisierung“ nun an das Prinzip der russischen Matroschka-Puppen denkt, liegt genau richtig. Oracle VM VirtualBox stellt dabei gewissermaßen die äußere Hülle dar – und da es sich bei VirtualBox im Gegensatz zu Oracle VM Server um einen „Typ 2 Hypervisor“ handelt, funktioniert dieser Ansatz auch auf einem „normalen“ Arbeits-PC bzw. Laptop, ohne dessen eigentliche Betriebsystem komplett zu überschreiben. Doch das beste dabei ist: Die Installation der jeweiligen VirtualBox VMs muss man nicht selber durchführen. Der OVM Manager als auch der OVM Server stehen bereits als vorgefertigte „VirtualBox Appliances“ im Oracle Technology Network zum Download zur Verfügung und müssen im Grunde nur noch importiert und konfiguriert werden. Das folgende Schaubild verdeutlicht das Prinzip: Die dunkelgrünen Bereiche stellen jeweils Instanzen der eben erwähnten VirtualBox Appliances für OVM Server und OVM Manager dar. (Hier im Bild sind zwei OVM Server zu sehen, als Minimum würde natürlich auch einer genügen. Dann können aber viele Features wie z.B. OVM HA nicht ausprobieren werden.) Als cleveren Trick zur Einsparung einer weiteren VM für Storage-Zwecke hat Wim Coekaerts (Senior Vice President of Linux and Virtualization Engineering bei Oracle), der „Erbauer“ der VirtualBox Appliances, die OVM Manager Appliance bereits so vorbereitet, dass diese gleichzeitig als NFS-Share (oder ggf. sogar als iSCSI Target) dienen kann. Dies beschreibt er auch kurz auf seinem Blog. Die hellgrünen Ovale stellen die VMs dar, welche dann innerhalb einer der virtualisierten OVM Server laufen können. Aufgrund der Tatsache, dass durch diese „doppelte Virtualisierung“ die Fähigkeit zur Hardware-Virtualisierung verloren geht, können diese „Nutz-VMs“ demzufolge nur paravirtualisiert sein (PVM). Die hier in blau eingezeichneten Netzwerk-Schnittstellen sind virtuelle Interfaces, welche beliebig innerhalb von VirtualBox eingerichtet werden können. Wer die verschiedenen Netzwerk-Rollen innerhalb von Oracle VM im Detail ausprobieren will, kann hier natürlich auch mehr als zwei dieser Interfaces konfigurieren. Die Vorteile dieser Lösung für Test- und Demozwecke liegen auf der Hand: Mit lediglich einem PC bzw. Laptop auf dem VirtualBox installiert ist, können alle oben genannten Komponenten installiert und genutzt werden – genügend RAM vorausgesetzt. Als Minimum darf hier 8GB gelten. Soll auf der „Host-Umgebung“ (also dem PC auf dem VirtualBox läuft) nebenbei noch gearbeiten werden und/oder mehrere „Nutz-VMs“ in dieser simulierten OVM-Server-Umgebung laufen, empfehlen sich natürlich eher 16GB oder mehr. Da die nötigen Schritte zum Installieren und initialen Konfigurieren der Umgebung ausführlich in einem entsprechenden Paper beschrieben sind, möchte ich im Rest dieses Artikels noch einige zusätzliche Tipps und Details erwähnen, welche einem das Leben etwas leichter machen können: Um möglichst entstpannt und mit zusätzlichen „Sicherheitsnetz“ an die Konfiguration der Umgebung herangehen zu können, empfiehlt es sich, ausgiebigen Gebrauch von der in VirtualBox eingebauten Funktionalität der VM Snapshots zu machen. Dies ermöglicht nicht nur ein Zurücksetzen falls einmal etwas schiefgehen sollte, sondern auch ein beliebiges Wiederholen von bereits absolvierten Teilschritten (z.B. um eine andere Idee oder Variante der Umgebung auszuprobieren). Sowohl bei den gerade erwähnten Snapshots als auch bei den VMs selbst sollte man aussagekräftige Namen verwenden. So ist sichergestellt, dass man nicht durcheinander kommt und auch nach ein paar Wochen noch weiß, welche Umgebung man da eigentlich vor sich hat. Dies beinhaltet auch die genaue Versions- und Buildnr. des jeweiligen OVM-Releases. (Siehe dazu auch folgenden Screenshot.) Weitere Informationen und Details zum aktuellen Zustand sowie Zweck der jeweiligen VMs kann in dem oft übersehenen Beschreibungsfeld hinterlegt werden. Es empfiehlt sich, bereits VOR der Installation einen Notizzettel (oder eine Textdatei) mit den geplanten IP-Adressen und Namen für die VMs zu erstellen. (Nicht vergessen: Auch der Server Pool benötigt eine eigene IP.) Dabei sollte man auch nochmal die tatsächlichen Netzwerke der zu verwendenden Virtualbox-Interfaces prüfen und notieren. Achtung: Es gibt im Rahmen der Installation einige Passworte, die vom Nutzer gesetzt werden können – und solche, die zunächst fest eingestellt sind. Zu letzterem gehört das Passwort für den ovs-agent sowie den root-User auf den OVM Servern, welche beide per Default „ovsroot“ lauten. (Alle weiteren Passwort-Informationen sind in dem „Read me first“ Dokument zu finden, welches auf dem Desktop der OVM Manager VM liegt.) Aufpassen muss man ggf. auch in der initialen „Interview-Phase“ welche die VirtualBox VMs durchlaufen, nachdem sie das erste mal gebootet werden. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt ist nämlich auf jeden Fall noch die amerikanische Tastaturbelegung aktiv, so dass man z.B. besser kein „y“ und „z“ in seinem selbst gewählten Passwort verwendet. Aufgrund der Tatsache, dass wie oben erwähnt der OVM Manager auch gleichzeitig den Shared Storage bereitstellt, sollte darauf geachtet werden, dass dessen VM vor den OVM Server VMs gestartet wird. (Andernfalls „findet“ der dem OVM Server Pool zugrundeliegende Cluster sein sog. „Server Pool File System“ nicht.)

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• MySQL – Scalability on Amazon RDS: Scale out to multiple RDS instances

  - by Pinal Dave

  Today, I’d like to discuss getting better MySQL scalability on Amazon RDS. The question of the day: “What can you do when a MySQL database needs to scale write-intensive workloads beyond the capabilities of the largest available machine on Amazon RDS?” Let’s take a look. In a typical EC2/RDS set-up, users connect to app servers from their mobile devices and tablets, computers, browsers, etc.  Then app servers connect to an RDS instance (web/cloud services) and in some cases they might leverage some read-only replicas.   Figure 1. A typical RDS instance is a single-instance database, with read replicas.  This is not very good at handling high write-based throughput. As your application becomes more popular you can expect an increasing number of users, more transactions, and more accumulated data.  User interactions can become more challenging as the application adds more sophisticated capabilities. The result of all this positive activity: your MySQL database will inevitably begin to experience scalability pressures. What can you do? Broadly speaking, there are four options available to improve MySQL scalability on RDS. 1. Larger RDS Instances – If you’re not already using the maximum available RDS instance, you can always scale up – to larger hardware.  Bigger CPUs, more compute power, more memory et cetera. But the largest available RDS instance is still limited.  And they get expensive. “High-Memory Quadruple Extra Large DB Instance”: 68 GB of memory 26 ECUs (8 virtual cores with 3.25 ECUs each) 64-bit platform High I/O Capacity Provisioned IOPS Optimized: 1000Mbps 2. Provisioned IOPs – You can get provisioned IOPs and higher throughput on the I/O level. However, there is a hard limit with a maximum instance size and maximum number of provisioned IOPs you can buy from Amazon and you simply cannot scale beyond these hardware specifications. 3. Leverage Read Replicas – If your application permits, you can leverage read replicas to offload some reads from the master databases. But there are a limited number of replicas you can utilize and Amazon generally requires some modifications to your existing application. And read-replicas don’t help with write-intensive applications. 4. Multiple Database Instances – Amazon offers a fourth option: “You can implement partitioning,thereby spreading your data across multiple database Instances” (Link) However, Amazon does not offer any guidance or facilities to help you with this. “Multiple database instances” is not an RDS feature.  And Amazon doesn’t explain how to implement this idea. In fact, when asked, this is the response on an Amazon forum: Q: Is there any documents that describe the partition DB across multiple RDS? I need to use DB with more 1TB but exist a limitation during the create process, but I read in the any FAQ that you need to partition database, but I don’t find any documents that describe it. A: “DB partitioning/sharding is not an official feature of Amazon RDS or MySQL, but a technique to scale out database by using multiple database instances. The appropriate way to split data depends on the characteristics of the application or data set. Therefore, there is no concrete and specific guidance.” So now what? The answer is to scale out with ScaleBase. Amazon RDS with ScaleBase: What you get – MySQL Scalability! ScaleBase is specifically designed to scale out a single MySQL RDS instance into multiple MySQL instances. Critically, this is accomplished with no changes to your application code.  Your application continues to “see” one database.   ScaleBase does all the work of managing and enforcing an optimized data distribution policy to create multiple MySQL instances. With ScaleBase, data distribution, transactions, concurrency control, and two-phase commit are all 100% transparent and 100% ACID-compliant, so applications, services and tooling continue to interact with your distributed RDS as if it were a single MySQL instance. The result: now you can cost-effectively leverage multiple MySQL RDS instance to scale out write-intensive workloads to an unlimited number of users, transactions, and data. Amazon RDS with ScaleBase: What you keep – Everything! And how does this change your Amazon environment? 1. Keep your application, unchanged – There is no change your application development life-cycle at all.  You still use your existing development tools, frameworks and libraries.  Application quality assurance and testing cycles stay the same. And, critically, you stay with an ACID-compliant MySQL environment. 2. Keep your RDS value-added services – The value-added services that you rely on are all still available. Amazon will continue to handle database maintenance and updates for you. You can still leverage High Availability via Multi A-Z.  And, if it benefits youra application throughput, you can still use read replicas. 3. Keep your RDS administration – Finally the RDS monitoring and provisioning tools you rely on still work as they did before. With your one large MySQL instance, now split into multiple instances, you can actually use less expensive, smallersmaller available RDS hardware and continue to see better database performance. Conclusion Amazon RDS is a tremendous service, but it doesn’t offer solutions to scale beyond a single MySQL instance. Larger RDS instances get more expensive.  And when you max-out on the available hardware, you’re stuck.  Amazon recommends scaling out your single instance into multiple instances for transaction-intensive apps, but offers no services or guidance to help you. This is where ScaleBase comes in to save the day. It gives you a simple and effective way to create multiple MySQL RDS instances, while removing all the complexities typically caused by “DIY” sharding andwith no changes to your applications . With ScaleBase you continue to leverage the AWS/RDS ecosystem: commodity hardware and value added services like read replicas, multi A-Z, maintenance/updates and administration with monitoring tools and provisioning. SCALEBASE ON AMAZON If you’re curious to try ScaleBase on Amazon, it can be found here – Download NOW. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com)Filed under: MySQL, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Optimization, SQL Performance, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL

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• The Proper Use of the VM Role in Windows Azure

  - by BuckWoody

  At the Professional Developer’s Conference (PDC) in 2010 we announced an addition to the Computational Roles in Windows Azure, called the VM Role. This new feature allows a great deal of control over the applications you write, but some have confused it with our full infrastructure offering in Windows Hyper-V. There is a proper architecture pattern for both of them. Virtualization Virtualization is the process of taking all of the hardware of a physical computer and replicating it in software alone. This means that a single computer can “host” or run several “virtual” computers. These virtual computers can run anywhere - including at a vendor’s location. Some companies refer to this as Cloud Computing since the hardware is operated and maintained elsewhere. IaaS The more detailed definition of this type of computing is called Infrastructure as a Service (Iaas) since it removes the need for you to maintain hardware at your organization. The operating system, drivers, and all the other software required to run an application are still under your control and your responsibility to license, patch, and scale. Microsoft has an offering in this space called Hyper-V, that runs on the Windows operating system. Combined with a hardware hosting vendor and the System Center software to create and deploy Virtual Machines (a process referred to as provisioning), you can create a Cloud environment with full control over all aspects of the machine, including multiple operating systems if you like. Hosting machines and provisioning them at your own buildings is sometimes called a Private Cloud, and hosting them somewhere else is often called a Public Cloud. State-ful and Stateless Programming This paradigm does not create a new, scalable way of computing. It simply moves the hardware away. The reason is that when you limit the Cloud efforts to a Virtual Machine, you are in effect limiting the computing resources to what that single system can provide. This is because much of the software developed in this environment maintains “state” - and that requires a little explanation. “State-ful programming” means that all parts of the computing environment stay connected to each other throughout a compute cycle. The system expects the memory, CPU, storage and network to remain in the same state from the beginning of the process to the end. You can think of this as a telephone conversation - you expect that the other person picks up the phone, listens to you, and talks back all in a single unit of time. In “Stateless” computing the system is designed to allow the different parts of the code to run independently of each other. You can think of this like an e-mail exchange. You compose an e-mail from your system (it has the state when you’re doing that) and then you walk away for a bit to make some coffee. A few minutes later you click the “send” button (the network has the state) and you go to a meeting. The server receives the message and stores it on a mail program’s database (the mail server has the state now) and continues working on other mail. Finally, the other party logs on to their mail client and reads the mail (the other user has the state) and responds to it and so on. These events might be separated by milliseconds or even days, but the system continues to operate. The entire process doesn’t maintain the state, each component does. This is the exact concept behind coding for Windows Azure. The stateless programming model allows amazing rates of scale, since the message (think of the e-mail) can be broken apart by multiple programs and worked on in parallel (like when the e-mail goes to hundreds of users), and only the order of re-assembling the work is important to consider. For the exact same reason, if the system makes copies of those running programs as Windows Azure does, you have built-in redundancy and recovery. It’s just built into the design. The Difference Between Infrastructure Designs and Platform Designs When you simply take a physical server running software and virtualize it either privately or publicly, you haven’t done anything to allow the code to scale or have recovery. That all has to be handled by adding more code and more Virtual Machines that have a slight lag in maintaining the running state of the system. Add more machines and you get more lag, so the scale is limited. This is the primary limitation with IaaS. It’s also not as easy to deploy these VM’s, and more importantly, you’re often charged on a longer basis to remove them. your agility in IaaS is more limited. Windows Azure is a Platform - meaning that you get objects you can code against. The code you write runs on multiple nodes with multiple copies, and it all works because of the magic of Stateless programming. you don’t worry, or even care, about what is running underneath. It could be Windows (and it is in fact a type of Windows Server), Linux, or anything else - but that' isn’t what you want to manage, monitor, maintain or license. You don’t want to deploy an operating system - you want to deploy an application. You want your code to run, and you don’t care how it does that. Another benefit to PaaS is that you can ask for hundreds or thousands of new nodes of computing power - there’s no provisioning, it just happens. And you can stop using them quicker - and the base code for your application does not have to change to make this happen. Windows Azure Roles and Their Use If you need your code to have a user interface, in Visual Studio you add a Web Role to your project, and if the code needs to do work that doesn’t involve a user interface you can add a Worker Role. They are just containers that act a certain way. I’ll provide more detail on those later. Note: That’s a general description, so it’s not entirely accurate, but it’s accurate enough for this discussion. So now we’re back to that VM Role. Because of the name, some have mistakenly thought that you can take a Virtual Machine running, say Linux, and deploy it to Windows Azure using this Role. But you can’t. That’s not what it is designed for at all. If you do need that kind of deployment, you should look into Hyper-V and System Center to create the Private or Public Infrastructure as a Service. What the VM Role is actually designed to do is to allow you to have a great deal of control over the system where your code will run. Let’s take an example. You’ve heard about Windows Azure, and Platform programming. You’re convinced it’s the right way to code. But you have a lot of things you’ve written in another way at your company. Re-writing all of your code to take advantage of Windows Azure will take a long time. Or perhaps you have a certain version of Apache Web Server that you need for your code to work. In both cases, you think you can (or already have) code the the software to be “Stateless”, you just need more control over the place where the code runs. That’s the place where a VM Role makes sense. Recap Virtualizing servers alone has limitations of scale, availability and recovery. Microsoft’s offering in this area is Hyper-V and System Center, not the VM Role. The VM Role is still used for running Stateless code, just like the Web and Worker Roles, with the exception that it allows you more control over the environment of where that code runs.

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• Guide to reduce TFS database growth using the Test Attachment Cleaner

  - by terje

  Recently there has been several reports on TFS databases growing too fast and growing too big.  Notable this has been observed when one has started to use more features of the Testing system.  Also, the TFS 2010 handles test results differently from TFS 2008, and this leads to more data stored in the TFS databases. As a consequence of this there has been released some tools to remove unneeded data in the database, and also some fixes to correct for bugs which has been found and corrected during this process.  Further some preventive practices and maintenance rules should be adopted. A lot of people have blogged about this, among these are: Anu’s very important blog post here describes both the problem and solutions to handle it.  She describes both the Test Attachment Cleaner tool, and also some QFE/CU releases to fix some underlying bugs which prevented the tool from being fully effective. Brian Harry’s blog post here describes the problem too This forum thread describes the problem with some solution hints. Ravi Shanker’s blog post here describes best practices on solving this (TBP) Grant Holidays blogpost here describes strategies to use the Test Attachment Cleaner both to detect space problems and how to rectify them.   The problem can be divided into the following areas: Publishing of test results from builds Publishing of manual test results and their attachments in particular Publishing of deployment binaries for use during a test run Bugs in SQL server preventing total cleanup of data (All the published data above is published into the TFS database as attachments.) The test results will include all data being collected during the run.  Some of this data can grow rather large, like IntelliTrace logs and video recordings.   Also the pushing of binaries which happen for automated test runs, including tests run during a build using code coverage which will include all the files in the deployment folder, contributes a lot to the size of the attached data.   In order to handle this systematically, I have set up a 3-stage process: Find out if you have a database space issue Set up your TFS server to minimize potential database issues If you have the “problem”, clean up the database and otherwise keep it clean   Analyze the data Are your database( s) growing ?  Are unused test results growing out of proportion ? To find out about this you need to query your TFS database for some of the information, and use the Test Attachment Cleaner (TAC) to obtain some  more detailed information. If you don’t have too many databases you can use the SQL Server reports from within the Management Studio to analyze the database and table sizes. Or, you can use a set of queries . I find queries often faster to use because I can tweak them the way I want them.  But be aware that these queries are non-documented and non-supported and may change when the product team wants to change them. If you have multiple Project Collections, find out which might have problems: (Disclaimer: The queries below work on TFS 2010. They will not work on Dev-11, since the table structure have been changed.  I will try to update them for Dev-11 when it is released.) Open a SQL Management Studio session onto the SQL Server where you have your TFS Databases. Use the query below to find the Project Collection databases and their sizes, in descending size order.  use master select DB_NAME(database_id) AS DBName, (size/128) SizeInMB FROM sys.master_files where type=0 and substring(db_name(database_id),1,4)='Tfs_' and DB_NAME(database_id)<>'Tfs_Configuration' order by size desc Doing this on one of our SQL servers gives the following results: It is pretty easy to see on which collection to start the work   Find out which tables are possibly too large Keep a special watch out for the Tfs_Attachment table. Use the script at the bottom of Grant’s blog to find the table sizes in descending size order. In our case we got this result: From Grant’s blog we learnt that the tbl_Content is in the Version Control category, so the major only big issue we have here is the tbl_AttachmentContent.   Find out which team projects have possibly too large attachments In order to use the TAC to find and eventually delete attachment data we need to find out which team projects have these attachments. The team project is a required parameter to the TAC. Use the following query to find this, replace the collection database name with whatever applies in your case:   use Tfs_DefaultCollection select p.projectname, sum(a.compressedlength)/1024/1024 as sizeInMB from dbo.tbl_Attachment as a inner join tbl_testrun as tr on a.testrunid=tr.testrunid inner join tbl_project as p on p.projectid=tr.projectid group by p.projectname order by sum(a.compressedlength) desc In our case we got this result (had to remove some names), out of more than 100 team projects accumulated over quite some years: As can be seen here it is pretty obvious the “Byggtjeneste – Projects” are the main team project to take care of, with the ones on lines 2-4 as the next ones.  Check which attachment types takes up the most space It can be nice to know which attachment types takes up the space, so run the following query: use Tfs_DefaultCollection select a.attachmenttype, sum(a.compressedlength)/1024/1024 as sizeInMB from dbo.tbl_Attachment as a inner join tbl_testrun as tr on a.testrunid=tr.testrunid inner join tbl_project as p on p.projectid=tr.projectid group by a.attachmenttype order by sum(a.compressedlength) desc We then got this result: From this it is pretty obvious that the problem here is the binary files, as also mentioned in Anu’s blog. Check which file types, by their extension, takes up the most space Run the following query use Tfs_DefaultCollection select SUBSTRING(filename,len(filename)-CHARINDEX('.',REVERSE(filename))+2,999)as Extension, sum(compressedlength)/1024 as SizeInKB from tbl_Attachment group by SUBSTRING(filename,len(filename)-CHARINDEX('.',REVERSE(filename))+2,999) order by sum(compressedlength) desc This gives a result like this:   Now you should have collected enough information to tell you what to do – if you got to do something, and some of the information you need in order to set up your TAC settings file, both for a cleanup and for scheduled maintenance later.    Get your TFS server and environment properly set up Even if you have got the problem or if have yet not got the problem, you should ensure the TFS server is set up so that the risk of getting into this problem is minimized.  To ensure this you should install the following set of updates and components. The assumption is that your TFS Server is at SP1 level. Install the QFE for KB2608743 – which also contains detailed instructions on its use, download from here. The QFE changes the default settings to not upload deployed binaries, which are used in automated test runs. Binaries will still be uploaded if: Code coverage is enabled in the test settings. You change the UploadDeploymentItem to true in the testsettings file. Be aware that this might be reset back to false by another user which haven't installed this QFE. The hotfix should be installed to The build servers (the build agents) The machine hosting the Test Controller Local development computers (Visual Studio) Local test computers (MTM) It is not required to install it to the TFS Server, test agents or the build controller – it has no effect on these programs. If you use the SQL Server 2008 R2 you should also install the CU 10 (or later).  This CU fixes a potential problem of hanging “ghost” files.  This seems to happen only in certain trigger situations, but to ensure it doesn’t bite you, it is better to make sure this CU is installed. There is no such CU for SQL Server 2008 pre-R2 Work around:  If you suspect hanging ghost files, they can be – with some mental effort, deduced from the ghost counters using the following SQL query: use master SELECT DB_NAME(database_id) as 'database',OBJECT_NAME(object_id) as 'objectname', index_type_desc,ghost_record_count,version_ghost_record_count,record_count,avg_record_size_in_bytes FROM sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats (DB_ID(N'<DatabaseName>'), OBJECT_ID(N'<TableName>'), NULL, NULL , 'DETAILED') The problem is a stalled ghost cleanup process.  Restarting the SQL server after having stopped all components that depends on it, like the TFS Server and SPS services – that is all applications that connect to the SQL server. Then restart the SQL server, and finally start up all dependent processes again.  (I would guess a complete server reboot would do the trick too.) After this the ghost cleanup process will run properly again. The fix will come in the next CU cycle for SQL Server R2 SP1.  The R2 pre-SP1 and R2 SP1 have separate maintenance cycles, and are maintained individually. Each have its own set of CU’s. When it comes I will add the link here to that CU. The "hanging ghost file” issue came up after one have run the TAC, and deleted enourmes amount of data.  The SQL Server can get into this hanging state (without the QFE) in certain cases due to this. And of course, install and set up the Test Attachment Cleaner command line power tool.  This should be done following some guidelines from Ravi Shanker: “When you run TAC, ensure that you are deleting small chunks of data at regular intervals (say run TAC every night at 3AM to delete data that is between age 730 to 731 days) – this will ensure that small amounts of data are being deleted and SQL ghosted record cleanup can catch up with the number of deletes performed. “ This rule minimizes the risk of the ghosted hang problem to occur, and further makes it easier for the SQL server ghosting process to work smoothly. “Run DBCC SHRINKDB post the ghosted records are cleaned up to physically reclaim the space on the file system” This is the last step in a 3 step process of removing SQL server data. First they are logically deleted. Then they are cleaned out by the ghosting process, and finally removed using the shrinkdb command. Cleaning out the attachments The TAC is run from the command line using a set of parameters and controlled by a settingsfile.  The parameters point out a server uri including the team project collection and also point at a specific team project. So in order to run this for multiple team projects regularly one has to set up a script to run the TAC multiple times, once for each team project.  When you install the TAC there is a very useful readme file in the same directory. When the deployment binaries are published to the TFS server, ALL items are published up from the deployment folder. That often means much more files than you would assume are necessary. This is a brute force technique. It works, but you need to take care when cleaning up. Grant has shown how their settings file looks in his blog post, removing all attachments older than 180 days , as long as there are no active workitems connected to them. This setting can be useful to clean out all items, both in a clean-up once operation, and in a general There are two scenarios we need to consider: Cleaning up an existing overgrown database Maintaining a server to avoid an overgrown database using scheduled TAC   1. Cleaning up a database which has grown too big due to these attachments. This job is a “Once” job.  We do this once and then move on to make sure it won’t happen again, by taking the actions in 2) below.  In this scenario you should only consider the large files. Your goal should be to simply reduce the size, and don’t bother about  the smaller stuff. That can be left a scheduled TAC cleanup ( 2 below). Here you can use a very general settings file, and just remove the large attachments, or you can choose to remove any old items.  Grant’s settings file is an example of the last one.  A settings file to remove only large attachments could look like this: <!-- Scenario : Remove large files --> <DeletionCriteria> <TestRun /> <Attachment> <SizeInMB GreaterThan="10" /> </Attachment> </DeletionCriteria> Or like this: If you want only to remove dll’s and pdb’s about that size, add an Extensions-section.  Without that section, all extensions will be deleted. <!-- Scenario : Remove large files of type dll's and pdb's --> <DeletionCriteria> <TestRun /> <Attachment> <SizeInMB GreaterThan="10" /> <Extensions> <Include value="dll" /> <Include value="pdb" /> </Extensions> </Attachment> </DeletionCriteria> Before you start up your scheduled maintenance, you should clear out all older items. 2. Scheduled maintenance using the TAC If you run a schedule every night, and remove old items, and also remove them in small batches.  It is important to run this often, like every night, in order to keep the number of deleted items low. That way the SQL ghost process works better. One approach could be to delete all items older than some number of days, let’s say 180 days. This could be combined with restricting it to keep attachments with active or resolved bugs.  Doing this every night ensures that only small amounts of data is deleted. <!-- Scenario : Remove old items except if they have active or resolved bugs --> <DeletionCriteria> <TestRun> <AgeInDays OlderThan="180" /> </TestRun> <Attachment /> <LinkedBugs> <Exclude state="Active" /> <Exclude state="Resolved"/> </LinkedBugs> </DeletionCriteria> In my experience there are projects which are left with active or resolved workitems, akthough no further work is done.  It can be wise to have a cleanup process with no restrictions on linked bugs at all. Note that you then have to remove the whole LinkedBugs section. A approach which could work better here is to do a two step approach, use the schedule above to with no LinkedBugs as a sweeper cleaning task taking away all data older than you could care about.  Then have another scheduled TAC task to take out more specifically attachments that you are not likely to use. This task could be much more specific, and based on your analysis clean out what you know is troublesome data. <!-- Scenario : Remove specific files early --> <DeletionCriteria> <TestRun > <AgeInDays OlderThan="30" /> </TestRun> <Attachment> <SizeInMB GreaterThan="10" /> <Extensions> <Include value="iTrace"/> <Include value="dll"/> <Include value="pdb"/> <Include value="wmv"/> </Extensions> </Attachment> <LinkedBugs> <Exclude state="Active" /> <Exclude state="Resolved" /> </LinkedBugs> </DeletionCriteria> The readme document for the TAC says that it recognizes “internal” extensions, but it does recognize any extension. To run the tool do the following command: tcmpt attachmentcleanup /collection:your_tfs_collection_url /teamproject:your_team_project /settingsfile:path_to_settingsfile /outputfile:%temp%/teamproject.tcmpt.log /mode:delete   Shrinking the database You could run a shrink database command after the TAC has run in cases where there are a lot of data being deleted.  In this case you SHOULD do it, to free up all that space.  But, after the shrink operation you should do a rebuild indexes, since the shrink operation will leave the database in a very fragmented state, which will reduce performance. Note that you need to rebuild indexes, reorganizing is not enough. For smaller amounts of data you should NOT shrink the database, since the data will be reused by the SQL server when it need to add more records.  In fact, it is regarded as a bad practice to shrink the database regularly.  So on a daily maintenance schedule you should NOT shrink the database. To shrink the database you do a DBCC SHRINKDATABASE command, and then follow up with a DBCC INDEXDEFRAG afterwards.  I find the easiest way to do this is to create a SQL Maintenance plan including the Shrink Database Task and the Rebuild Index Task and just execute it when you need to do this.

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• Tips for XNA WP7 Developers

  - by Michael B. McLaughlin

  There are several things any XNA developer should know/consider when coming to the Windows Phone 7 platform. This post assumes you are familiar with the XNA Framework and with the changes between XNA 3.1 and XNA 4.0. It’s not exhaustive; it’s simply a list of things I’ve gathered over time. I may come back and add to it over time, and I’m happy to add anything anyone else has experienced or learned as well. Display · The screen is either 800x480 or 480x800. · But you aren’t required to use only those resolutions. · The hardware scaler on the phone will scale up from 240x240. · One dimension will be capped at 800 and the other at 480; which depends on your code, but you cannot have, e.g., an 800x600 back buffer – that will be created as 800x480. · The hardware scaler will not normally change aspect ratio, though, so no unintended stretching. · Any dimension (width, height, or both) below 240 will be adjusted to 240 (without any aspect ratio adjustment such that, e.g. 200x240 will be treated as 240x240). · Dimensions below 240 will be honored in terms of calculating whether to use portrait or landscape. · If dimensions are exactly equal or if height is greater than width then game will be in portrait. · If width is greater than height, the game will be in landscape. · Landscape games will automatically flip if the user turns the phone 180°; no code required. · Default landscape is top = left. In other words a user holding a phone who starts a landscape game will see the first image presented so that the “top” of the screen is along the right edge of his/her phone, such that the natural behavior would be to turn the phone 90° so that the top of the phone will be held in the user’s left hand and the bottom would be held in the user’s right hand. · The status bar (where the clock, battery power, etc., are found) is hidden when the Game-derived class sets GraphicsDeviceManager.IsFullScreen = true. It is shown when IsFullScreen = false. The default value is false (i.e. the status bar is shown). · You should have a good reason for hiding the status bar. Users find it helpful to know what time it is, how much charge their battery has left, and whether or not their phone is in service range. This is especially true for casual games that you expect someone to play for a few minutes at a time, e.g. while waiting for some event to start, for a phone call to come in, or for a train, bus, or subway to arrive. · In portrait mode, the status bar occupies 32 pixels of space. This means that a game with a back buffer of 480x800 will be scaled down to occupy approximately 461x768 screen pixels. Setting the back buffer to 480x768 (or some resolution with the same 0.625 aspect ratio) will avoid this scaling. · In landscape mode, the status bar occupies 72 pixels of space. This means that a game with a back buffer of 800x480 will be scaled down to occupy approximately 728x437 screen pixels. Setting the back buffer to 728x480 (or some resolution with the same 1.51666667 aspect ratio) will avoid this scaling. Input · Touch input is scaled with screen size. · So if your back buffer is 600x360, a tap in the bottom right corner will come in as (599,359). You don’t need to do anything special to get this automatic scaling of touch behavior. · If you do not use full area of the screen, any touch input outside the area you use will still register as a touch input. For example, if you set a portrait resolution of 240x240, it would be scaled up to occupy a 480x480 area, centered in the screen. If you touch anywhere above this area, you will get a touch input of (X,0) where X is a number from 0 to 239 (in accordance with your 240 pixel wide back buffer). Any touch below this area will give a touch input of (X,239). · If you keep the status bar visible, touches within its area will not be passed to your game. · In general, a screen measurement is the diagonal. So a 3.5” screen is 3.5” long from the bottom right corner to the top left corner. With an aspect ratio of 0.6 (480/800 = 0.6), this means that a phone with a 3.5” screen is only approximately 1.8” wide by 3” tall. So there are approximately 267 pixels in an inch on a 3.5” screen. · Again, this time in metric! 3.5 inches is approximately 8.89 cm. So an 8.89 cm screen is 8.89 cm long from the bottom right corner to the top left corner. With an aspect ratio of 0.6, this means that a phone with an 8.89 cm screen is only approximately 4.57 cm wide by 7.62 cm tall. So there are approximately 105 pixels in a centimeter on an 8.89 cm screen. · Think about the size of your finger tip. If you do not have large hands, think about the size of the fingertip of someone with large hands. Consider that when you are sizing your touch input. Especially consider that when you are spacing two touch targets near one another. You need to judge it for yourself, but items that are next to each other and are each 100x100 should be fine when it comes to selecting items individually. Smaller targets than that are ok provided that you leave space between them. · You want your users to have a pleasant experience. Making touch controls too small or too close to one another will make them nervous about whether they will touch the right target. Take this into account when you plan out your game initially. If possible, do some quick size mockups on an actual phone using colored rectangles that you position and size where you plan to have your game controls. Adjust as necessary. · People do not have transparent hands! Nor are their hands the size of a mouse pointer icon. Consider leaving a dedicated space for input rather than forcing the user to cover up to one-third of the screen with a finger just to play the game. · Another benefit of designing your controls to use a dedicated area is that you’re less likely to have players moving their finger(s) so frantically that they accidentally hit the back button, start button, or search button (many phones have one or more of these on the screen itself – it’s easy to hit one by accident and really annoying if you hit, e.g., the search button and then quickly tap back only to find out that the game didn’t save your progress such that you just wasted all the time you spent playing). · People do not like doing somersaults in order to move something forward with accelerometer-based controls. Test your accelerometer-based controls extensively and get a lot of feedback. Very well-known games from noted publishers have created really bad accelerometer controls and been virtually unplayable as a result. Also be wary of exceptions and other possible failures that the documentation warns about. · When done properly, the accelerometer can add a nice touch to your game (see, e.g. ilomilo where the accelerometer was used to move the background; it added a nice touch without frustrating the user; I also think CarniVale does direct accelerometer controls very well). However, if done poorly, it will make your game an abomination unto the Marketplace. Days, weeks, perhaps even months of development time that you will never get back. I won’t name names; you can search the marketplace for games with terrible reviews and you’ll find them. Graphics · The maximum frame rate is 30 frames per second. This was set as a compromise between battery life and quality. · At least one model of phone is known to have a screen refresh rate that is between 59 and 60 hertz. Because of this, using a fixed time step with a target frame rate of 30 will cause a slight internal delay to build up as the framework is forced to wait slightly for the next refresh. Eventually the delay will get to the point where a draw is skipped in order to recover from the delay. (See Nick's comment below for clarification.) · To deal with that delay, you can either stay with a fixed time step and set the frame rate slightly lower or else you can go to a variable time step and make sure to adjust all of your update data (e.g. player movement distance) to take into account the elapsed time from the last update. A variable time step makes your update logic slightly more complicated but will avoid frame skips entirely. · Currently there are no custom shaders. This might change in the future (there is no hardware limitation preventing it; it simply wasn’t a feature that could be implemented in the time available before launch). · There are five built-in shaders. You can create a lot of nice effects with the built-in shaders. · There is more power on the CPU than there is on the GPU so things you might typically off-load to the GPU will instead make sense to do on the CPU side. · This is a phone. It is not a PC. It is not an Xbox 360. The emulator runs on a PC and uses the full power of your PC. It is very good for testing your code for bugs and doing early prototyping and layout. You should not use it to measure performance. Use actual phone hardware instead. · There are many phone models, each of which has slightly different performance levels for I/O, screen blitting, CPU performance, etc. Do not take your game right to the performance limit on your phone since for some other phones you might be crossing their limits and leaving players with a bad experience. Leave a cushion to account for hardware differences. · Smaller screened phones will have slightly more dots per inch (dpi). Larger screened phones will have slightly less. Either way, the dpi will be much higher than the typical 96 found on most computer screens. Make sure that whoever is doing art for your game takes this into account. · Screens are only required to have 16 bit color (65,536 colors). This is common among smart phones. Using gradients on a 16 bit display can produce an ugly artifact known as banding. Banding is when, rather than a smooth transition from one color to another, you instead see distinct lines. Be careful to avoid this when possible. Banding can be avoided through careful art creation. Its effects can be minimized and even unnoticeable when the texture in question is always moving. You should be careful not to rely on “looks good on my phone” since some phones do have 32-bit displays and thus you’ll find yourself wondering why you’re getting bad reviews that complain about the graphics. Avoid gradients; if you can’t, make sure they are 16-bit safe. Audio · Never rely on sounds as your sole signal to the player that something is happening in the game. They might have the sound off. They might be playing somewhere loud. Etc. · You have to provide controls to disable sound & music. These should be separate. · On at least one model of phone, the volume control API currently has no effect. Players can adjust sound with their hardware volume buttons, but in game selectors simply won’t work. As such, it may not be worth the effort of providing anything beyond on/off switches for sound and music. · MediaPlayer.GameHasControl will return true when a game is hooked up to a PC running Zune. When Zune is running, any attempts to do anything (beyond check GameHasControl) with MediaPlayer will cause an exception to be thrown. If this exception is thrown, catch it and disable music. Exceptions take time to propagate; you don’t want one popping up in every single run of your game’s Update method. · Remember that players can already be listening to music or using the FM radio. In this case GameHasControl will be false and you should handle this appropriately. You can, alternately, ask the player for permission to stop their current music and play your music instead, but the (current) requirement that you restore their music when done is very hard (if not impossible) to deal with. · You can still play sound effects even when the game doesn’t have control of the music, but don’t think this is a backdoor to playing music. Your game will fail certification if your “sound effect” seems to be more like music in scope and length.

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• XSD: how to use 'unique' & 'key'/'keyref' with element values?

  - by Koohoolinn

  I trying to use and / with element values but I just can't get it to work. If I do it with attrubute values it works like a charm. Test.xml <test:config xmlns:test="http://www.example.org/Test" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.example.org/Test Test.xsd "> <test:location id="id1" path="/path2"> <test:roles> <test:role>role1</test:role> <test:role>role2</test:role> <test:role>role2</test:role> <!-- DUPLICATE: FAIL VALIDATION --> </test:roles> <test:action name="action1"> <test:roles> <test:role>role1</test:role> <test:role>role1</test:role> <!-- DUPLICATE: FAIL VALIDATION --> <test:role>role3</test:role> <!-- NOT DEFINED: FAIL VALIDATION --> </test:roles> </test:action> </test:location> </test:config> I want ensure that roles are only defined once and that the roles defined under the action element are only those defined at the upper level. Test.xsd <xs:element name="config"> <xs:complexType> <xs:sequence> <xs:element ref="test:location" maxOccurs="unbounded" /> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> </xs:element> <xs:element name="location" type="test:LocationType"> <xs:key name="keyRole"> <xs:selector xpath="test:roles" /> <xs:field xpath="test:role" /> </xs:key> <xs:keyref name="keyrefRole" refer="test:keyRole"> <xs:selector xpath="test:action/test:roles" /> <xs:field xpath="test:role" /> </xs:keyref> </xs:element> <xs:complexType name="LocationType"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element ref="test:roles" minOccurs="0" /> <xs:element name="action" type="test:ActionType" minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> </xs:sequence> <xs:attribute name="id" type="xs:string" use="required"/> <xs:attribute name="path" type="xs:string" use="required"/> </xs:complexType> <xs:element name="roles" type="test:RolesType"> <xs:unique name="uniqueRole"> <xs:selector xpath="." /> <xs:field xpath="test:role" /> </xs:unique> </xs:element> <xs:complexType name="RolesType"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element name="role" type="xs:string" maxOccurs="unbounded"/> </xs:sequence> </xs:complexType> <xs:complexType name="ActionType"> <xs:sequence> <xs:element ref="test:roles" /> </xs:sequence> <xs:attribute name="name" type="xs:string" use="required" /> </xs:complexType> The validation fails with these messages: Description Resource Path Location Type cvc-identity-constraint.3: Field "./test:role" of identity constraint "keyrefRole" matches more than one value within the scope of its selector; fields must match unique values. Test.xml /filebrowser-ejb/src/test/resources line 15 XML Problem cvc-identity-constraint.3: Field "./test:role" of identity constraint "keyrefRole" matches more than one value within the scope of its selector; fields must match unique values. Test.xml /filebrowser-ejb/src/test/resources line 16 XML Problem cvc-identity-constraint.3: Field "./test:role" of identity constraint "keyRole" matches more than one value within the scope of its selector; fields must match unique values. Test.xml /filebrowser-ejb/src/test/resources line 9 XML Problem cvc-identity-constraint.3: Field "./test:role" of identity constraint "keyRole" matches more than one value within the scope of its selector; fields must match unique values. Test.xml /filebrowser-ejb/src/test/resources line 10 XML Problem cvc-identity-constraint.3: Field "./test:role" of identity constraint "uniqueRole" matches more than one value within the scope of its selector; fields must match unique values. Test.xml /filebrowser-ejb/src/test/resources line 9 XML Problem cvc-identity-constraint.3: Field "./test:role" of identity constraint "uniqueRole" matches more than one value within the scope of its selector; fields must match unique values. Test.xml /filebrowser-ejb/src/test/resources line 10 XML Problem cvc-identity-constraint.3: Field "./test:role" of identity constraint "uniqueRole" matches more than one value within the scope of its selector; fields must match unique values. Test.xml /filebrowser-ejb/src/test/resources line 15 XML Problem cvc-identity-constraint.3: Field "./test:role" of identity constraint "uniqueRole" matches more than one value within the scope of its selector; fields must match unique values. Test.xml /filebrowser-ejb/src/test/resources line 16 XML Problem cvc-identity-constraint.4.1: Duplicate unique value [role1] declared for identity constraint "uniqueRole" of element "roles". Test.xml /filebrowser-ejb/src/test/resources line 9 XML Problem cvc-identity-constraint.4.1: Duplicate unique value [role1] declared for identity constraint "uniqueRole" of element "roles". Test.xml /filebrowser-ejb/src/test/resources line 15 XML Problem cvc-identity-constraint.4.2.2: Duplicate key value [role1] declared for identity constraint "keyRole" of element "location". Test.xml /filebrowser-ejb/src/test/resources line 9 XML Problem cvc-identity-constraint.4.3: Key 'keyrefRole' with value 'role3' not found for identity constraint of element 'location'. Test.xml /filebrowser-ejb/src/test/resources line 19 XML Problem If I comment out the lines that should fail, validation still fails now with these messages: Description Resource Path Location Type cvc-identity-constraint.3: Field "./test:role" of identity constraint "keyRole" matches more than one value within the scope of its selector; fields must match unique values. Test.xml /filebrowser-ejb/src/test/resources line 10 XML Problem cvc-identity-constraint.3: Field "./test:role" of identity constraint "uniqueRole" matches more than one value within the scope of its selector; fields must match unique values. Test.xml /filebrowser-ejb/src/test/resources line 10 XML Problem What am I doing wrong?

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• How do I configure AT&T's Uverse 2Wire 2701HGV-B Gateway into DMZPlus Mode?

  - by MasD

  I subscribed for AT&T's Uverse service and they shipped me a Wire 2701HGV-B Router/Gateway/Firewall/WiFi. I would like to configure AT&T's hardware to have less control and use my trusted Linksys WRT54-G router between my computers and the 2Wire Gateway. This seems to be a common configuration for Uverse users with this hardware in other forums, but requires a "DMZPlus" mode that I'm unfamiliar with.

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• How to setup a static multicast ARP entry with Cisco SG300?

  - by Fredrik Hedberg

  We're running a Microsoft NLB cluster in multicast mode as a loadbalancer. Using our old Cisco IOS switches we propagate access to the cluster to our branches using a static ARP entry in the core router: arp 10.20.1.226 03bf.0a14.01e2 ARPA But how does one solve this using non-IOS based Cisco hardware such as the SG300 series? Adding a static ARP entry results in an error message telling the user that the hardware address needs to be a valid unicast MAC address.

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• Computer components which have unique ID

  - by user23950

  What are the computer parts that has a unique ID? Be it software or hardware. For example, IP Address. And the MAC ID in the NIC. Unique ID's that could be used by bad sites to distinguish you from the rest of the crowd. Edit: Or anything that cannot be changed. Anything that is embedded in the hardware that cannot be changed.

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• Errors from ALSA during Arch Linux boot

  - by Macha

  Everytime I boot my Linux system, I get these errors while ALSA boots. Despite these, the sound still works, so these are more of an annoyance than anything. How do I stop these occuring? Unknown hardware: "HDA-Intel" "IDT 92HD73C1X5" "HDA:111d7675,10280256,00100202" "0x1028" "0x0256" Hardware is initialized using a guess method /usr/sbin/alsactl: set_control:1255: failed to obtain info for control #6 (No such file or directory) /usr/sbin/alsactl: set_control:1255: failed to obtain info for control #7 (No such file or directory)

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• Blank Screen After Login on Windows 7

  - by Leigh Riffel

  When unlocking a Windows 7 computer the screen briefly (less than a second) goes blank before showing the screen. Abound once a month (but sometimes within a few days) when I unlock my computer the screen doesn't come back from this brief blackout and stays black. Sometimes after five minutes or so the display will come back. Other times it has been blank for over 20 minutes, so I give up and restart the computer. It seems to happen more often when the computer has been locked for a longer period of time - I lock my computer several times a day, but the problem most happens when I come in at the start of the day. I have updated my video card and monitor drivers. I have two monitors driven by the same graphics card. The computer is a Dell Optiplex 740. When the problem occurs both monitors have a green light on to indicate that they are receiving signal. I've tried unplugging the monitors from the video card and turning the monitors on and off. The screen saver is set to one that is not blank screen. The Windows power settings are set to never turn off the display. When the problem occurs there is no significant disk activity occurring. When the problem occurs I can connect over the network to the hard drive on my computer. When the problem occurs I can't connect over the network with a VNC connection. The VNC client doesn't give an error, but also won't show the screen. The task actually seems to hang as I can see the task, but there is no window for it. This problem occurred when I was running a pre-release version of Windows 7. The hard drive was formatted for release version and the problem still occurs. I've been stopping some of my always running programs to see if one of them may be the culprit, but given the span between failures that will take some time to find the problem if it will even help at all. Some programs I have always running include IE, Firefox, Outlook, Evernote, Kana Reminder, Ditto, Macro Express, Timesnapper, and DisplayFusion. Any ideas appreciated.

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• Nokia 6020 can't connect to PC ?

  - by Mukesh

  I have installed PC suite 7.1 and cable CA-42 and trying to connect the mobile as a modem to send and receive sms but the mobile is not connecting with the pc. I have installed the nokia 6020 modem driver. I am running windows XP 64-bit operation system. While i connect phone to a USB port it prompts new hardware found and go for installation of required software but installation of new hardware getting failed.

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• If a raid controller changes, are the drives still usable without re-formatting?

  - by Jeremy

  I've been wanting to do a raid 1 setup in my home with a pair of sata drives. Someone told me that if the controller fails, you can't just get a new controller because you'll have to reformat the drives. Or is that true only in some implementations? I was originally just looking at an onboard raid controller, or an entry level nas drvice like the intel SS4200-E, but If the hardware (controller) ever fails, will I be out of luck accessing the data if I can't get the exact same hardware to replace it?

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• Test Environment configuration Management

  - by TechTestDude

  I am after a solution which will enable me to enter all my hardware/software elements (sort of like resource management), create a set of 'test environments' and assign hardware and software to that test environment for a given period. The idea is so that everyone can see and update what they need in any given environment to meet their project needs. Does anyone know of any systems out there which can achieve this? Vendor recommendations are welcome, but please call out your interest in it.

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• How to make a 100% UNIQUE dvd? [closed]

  - by sajawikio

  Is it possible to make a DVD which would be next to impossible to replicate exactly even with special equipment? To be clear, not in the sense of making the data itself resistant to piracy - nothing like that. More like as an analogy to antiques - a reproduction of a furniture would be able to be spotted to a trained eye, that it is not the original. Is it possible to do this for a dvd? Like, say a dvd is copied, even by someone who is trying to use even special equipment and is hypothetically dying to copy the dvd exactly for whatever reason - even such copied dvd would be detectable that it is not exactly the original dvd somehow (as if it were a reproduction of an original antique, but not the original), and would be almost or even preferably impossible to actually copy 100% exact the dvd ever again. Just some ideas below on the sort of thing i might go about doing to do this, but really am not sure how or what programs, media, hardware, etc. would do the trick Not sure what would do the trick -- but for instance do there exist any blank dvd's that already come pre-recorded with some sort of serial number or bar code, or other metadata, or an encrypted hash, or something like that? Maybe any blank dvd will do but i should get a special software to extract hardcoded metadata? If so which software? Or special hardware even maybe? Such dvd which the "secret" can be: Well, to know what the "secret" is and if it is present on the disk, it probably should be readable by some software or maybe a particular hardware (i guess preferably only if some sort of key is known and input into the software, even better, only then such secret data on disk can be read, otherwise nothing shows up and it looks like just a regular disk with no secret on it), and Would be impossible to actually replicate, especially not with regular burning hardware and preferably not at all. Other idea: Is there any special software that can direct the write head of laser to physically "mar" the dvd in such a way that, when played in dvd player, makes a particular visual pattern or something like that, also say the mar itself shows up as faint scratch on disk, but would be impossible for someone to do themselves exactly? EDIT: Also to clarify suppose the dvd contains video and music that should be playable on dvd players, maybe a menu too (i.e not a dvd containing software), and also to clarify the question is about how to make dvd 100% unique, not how to make the actual content of dvd protected from "piracy".

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• I/O intensive MySql server on Amazon AWS

  - by rhossi

  We recently moved from a traditional Data Center to cloud computing on AWS. We are developing a product in partnership with another company, and we need to create a database server for the product we'll release. I have been using Amazon Web Services for the past 3 years, but this is the first time I received a spec with this very specific hardware configuration. I know there are trade-offs and that real hardware will always be faster than virtual machines, and knowing that fact forehand, what would you recommend? 1) Amazon EC2? 2) Amazon RDS? 3) Something else? 4) Forget it baby, stick to the real hardware Here is the hardware requirements This server will be focused on I/O and MySQL for the statistics, memory size and disk space for the images hosting. Server 1 I/O The very main part on this server will be I/O processing, FusionIO cards have proven themselves extremely efficient, this is currently the best you can have in this domain. o Fusion ioDrive2 MLC 365GB (http://www.fusionio.com/load/-media-/1m66wu/docsLibrary/FIO_ioDrive2_Datasheet.pdf) CPU MySQL will use less CPU cores than Apache but it will use them very hard, the E7 family has 30M Cache L3 wichi provide boost performance : o 1x Intel E7-2870 will be ok. Storage SAS will be good enough in terms of performance, especially considering the space required. o RAID 10 of 4 x SAS 10k or 15k for a total available space of 512 GB. Memory o 64 GB minimum is required on this server considering the size of the statistics database. Warning: the statistics database will grow quickly, if possible consider starting with 128 GB directly, it will help. This server will be focused on I/O and MySQL for the statistics, memory size and disk space for the images hosting. Server 2 I/O The very main part on this server will be I/O processing, FusionIO cards have proven themselves extremely efficient, this is currently the best you can have in this domain. o Fusion ioDrive2 MLC 365GB (http://www.fusionio.com/load/-media-/1m66wu/docsLibrary/FIO_ioDrive2_Datasheet.pdf) CPU MySQL will use less CPU cores than Apache but it will use them very hard, the E7 family has 30M Cache L3 wichi provide boost performance : o 1x Intel E7-2870 will be ok. Storage SAS will be good enough in terms of performance, especially considering the space required. o RAID 10 of 4 x SAS 10k or 15k for a total available space of 512 GB. Memory o 64 GB minimum is required on this server considering the size of the statistics database. Warning: the statistics database will grow quickly, if possible consider starting with 128 GB directly, it will help. Thanks in advance. Best,

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• Install ubuntu 9.10 over network

  - by Narendra Sisodiya

  Imagine the condition for lab for 100 computers Case 1 - Hardware conf of all 100 comp is same -- what is the best way to install Ubuntu 9.10 in whole lab Case 2 - Hardware conf of all 100 comp is different from each other -- what is the best way to install Ubuntu 9.10 in whole lab Any practical experience ? Any good links ?

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• Microsoft signed driver appears as publisher not verfied

  - by Priyanka Gupta

  Task at hand: Microsoft sign drivers on Win 7. I microsoft signed my driver package 3 times every time thinking I might have missed a step or something. However, I cannot seem to get rid of the Windows Security error message "Windows can't verify the publisher of this driver software'. This is not the first time I have signed the driver packages. I was successfully able to sign other driver packages a few months ago. However, with this driver package I keep getting Windows security dialog box. Here's the procedure I follow - Create a new cat file using INF2CAT tool. Self sign the driver using a Versign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority - G5.cer. Run the microsoft tests on DTM Servers and clients with the devices that use this driver. Create WLK submission package. Self sign the cab file. Submit the package for certification. The catalog file that comes back after successfully passing tests says Name of signer "Microsoft Windows Hardware Comptibility Publisher". When I check the validity of signature using SignTool, it says the signature is vaild. However, when I try to install the driver with new signed catalog file the windows complain. Any ideas? Edit 11/12/2012: Reply to Eugene's comment Thanks for the help, Eugene. Yes. I did sign two other driver packages before. One of them was modified version of WinUSB driver. I am using the same certificate I used when I signed those two driver packages a few months ago. It costs $250 per signing from Microsoft. I would think that Microsoft would complain about it during certification if the certificate is wrong. I use the following command to self sign the CAT file. I don't have to specify the ceritificate name as there's only one certificate in the directory - Signtool sign /v /a /n CompanyName /t http://timestamp.verisign.com/scripts/timestamp.dll OurCatalogFile.cat Below is the result from running Verify command on the Microsoft signed OurCatalogFile.cat C:\Program Files\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v7.1\Bin\x64signtool verify /v "C:\User s\logotest\Documents\serialdriversigning\OurCatalogFile.cat" Verifying: C:\Users\logotest\Documents\serialdriversigning\OurCatalogFile.cat" Hash of file (sha1): BDDF39B1DD95881B462164129758A7FFD54F47D9 Signing Certificate Chain: Issued to: Microsoft Root Certificate Authority Issued by: Microsoft Root Certificate Authority Expires: Sun May 09 18:28:13 2021 SHA1 hash: CDD4EEAE6000AC7F40C3802C171E30148030C072 Issued to: Microsoft Windows Hardware Compatibility PCA Issued by: Microsoft Root Certificate Authority Expires: Thu Jun 04 16:15:46 2020 SHA1 hash: 8D42419D8B21E5CF9C3204D0060B19312B96EB78 Issued to: Microsoft Windows Hardware Compatibility Publisher Issued by: Microsoft Windows Hardware Compatibility PCA Expires: Wed Sep 18 18:20:55 2013 SHA1 hash: D94345C032D23404231DD3902F22AB1C2100341E The signature is timestamped: Tue Nov 06 11:26:48 2012 Timestamp Verified by: Issued to: Microsoft Root Authority Issued by: Microsoft Root Authority Expires: Thu Dec 31 02:00:00 2020 SHA1 hash: A43489159A520F0D93D032CCAF37E7FE20A8B419 Issued to: Microsoft Timestamping PCA Issued by: Microsoft Root Authority Expires: Sun Sep 15 02:00:00 2019 SHA1 hash: 3EA99A60058275E0ED83B892A909449F8C33B245 Issued to: Microsoft Time-Stamp Service Issued by: Microsoft Timestamping PCA Expires: Tue Apr 09 16:53:56 2013 SHA1 hash: 1895C2C907E0D7E5C0292B92C6EA8D0E236F525E Successfully verified: C:\Users\logotest\Documents\serialdriversigning\OurCatalogFile.cat" Number of files successfully Verified: 1 Number of warnings: 0 Number of errors: 0 Thank you!

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• Microsoft signed drivers appears as publisher not verfied

  - by Priyanka Gupta

  Task at hand: Microsoft sign drivers on Win 7. I microsoft signed my driver package 3 times every time thinking I might have missed a step or something. However, I cannot seem to get rid of the Windows Security error message "Windows can't verify the publisher of this driver software'. This is not the first time I have signed the driver packages. I was successfully able to sign other driver packages a few months ago. However, with this driver package I keep getting Windows security dialog box. Here's the procedure I follow - Create a new cat file using INF2CAT tool. Self sign the driver using a Versign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority - G5.cer. Run the microsoft tests on DTM Servers and clients with the devices that use this driver. Create WLK submission package. Self sign the cab file. Submit the package for certification. The catalog file that comes back after successfully passing tests says Name of signer "Microsoft Windows Hardware Comptibility Publisher". When I check the validity of signature using SignTool, it says the signature is vaild. However, when I try to install the driver with new signed catalog file the windows complain. Any ideas? Edit 11/12/2012: Reply to Eugene's comment Thanks for the help, Eugene. Yes. I did sign two other driver packages before. One of them was modified version of WinUSB driver. I am using the same certificate I used when I signed those two driver packages a few months ago. It costs $250 per signing from Microsoft. I would think that Microsoft would complain about it during certification if the certificate is wrong. I use the following command to self sign the CAT file. I don't have to specify the ceritificate name as there's only one certificate in the directory - Signtool sign /v /a /n CompanyName /t http://timestamp.verisign.com/scripts/timestamp.dll OurCatalogFile.cat Below is the result from running Verify command on the Microsoft signed OutCatalogFile.cat C:\Program Files\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v7.1\Bin\x64signtool verify /v "C:\User s\logotest\Documents\serialdriversigning\OurCatalogFile.cat" Verifying: C:\Users\logotest\Documents\serialdriversigning\OurCatalogFile.cat" Hash of file (sha1): BDDF39B1DD95881B462164129758A7FFD54F47D9 Signing Certificate Chain: Issued to: Microsoft Root Certificate Authority Issued by: Microsoft Root Certificate Authority Expires: Sun May 09 18:28:13 2021 SHA1 hash: CDD4EEAE6000AC7F40C3802C171E30148030C072 Issued to: Microsoft Windows Hardware Compatibility PCA Issued by: Microsoft Root Certificate Authority Expires: Thu Jun 04 16:15:46 2020 SHA1 hash: 8D42419D8B21E5CF9C3204D0060B19312B96EB78 Issued to: Microsoft Windows Hardware Compatibility Publisher Issued by: Microsoft Windows Hardware Compatibility PCA Expires: Wed Sep 18 18:20:55 2013 SHA1 hash: D94345C032D23404231DD3902F22AB1C2100341E The signature is timestamped: Tue Nov 06 11:26:48 2012 Timestamp Verified by: Issued to: Microsoft Root Authority Issued by: Microsoft Root Authority Expires: Thu Dec 31 02:00:00 2020 SHA1 hash: A43489159A520F0D93D032CCAF37E7FE20A8B419 Issued to: Microsoft Timestamping PCA Issued by: Microsoft Root Authority Expires: Sun Sep 15 02:00:00 2019 SHA1 hash: 3EA99A60058275E0ED83B892A909449F8C33B245 Issued to: Microsoft Time-Stamp Service Issued by: Microsoft Timestamping PCA Expires: Tue Apr 09 16:53:56 2013 SHA1 hash: 1895C2C907E0D7E5C0292B92C6EA8D0E236F525E Successfully verified: C:\Users\logotest\Documents\serialdriversigning\OurCatalogFile.cat" Number of files successfully Verified: 1 Number of warnings: 0 Number of errors: 0 Thank you!

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• Idiots Guide to Setting Up Myth TV?

  - by Jared

  I want to build a MythTV back end. I don't want to compile things if I can help it, and I'd like to know what hardware will work with the cable system in the US. Are there any guides to building a MythTV box? I've found several but they all appear to be three or so years out of date and I have no clue how Linux hardware support has changed since then.

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• Are Time Machine backups secure?

  - by Leandro Ardissone

  I have my Time Machine backups on an external disk (WD My Passport with no hardware encryption) and I'm worried if the data stored on the disk is safe in case somebody steals it and connect it to any Mac/PC. Does any Mac can browse the Time Machine backups? Or are they encrypted in any way? If no, is there a way to improve security of the backups, should I buy a hardware encryption based HD? Thanks.

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• Will Windows fail activation on a new hard drive after previous hard drive failed

  - by ServerBloke

  I have a failing hard drive which won't boot, that has Windows 7 Home Premium installed. I have a replacement hard drive on the way. My question is will I run into problems trying to install Windows 7 using the same cdkey and DVD on the new hard drive? I assume activation will find that the cdkey has already been activated and fail, especially if a hardware ID is checked which will probably be different because even though the other hardware is the same, the hard drive will be different.

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• Windows 7 Premium Error

  - by Lynn

  I am getting the following error details: Problem signature: Problem Event Name: BlueScreen OS Version: 6.1.7601.2.1.0.768.3 Locale ID: 1033 Additional information about the problem: BCCode: 9f BCP1: 0000000000000003 BCP2: FFFFFA8004281A10 BCP3: FFFFF80000B9C518 BCP4: FFFFFA8007BD5C10 OS Version: 6_1_7601 Service Pack: 1_0 Product: 768_1 Files that help describe the problem: C:\Windows\Minidump\121212-74334-01.dmp C:\Users\brianna\AppData\Local\Temp\WER-251161-0.sysdata.xml Anyone have any suggestions? Thanks!

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• Vaio Laptop wireless connectivity loss after some minute

  - by Mehran Meidani

  I have a big problem with my laptop, My laptop loss it's connectivity to internet randomly! for Example sometimes it's ok up to 1h but usually the problem occurred after 5 min. When I run these command, i can continue working with internet : ipconfig /release ipconfig /renew If i turn wireless off and on, the problem don't solved I have another laptop (Macbook pro) and it doesn't have any problem I use Linksys E2000 as an wireless access point Model : Sony vaio sa21gx OS : Windows 7 SP1 Thank you for your help and sorry for my bad english :)

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