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  • Best way to go about sorting 2D sprites in a "RPG Maker" styled RPG

    - by Aaron Stewart
    I am trying to come up with the best way to create overlapping sprites without having any issues. I was thinking of having a SortedDictionary and setting the Entity's key to it's Y position relative to the max bound of the simulation, aka the Z value. I'd update the "Z" value in the update method each frame, if the entity's position has changed at all. For those who don't know what I mean, I want characters who are standing closer in front of another character to be drawn on top, and if they are behind the character, they are drawn behind. I'm leery of using SpriteBatch back to front or front to back, I've been doing some searching and have been under the impression they are a bad idea. and want to know exactly how other people are dealing with their depth sorting. Just ultimately trying to come up with the best method of sorting for good practice before I get too far in to refactor the system effectively.

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  • Pygame surfaces and their Rects

    - by Jaka Novak
    I am trying to understand how pygame surfaces work. I am confused about Rect position of Surface object. If I try blit surface on screen at some position then Surface is drawn at right position, but Rect of the surface is still at position (0, 0)... I tried write my own surface class with new rect, but i am not sure if is that right solution. My goal is that i could move surface like image with rect.move() or something like that. If there is any solution to do that i would be happy to read it. Thanks for answer and time for reading this awful English If helps i write some code for better understanding my problem. (run it first, and then uncomment two lines of code and run again to see the diference): import pygame from pygame.locals import * class SurfaceR(pygame.Surface): def __init__(self, size, position): pygame.Surface.__init__(self, size) self.rect = pygame.Rect(position, size) self.position = position self.size = size def get_rect(self): return self.rect def main(): pygame.init() screen = pygame.display.set_mode((640, 480)) pygame.display.set_caption("Screen!?") clock = pygame.time.Clock() fps = 30 white = (255, 255, 255) red = (255, 0, 0) green = (0, 255, 0) blue = (0, 0, 255) surface = pygame.Surface((70,200)) surface.fill(red) surface_re = SurfaceR((300, 50), (100, 300)) surface_re.fill(blue) while True: for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == QUIT: return 0 screen.blit(surface, (100,50)) screen.blit(surface_re, surface_re.position) #pygame.draw.rect(screen, white, surface.get_rect()) #pygame.draw.rect(screen, white, surface_re.get_rect()) pygame.display.update() clock.tick(fps) if __name__ == "__main__": main()

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  • Normal maps red in OpenGL?

    - by KaiserJohaan
    I am using Assimp to import 3d models, and FreeImage to parse textures. The problem I am having is that the normal maps are actually red rather than blue when I try to render them as normal diffuse textures. http://i42.tinypic.com/289ing3.png When I open the images in a image-viewing program they do indeed show up as blue. Heres when I create the texture; OpenGLTexture::OpenGLTexture(const std::vector<uint8_t>& textureData, uint32_t textureWidth, uint32_t textureHeight, TextureType textureType, Logger& logger) : mLogger(logger), mTextureID(gNextTextureID++), mTextureType(textureType) { glGenTextures(1, &mTexture); CHECK_GL_ERROR(mLogger); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, mTexture); CHECK_GL_ERROR(mLogger); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, textureWidth, textureHeight, 0, glTextureFormat, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, &textureData[0]); CHECK_GL_ERROR(mLogger); glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D); CHECK_GL_ERROR(mLogger); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0); CHECK_GL_ERROR(mLogger); } Here is my fragment shader. You can see I just commented out the normal-map parsing and treated the normal map texture as the diffuse texture to display it and illustrate the problem. As for the rest of the code it interacts as expected with the diffuse textures so I dont see a obvious problem there. "#version 330 \n \ \n \ layout(std140) uniform; \n \ \n \ const int MAX_LIGHTS = 8; \n \ \n \ struct Light \n \ { \n \ vec4 mLightColor; \n \ vec4 mLightPosition; \n \ vec4 mLightDirection; \n \ \n \ int mLightType; \n \ float mLightIntensity; \n \ float mLightRadius; \n \ float mMaxDistance; \n \ }; \n \ \n \ uniform UnifLighting \n \ { \n \ vec4 mGamma; \n \ vec3 mViewDirection; \n \ int mNumLights; \n \ \n \ Light mLights[MAX_LIGHTS]; \n \ } Lighting; \n \ \n \ uniform UnifMaterial \n \ { \n \ vec4 mDiffuseColor; \n \ vec4 mAmbientColor; \n \ vec4 mSpecularColor; \n \ vec4 mEmissiveColor; \n \ \n \ bool mHasDiffuseTexture; \n \ bool mHasNormalTexture; \n \ bool mLightingEnabled; \n \ float mSpecularShininess; \n \ } Material; \n \ \n \ uniform sampler2D unifDiffuseTexture; \n \ uniform sampler2D unifNormalTexture; \n \ \n \ in vec3 frag_position; \n \ in vec3 frag_normal; \n \ in vec2 frag_texcoord; \n \ in vec3 frag_tangent; \n \ in vec3 frag_bitangent; \n \ \n \ out vec4 finalColor; " " \n \ \n \ void CalcGaussianSpecular(in vec3 dirToLight, in vec3 normal, out float gaussianTerm) \n \ { \n \ vec3 viewDirection = normalize(Lighting.mViewDirection); \n \ vec3 halfAngle = normalize(dirToLight + viewDirection); \n \ \n \ float angleNormalHalf = acos(dot(halfAngle, normalize(normal))); \n \ float exponent = angleNormalHalf / Material.mSpecularShininess; \n \ exponent = -(exponent * exponent); \n \ \n \ gaussianTerm = exp(exponent); \n \ } \n \ \n \ vec4 CalculateLighting(in Light light, in vec4 diffuseTexture, in vec3 normal) \n \ { \n \ if (light.mLightType == 1) // point light \n \ { \n \ vec3 positionDiff = light.mLightPosition.xyz - frag_position; \n \ float dist = max(length(positionDiff) - light.mLightRadius, 0); \n \ \n \ float attenuation = 1 / ((dist/light.mLightRadius + 1) * (dist/light.mLightRadius + 1)); \n \ attenuation = max((attenuation - light.mMaxDistance) / (1 - light.mMaxDistance), 0); \n \ \n \ vec3 dirToLight = normalize(positionDiff); \n \ float angleNormal = clamp(dot(normalize(normal), dirToLight), 0, 1); \n \ \n \ float gaussianTerm = 0.0; \n \ if (angleNormal > 0.0) \n \ CalcGaussianSpecular(dirToLight, normal, gaussianTerm); \n \ \n \ return diffuseTexture * (attenuation * angleNormal * Material.mDiffuseColor * light.mLightIntensity * light.mLightColor) + \n \ (attenuation * gaussianTerm * Material.mSpecularColor * light.mLightIntensity * light.mLightColor); \n \ } \n \ else if (light.mLightType == 2) // directional light \n \ { \n \ vec3 dirToLight = normalize(light.mLightDirection.xyz); \n \ float angleNormal = clamp(dot(normalize(normal), dirToLight), 0, 1); \n \ \n \ float gaussianTerm = 0.0; \n \ if (angleNormal > 0.0) \n \ CalcGaussianSpecular(dirToLight, normal, gaussianTerm); \n \ \n \ return diffuseTexture * (angleNormal * Material.mDiffuseColor * light.mLightIntensity * light.mLightColor) + \n \ (gaussianTerm * Material.mSpecularColor * light.mLightIntensity * light.mLightColor); \n \ } \n \ else if (light.mLightType == 4) // ambient light \n \ return diffuseTexture * Material.mAmbientColor * light.mLightIntensity * light.mLightColor; \n \ else \n \ return vec4(0.0); \n \ } \n \ \n \ void main() \n \ { \n \ vec4 diffuseTexture = vec4(1.0); \n \ if (Material.mHasDiffuseTexture) \n \ diffuseTexture = texture(unifDiffuseTexture, frag_texcoord); \n \ \n \ vec3 normal = frag_normal; \n \ if (Material.mHasNormalTexture) \n \ { \n \ diffuseTexture = vec4(normalize(texture(unifNormalTexture, frag_texcoord).xyz * 2.0 - 1.0), 1.0); \n \ // vec3 normalTangentSpace = normalize(texture(unifNormalTexture, frag_texcoord).xyz * 2.0 - 1.0); \n \ //mat3 tangentToWorldSpace = mat3(normalize(frag_tangent), normalize(frag_bitangent), normalize(frag_normal)); \n \ \n \ // normal = tangentToWorldSpace * normalTangentSpace; \n \ } \n \ \n \ if (Material.mLightingEnabled) \n \ { \n \ vec4 accumLighting = vec4(0.0); \n \ \n \ for (int lightIndex = 0; lightIndex < Lighting.mNumLights; lightIndex++) \n \ accumLighting += Material.mEmissiveColor * diffuseTexture + \n \ CalculateLighting(Lighting.mLights[lightIndex], diffuseTexture, normal); \n \ \n \ finalColor = pow(accumLighting, Lighting.mGamma); \n \ } \n \ else { \n \ finalColor = pow(diffuseTexture, Lighting.mGamma); \n \ } \n \ } \n"; Why is this? does normal-map textures need some sort of special treatment in opengl?

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  • Logging library for (c++) games

    - by Klaim
    I know a lot of logging libraries but didn't test a lot of them. (GoogleLog, Pantheios, the coming boost::log library...) In games, especially in remote multiplayer and multithreaded games, logging is vital to debugging, even if you remove all logs in the end. Let's say I'm making a PC game (not console) that needs logs (multiplayer and multithreaded and/or multiprocess) and I have good reasons for looking for a library for logging (like, I don't have time or I'm not confident in my ability to write one correctly for my case). Assuming that I need : performance ease of use (allow streaming or formating or something like that) reliable (don't leak or crash!) cross-platform (at least Windows, MacOSX, Linux/Ubuntu) Wich logging library would you recommand? Currently, I think that boost::log is the most flexible one (you can even log to remotely!), but have not good performance update: is for high performance, but isn't released yet. Pantheios is often cited but I don't have comparison points on performance and usage. I've used my own lib for a long time but I know it don't manage multithreading so it's a big problem, even if it's fast enough. Google Log seems interesting, I just need to test it but if you already have compared those libs and more, your advice might be of good use. Games are often performance demanding while complex to debug so it would be good to know logging libraries that, in our specific case, have clear advantages.

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  • How can I make a game like doodlejump XNA c#

    - by Ramy
    I wanted to know how can I make the background scroll down like doodlejump. I have a game made and I have to transform it so it's like doodle jump, but I'm wonder how or where to look so I can make he background keep moving as in progressing through the background till let's say the character dies. namespace IFM20884 { using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics; public abstract class BackgroundScroll : Sprite { private float speedOfBackground = 0.2f; // speed that the background moves public BackgroundScroll (GraphicsDeviceManager graphics) : base(graphics.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Width / 2f, graphics.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Height / 2f) { } //Getter public float speedOfBackground { get { return this.speedOfBackground ; } set { this.speedOfBackground = value; } } public override void Update(GameTime gameTime, GraphicsDeviceManager graphics) { //Makes background go down. ForcePosition(Position.X, Position.Y + (gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.Milliseconds * this.speedOfBackground )); if (Position.Y - (Height / 2) > graphics.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Height) { ForcePosition(Position.X, Position.Y - this.Height); } } public override void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch) { ForcePosition(Position.X, Position.Y - this.Height); base.Draw(spriteBatch); ForcerPosition(Position.X, Position.Y + this.Height); base.Draw(spriteBatch); } } }

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  • Converting from different handedness coordinate systems

    - by SirYakalot
    I am currently porting a demo from XNA to DirectX which, as I understand it, both have coordinate systems with different handednesses. What are the things I need to bare in mind when converting between the two? I understand not everything needs to be changed. Also I notice that many of the 3D maths functions in some of the direct3D libraries have right handed and left handed alternatives. Would it be better to just use these?

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  • How to set TextureFilter to Point to make example Bloom filter work?

    - by Mr Bell
    I have simple app that renders some particles and now I am trying to apply the bloom shader from the xna samplers ( http://create.msdn.com/en-US/education/catalog/sample/bloom ) to it, but I am running into this exception: "XNA Framework HiDef profile requires TextureFilter to be Point when using texture format Vector4." When the BloomComponent tries to end the sprite batch in the DrawFullscreenQuad method: spriteBatch.Begin(0, BlendState.Opaque, SamplerState.PointWrap, null, null, effect); spriteBatch.Draw(texture, new Rectangle(0, 0, width, height), Color.White); spriteBatch.End(); //<------- Exception thrown here It seems to be related to the pixel shaders that I am using to animate the particle. In a nutshell, I have a texture2d in vector4 format that holds particle positions, and another one for velocities. Here is a snippet from that area: GraphicsDevice.SetRenderTarget(tempRenderTarget); animationEffect.CurrentTechnique = animationEffect.Techniques[technique]; spriteBatch.Begin(SpriteSortMode.Immediate, BlendState.Opaque, SamplerState.PointWrap, DepthStencilState.DepthRead, RasterizerState.CullNone, animationEffect); spriteBatch.Draw(randomValues, new Rectangle(0, 0, width, height), Color.White); spriteBatch.End(); What I comment out the code that calls the particle animation pixel shaders the bloom component runs fine. Is there some state that I need to reset to make the bloom work?

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  • Clipping polygons in XNA with stencil (not using spritebatch)

    - by Blau
    The problem... i'm drawing polygons, in this case boxes, and i want clip children polygons with its parent's client area. // Class Region public void Render(GraphicsDevice Device, Camera Camera) { int StencilLevel = 0; Device.Clear( ClearOptions.Stencil, Vector4.Zero, 0, StencilLevel ); Render( Device, Camera, StencilLevel ); } private void Render(GraphicsDevice Device, Camera Camera, int StencilLevel) { Device.SamplerStates[0] = this.SamplerState; Device.Textures[0] = this.Texture; Device.RasterizerState = RasterizerState.CullNone; Device.BlendState = BlendState.AlphaBlend; Device.DepthStencilState = DepthStencilState.Default; Effect.Prepare(this, Camera ); Device.DepthStencilState = GlobalContext.GraphicsStates.IncMask; Device.ReferenceStencil = StencilLevel; foreach ( EffectPass pass in Effect.Techniques[Technique].Passes ) { pass.Apply( ); Device.DrawUserIndexedPrimitives<VertexPositionColorTexture>( PrimitiveType.TriangleList, VertexData, 0, VertexData.Length, IndexData, 0, PrimitiveCount ); } foreach ( Region child in ChildrenRegions ) { child.Render( Device, Camera, StencilLevel + 1 ); } Effect.Prepare( this, Camera ); // This does not works Device.BlendState = GlobalContext.GraphicsStates.NoWriteColor; Device.DepthStencilState = GlobalContext.GraphicsStates.DecMask; Device.ReferenceStencil = StencilLevel; // This should be +1, but in that case the last drrawed is blue and overlap all foreach ( EffectPass pass in Effect.Techniques[Technique].Passes ) { pass.Apply( ); Device.DrawUserIndexedPrimitives<VertexPositionColorTexture>( PrimitiveType.TriangleList, VertexData, 0, VertexData.Length, IndexData, 0, PrimitiveCount ); } } public static class GraphicsStates { public static BlendState NoWriteColor = new BlendState( ) { ColorSourceBlend = Blend.One, AlphaSourceBlend = Blend.One, ColorDestinationBlend = Blend.InverseSourceAlpha, AlphaDestinationBlend = Blend.InverseSourceAlpha, ColorWriteChannels1 = ColorWriteChannels.None }; public static DepthStencilState IncMask = new DepthStencilState( ) { StencilEnable = true, StencilFunction = CompareFunction.Equal, StencilPass = StencilOperation.IncrementSaturation, }; public static DepthStencilState DecMask = new DepthStencilState( ) { StencilEnable = true, StencilFunction = CompareFunction.Equal, StencilPass = StencilOperation.DecrementSaturation, }; } How can achieve this? EDIT: I've just relized that the NoWriteColors.ColorWriteChannels1 should be NoWriteColors.ColorWriteChannels. :) Now it's clipping right. Any other approach?

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  • Movement prediction for non-shooters

    - by ShadowChaser
    I'm working on an isometric 2D game with moderate-scale multiplayer, approximately 20-30 players connected at once to a persistent server. I've had some difficulty getting a good movement prediction implementation in place. Physics/Movement The game doesn't have a true physics implementation, but uses the basic principles to implement movement. Rather than continually polling input, state changes (ie/ mouse down/up/move events) are used to change the state of the character entity the player is controlling. The player's direction (ie/ north-east) is combined with a constant speed and turned into a true 3D vector - the entity's velocity. In the main game loop, "Update" is called before "Draw". The update logic triggers a "physics update task" that tracks all entities with a non-zero velocity uses very basic integration to change the entities position. For example: entity.Position += entity.Velocity.Scale(ElapsedTime.Seconds) (where "Seconds" is a floating point value, but the same approach would work for millisecond integer values). The key point is that no interpolation is used for movement - the rudimentary physics engine has no concept of a "previous state" or "current state", only a position and velocity. State Change and Update Packets When the velocity of the character entity the player is controlling changes, a "move avatar" packet is sent to the server containing the entity's action type (stand, walk, run), direction (north-east), and current position. This is different from how 3D first person games work. In a 3D game the velocity (direction) can change frame to frame as the player moves around. Sending every state change would effectively transmit a packet per frame, which would be too expensive. Instead, 3D games seem to ignore state changes and send "state update" packets on a fixed interval - say, every 80-150ms. Since speed and direction updates occur much less frequently in my game, I can get away with sending every state change. Although all of the physics simulations occur at the same speed and are deterministic, latency is still an issue. For that reason, I send out routine position update packets (similar to a 3D game) but much less frequently - right now every 250ms, but I suspect with good prediction I can easily boost it towards 500ms. The biggest problem is that I've now deviated from the norm - all other documentation, guides, and samples online send routine updates and interpolate between the two states. It seems incompatible with my architecture, and I need to come up with a better movement prediction algorithm that is closer to a (very basic) "networked physics" architecture. The server then receives the packet and determines the players speed from it's movement type based on a script (Is the player able to run? Get the player's running speed). Once it has the speed, it combines it with the direction to get a vector - the entity's velocity. Some cheat detection and basic validation occurs, and the entity on the server side is updated with the current velocity, direction, and position. Basic throttling is also performed to prevent players from flooding the server with movement requests. After updating its own entity, the server broadcasts an "avatar position update" packet to all other players within range. The position update packet is used to update the client side physics simulations (world state) of the remote clients and perform prediction and lag compensation. Prediction and Lag Compensation As mentioned above, clients are authoritative for their own position. Except in cases of cheating or anomalies, the client's avatar will never be repositioned by the server. No extrapolation ("move now and correct later") is required for the client's avatar - what the player sees is correct. However, some sort of extrapolation or interpolation is required for all remote entities that are moving. Some sort of prediction and/or lag-compensation is clearly required within the client's local simulation / physics engine. Problems I've been struggling with various algorithms, and have a number of questions and problems: Should I be extrapolating, interpolating, or both? My "gut feeling" is that I should be using pure extrapolation based on velocity. State change is received by the client, client computes a "predicted" velocity that compensates for lag, and the regular physics system does the rest. However, it feels at odds to all other sample code and articles - they all seem to store a number of states and perform interpolation without a physics engine. When a packet arrives, I've tried interpolating the packet's position with the packet's velocity over a fixed time period (say, 200ms). I then take the difference between the interpolated position and the current "error" position to compute a new vector and place that on the entity instead of the velocity that was sent. However, the assumption is that another packet will arrive in that time interval, and it's incredibly difficult to "guess" when the next packet will arrive - especially since they don't all arrive on fixed intervals (ie/ state changes as well). Is the concept fundamentally flawed, or is it correct but needs some fixes / adjustments? What happens when a remote player stops? I can immediately stop the entity, but it will be positioned in the "wrong" spot until it moves again. If I estimate a vector or try to interpolate, I have an issue because I don't store the previous state - the physics engine has no way to say "you need to stop after you reach position X". It simply understands a velocity, nothing more complex. I'm reluctant to add the "packet movement state" information to the entities or physics engine, since it violates basic design principles and bleeds network code across the rest of the game engine. What should happen when entities collide? There are three scenarios - the controlling player collides locally, two entities collide on the server during a position update, or a remote entity update collides on the local client. In all cases I'm uncertain how to handle the collision - aside from cheating, both states are "correct" but at different time periods. In the case of a remote entity it doesn't make sense to draw it walking through a wall, so I perform collision detection on the local client and cause it to "stop". Based on point #2 above, I might compute a "corrected vector" that continually tries to move the entity "through the wall" which will never succeed - the remote avatar is stuck there until the error gets too high and it "snaps" into position. How do games work around this?

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  • Quaternion Camera

    - by Alex_Hyzer_Kenoyer
    Can someone help me figure out how to use a Quaternion with the PerspectiveCamera in libGDX or in general? I am trying to rotate my camera around a sphere that is being drawn at (0,0,0). I am not sure how to go about setting up the quaternion correctly, manipulating it, and then applying it to the camera. Edit: Here is what I have tried to do so far. // This is how I set it up Quaternion orientation = new Quaternion(); orientation.setFromAxis(Vector3.Y, 45); // This is how I am trying to update the rotations public void rotateX(float amount) { Quaternion temp = new Quaternion(); temp.set(Vector3.X, amount); orientation.mul(temp); } public void rotateY(float amount) { Quaternion temp = new Quaternion(); temp.set(Vector3.Y, amount); orientation.mul(temp); } public void updateCamera() { // This is where I am unsure how to apply the rotations to the camera // I think I should update the view and projection matrices? camera.view.mul(orientation); ... }

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  • Flash game size and distribution between asset types

    - by EyeSeeEm
    I am currently developing a Flash game and am planning on a large amount of graphics and audio assets, which has led to some questions about Flash game size. By looking at some of the popular games on NG, there seem to be many in the 5-10Mb and a few in the 10-25Mb range. I was wondering if anyone knew of other notable large-scale games and what their sizes were, and if there have been any cases of games being disadvantaged because of their size. What is a common distribution of game size between code, graphics and audio? I know this can vary strongly, but I would like to hear your thoughts on an average case for a high-quality game.

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  • How exactly are textures drawn on faces of cubes?

    - by Christian Frantz
    Are they drawn from the lower left corner clockwise? I know how triangles are created, I'm not just sure if textures are the same way. The texture on my cube is skewed way off and after playing around with the U,V coordinates, I still can't get it right. //front left bottom corner ok vertices[0] = (new VertexPositionTexture(new Vector3(0, 0, 0), new Vector2(1, 0))); //front left upper corner vertices[1] = (new VertexPositionTexture(new Vector3(0, 1, 0), new Vector2(1, 1))); //front right upper corner ok vertices[2] = (new VertexPositionTexture(new Vector3(1, 1, 0), new Vector2(0, 1))); //front lower right corner vertices[3] = (new VertexPositionTexture(new Vector3(1, 0, 0), new Vector2(0, 0))); //back left lower corner ok vertices[4] = (new VertexPositionTexture(new Vector3(0, 0, -1), new Vector2(0, 1))); //back left upper corner vertices[5] = (new VertexPositionTexture(new Vector3(0, 1, -1), new Vector2(1, 1))); //back right upper corner ok vertices[6] = (new VertexPositionTexture(new Vector3(1, 1, -1), new Vector2(1, 0))); //back right lower corner vertices[7] = (new VertexPositionTexture(new Vector3(1, 0, -1), new Vector2(0, 0)));

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  • Something other than Vertex Welding with Texture Atlas?

    - by Tim Winter
    What options (in C# with XNA) would there be for texture usage in a procedural generated 3D world made of cubes to increase performance? Yes, it's like Minecraft. I've been doing a texture atlas and rendering faces individually (4 vertices per face), but I've also read in a couple places about using texture wrapping with two 1D atlases to merge adjacent faces with the same texture. If two or more adjacent faces share the same image, it'd be quite easy to wrap in this way reducing vertices by a large amount. My problem with this is having too many textures, swapping too often, and many image related things like non-power of 2 images. Is there a middle ground option between the 1D texture atlas trick and rendering 4 vertices per cube face? This is a picture of what I have currently (in wireframe). 4 vertices per face seems extremely inefficient to me.

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  • How to code a 4x shader/filter which emulates arcade crt display behavior?

    - by Arthur Wulf White
    I want to write a shader/filer probably in adobe Pixel Bender that will do the best job possible in emulating the fill of an oldskul monochromatic arcade CRT screen. Much like this here: http://filthypants.blogspot.com/2012/07/customizing-cgwgs-crt-pixel-shader.html Here are some attributes I know will exist in this filter: It will take in a low res image 160 x 120 and return a medium res image 640 x 480. It will add scanlines It will blur the color channels to create that color bleeding effect It will distort the shape of the image from a perfect rectangle into a rounder shape. The question is, could you please provide any other attributes that are beneficial to emulating an arcade CRT feel and links and resources on coding these effects. Thanks

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  • Drawing a circle in opengl es android, squiggly boundaries

    - by ladiesMan217
    I am new to OpenGL ES and facing a hard time drawing a circle on my GLSurfaceView. Here's what I have so far. the Circle Class public class MyGLBall { private int points=40; private float vertices[]={0.0f,0.0f,0.0f}; private FloatBuffer vertBuff; //centre of circle public MyGLBall(){ vertices=new float[(points+1)*3]; for(int i=3;i<(points+1)*3;i+=3){ double rad=(i*360/points*3)*(3.14/180); vertices[i]=(float)Math.cos(rad); vertices[i+1]=(float) Math.sin(rad); vertices[i+2]=0; } ByteBuffer bBuff=ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(vertices.length*4); bBuff.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()); vertBuff=bBuff.asFloatBuffer(); vertBuff.put(vertices); vertBuff.position(0); } public void draw(GL10 gl){ gl.glPushMatrix(); gl.glTranslatef(0, 0, 0); // gl.glScalef(size, size, 1.0f); gl.glColor4f(1.0f,1.0f,1.0f, 1.0f); gl.glVertexPointer(3, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, vertBuff); gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_FAN, 0, points/2); gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); gl.glPopMatrix(); } } I couldn't retrieve the screenshot of my image but here's what it looks like As you can see the border has crests and troughs thereby renering it squiggly which I do not want. All I want is a simple curve

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  • Tile-based 2D collision detection problems

    - by Vee
    I'm trying to follow this tutorial http://www.tonypa.pri.ee/tbw/tut05.html to implement real-time collisions in a tile-based world. I find the center coordinates of my entities thanks to these properties: public float CenterX { get { return X + Width / 2f; } set { X = value - Width / 2f; } } public float CenterY { get { return Y + Height / 2f; } set { Y = value - Height / 2f; } } Then in my update method, in the player class, which is called every frame, I have this code: public override void Update() { base.Update(); int downY = (int)Math.Floor((CenterY + Height / 2f - 1) / 16f); int upY = (int)Math.Floor((CenterY - Height / 2f) / 16f); int leftX = (int)Math.Floor((CenterX + Speed * NextX - Width / 2f) / 16f); int rightX = (int)Math.Floor((CenterX + Speed * NextX + Width / 2f - 1) / 16f); bool upleft = Game.CurrentMap[leftX, upY] != 1; bool downleft = Game.CurrentMap[leftX, downY] != 1; bool upright = Game.CurrentMap[rightX, upY] != 1; bool downright = Game.CurrentMap[rightX, downY] != 1; if(NextX == 1) { if (upright && downright) CenterX += Speed; else CenterX = (Game.GetCellX(CenterX) + 1)*16 - Width / 2f; } } downY, upY, leftX and rightX should respectively find the lowest Y position, the highest Y position, the leftmost X position and the rightmost X position. I add + Speed * NextX because in the tutorial the getMyCorners function is called with these parameters: getMyCorners (ob.x+ob.speed*dirx, ob.y, ob); The GetCellX and GetCellY methods: public int GetCellX(float mX) { return (int)Math.Floor(mX / SGame.Camera.TileSize); } public int GetCellY(float mY) { return (int)Math.Floor(mY / SGame.Camera.TileSize); } The problem is that the player "flickers" while hitting a wall, and the corner detection doesn't even work correctly since it can overlap walls that only hit one of the corners. I do not understand what is wrong. In the tutorial the ob.x and ob.y fields should be the same as my CenterX and CenterY properties, and the ob.width and ob.height should be the same as Width / 2f and Height / 2f. However it still doesn't work. Thanks for your help.

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  • What are some valuable conferences for game developers?

    - by Tommy
    Lately I was thinking of visiting a Game Developer Conference and so I search the Internet, but I didn't find a thorough list of available Conferences. Now I know some of them, like the GDC in San Francisco but I was wondering, what other Game Developer Conferences are out there. So my question is: What Game Dev Conferences do you know, that are valuable for Game Developers and Game Designers? Have you visited one of these Conferences yourself? Is there a skill level needed to appreciate such a Conference? I am aware, that there is no "true" answer to this question, but I think, that an overview over existing Conferences could be usefull for all levels of game developers.

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  • Checkers AI Algorithm

    - by John
    I am making an AI for my checkers game and I'm trying to make it as hard as possible. Here is the current criteria for a move on the hardest difficulty: 1: Look For A Block: This is when a piece is being threatened and another piece can be moved in behind it to protect it. Here is an example: Black Moves |W| |W| |W| |W| | | |W| |W| |W| |W| |W| | | |W| |W| | | | | |W| | | | | | | | | |B| | | | | |B| | | |B| |B| |B| |B| |B| |B| | | |B| |B| |B| |B| White Blocks |W| |W| |W| |W| | | |W| | | |W| |W| |W| |W| |W| |W| | | | | |W| | | | | | | | | |B| | | | | |B| | | |B| |B| |B| |B| |B| |B| | | |B| |B| |B| |B| 2: Move pieces out of danger: if any piece is being threatened, and a piece cannot block for that piece, then it will attempt to move out of the way. If the piece cannot move out of the way without still being in danger, the computer ignores the piece. 3: If the computer player owns any kings, it will attempt to 'hunt down' enemy pieces on the board, if no moves can be made that won't in danger the king or any other pieces, the computer ignores this rule. 4: Any piece that is owned by the computer that is in column 1 or 6 will attempt to go to a side. When a piece is in column 0 or 7, it is in a very strategic position because it cannot get captured while it is in either of these columns 5: It makes an educated random move, the move will not indanger the piece that is moving or any piece that is on the board. 6: If none of the above are possible it makes a random move. This question is not really specific to any language but if all examples could be in Java that would be great, considering this app is written in android. Does anyone see any room for improvement in this algorithm? Anything that would make it better at playing checkers?

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  • How much it will cost to create tile-set similar to HoM&M 2?

    - by Alexey Petrushin
    How much it will cost to create tile-set similar to HoM&M 2? I'm mostly interested in the tile-set graphics only, no animation needed, the big images of town and creatures can be done as quick and dirty pensil sketches. The quality of tiles and its amount should be roughly the same as in HoM&M 2. Can You please give a rough estimate how much it will take man-hours and how much will it cost?

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  • WebGL CORS error loading simple texture in Chrome

    - by mathacka
    Here's my code: function loadTexture() { textureImage = new Image(); textureImage.onload = function() { setupTexture(); } textureImage.src = "jumper2.png"; } function setupTexture() { texture = gl.createTexture(); gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, texture); gl.pixelStorei(gl.UNPACK_FLIP_Y_WEBGL, true); // this next line has the error: Uncaught SecurityError: An attempt was made to break through the security policy of the user agent. gl.texImage2D(gl.TEXTURE_2D, 0, gl.RGBA, gl.RGBA, gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE, textureImage); gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.OES_TEXTURE_FLOAT_LINEAR, gl.NEAREST); if (!gl.isTexture(texture)) { alert("Error: Texture is invalid"); } glProgram.samplerUniform = gl.getUniformLocation(glProgram, "uSampler"); gl.uniform1i(glProgram.samplerUniform, 0); } I've researched it and it is a CORS error a "Cross-origin resource sharing" error, but it's a local file! I can't figure out what's wrong. I did make the picture using gimp, and I'm not sure the coding was right on the export, but I eliminated a previous error using "gl.OES_TEXTURE_FLOAT_LINEAR".

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  • XNA - Drawing 2D Primitives (Boxes) and Understanding Matrices in Computer Graphics

    - by MintyAnt
    I have two issues which I wish to solve by creating 2D primitives in XNA. In my game, I wish to have a "debug mode" which will draw a red box around all hitboxes in the game (Red outline, transparent inside). This would allow us to see where the hitboxes are being drawn AND still have the sprite graphics being drawn. I wish to further understand how matrices work within computer graphics. I have a basic theoretical grasp of how they work, but I really just want to apply some of my knowledge or find a good tutorial on it. To do this, I wish to draw my own 2D primitives (With Vertex3's) and apply different transormation matrices to them. I was trying to find a tutorial on drawing primitives using Direct3D, but most tutorials are only for c++, and just tell me to use XNA's Spritebatch. I wish to have more control over my program than just with Spritebatch. Any Help on using Direct3D or any other suggestions would greatly be appreciated. Thank you.

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  • What is wrong with my Dot Product? [Javascript]

    - by Clay Ellis Murray
    I am trying to make a pong game but I wanted to use dot products to do the collisions with the paddles, however whenever I make a dot product objects it never changes much from .9 this is my code to make vectors vector = { make:function(object){ return [object.x + object.width/2,object.y + object.height/2] }, normalize:function(v){ var length = Math.sqrt(v[0] * v[0] + v[1] * v[1]) v[0] = v[0]/length v[1] = v[1]/length return v }, dot:function(v1,v2){ return v1[0] * v2[0] + v1[1] * v2[1] } } and this is where I am calculating the dot in my code vector1 = vector.normalize(vector.make(ball)) vector2 = vector.normalize(vector.make(object)) dot = vector.dot(vector1,vector2) Here is a JsFiddle of my code currently the paddles don't move. Any help would be greatly appreciated

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  • 3D rotation tool. How can I add simple extrusion?

    - by Gerve
    The 3D rotation tool is excellent but it only lets you rotate 2D objects, this means my object is wafer thin. Is there any way to add simple extrusion or depth to a symbol? I don't really want to use any 3rd party libraries like Away3D or Papervision, this is overkill for my simple 2D game. I only want to do this creating a couple motion tweens if possible. More Details: Below is what my symbol looks like (just with a bit more color). The symbol does a little 3D rotation and then flies away, it's just for something like a scoreboard within the app.

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  • Adding Vertices to a dynamic mesh via Method Call

    - by Raven Dreamer
    I have a C# Struct with a static method, "Get Shape" which populates a List with the vertices of a polyhedron. Method Signature: public static void GetShape(Block b, int x, int y, int z, List<Vector3> vertices, List<int> triangles, List<Vector2> uvs, List<Vector2> uv2s) Adding directly to the vertices list (via vertices.Add(vector3) ), the code works as expected, and the new polyhedron appears when I trigger the method. However, I want to do some processing on the vertices I'm adding (a rotation), and the most sensible way I can think to do that is by creating a separate list of Vector3s, and then combining the lists when I'm done. However, vertices.AddRange(newVerts) does not add the shape to the mesh, nor does a foreach loop with verts.Add(vertices[i]). And this is before I've added in any of the processing! I have a feeling this might stem from passing the list of vertices in as a parameter, rather than returning a list and then adding to the vertices in the calling object, but since I'm filling 4 lists, I was trying to avoid having to create a data struct to return all four at once. Any ideas? The working version of the method is reprinted below, in full: public static void GetShape(Block b, int x, int y, int z, List<Vector3> vertices, List<int> triangles, List<Vector2> uvs, List<Vector2> uv2s) { //List<Vector3> vertices = new List<Vector3>(); int l_blockShape = b.blockShape; int l_blockType = b.blockType; //CheckFace checks if the block is empty //if this block is empty, don't draw anything. int vertexIndex; //only y faces need to be hidden. //if((l_blockShape & BlockShape.NegZFace) == BlockShape.NegZFace) { vertexIndex = vertices.Count; //top left, top right, bottom right, bottom left vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.2f, y + 1, z+.2f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.8f, y + 1, z+.2f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.8f, y , z+.2f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.2f, y , z+.2f)); // first triangle for the face triangles.Add(vertexIndex); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+1); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+3); // second triangle for the face triangles.Add(vertexIndex+1); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+2); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+3); //UVs for the face uvs.Add( new Vector2(0,1)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(1,1)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(1,0)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(0,0)); //UV2s (lightmapping?) uv2s.Add( new Vector2(0,1)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(1,1)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(1,0)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(0,0)); } //XY Z+1 face //if((l_blockShape & BlockShape.PosZFace) == BlockShape.PosZFace) { vertexIndex = vertices.Count; //top left, top right, bottom right, bottom left vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.8f, y + 1, z+.8f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.2f, y + 1, z+.8f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.2f, y , z+.8f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.8f, y , z+.8f)); // first triangle for the face triangles.Add(vertexIndex); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+1); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+3); // second triangle for the face triangles.Add(vertexIndex+1); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+2); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+3); //UVs for the face uvs.Add( new Vector2(0,1)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(1,1)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(1,0)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(0,0)); //UV2s (lightmapping?) uv2s.Add( new Vector2(0,1)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(1,1)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(1,0)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(0,0)); } //ZY face //if((l_blockShape & BlockShape.NegXFace) == BlockShape.NegXFace) { vertexIndex = vertices.Count; //top left, top right, bottom right, bottom left vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.2f, y + 1, z+.8f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.2f, y + 1, z+.2f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.2f, y , z+.2f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.2f, y , z+.8f)); // first triangle for the face triangles.Add(vertexIndex); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+1); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+3); // second triangle for the face triangles.Add(vertexIndex+1); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+2); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+3); //UVs for the face uvs.Add( new Vector2(0,1)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(1,1)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(1,0)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(0,0)); //UV2s (lightmapping?) uv2s.Add( new Vector2(0,1)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(1,1)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(1,0)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(0,0)); } //ZY X+1 face // if((l_blockShape & BlockShape.PosXFace) == BlockShape.PosXFace) { vertexIndex = vertices.Count; //top left, top right, bottom right, bottom left vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.8f, y + 1, z+.2f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.8f, y + 1, z+.8f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.8f, y , z+.8f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.8f, y , z+.2f)); // first triangle for the face triangles.Add(vertexIndex); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+1); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+3); // second triangle for the face triangles.Add(vertexIndex+1); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+2); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+3); //UVs for the face uvs.Add( new Vector2(0,1)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(1,1)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(1,0)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(0,0)); //UV2s (lightmapping?) uv2s.Add( new Vector2(0,1)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(1,1)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(1,0)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(0,0)); } //ZX face if((l_blockShape & BlockShape.NegYFace) == BlockShape.NegYFace) { vertexIndex = vertices.Count; //top left, top right, bottom right, bottom left vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.8f, y , z+.8f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.8f, y , z+.2f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.2f, y , z+.2f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.2f, y , z+.8f)); // first triangle for the face triangles.Add(vertexIndex+3); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+1); triangles.Add(vertexIndex); // second triangle for the face triangles.Add(vertexIndex+3); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+2); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+1); //UVs for the face uvs.Add( new Vector2(0,1)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(1,1)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(1,0)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(0,0)); //UV2s (lightmapping?) uv2s.Add( new Vector2(0,1)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(1,1)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(1,0)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(0,0)); } //ZX + 1 face if((l_blockShape & BlockShape.PosYFace) == BlockShape.PosYFace) { vertexIndex = vertices.Count; //top left, top right, bottom right, bottom left vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.8f, y+1 , z+.2f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.8f, y+1 , z+.8f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.2f, y+1 , z+.8f)); vertices.Add(new Vector3(x+.2f, y+1 , z+.2f)); // first triangle for the face triangles.Add(vertexIndex+3); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+1); triangles.Add(vertexIndex); // second triangle for the face triangles.Add(vertexIndex+3); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+2); triangles.Add(vertexIndex+1); //UVs for the face uvs.Add( new Vector2(0,1)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(1,1)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(1,0)); uvs.Add( new Vector2(0,0)); //UV2s (lightmapping?) uv2s.Add( new Vector2(0,1)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(1,1)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(1,0)); uv2s.Add( new Vector2(0,0)); } }

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  • Collision Detection Game Design and Architecture

    - by Chompas
    I've reading some articles about collision detection. My question here is about ideas on the design for it. Baically I have a C++ game that has a main loop with entities with an update method. Based on keyboard input, these characters updates their positions. My question is not about how to detect collisions, it's about getting ideas in which is the best way to implement this. The game has a main character but also enemies that have to collide between them, so I'm not sure where to make all the iterations for checking collisions and if the right way is to check everything against everything. Thanks in advance.

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